08新版GMAT语法-讲义
GMAT语法定语从句知识点
GMAT语法定语从句知识点以下是一些GMAT语法考试中常见的定语从句知识点：1. 关系词：定语从句通常由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（where, when, why）引导。
关系代词指代先行词，关系副词则指示时间、地点或原因。
2.关系代词的使用：- who：指人，并在定语从句中充当主语。
- whom：指人，并在定语从句中充当宾语。
- whose：指人或物，并在定语从句中充当所有格。
- which：指物，并在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
- that：可以指人或物，并在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
3.关系副词的使用：- where：指地点，在定语从句中表示地点。
- when：指时间，在定语从句中表示时间。
- why：指原因，在定语从句中表示原因。
4.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：-限制性定语从句提供对先行词的必要限定信息，如果去掉该从句，句子的意思就会不完整，不准确。
限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句隔开。
-非限制性定语从句提供对先行词的额外说明，如果去掉该从句，句子的意思仍然完整。
非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。
5.定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面，不过有时也可以将定语从句放在句尾或句中。
6.关系代词的省略：当先行词在定语从句中同时作主语时，关系代词可以省略。
7.其他语法问题：-一致性：定语从句中的动词应与先行词保持一致。
-引导词的选择：要根据先行词的性质和句意选择合适的关系词。
-定语从句中的时态：一般情况下，定语从句的时态和主句保持一致。
以上是GMAT语法考试中常见的定语从句知识点。
熟练掌握这些知识点可以帮助提高GMAT语法题的解题能力。
08新版GMAT数学-讲义
number lines 数轴
obtuse angle 钝角
octagon 八边形
ordinate 纵坐标
overlap 交叠
parallelogram 平行四边形
pentagon 五边形
perimeter 周长
parallel lines 平行线
perpendicular lines 垂直线
（A）0.004
（B）0.02775
（C）2.775
（D）3.6036
（）36.036
例2：蓝皮书P148第98题
Of the following,which if closest to ?
(A)7.5
(B)15
(C)75
(D)150
(E)750
例3：蓝皮书P144第76题
(C) 120
(D) 40
(E) 20
1.一元二次方程
一般常用因式分解法：
十字交叉法 例1：蓝皮书P140第50题
If x is a number such that and , what is the value of ?
(A)-2
(B)-1
(C)0
is between
(A)3 and 4
(B)4 and 5
(C)5 and 6
(D)6 and 7
(E)7 and 8
2.二元一次方程组
消去其中一个元素即可
例1：
（1）
（2）
（1）—（2），消去y，得x=1,y=2
蓝皮书P147第92题 If and ,what is the value of ?
(完整版)GMAT语法点
名词分类（1）按名词特性分类：普通名词,专有名词，集合名词，物质名词，抽象名词；普通名词:表人，物，地点；举例：sister，cat，canton专有名词: 表某人，某地，某物特有的名称, 第一个字母大写；举例Barack Hussein Obama，Hachiko （狗名），China, Mississippi集体名词:表某类人/物的集体名称；举例：John’s Family，company，furniture,nation,party,class, herd物质名词: 表物质的名称（材料，食品，饮料等），举例：sugar，meat, paper, gas,bag,iron抽象名词：表示品质，状态，动作，抽象概念的名称，举例：beauty, childhood,death，peace,herd,speed,energy,environment,pride,prejudice,weather（2）按可数形式分类：可数名词，不可数名词可数名词：能在前面加a/an 的或another，one，every，each；能用于复数形式的；举例：a book; every person.不可数名词：不能加a 或another，one，every，each 等；不能用于复数形式的；举例：water, idea, courage（3）5 类名词与可数不可数之间的关系普通名词为可数名词；举例：a desk，each house，cats．集合名词为可数名词；举例：（a）family，（each）class，（all）parties，（different）nations。
专有名词一般为不可数名词；举例：London；但有些为可数名词，如Communists，french-men。
物质名词一般不可数名词；举例：milk，gold，coffee，beer；但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an ice-cream（一份冰淇淋），a light rain（一阵小雨）。
GMAT语法全总结
GMAT 个人语法笔记说明本笔记全面覆盖PREP2008 所有知识点，Manhattan 所有语法点，新东方丽丽所讲的我个人觉得靠谱的语法点，管卫东语法点以及平时真题时遇到的语法点，有很强的覆盖性！编撰此笔记旨在方便各位CDer在需要时查询各个知识点并快速定位到相应解释！时间紧迫的复习者也可直接看此笔记作为复习！需要提醒各位，GMAC最近加大了逻辑和语义的考察力度，在做题中一定要加强逻辑和语义的判断！语法只能作为提速和初步判断的工具！切记！感谢Chasedream和各位大牛的鼎力支持！制作时间：2011年9月18日Like 用法总结一． Like 用法三原则原则一：like比较的是名词和名词。
要找准比较对象。
原则二：Just like 是wordy, like就可以了。
Like**, **also 也是redundant。
原则三：要把like的句子改写成as（连词）引导的从句的话，要补上从句的谓语动词（或助动词），并且该动词和主句的动词应该没有逻辑上的矛盾。
二. Like九条及例题woodorstone总结得挺好。
我自己也总结了9条，改了改发出来，一家之言，仅供参考。
例子太长，没贴，可根据文中题号，到大全987和og里找到。
1. as作连词，like作介词时，才可表示”象...一样”2. like 和 as 的优缺点like优点是，直接接名词，简洁，比as灵活，象得没as那么象。
但有时太灵活以至导致歧义(e.g.,og060.A)。
相比之下as的优点是准确，缺点是过于死板，以致于有时导致逻辑上不通。
（e.g.,og119.C)3. like 常用于比较名词，作独立成分，大部分时候出现在句首。
(e.g.,og091)但like+n.也可作表语 (looks like, reads like (e.g.,大全568))，或普通状语（说普通是区分独立成分）(v.+like+n.,e.g., og119)。
GMAT语法短语总结
GMAT语法短语总结一、句子结构1. 主语（Subject）：句子的主要动作执行者或者被描述的对象。
2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中最主要的动词或动词短语。
3. 宾语（Object）：谓语动作所作用的对象。
4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的形容词。
5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
7. 介词短语（Prepositional Phrase）：由介词和它的宾语组成的短语。
8. 从句（Clause）：包含一个主语和一个谓语的句子。
9. 并列连词（Coordinating Conjunctions）：用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语或其他句子的词。
二、动词形式1. 时态（Tense）：表示动作发生的时间。
2. 语态（Voice）：表示动作的主体和承受者之间的关系。
3. 分词（Participle）：用来形容名词或代词的形容词形式。
4. 不定式（Infinitive）：表示目的、目标、意愿等的动词形式。
5. 动名词（Gerund）：以-ing 结尾的动词形式，作名词用。
三、名词形式1. 单数名词（Singular Nouns）：表示一个人、物、概念等的名词。
2. 复数名词（Plural Nouns）：表示多个人、物、概念等的名词。
3. 不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）：表示不能数的物质、抽象概念等。
4. 名词所有格（Possessive Noun）：表示所有关系的名词形式。
四、代词用法1. 主格代词（Subject Pronouns）：作为主语使用的代词形式。
2. 宾格代词（Object Pronouns）：作为宾语使用的代词形式。
3. 形容词性物主代词（Adjective Possessive Pronouns）：表示所有关系的代词形式。
4. 名词性物主代词（Noun Possessive Pronouns）：表示所有关系的代词形式。
五、时态和语态1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.过去进行时5.现在完成时6.过去完成时7.一般将来时8.一般过去将来时9. 被动语态（Passive Voice）10.一般现在被动态11.一般过去被动态12.现在进行被动态13.过去进行被动态14.现在完成被动态15.过去完成被动态以上是GMAT语法中常见的一些短语总结，可以帮助考生在备考中更好地掌握相关知识点。
《gmat语法教学课件》第7课时—定语从句vs分词
2021/7/9
14
• Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
2021/7/9
16
• In the initial planning stages, the condominium corporation took into account only the concerns of its prospective clients, not those of surrounding homeowners.
C. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, which says
D. both on diesel fuel and engines has sparked the oil industry to a counterattack, saying
2021/7/9
4
2）出现很长的修饰语时，为避免主语修饰语过于冗长，有时候会将修饰 语后置
• A new CEO has been hired who will transform the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their accountability through the use of public scorecards.
GMAT语法知识点
2 标点符号规则：第一，逗号不能直接连接两个或三个句子。
第二，主谓之间不能加逗号，除非有插入语。
第三，分号前后必须使用完整主谓结构，即分号两边都是完整的句子。
4 任何介词都不能用作连词引导从句，即介词后不能加主谓结构。
5 主语从句只能使用陈述语序。
6 带有主语从句的复合句中，主语从句作为一个整体，视为单数，谓语动词也向应用第三人称单数形式。
8 动词型宾语从句引导词that在书面语中一般不能省略。
9 宾语从句使用陈述语序。
10 介词后一般只能接疑问词引导的宾语从句，不可以接that引导的宾语从句。
除非是：but that, except that, in that(=because)。
14 动作的目的关系用to do表示。
17 分号前后必须是完整的主谓结构。
18 逗号不能直接连接两个完整的主谓结构。
应该有and神马的。
22 分词短语也就是doing什么的，是表示伴随动作或者伴随结果的，所以要考虑下和前面的句意逻辑是不是相合。
28 原句中的（即A选项中的）情态动词不可以随意添加、省略或者改变。
30 同位语从句连词that和宾语从句连词that不能省略。
35 当主语和谓语之间没有任何插入语的时候，主谓语之间一定不能用逗号隔开。
36 介词+one’s being done永远错。
37 标准书面语中，无生命事物的所有格形式优先使用n. of n.，而较少使用n.’s这种结构。
39 原句的重心不得改变。
譬如将原句（A选项）中的主句内容改为定语从句，是不可以的。
44 宾语从句并列，譬如the report showed that 句子1 and that 句子2。
句子长了的话，后面的那个that很容易被忽略。
45 如果主语是A and B, 则对应的谓语动词应该是复数形式的。
47 在标准书面语中不倾向于使用双重所有格形式，譬如right of an individual’s 之类的，都是不要选的。
49 简洁性原则：譬如evidence of what was...就不选, 应该选evidence of+名词。
《GMAT句子改错讲义》
《GMA旬子改错讲义》GMAT 句子改错讲义一．主语与动词一致1．The relationship between corpulence and disease remain controversial, al though statistics clearly associate a reduced life expectancy with chronic o besity.A) remain controversial, although statistics clearly associate a reduced life expectancy withB) remain controversial, although statistics clearly associates a reduced li fe expectancy withC) remain controversial, although statistics clearly associates reduced life expectancy toD) remains controversial, although statistics clearly associate a reduced life expectancy withE) remains controversial, although statistics clearly associates reduced lif e expectancy to2. Puritan fanatics brought to civil and military affairs a coolness of judg ment and mutability of purpose that some writers have though inconsistent wi th their religious zeal, but which was in fact a natural outgrowth of it.A) but which was in fact a natural outgrowth of itB) but which were in fact a natural outgrowth of itC) but which were in fact natural outgrowths of itD) but it was in fact a natural outgrowth of themE) which was in fact a natural outgrowth of it3.Out of America ' s fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chais e lounge, the overstuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.A) all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringingB) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixt ures that is bringingC) things that are antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bringD) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fix tures that are bringingE) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixt ures that bring4.Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great ant hropologist and that makes his letters as a group the rival of the best nove ls of the time.A) makes his letters as a group the rival ofB) makes his letter as a group one to rivalC) makes his letters a group rivalingD) make his letters as a group the rival ofE) make his letters a group which is the rival of5.Since 1981, when the farm depression began, the number of acres overseen b y professional farm-management companies have grown from 48 million to nearl y 59 million, an area that is about Colorado ' s size. (O.P. 297)A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Co lorado ' s sizeB) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colora doC) has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of ColoradoD) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million , an area about the size of Colorado ' sE) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorado' s w-ivHeasdley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Ge lhorn,and Mary Welsh-were strong and interesting women, very different fromthe often pallid women who populate his novels. (O.P.300)A) Each of Hemingway ' s wiv-Hesadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Ge lhorn, and Mary Welsh-were strong and interesting women,B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gklhorn, and Mary Welsh-each of them Hemingway ' s wiv-ewsere strong and interesting womenC) Hemingway ' s wive-sHadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, a nd Mary Welsh-were all strong and interesting women.D) Strong and interesting women-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh-each a wife of Hemingway, wasE) Strong and interesting women-Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeifferm Martha Gelhorn, and s size6. Each of HemingwayMary Welsh- every one of Hemingway ' s wives were7. One of every two new businesses fail within two years. (O.P. 302)A) failB) failsC) should failD) may have failedE) has failed8. A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outsid e the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past deca de and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.( O.P.311)A) numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-fiv e percent increaseB) numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five per centC) numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirt y-five percentD) number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percentE) number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirt y-five percent increase9. What was as remarkable as the development of the compact disc has been th e use of the new technology to revitalize, in better sound than was ever bef ore possible, some of the classic recorded performances of the pre-LPP era. (O.P 312)A) What was as remarkable as the development of the compact discB) The thing that was as remarkable as developing the compact discC) No less remarkable than the development of the compact discD) Developing the compact disc has been none the less remarkable thanE) Development of the compact disc has been no less remarkable as10. While some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrate d into every business course, others say that students will take ethics seri ously only if it would be taught as a separately required course. (O.P. 313)A) only if it would be taught as a separately required courseB) only if it is taught as a separate, required courseC) if it is taught only as a course required separatelyD) if it was taught only as a separate and required courseE) if it would only be taught as a required course, separately11. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods ad services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more w idely than cash.( Z.P.92)A) like the Americans, is used even more widely thanB) like that of America, is used even more widely than 'C) as in America, are sued even more widely thanD) such as America, are used even more widely thanE) such as America, are used even more widely as12. One of every two new businesses fail within two years.(Z.P.102)A) failB) failsC) should failD) may have failedE) has failed13. The great difference in interpretation between him and his immediate pre decessor of the role of Anthony were the su bject of last week 's column by the well-known drama critic. (Z.P. 103)A) between him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony wereB) between him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony wereC) between he and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony wereD) among him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony wasE) among him and his immediate predecessor of the role of Anthony were14. The rise in the Commerce Department 's index of leading ecoinndoicmaitcors suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming months, but that the mixed performance of the index ' s individual components indicates that economic growth will proceed at a more moderate pace than in the first quarter of this year. (Z.P.155)A) suggest that the economy should continue its expansion into the coming months, but thatB) suggest that the economy is to continue expansion in the coming months bu tC) suggests that the economy will continue its expanding in the coming month s, but thatD) suggests that the economy is continuing to expand into the coming months, but thatE) suggests that the economy will continue to expand in the coming months, b utKEYS:D 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.B 13.B 14.E二、动词时态1. Europeans have long known that eating quail sometimes makes the eater ill, but only recently has it been established that the illness is caused by atoxin present in the quailA)B) Europeans have long known quail eating is sometimes able to makeC) Eating quail has long been known to Europeans to sometimes makeD) It has long been known to Europeans that quail eating will sometimes makeE) It has long been known to Europeans that quail, when it is eaten, has som etimes made 2．Interest rates on mortgages have declined steadily during the first six months of this yearbut virtually remained unchanged during the next three m onths.A) have declined steadily during the first six months of this year but virtu ally remained unchangedB) declined steadily during the first six months of this year but virtually remain unchangedC) steadily declined during the first six months of this year but remain vir tually unchangedD) declined steadily during the first six months of this but have remained v irtually unchanging 'E) declined steadily during the first six months of this year but have remai ned virtually unchanged3．Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could n ot be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century has been necessa ry to develop and enforce the principle that all juries mus t be drawn from a fair cross section of the community9A) has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juriesmust beB) was necessary for developing and enforcing the principle that all juries must beC) was to be necessary in developing and enforcing the principle of all furies to beD) is necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must beE) will be necessary for developing and enforcing the principle4.Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake l ast year were constructed in violation of the city ' s building code.A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year wereB) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake l ast year had beenC) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last year have beenD) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have beenE) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had been5. by the time peace and happiness will have come to the planet, many liveswill be wasted.A) will have come to the planet, many lives will be wastedB) come to the planet, many lives will have been wastedC) will have come to the planet, many lives will have been wasted10D) shall have come to the planet, many lives shall be wasted 'E) would have come to the planet, many lives would have been wasted6. the books of W.E.B. DuBois before World War I constituted as fundamental a challenge to the accepted ideas of race relations that, two generations la ter will be true of the writings of the radical writers of the 1960 's.A) that, two generations later will be true ofB) that, two generations later, would be true ofC) as, two generations later , would be true ofD) as, two generations later, wouldE) just in the way that, two generations later, did7. While everyone continues to hope for their survival, it is unlikely that t he astronauts could have made it back to the shelter before the power plant exploded.A) could have made it back to the shelter before the power plant explodedB) were making it back to the shelter before the power plant explodedC) were able to make it back to the shelter before the power plant explodesD) have been able to make it back to the shelter before the power plant will explodeE) could have made it back to the shelter before the power plant would havedestroyed them8. parliament did not accord full refugee benefits to twelve of the recent im migrants because it believed that to do it rewards them for entering the cou ntry illegally.A) to do it rewardsB) doing it rewardsC) to do this would rewardD) doing so would rewardE) to do it would reward9. for many people, household labor remains demanding even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracle.A) even if able to afford household appliances their grandparents would find a miracleB) despite being able to afford household appliances their grandparents woul d find a miracleC) even if they can afford household appliances their grandparents would hav e found miraculousD) although they could afford household appliances their grandparents would find miraculousE) even if they are able to afford household appliances which would have bee n a miracle to their grandparentsears ago , the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be thelargest flying creature the word has ever seen.A) believed to beB) and that is believed to beC) and it is believed to have beenD) which was, it is believed,10. a huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million yE) which is believed to be11. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin inducesthe production of enzymes that are the organism ' s trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it. (O.P.298)A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritatingitB) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritantC) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless such a chemical irritantD) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritating itE) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant12. Native American burial sites dating back 5000 years indicate that the residents of Maine at that time were part of a widespread culture of Algonquia n-speaking people.( O.P.300)A) were part of a widespread culture of Algonquian-speaking peopleB) had been part of a widespread culture of people who were Algonquian-speak ingC) were people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian-spe akingD) had been people who were part of a widespread culture that was Algonquian -speakingE) were a people which had been part of a widespread, Algonquian-speaking cu lture13. A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the r ising costs of malpractice insurance.(O.P.330)A) had elected early retirement rather than faceB) had elected early retirement instead of facingC) have elected retiring early instead of facingD) have elected to retire early rather than facingE) have elected to retire early rather than face14. Opening with tributes to jazz-age divas like Bessie Smith and closing wi th Koko Taylor ' s electrified gra-vaenld thunder songs, the program will tra ce the blues ' vigorous matriarchal line over more than 50 years. (Z.P.91)A) the program will traceB) the program shall traceC) there will be a program tracingD) it it ' s a program that tracesE) it will be a program tracing15. In a period of time when women typically have had a narrow range of choi ces, Mary Baker Eddy became a distinguished writer and the founder, architec t, and builder of a growing church. (Z.P. 102)A) In a period of time when women typically haveB) During a time in which typically women haveC) Typically, during a time when womenD) At a time when women typicallyE) Typically in a time in which women16. During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throu ghout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news report s about the princely states where they had visited. (Z.P.106)A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they ha dB) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely statesC) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they haveD) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states wher e they hadE) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely stats they17. Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during two decades, stringent rationing and planned distribution have allowed the People ' s Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2000 calories per person p er day for its population. ( Z.P.109)A) Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased duringB) Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased inC) Despite its per capita food supply hardly increasing overD) Despite there being hardly any increase in its per capita food supply dur ingE) Although there is hardly any increase in per capita food supply for18. Since the past twenty years, thousands of magnificent United States elms have been killed by infestations of the tiny European bark beetle. (Z.P.117 )A) Since the past twenty yearsB) Since twenty years have passedC) During the past twenty yearsD) Twenty years agoE) After twenty years19. Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billi on in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudia ted, is the solvency of some of the world ' s largest multinational banks. (Z.P.123)A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, isB) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, areC) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, areD) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would b eE) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is20. During the summer of 1981, when it looked like parts of new York and new Jersey were going to run short of water, many businesses and homes were aff ected by the stringent restrictions on the use of water. (Z.P.132)A) it looked like parts of new York and new Jersey were going to runB) it looked as if parts of New York and New Jersey would have runC) it appearances that parts of New York and New Jersey would runD) appearances were that parts of New York and New Jersey would runE) it was the appearance that parts of New York and New Jersey would running21. The political masters of the health care system have not listened to pro fessional health planners because it has not been profitable for them to do that thing. (Z.P.133)A) has not been profitable for them to do that thingB) has not been profitable for them to do soC) has been unprofitable for them to do that thingD) has been unprofitable for them to do soE) doing so had not been profitable for them22. Few baskets made by Southern California Indians would have survived to t he present had it not been for enthusiastic collectors at the turn of the ce ntury. (Z.P.134)A) had it not been forB) unless there had beenC) without the fact that there wereD) were it not due toE) except that there were23. Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year were constructed in violation of the city ' s building code. (Z.P.157)A) Some buildings that were destroyed and heavily damaged in the earthquake last year wereB) Some buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake l ast year had beenC) Some buildings that the earthquake destroyed and heavily damaged last yea r have beenD) Last year the earthquake destroyed or heavily damaged some buildings that have beenE) Last year some of the buildings that were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake had beenKEYS:1. A know 后面的that 从句说明know 的内容，that 一般是不省的。
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GMAT 语法主讲：赵丽欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材教材说明：老师主要讲解的是蓝皮书：《商学院入学考试指导【中】》云南教育出版社出版黄皮书：GMAT官方指南1. GMAT语法介绍1.1自我介绍---赵丽1.2 GMAT语法课程介绍1. GMA T介绍第一部分：作文部分Issue and Argument第二部分：Problem solving and Date sufficiency第三部分：V erbal section：Reading comprehensionCritical reasoningSentence correction2．上课要求：讲什么记什么3. 课程设置：1.总述2.解题步骤3.解题两大原则4.十五点倾向性5.四大出题原则6.四大语法现象4.GMA T总纲Sentence correction questions present a sentence, part or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined passage. The first answer choice repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original phrasing is best, choose the first answer, otherwise choose one of the others.例：黄皮书P638第一题Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally underway, many economist s say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.(A)have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally(B)raised hopes for there being a recovery finally(C)had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D)has raised hopes that a recovery is finally(E)raised hopes for a recovery finallyThis type of question tests your ability to recognize the correctness and effectiveness ofexpression in standard written English. In choosing your answer ,follow the requirements of standard written English; that is ,pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or gram---matical error.1.3 GMAT解题步骤例：蓝皮书P2891.Researchers at Cornell university have demonstrated that homing pigeons can sensechanges in the earth's field, see light waves that people cannot see, detect low-frequency sounds from miles away, sense changes in air pressure, and can identify familiar odors.例：蓝皮书P2892.Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last there decadeswere the high cost of land, the pressure of housing and commercial development, andbasing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and Cali-- -fornia.例：蓝皮书P241第2题Since 1981,when the farm depression began,the number of acres overseen byprofessional farm-management companoes have grown 48 million to nearly 59 million,an area that is about Colaorado's size.(A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorado's size(B) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colorado(C) has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado(D) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado's(E) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorado's size2.GMAT解题两大规则：2.1忠实原文。
第一：强烈语气要保留例1：蓝皮书P243第10题However much United States voters may agree that there is waste in government andthat the government as a whole spends beyond its means, it is difficult to find broadsupport for a movement toward a minimal state.(A) However much United States voters may agree that(B) Despite the agreement among United States voters to the fact(C) Although United States voters agree(D) Even though United States voters may agree(E) There is agreement among United States voters thatHowever much –强烈语气例2：蓝皮书P254第51题While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physicalthreats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refuse to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.(A) not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused(B) not unlike Rosa Parks, who refused(C) like Rosa Parks and her refusal(D) like that of Rosa Parks for refusing(E) as that of Rosa Parks, who refusedThat of Rosa Parks – comparing courage not peopleNot unlike != like第二：不能随便改变句子的中心。
从句不能变主句，主句不能变从句例：蓝皮书P245第18题Each of Hemingway's wives---Hadley Richardson, Pfeiffer,Martha Gelhom, and MaryWelsh----were strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid womenwho populate his novels.(A) Each of Hemingway's wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, andMary Welsh—were strong and interesting women,(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welsh—each of themHemingway's wives—were strong and interesting women,(C) Hemingway's wives—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and MaryWelsh—were all strong and interesting women,(D) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn,and Mary Welsh—each a wife of hemingway, was(E) Strong and interesting women—Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn,and Mary Welsh—every one of Hemingway's wives wereeach – were is wrong.Center at Hemingway’s wives. In B, there is an extra them第三：修饰语的谓语动词不能随意省略、添加或改变。