2-unit 1

Unit 1 College CultureI. Teaching Objectives:1.Help the students to learn how a passage is organized through generalization and examples;2.Teach the students to make use of the reading skill (Predicting, distinguishing between main ideas and supporting ideas,identifying supporting evidence for opinions,understanding implied meanings and paradox).3.Teach the students to appreciate the writing techniques employed by the author (comparison and contrast);4.Raising the cultural awareness of what happened in campus in the 1960s5.Help students to use what they learn to express ideas about cultural differencesTeaching Methods: Lecturing, presentation, group discussion & practice Teaching Allocation: 4periodsII. Teaching Contents:Active Reading 1 College just isn’t special any moreIII. Teaching procedures for the first 2 period:Step 1 Warming up activitiesLife in the sixtiesBackground information (social affairs)The 1960s began with the election of the first president born in the 20th century –John Kennedy. For many Americans, the young president was the symbol of a 1) __spirit__ of hopeThis was especially true of young people, and members and supporters of 2) __ minority__ groups.A time of 3) __innocence__ and hope soon began to look like a time of anger and violence. More Americans protested to demand an end to the 4) _unfair_ treatment of black citizens. More protested to demand an end to the war in Vietnam. And more protested to demand full 5) _equality_ for women.By the middle of the 1960s, it had become almost impossible for President Lyndon Johnson to leave the White House without facing 6) __protesters_ against the war in Vietnam. In March of 1968, he announced that he would not run for another term.In addition to President John Kennedy, two other 7) _influential__ leaders were murdered during the nineteen sixties. 8) __Civil_ rights leader Martin Luther King was shot in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968. Several weeks later, Robert Kennedy—John Kennedy’s brother—was shot in Los Angeles, California. He was campaigning to win his party’s 9) __ nomination_ for president. Their deaths resulted in 10) _riots_ in cities across the country.Cultural affairs:The unrest and violence affected many young Americans. The effect seemed especially bad because of the time in which they had grown up. By the middle 1950s, most of their parents had jobs that paid well. They expressed satisfaction with their lives. They taught their children what were called "middle class" values. These included a belief in God, hard work, and service to their country.Later, many young Americans began to question these beliefs. They felt that their parents' values were not enough to help them deal with the social and racial difficulties of the nineteen sixties. They rebelled by letting their hair grow long and by wearing strange clothes. Their dissatisfaction was strongly expressed in music.Rock-and-roll music had become very popular in America in the 1950s. Some people, however, did not approve of it. They thought it was too sexual. These people disliked the rock-and-roll of the 1960s even more. They found the words especially unpleasant. The musicians themselves thought the words were extremely important. As singer and song writer Bob Dylan said, "There would be no music without the words," Bob Dylan produced many songs of social protest. He wrote anti-war songs before the war in Vietnam became a violent issue. One was called Blowin' in the Wind.In addition to songs of social protest, rock-and-roll music continued to be popular in America during the nineteen sixties. The most popular group, however, was not American. It was British -- the Beatles -- four rock-and-roll musicians from Liverpool. They spoke about drugs and sex, although not always openly. "Do your own thing" became a common expression. It meant to do whatever you wanted, without feeling guilty.Definition of the 1960sThe 1960s term refers to an era more often called The Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends in the west, particularly United States, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Australia and West Germany. Social and political upheaval was not limited to these countries, but included such nations as Japan, Mexico, Yugoslavia and others. The 1960s have become synonymous with all the new, exciting, radical, and subversive (破坏性的) events and trends of the period, which continued to develop in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and beyond.Counterculture of the 1960stime, as well as disassociate themselves from mainstream liberalism, in particular the high levels of materialism which was so common during the era. This created a “counterculture”that sparked a social revolution throughout much of the western world. It began in the United States as a reaction against the conservatism and social conformity of the 1950s, and the US government’s extensive military intervention in Vietnam.In the second half of the decade, young people began to rebel against the conservative norms of the time, as well as disassociate themselves from mainstream liberalism, in particular the high levels of materialism which was so common during the era. This created a “counterculture”that sparked a social revolution throughout much of the western world. It began in the United States as a reaction against the conservatism and social conformity of the 1950s, and the US government’s extensive military intervention in Vietnam.The youth involved in the popular social aspects of the movement became known as hippies. These groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including the sexual revolution, questioning authority and government, and demanding more freedoms and rights for women, homosexuals, and minorities.The movement was also marked by drug use and psychedelic (引起幻觉的) music.The Vietnam War:It is known as the Second Indochina War,was a Cold War military conflict that which may be said to have occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975. The war was fought between the communist North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations. The United States devoted a great deal of population involved in the Vietnam War, it is a miserable memory for the United States,meanwhile it is also the war which influence US the most after the World WarII.Anti-war movementThe conflict in Vietnam would eventually lead to a commitment of over half a million American troops, resulted in over 55,000 American deaths and produced a large-scale antiwar movement in the United States. As late as the end of 1965 few Americans protested the American involvement in Vietnam but as the war dragged on and the body count in Vietnam continued to increase so did civil unrest. Students became a powerful and disruptive force and university campuses sparked a national debate over the war, as the movement’s ideals spread beyond college campuses, doubts about the war also began to appear within the administration itself. One kind of protest was called a “sit-in.”The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement, a key element of the larger Counterculture movement, involved the fight for equal rights guaranteed under the US Constitution to all American citizens, rights which many southern states illegally denied the descendents of slaves of African origin following emancipation. Stimulated by this movement, but growing beyond it, were large numbers of student-age youth beginning with the Free Speech Movement at the University of California, Berkeley in 1964. The FSM actually came out of a struggle for the right to collect money on campus for civil rights workers in Mississippi. The university took the position that since some of the civil rights workers were getting arrested, they were engaged in illegal activity, and it was against university rules to allow the collection of money for illegal activities. This shocked and enraged students on campus who were furious that their liberal university would so strongly side with the racists in the South -- opposing voter registration drives and protecting the killers of children. The students took over a campus building, and the police were called in to arrest theextreme brutality of the police, smashing heads with clubs, throwing people down concrete stairs, pulling women by their hair -- all because of a sit in to support civil rights, something the USA was supposed to stand for.HippiesThe hippie subculture is a youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world. The hippies inherited the countercultural values of the Beat Generation, created their own communities, listened to psychedelic (引起幻觉的) rock, embraced the sexual revolution, and used drugs such as cannabis (大麻) and LSD to explore alternative states of consciousness.Popular CultureThe rise of the counterculture movement, particularly among the youth, created a huge market for rock, soul, pop, reggae and blues music produced by drug-culture, influenced bands such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix Experience etc, also for radical music in the folk tradition pioneered by Bob Dylan in the United States, and in England, Donovan was helping to create folk rock.The counterculture movement had a significant effect on cinema. Movies began to break social taboos such as sex and violence causing both controversy and fascination. They turned increasingly dramatic, unbalanced, and hectic (发热的)as the cultural revolution was starting. This was the beginning of the New Hollywood era that dominated the next decade in theatres and revolutionized the movie industry. Films of this time also focused on the changes happening in the world. Dennis Hopper’s Easy Rider (1969) focused on the drug culture of the time. Movies also became more sexually explicit as the counterculture progressed.The Western Europe in the 1960sMass socialist or Communist movement in most European countries (particularly France and Italy), with which the student-based new left was able to forge a connection. The most spectacular manifestation of this was the May student revolt of 1968 in Paris that linked up with a general strike of ten million workers called by the trade unions; and for a few days seemed capable of overthrowing the government of Charles de Gaulle. De Gaulle went off to visit. French troops in Germany to check on their loyalty. Major concessions were won for trade union rights, higher minimum wages and better working conditions. University students protested in their hundreds of thousands in London, Paris, Berlin and Rome with the huge crowds that protested against the Vietnam War.Step 1 Warming up activitiesWork in pairs and discuss the questions:1.What do you think student life was like in the 1960s?Based of what you’ve got about thelife in the 1960s and life today, how do you think the life of young people has changed? Universities in China were closed for quite a few years in the 1960s.Before they were closed in about 1967, student life was quite peaceful and intellectual, although students were sent to the countryside to help with political movements.In the 1960s, young people aboard get themselves involved in seeking freedom and justice while young people today are mainly concerned about how to improve their chances of being competitive in the employment market.a means to an end?An end in itself →→→to train people to create thinking and thingsTo transmit theories, knowledge and skillsA means to an end →→give students the necessary abilities to survive in the real world & to Contribute to society3.What factors influenced your university and the courses you are doing?Learning environment↑interests ←factors →teaching staff↓quality of courses offeredWork in groups . Choose one or two aspects of student life to talk about how student life is different from what you expected.These could include:intellectual developmentliving conditions including foodthe learning facilities such as libraries, labs and computer centresrecreational and sports facilitiesthe roles of the student union and student societiesfinance and work opportunities etc.Step 2 text organizationText OrganizationTopicCollege: special?Students in the 1960s Students todayConclusionCollege isn ’t special any more.Step 3 Group worksWork in groups. Group 1 read Paras. 1-4 to check the true statements about the 1960s.1.Students at the University of California, Berkeley did not protest.2.Students in Europe and the US spent a lot of time protesting. （T）3.There was violence on university campuses in Europe.4.Students and workers went on strike together in France. （T）5.The UK Prime Minister had to resign because of student protests.6.Students discovered a sense of freedom on campus. （T）Group 2 read Paras. 5-7 to check the true statements about the UK today.7.More young people than ever go to university. （T）8.Most students fail to complete their studies.9.International students are more interested in lifestyle than quality of courses.10.Students need their parents for financial help. （T）11.Students don’t contact their parents as often as they used to.12.Students don’t enjoy university life as much as they used to.（T）Step 4:SummarizingSummarize the text by filling the blanks:What are the most important issue for students today?Is the university campus__really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago?For the students in the 1960s,going to college was the most _exciting and stimulating__experience of their life.They took part in protests_and launched _strikes__against the establishment with their new passionate__commitment to freedom and justice.Going to college also meant their first__taste__and real freedom.They could discuss the meaning of life,read the first _forbidden___book and see their first indie film.In contrast, the students today don’t have the _passion___for college life they used to .Today, college is seen as a kind of small town from which people are _keen___to escape.Instead of the __heady__atmosphere of freedom which students discovered in the 1960s,students today are much more __serious_.College has become _a means to an end__, an opportunity to improve their ___prospects__of being competitive in the __employment___market,and not an end in itself_.where students have the _opportunity_to learn to think for themselves._Step 4 Words to note1. clash n. a fight or battle between two groups of people; a very angry argument between two people or groupsComplete the sentences with appropriate prepositions.1.Yesterday saw violent clashes _between_ police and protesters.2.The prime minister faces a clash _with_ business leaders tomorrow.3.His T-shirt clashes __with_ his shorts.4. A lot of problems have been caused by a clash __of__ cultures.2. establishmentn. 1) the most important and powerful people in a country or in a section of society2) the process of starting or creating something such as an organizationFigure out the meaning of underlined words.1.The literary establishment generally looks down on artists. 文学界权威2.John was eager to establish good relations with the business community. 与······建立良好关系3.Reagan quickly established himself as a promising film actor. 使自己成为······4.It’s an old established family firm. 老牌的3. protestn. (1) a strong complaint or disagreement(2) something such as a meeting by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc.Figure out the meaning of underlined words.1.The organization has made a formal protest against the nuclear testing. 抗议, 反对2.We cannot pass this matter by without protest. 不反对地,乐意地3.The decision raised/provoked a storm of protest among students. 引起一片抗议的风暴4.I went to the doctor under protest. 不情愿地4. launch v. to start a major activityTranslate the expressions.发射人造卫星launch a man-made satellite2.创办一个新企业launch a new enterprise3.发起攻击launch an attack4.发起一次活动launch a campaign5.将新产品投放市场launch a new product5. characterize v. to be a typical quality or feature of someone or something.Complete the sentences with the words in the column.character characterize characterization characteristic (1) Ambition is a __characteristic__ of all successful businessmen.(2) Competitive sport helps to develop one’s _character. (3) The 1980s were __characterized_ by high inflation and high employment.(4) They portray him as a weak leader, bu t I don’t think that’s a fair _characterization_.6. employment n. work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or companyComplete the sentences with the words in the column.1. His _employer_ has increased his salary.2. After graduation, she found __employment__ with a local finance company.3. The boss struck off 100 dollars from the salary of the _employee_ as fine.4. Jean was _employed_ by the company as a computer programmer.7. prospectn. 1) the possibility that sth. will happen, especially something good2) chances of success, esp. in a job or careerCorrect the following sentences.1. Doctor says there is few (little) prospect of any improvement in his condition.2. Your employment prospect (prospects) would be much better if you finished your degree.3. The new job brings good prospects of (for) the future.8. obscureadj. 1) not clearly expressed or not easy to understand2) not known about or not well knownTranslate the following sentences.1. The poem is obscure to those unlearned in the classics.这首诗歌在不懂古典诗作的人看来是费解的。