2013年合工大研究生综合英语词汇
2013考研英语基础词汇(阅读必会词汇)
词汇UNIT11. bacterium n.细菌2. badge n.徽章标记、标识象征3. cab n. 出租马车，出租汽车4. cabinet n. 橱柜内阁5. cable n.电报电缆钢丝绳v. 拍电报6. camp n. 野营帐篷阵营vi. 设营宿营7. dairy n.牛奶店8. damp adj.有湿气的潮湿的vt. 使减弱抑制9. eager a.渴望的热切的10. earnest a.认真的诚挚的11. ebb n. 退潮落潮衰落v. 退潮落潮减少衰落on the ebb——正在减弱at a low ebb——处于低潮期12. fabric n.织物结构组织13. fabulous a.极为巨大的极好的绝妙的神话的14. facilitate v.使变得（更）容易，是便利15. facility n.灵巧熟练设备设施16. faculty n.才能学院系全体教学人员17. fail v.衰退减弱破产失败不及格18. gage n.标准尺寸规格量规量表19. gain v.获得博得增加n. 获益增加20. gallery n.画廊美术馆21. garage n.车库飞机库修理厂22. garbage n.垃圾无用的信息无聊的话23. gasp n.喘气喘息v. 喘息喘着气说话gasp for 渴望gasp sth. out 上气不接下气的说24. gaze v.（at）凝视注视n. 凝视注视25. hall n.礼堂办公大楼门厅26. halt n. v.（进行中的）止步暂时停顿（正式）27. pause n.v.暂停中止（有再次进行继续进行的含义）28. cease vi.停止,终止[(+from)] 停止,结束[+to-v][+v-ing]n. 停息（强调逐渐结束永久终止）29. quit 停止做某事一般用于口语30. gear n.齿轮传动装置v. （to）使适应适合31. handy a.手边的附近的方便的32. ideology n.思想意识观念形态思想方式ideological 意识形态的33. ignorance n.无知愚昧（of）不知道对。
研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理
Unit11.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者）4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人）7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college.19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority.20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee.Unit21.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a courseof action冒险尝试5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相7.pastel:a.a pale andsubduedshadeor color轻淡柔和的色彩8.taffeta:n.a plain-weave glossysilk塔夫绸9.consignment:n.the action of entrusting goodsor saleor custody托运；托运的货物10.entourage:n.a group of people in attendance on or accompany someoneimportant随从；随行人员11.groomsman:n.a male friend officially attending the bridegroom at a wedding男傧相；伴郎12.courtship:n.the activity or period of courting a woman with a view to marriage 求爱期；追求期13.publicist:n.a personwho promotesor advertisessomething宣传人员；宣传代理人14.monomaniacal:a.characterizedby mental illness in which a personis dominatedby oneirrational setof ideas对某事狂热的；偏执狂的15.pharmacist:n.a personskilled or engagedin pharmacy;a personwho preparesordispenses medicine药剂师16.whine:v.to utter a subduedhigh-pitched prolonged cry of distressor complaint 哀诉；诉怨17.thwart:v.to run counter to,go against,oppose,hinder阻挠；阻止；对……构成阻力18.cathedral:n.any important,large and imposing church总教堂；大教堂19.quarantine:v.to isolate someoneor something that hasjust arrived from overseasor hasbeenexposedto infection对……进行检疫隔离20.petite:a.of small stature,chiefly of a woman or girl（女孩和妇女）娇小的21.brim:v.[with]to be or becomefull to the edge注满22.navigate:v.to direct,manage,steer给船舶、飞机等引航；导航23.eerily:adv.fearfully or gloomily引起神秘感或害怕地24.reminiscent:a.suggestiveor reminding(someone)提醒的；暗示的；像……的；使回忆起……的25.drab:a.dull or lifeless无生气的；乏味的；单调的26.relentlessly:adv.insistently and uncompromisingly不懈地；不屈不挠地；持续不断地27.dank:a.unpleasantlydamp and cold阴湿的；阴冷的28.tattered:a.torn or ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的29.prognosis:n.a prediction of the likely outcome of a disease预后（指医生对疾病结果的预测）30.trickle:v.to drip or run with tears滴；淌；细流31.decadent:a.declining or decaying(from a stateof excellenceor prosperity)堕落的；颓废的32.incision:n.a division madeby cutting,as onemadeduring surgery切开；切口33.bolster:v.to support and strengthen支持；鼓励（某人）；改善；加强（某事物）34.chemo:n.the treatment of disease,esp.infection or cancer,by means ofchemicals化疗35.poach:v.to cook an egg without the shell in simmering,or over boiling,water水煮（荷包蛋）36.consummately:pletely,to the highestdegree完全地；至上地37.myriad:n.countlessnumber无数；极大数量38.protrude:v.to extendor stick out伸出；突出39.raspy:a.harsh刺耳的；焦躁的；易怒的40.matrimonial a.of or pertaining to marriage婚姻的41.We should be truly thankful to Mr.Deng Xiaoping for taking the plunge andinitiating the economic reform in China.42.What is the useof whining about your bad luck?It is more important to find thereal causeof your misfortune.43.The rising real estateprices thwarted his ambition of owning a houseof his ownin the big city.Disappointed,he returnedto his hometown.44.He writes clearly and lightheartedly about the100best rivers and gives his expertadviceon how to navigate their reaches.Unit31.disingenuousness:n.slight dishonestyand lack of sincerity不老实2.withering a.(of a look or remark,etc.)scornful or contemptuous(神情、话语）尖刻的3.endorsev.to expressformal supportor approval赞同；认可；支持（意见、活动、某人等）4.sequentiala.following in order of time or place按次序的；相继的；构成连续镜头的；顺序的；序列的5.testimony n.written or spoken statementdeclaring that sth is true,esp one madeunderoath（法庭上证人的）证词6.nicotine n.poisonousoily substancefound in tobacco尼古丁；烟碱7.the better part of:the majority of;the biggest part of大部分；主要部分8.sophisticationn.quality of being sophisticated老练，复杂9.allure n.a mysterious,exciting,or desirablequality诱惑力；魅力10.extol v.(fml.)to praisehighly赞颂；赞扬；赞美11.clad a.dressed;clothed穿衣的12.pathology n.scientific study of diseases of the body病理（学）13.perverse a.deliberately or stubbornly turning away from what is reasonableorrequired错误的；荒谬的；反常的14.exoneratev.(sb.from sth.):to declaresb.free from blame使免罪；免除15.epidemiological a.connectedwith the study of the way diseasesspread,and howto control them流行病学的ndmark n.an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage里程碑，地标17.bronchogenica.deriving from the bronchial tubes产生于支气管的；影响支气管的18.surrogaten.(fml)personor thing that actsor is usedinsteadof another;substitute 替代；代理19.deride v.to treatsb./sth.asfunny andnot worthy of seriousattention取笑；嘲笑20.exhaustively adv.very thoroughly;completely用尽一切地rmal written businesscommunication（备忘的）记录22.disinformation n.false information,intendedto mislead故意的假情报23.obfuscatev.to make(sth.)confusedor difficult to understand使模糊；使混乱24.spike v.to fastenor furnish with spikes把尖状物钉入25.racketeering n.making money from illegal activities such as threatening peopleor selling worthless,immoral,or illegal goodsor services.敲诈勒索；诈骗26.gagglen.a group of people,especially thosethat are noisy or disorganized散乱的一群，缺乏组织的团体27.skeptic n.a personwho hasdoubtsaboutthings that other peoplebelieve怀疑者28.defraudv.to get sth.from sb.by deception;cheatsb.诈取；骗取29.pandemicn.a diseasethat affects many people over a very wide area（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病30.advocacyn.public support for a courseof action支持；拥护；鼓吹；（对某思想、行动方针、信念的）拥护；支持；提倡31.After the police released their report,John was exonerated from allresponsibility for the accident.32.In a speechat the Congress,the president extolled the virtues of free enterpriseandexpressed his distastefor the blatant hegemonyin IT industry.33.I endorse everything that has been said from both sides of the House in supportand admiration of him and of the courageand fortitude that he and his family have displayed.34.The poor woman was defrauded of her money by a dishonestaccountant.Unit4favor and 1.blessing n.thing that one is glad of,thing that brings happiness;God’ｓprotection祝福；祷告2.curse n.causeof evil,harm,destruction,etc.诅咒；咒骂；祸端3.chitchat n.(infml.)chat;gossip闲谈；聊天4.detritus n.a weekly hard rock and heavy metal e-zine featuring news,reviews,rumors,special reports,andmore花边消息5.suck v.(slang)If someonesaysthat something sucks,they are indicating that theythink it is very bad;somepeoplefind this useoffensive.令人不愉快；令人讨厌6.con a.(slang)哄骗的7.harry v.to annoy(sb.)with repeatedrequests,questions,etc.harass掠夺；使…苦恼；侵掠8.snoopv.to searchor investigatein a persistentandsecretiveway窥伺；打听9.shrivel v.to(causesth.to)shrink and wrinkle from heat,cold or dryness枯萎；干枯；皱缩rge number(of questions,criticisms,etc.)delivered quickly,one afterthe other一连串的批评11.nanosecond n.毫微秒（时间单位）12.catalyst n.personor thing that causesa change催化剂；刺激因素13.mind-boggling a.(infml.)alarming;extraordinary or astonishing令人难以置信的14.cook up:(infml.)to invent sth.,esp.in order to deceive编造；伪构；谋划15.hasslev.to harass(sb.);to bother与…争辩；不断骚扰16.irreconcilable a.that cannotbe reconciled不能和解的；不能协调的；矛盾的17.salvagev.to save,rescue海上救助；打捞；抢救18.far-flung a.spreadover a wide area;distributed widely辽阔的；漫长的；遥远的19.visceral a.(fig.,fml.)(of feelings,etc.)not rational;instinctive（感情等）非理性的；直觉的20.peck v.to strike sth.with the beak啄；啄食21.lust n.strong sexualdesire;intensedesirefor sth.贪欲；欲望；色欲22.hierarchy n.system with gradesof authority or status from lowest to the highest 等级制度；层级；统治集团23.buffer n.country or area between two powerful states,lessening the risk of warbetweenthem缓冲；缓冲区24.purveyor n.personor firm that supplies goodsor services供应商25.spewv.to vomit;to sendout in a stream喷出；涌出；呕吐；吐出26.vile a.extremely disgusting;despicableon moral grounds恶劣的；简陋的；低廉的psen.a temporary lack of sth.such asconcentration or judgment暂时失去某物（如注意力、判断力等）28.gentility n.genteelmannersand behavior有教养；文雅；出身高贵29.lowercasea.Lowercase letters are small letters,not capital letters.用小写字母排印等的30.run amok:to rush about in a wild and angry frenzy横行；胡作非为；乱冲乱杀31.cobbletogether:to put sth.togetheror makesth.hastily or clumsily拙劣地修补32.snippy a.(infml)尖刻的；言语唐突的33.archive n.(pl)historical documentsor records档案；档案馆34.curator n.personin chargeof a museum,an art gallery,etc.博物馆长35.bemoanv.to show sorrow for or complain about(sb./sth.)悲叹；为…惋惜；认为遗憾36.muster v.to gain sth.by collecting it from other people or by drawing it fromwithin oneself;summon sth.up集合；收集；鼓起；激起37.multitude n.extremely large numberof peopleor things多数；群众38.spurn.thing that urgesa personon to greateractivity;incentive刺激；鞭策39.It is certainly undemocratic,and many peopleare beginning to feel that it borderson the unconstitutional.sheremarks,“yet it is just the desire to explain 40.“No t heory explains everything,”everything which is the spur of theory.”41.The archaeologist in the film knew that there was a curse upon anyone whoenteredthe pyramid.42.A real love song is infinitely more appropriate for Christmas than a trashy songcookedup as a commercial gimmick.Unit51.innovation n.the processof making improvements by introducing sth.new;theactof introducing sth.new;sth.newly introduced创新的过程新方法，新技术：新介绍的东西2.define v.to show clearly the edgeof sth.清楚地显示出轮廓3.quantifiable a.can be quantified,measuredcapableof being quantified可以计量的4.rocket v.to move extremely quickly非常快速地运动5.conundrum n.a problem that is difficult to deal with难以解决的问题6.craft v.to make(sth.)skillfully,esp.by hand精工制作（某物）（尤指用手工）7.flummox v.to bewilder,confuseor disconcert(sb.)使（某人）迷惑、糊涂或仓皇失措8.malaise n.a generalfeeling of bad health or lack of energy,or an uncomfortablefeeling that something is wrong(esp.with society)and a lack of ability to changethe situation微恙；不适，莫名的不安9.stagnation n.(fig.)stateof showing no activity停滞10.yearning n.strong desire,tender longing强烈的愿望，渴望11.incentive n.thing that encouragessb.to do sth.;stimulus激励某人做某事的事物，刺激，奖励12.provocative a.tending or intended to arouseanger,annoyance,controversy,etc.激起愤怒、恼恨、争论等的；挑衅的；煽动性的13.perpetual a.continuing indefinitely;permanent永久的14.ingenuity n.clevernessand originality in solving problems聪明，原创性地解决问题15.put a finger on sth.to know the reason for sth.,esp.sth.that is a problem;identify precisely or point out(an error,the causeof a problem,etc.)知道某事的理由（特别是问题），精确地发现或指出问题所在16.lend oneself to:to allow oneself to be associatedwith sth.;adapt oneself or setoneselfup to betreatedin a specialway同意参与；适合于17.raison d’etre(French)a basic,essentialpurpose;a reasonto exist,reasonfor orexistence存在的目的或理由justification of sb.’ｓ/sth.’ｓ18.green innovation:innovation which helps to protect the environment保护环境的创新19.I think you’ve just put your finger on the biggest problem facing theConservativeparty in this election.20.Flummoxing by the surreality of history and the mind-boggling changesunleashedin the60s,many writers in that era became minimalists,withdrawing,turtlelike,inside their own homesand heads.21.According to a survey of college graduatesrecently releasedby the government’ｓCouncil of Labor Affairs(CLA),the average starting monthly salary for collegegraduatesin2006decreased,which revealsstagnation in economy.22.Girls from dalit families,the lowest in the caste hierarchy in India have theyearning for formal school education.Unit61.reiterate:v.to say or do again or repeatedly再次或反覆说或做（某事物）2.benign:a.tending to exert a beneficial influence;favorable易于产生有益影响的，有利的3.transcend:v.to passbeyond the limits of:超出……的限度4.unprecedented:a.neverhaving happenedor existedin thepast无先例的,空前的5.resilience:n.the ability to recover quickly from illness,change,or misfortune迅速从变化中恢复过来的能力6.disruptive:a.causing trouble and therefore stopping sth.from continuing as usual 破裂的，分裂的7.skyrocket:v.to rise or causeto rise rapidly and suddenly迅速和突然地升高或使升高xity:n.thestateor quality of being lax松弛的状态或性质9.fiscal:a.of or relating to finance or finances财政的或与财政有关的10.incur:v.to experience something,usually sth.unpleasant,as a result of actionsyou have taken遭受；蒙受；招致；引起11.intensification:n.action that makessth.strongeror more extreme激烈化12.array:v.to arrangea group of things in a particular way为展示或使用而部署13.folly:n.stupidity,or a stupid action,idea,etc.愚行，荒唐事14.adversity:n.a difficult or unlucky situation or event逆境，困难或苦恼的状态，不幸15.rigor:n.sth.that is hardto endure艰难的或难堪的情形，困境16.dissipate:v.to(causeto)gradually disappearor waste使消散，驱散，弱到或几乎弱到消失的程度17.embody:v.to representa quality or an ideaexactly体现，代表18.covenant:n.a binding agreement;a compact盟约，契约，有约束力的协议19.bypass:v.to ignore a rule or official authority为图省事而不顾规则20.conflagration:n.alarge and violent event,such asa war,involving a lot of people 大型暴力事件，如战争21.subdue:v.to reduce the force of sth.,or to prevent something from existing ordeveloping抑制，克制；使变得缓和，降低22.revealing:a.showing or making known透露内情的，允许一瞥了知的23.vilify:v.to say or write unpleasantthings about sb.or sth.,in order to causeotherpeopleto have abad opinion of them污蔑，诋毁，中伤（某人）24.whenit comesto:when the topic is picked up25.more frequently than not:it occurs quite often that,alsomore often than not26.In the following week,the question reiterated itself in his mind,but he wasincapableof answering it.27.We were very rapidly using up a certain kind of irreplaceable asset,namely thetolerancemarginswhich our benign naturealways provides.28.We apologize for the sluggishness of TypePad-poweredsites this morning,andcausingit.we’re working to resolvethe hardwareproblem that’ｓ29.The conceptthat peopleareborn equalis embodiedin theAmerican Constitution.Unit71.cult:n.sb.or sth.that has become very popular with a particular group of people 在特定人群中变得流行的人或事物2.tenure:n.the right to remain permanently in a job永久地保有其职位的权利3.stardom:n.fame名望，名气4.waffle:v.to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clearanswers胡乱地说或写5.–mongering(suffix,mainly disapproving)encouraging a particular activity,especiallyone which causestrouble（前缀，多贬义）促进某种行为的（尤其是会导致麻烦的行为6.arguably:adv.possibly可能地7.blockbuster:n.(infml.)a book or film that is very successful,especially becauseofits exciting contents成功的书或电影（尤其是因为内容精彩）8.paste:v.to move a pieceof text to a particular place in a computer document（电脑）粘贴9.mollify:v.(fml.)to make sb.feel lessangry and upsetabout sth.使（某人）息怒；使平静；抚慰10.dire:a.very seriousor extreme很严重11.overseer:n.a person whose job is to make certain that employeesare working orthat anactivity is being donecorrectly监督或指导他人工作的人12.hurl:v.to utter vehemently感情激烈地说出13.savage:v.to criticize sb.severely激烈抨击14.flatulence:n.self-importance;pomposity自大；自负15.squabble:n.petty or noisy quarrel吵闹和争执16.exalted:a.having a very high rank andhighly respected崇高的，高贵的17.till:v.to prepareland for growing crops[=cultivate]耕种18.pontificate:v.to speak or write and give your opinion about sth.as if you kneweverything about it and asif only your opinion was correct武断地或自封为权威地谈论某事物19.ghost-writer:n.sb.who is paid to write a book or story for another person,whothensaysit is their own work影子写手；捉刀人personal 20.memoir:n.(pl.)a book or other piece of writing based on the writer’ｓknowledge of famous people,placesor events（个人生活与经历的）回忆录;自传21.hustle:v.to do sth.with a lot of energyand determination努力地做某事22.moonlight:v.(infml.)to have a secondjob in addition to your main job从事第二职业：作为某人全职工作的额外工作去做另一份工作23.short-change:v.to treat sb.unfairly by not giving them what they deserveor hopedfor未给以公正的报答或酬劳24.ostentatious:a.too obviously showing your money,possessionsor power,in anattempt to make other people notice and admire you为了让别人注意或羡慕自己，故意显示自己的钱，所有物或力量25.ludicrous:a.stupid or unreasonableand deservingto be laughed at;ridiculous可笑的；荒唐的；愚蠢的26.vista:n.an awarenessof a range of time,events,or subjects;a broad mental view 回顾或展望的一连串情景、事情等27.populist:n.relating to or presenting ordinary people,rather than rich orhighly-educatedpeople平民主义者28.trash:v.(infml.)to criticize sth.or sb.severely搞垮，贬低29.besettingsin:n.aparticularly badfeature or habit(often usedhumorously)恶习proposalsas well as Liberal’s.30.The professor trashesConservative’ｓ31.Politicians are always pontificating abouteducation.32.He was askedto bethe overseerof the project.33.He hurled a chair acrossthe set,smashingthe lamps and vases.Unit81.bound: a.going or ready to go towards somewhere前往或准备前往一个特定方向的2.tribute:n.an act,statementor gift that is intended to show gratitude,respectoradmiration表示敬意或称赞的行动、言语或礼物3.chivalry:n.the medieval knightly systemwith its religious expectationof an idealknight,esp.courage,honor,courtesy,justice,and a readinessto help the weak骑士制度（中世纪的）；骑士精神（如勇气、荣誉感、谦恭及扶助弱小等）4.reverent a.feeling or showing deepand solemn respect虔敬的；恭敬的5.rally v.(of troops)to come together again in order to continue fighting after adefeator dispersion召集，集合6.forlorn a.(of an aim or endeavor)unlikely to succeedor be fulfilled;hopeless 无望的，几乎没有希望的；绝望的7.custodian n.personwho hasresponsibility for or looks after sth.掌管某事物的人opinions,decisions,etc.不屈8.unbending a.unable or unwilling to changeone’ｓ服的，坚定的9.spur n.a thing that prompts or encouragessomeone;an incentive刺激，鞭策10.eulogy n.(a speechor piece of writing containing)high praise,usu.for apersonor their qualities称颂，赞美11.relentless a.continuously severeor cruel冷酷的，狠心的12.torrential a.causedby or like a violently rushing stream由急流引起的，似急流的13.desolation n.a stateof complete emptinessor destruction废墟：处于荒芜的状态14.indomitable a.too strong and brave to bediscouraged不可屈服的；不可战胜的15.haze n.a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere,typically causedby finesuspended particles烟雾（造成能见度降低的大气潮气、尘埃、烟雾以及水汽）16.gaunt a.(of a person)lean and haggard,especially because of suffering,hunger,or age（指人）（因饥饿或疾病）憔悴的,骨瘦如柴的17.ghastly a.causinggreathorror or fear;extremely unwell可怕的；恐怖的18.perpetuate v.to makecontinue indefinitely使无限期地延续下去19.promulgate v.to promote or makewidely known宣扬（某事物）20.serene a.calm,peaceful,and untroubled;tranquil安详的，不受干扰所影响的；平静和安定的21.gladiator n.(in ancient Rome)an armedman who fought againstmen or wildanimalsin a public place asa form of entertainment格斗者，角斗士22.guidepost n.a sign giving information such asthe direction and distanceto anearbytown,typically found at a road junction路标23.beacon n.a tall object or a light on or near the shore,acting as guide orwarning to sailors灯塔；灯标24.monger n.a person who promotes a specified activity,situation or feeling,especially one that is undesirable or discreditable经营某一特定商品的商人,促成某一令人不快或不光彩的事发展的人25.ominous a.giving a warning of sth.bad that is going to happen预兆的或成为预兆的（特别是坏的预兆的）26.tint n.a paleor delicateshadeof a color;slight degreeof a color色调27.We must give tribute to all thosewho helpedmake this a free country.28.The new residential blocks were skillfully integrated with the rest of the Collegeto form a pleasing,self-containedwhole.encouragementwas the spur he neededto succeed.29.His wife’ｓ。
研究生学术综合英语帝单元单词
研究生学术综合英语帝单元单词1, sector ['sekt?]n. 部门；扇形，扇区；象限仪；函数尺vt. 把…分成扇形2, breed [bri:d]vi. 繁殖；饲养；产生vt. 繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起n. 品种；种类，类型3, fragile ['fr?d?ail]adj. 脆的；易碎的4, byproduct ['bai,pr?d?kt]n. 副产品5, misappropriation ['mis?'pr?upri'ei??n] n. 侵吞；滥用6, kickback ['k ikb?k]n. 回扣，佣金；强烈反应；退回赃物7, legitimacy [li'd?itim?si]n. 合法；合理；正统8, content ['k?ntent]n. 内容，目录；满足；容量adj. 满意的vt. 使满足9, systemic [si'stemik, -'sti:-]adj. 系统的；全身的；体系的10, cynicism ['sini,siz?m]n. 玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽11, enact [i'n?kt]vt. 颁布；制定法律；扮演12, prohibitingv. 禁止（prohibit的ing形式）13, bribery ['braib?ri]n. [法] 贿赂；受贿；行贿14, extortion [ik'st?:??n]n. 勒索；敲诈；强夺；被勒索的财物15, promulgate ['pr?m?lɡeit, pr?u'm?l-]vt. 公布；传播；发表16, cooperation [k?u,?p?'rei??n]n. 合作，协作；[劳经] 协力17, corporation [,k?:p?'rei??n]n. 公司；法人（团体）；社团；大腹便便；市政当局18, implement ['implim?nt, 'impliment]vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效n. 工具，器具；手段19, advocacy ['?dv?k?si]n. 主张；拥护；辩护20, underlying [,?nd?'laii?]adj. 潜在的；根本的；在下面的；优先的v. 放在…的下面；为…的基础；优先于（underlie的ing形式）21, rhetoric ['ret?rik]n. 修辞，修辞学；华丽的词藻adj. 花言巧语的22, recognition [,rek?g'ni??n]n. 识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认23, demonstrably ['dem?nstr?bli]adv. 可论证地；明确地24, deleterious [,deli'ti?ri?s]adj. 有毒的，有害的25, consequence ['k?nsi,kw?ns]n. 结果；重要性；推论26, pundit ['p?ndit]n. 博学者；梵文学者27, efficient [i'fi??nt]adj. 有效率的；有能力的；生效的28, corrective [k?'rektiv]adj. 矫正的；惩治的n. 矫正物；改善法29, inevitable [in'evit?bl]adj. 必然的，不可避免的30, intractable [in'tr?kt?bl]adj. 棘手的；难治的；倔强的；不听话的31, distort [dis't?:t]vt. 扭曲；使失真；曲解vi. 扭曲；变形32, undermine [,?nd?'main]vt. 破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基33, rule [ru:l]vi. 统治；管辖；裁定n. 统治；规则vt. 统治；规定；管理；裁决；支配34, corrode [k?'r?ud]vt. 侵蚀；损害vi. 受腐蚀；起腐蚀作用35, integrity [in'teɡr?ti]n. 完整；正直；诚实；廉正36, barrier ['b?ri?]n. 障碍物，屏障；界线vt. 把…关入栅栏37, kleptocracy [klep't?kr?si]n. 盗贼统治38, quantify ['kw?ntifai]vt. 量化；为…定量；确定数量vi. 量化；定量39, estimate ['estimeit]vi. 估计，估价n. 估计，估价；判断，看法vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价40, trillion ['trilj?n]n. [数] 万亿adj. 万亿的num. [数] 万亿41, bribes赃物42, bribe [braib]vt. 贿赂，收买vi. 行贿n. 贿赂43, embezzlement [im'bezlm?nt] n. 侵占；挪用；盗用44, annually ['?nju?li]adv. 每年；一年一次45, committee [k?'miti]n. 委员会46, scheme [ski:m]n. 计划；组合；体制；诡计vi. 搞阴谋；拟订计划vt. 计划；策划47, drumbeat ['dr?mbi:t]n. 鼓声；打鼓声48, scandal ['sk?nd?l]n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤49, credibility [,kredi'bil?ti]n. 可信性；确实性50, momentum [m?u'ment?m]n. 势头；[物] 动量；动力；冲力51, critical ['kritik?l]adj. 鉴定的；[核] 临界的；批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的52, broad [br?:d]adj. 宽的，辽阔的；显著的；大概的n. 宽阔部分adv. 宽阔地53, lengthy ['le?θi]adj. 漫长的，冗长的；啰唆的54, discretionary [dis'kre??n?ri]adj. 任意的；自由决定的55, authority [?:'θ?r?ti]n. 权威；权力；当局56, petty ['peti]adj. 琐碎的；小气的；小规模的57, dynamic [dai'n?mik]adj. 动态的；动力的；动力学的；有活力的n. 动态；动力58, fundfund: 基金 | 资金 | 现款59, host [h?ust]n. [计] 主机；主人；主持人；许多vt. 主持；当主人招待vi. 群集；做主人60, tackle ['t?kl]n. 滑车；装备；用具；扭倒vt. 处理；抓住；固定；与…交涉vi. 扭倒；拦截抢球61, priority [prai'?r?ti]n. 优先；优先权；[数] 优先次序；优先考虑的事62, pursue [p?'sju:, -'su:]vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠vi. 追赶；继续进行63, misconduct [,mis'k?nd?kt, ,misk?n'd?kt] n. 不端行为；处理不当vt. 处理不当；行为不检64, investigate [in'vestiɡeit]v. 调查；研究65, prosecute ['pr?sikju:t]vt. 检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行vi. 起诉；告发；作检察官66, legislation [,led?is'lei??n]n. 立法；法律67, administrative [?d'ministr?tiv]adj. 管理的，行政的68, regulation [,reɡju'lei??n]n. 管理；规则；校准adj. 规定的；平常的69, choke [t??uk]vt. 呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭vi. 窒息；阻塞；说不出话来n. 窒息；噎；[动力] 阻气门70, practice ['pr?ktis]n. 实践；练习；惯例vi. 练习；实习；实行vt. 练习；实习；实行71, ombudsmen ['?mbudzm?n, ?m'budzm?n]n. 监察员；民政专员72, whistleblower告发者；检举者73, transparent [tr?ns'p?r?nt, -'pε?-, tr?nz-, trɑ:n-] adj. 透明的；显然的；坦率的；易懂的74, procurement [pr?u'kju?m?nt]n. 采购；获得，取得75, accounting [?'kaunti?]n. 会计，会计学；帐单v. 解释（account的ing形式）；叙述76, auditing ['?:diti?]n. 审计；[审计] 查帐v. 审计；查账（audit的现在分词）77, requirement [ri'kwai?m?nt]n. 要求；必要条件；必需品78, entity ['ent?ti]n. 实体；存在；本质79, reform [ri'f?:m]n. 改革，改良；改正vt. 改革，革新；重新组成vi. 重组；改过adj. 改革的；改革教会的80, institution [,insti'tju:??n]n. 制度；建立；（社会或宗教等）公共机构；习俗81, institutional [,insti'tju:??n?l]adj. 制度的；制度上的；学会的82, design [di'zain]vt. 设计；计划；构思n. 设计；图案vi. 设计83, compliance [k?m'plai?ns]n. 顺从，服从；承诺84, beneficiary [,beni'fi??ri]n. [金融] 受益人，受惠者；封臣adj. 拥有封地的；受圣俸的85, inimical [i'nimik?l]adj. 敌意的；有害的86, repugnant [ri'p?ɡn?nt]adj. 讨厌的；矛盾的；敌对的87, accountable [?'kaunt?bl]adj. 有责任的；有解释义务的；可解释的88, durable ['dju?r?bl]adj. 耐用的，持久的n. 耐用品89, dimension [di'men??n, dai-]n. [数] 维；尺寸；次元；容积vt. 标出尺寸adj. 规格的90, norm [n?:m]n. 规范，基准；定额，分配之工作量91, financial [fai'n?n??l] adj. 金融的；财政的，财务的92, discipline ['disiplin]n. 学科；纪律；训练；惩罚vt. 训练，训导；惩戒93, operational [,?p?'rei??n?l] adj. 操作的；运作的94, perspective [p?'spektiv]n. 观点；远景；透视图adj. 透视的95, oppose [?'p?uz]vt. 反对；对抗，抗争vi. 反对96, conditioning [k?n'di??ni?]n. 调节；条件作用；整修v. 以…为条件（condition的ing形式）97, loan [l?un]n. 贷款；借款vi. 借出vt. 借；借给98, grant [ɡrɑ:nt, ɡr?nt]vt. 授予；允许；承认vi. 同意n. 拨款；[法] 授予物99, commitment [k?'mitm?nt]n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身100, ultimately ['?ltim?tli] adv. 最后；根本；基本上101, morally ['m?r?li, 'm?:-] adv. 道德上；有道德地；确实地102, welfare ['welfε?]n. 福利；幸福；福利事业；安宁adj. 福利的；接受社会救济的103, estrange [i'streind?]vt. 使疏远；离间104, plague [pleiɡ]n. 瘟疫；灾祸；麻烦；讨厌的人vt. 折磨；使苦恼；使得灾祸105, starvation [stɑ:'vei??n]n. 饿死；挨饿；绝食106, assumption [?'s?mp??n]n. 假定；设想；担任；采取107, influential [,influ'en??l]adj. 有影响的；有势力的108, dramatic [dr?'m?tik,-k?l]adj. 戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的109, infant ['inf?nt]n. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人adj. 婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的；未成年的110, mortality [m?:'t?l?ti]n. 死亡数，死亡率；必死性，必死的命运111, replacement [ri'pleism?nt]n. 更换；复位；代替者；补充兵员112, outnumber [,aut'n?mb?]vt. 数目超过；比…多113, sponsor ['sp?ns?]n. 赞助者；主办者；保证人vt. 赞助；发起114, procreate ['pr?ukrieit]vi. 生育（子女）；产生vt. 生殖115, incentive [in'sentiv]n. 动机；刺激adj. 激励的；刺激的116, explicitly [ik'splisitli]adv. 明确地；明白地117, pronatalist [pr?u'neit?list]adj. 鼓励提高人口出生率的；多生育主义者的n. 主张提高人口出生率的人；多生育主义者118, otherwise ['?e?waiz]adv. 否则；另外；在其他方面adj. 另外的；其他方面的119, imperial [im'pi?ri?l]adj. 帝国的；皇帝的；至高无上的；威严的n. 纸张尺寸；特等品120, parenthood ['pε?r?nt,hud]n. 亲子关系；父母身分121, dictator [dik'teit?, 'dikteit?] n. 独裁者；命令者122, multiply ['m?ltiplai]vt. 乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘vi. 乘；繁殖；增加adv. 多样地；复合地adj. 多层的；多样的123, fertility [f?'tiliti]n. 多产；肥沃；[农经] 生产力；丰饶124, recur [ri'k?:]vi. 复发；重现；采用；再来；循环；递归125, tendency ['tend?nsi]n. 倾向，趋势；癖好126, civilization [,sivilai'zei??n, -li'z-] n. 文明；文化127, reproduction [,ri:pr?'d?k??n]n. 繁殖，生殖；复制；复制品128, primordial [prai'm?:dj?l]adj. 原始的；根本的；原生的129, coerce [k?u'?:s]vt. 强制，迫使130, genital ['d?enitl]adj. 生殖的；生殖器的n. 生殖器；外阴部131, mutilation [,mju:ti'lei??n]n. 毁损；残缺；切断132, abortion [?'b?:??n]n. 流产，小产；流产的胎儿133, infanticide [in'f?ntisaid]n. 杀婴，杀婴者；杀婴犯；杀婴罪134, econabbr. 经济（economic ）；经济模式（economics ）135,military ['milit?ri]adj. 军事的；军人的；适于战争的n. 军队；军人136, conquest ['k??kwest]n. 征服，战胜；战利品137, granary ['ɡr?n?ri]n. 谷仓，粮仓；盛产粮食的地区138, raid [reid]n. 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫vi. 对…进行突然袭击vt. 袭击，突袭139, rape [reip]n. 强奸，掠夺；[园艺] 油菜；葡萄渣vt. 强奸；掠夺，抢夺vi. 犯强奸罪140, domestication [d?u,mestikei??n]n. 驯养；教化141, surplus ['s?:pl?s, -pl?s]n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩adj. 剩余的；过剩的142, pyramid ['pir?mid]n. 金字塔；角锥体vi. 渐增；上涨；成金字塔状vt. 使…渐增；使…上涨；使…成金字塔状143, fateful ['feitful]adj. 重大的；决定性的；宿命的144, abundance [?'b?nd?ns]n. 充裕，丰富145, demographic [,dem?'ɡr?fik,-k?l]adj. 人口统计学的；人口学的n. 威胁；恐吓vi. 恐吓；进行威胁vt. 威胁；恐吓147, tribe [traib]n. 部落；族；宗族；一伙148, warrior ['w?ri?, 'w?:-]n. 战士，勇士；鼓吹战争的人149, fierce [fi?s]adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的150, valiant ['v?lj?nt]adj. 英勇的，勇敢的n. 勇士；勇敢的人151, prevail [pri'veil, pri:-]vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜152, pouring ['p?:ri?]v. 倾泻；倾诉（pour的ing形式）n. [冶] 浇注；传布153, loot [lu:t]n. 战利品；抢劫；掠夺品vt. 抢劫，洗劫；强夺vi. 洗劫，掠夺；抢劫154, colony ['k?l?ni]n. 殖民地；移民队155, dreary ['dri?ri]adj. 沉闷的，枯燥的156, chore [t??:]n. 家庭杂务；日常的零星事务；讨厌的或累人的工作157, dearth [d?:θ]n. 缺乏；饥馑；粮食不足adj. 一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的n. 一般；将军，上将；常规159, decay [di'kei]vi. 衰退，[核] 衰减；腐烂，腐朽n. 衰退，[核] 衰减；腐烂，腐朽vt. 使腐烂，使腐败；使衰退，使衰落160, lament [l?'ment]n. 挽歌；恸哭；悲痛之情vi. 哀悼；悲叹；悔恨vt. 哀悼；痛惜161, perverted [p?'v?:tid]adj. 歪曲的；不正当的；性变态的v. 使入歧途（pervert的过去分词）162, pas sion ['pn]n. 激情；热情；酷爱；盛怒163, idle ['aidl]adj. 闲置的；懒惰的；停顿的vi. 无所事事；虚度；空转vt. 虚度；使空转164, dronesn. 雄蜂；（英）懒汉；遥控飞机（drone的复数形式）v. 混（日子）；懒散地打发时间（drone的三单形式）；闲散度日（drone的三单形式）165, hegemonic [,heɡi'm?nik, hed?i-] adj. 霸权的；支配的166, collapsn. 塌陷167, overrun [,?uv?'r?n, '?uv?r?n]n. 泛滥成灾；超出限度vt. 泛滥；超过；蹂躏vi. 泛滥；蔓延168, obnoxious [?b'n?k??s]adj. 讨厌的；可憎的；不愉快的169, enlightened [in'lait?nd]adj. 开明的；文明的；进步的；被启发的v. 启迪（enlighten的过去式）。
研究生英语课本单词
WORDS：Unit1(be) fraught with充满着不愉快的事情，有着风险、担心e.g. Globalization is a trend ~ both positives and negatives.stumbling block n.障碍物，绊脚石e.g. The United States and Japan should not make the ~ preventing the development of the relations between the EU and China.cement vt.巩固,加强; 粘牢;在…上抹水泥;（用水泥、胶等）粘结，胶合e.g. T o ~ a new friendship, especially between foreigners or persons of a different social world, a spark with which both were secretly charged must fly from person to person, and cut across the accidents of place and time. façade n.①<建>(房屋的)正面 e.g. The church is said to have its ~ unfinished, though the interior may be in use.②假象;外观;表面 e.g. Demolishing its nearly brand-new the newly selected President in his hometown is another case of irresponsible ~ construction. ritual n.①(宗教等的)仪式 e.g. Ritual has been an integral part of human life in every civilization and every historical era, and the ~s of all cultures have common characteristics.②例行公事, 老规矩 e.g. My household chores have become a morning ~.ethnocentric adj.种族〔民族、集团〕优越感的,民族中心的e.g. People are almost always ~ to some degree, because we grow up and learn what is right and wrong, true and false, normal and abnormal, and so forth, we naturally learn to view the world as our own culture views it.lull vt.抚慰,哄; 使放松;使镇静e.g. T o ~ suspicion and fear in the woman victims, the murder pretended to be a drunken man to induce the women to make advances to him before he committed his crime.tenacity n.固执;坚持,顽强,不屈不挠; 坚韧,韧性; (记忆等的)保持力e.g. T enacity is where individuals cling to their beliefs, and refuse to entertain counter-evidence to their beliefs.connotation n.含义;隐含意义; 言外之意;内含e.g. International speakers of English often say “clever,” when intelligence would be a better word. Intelligence is neutral, an intelligent being can be good, bad or whatever. On the other hand, “clever” can have the ~ of plotting, scheming or trickery; it is a characteristic associated with cunning or mischievousness.inflection n.变音，转调e.g.The violin has a poor inflection这把小提琴的音调不准e.g. The inflection of a particular verb某一特定动词的变形refreshment n.茶点,点心；(精力的)恢复,精神爽快e.g. After the dancing, you will be offered some ~ later in addition to the Wedding Breakfast.spatial n.空间的, 立体空间的, 三维空间的e.g. New computer-based technologies are continually transforming communicative praxis and communicative space, and Internet now serves as a communication medium and its ~ dimensions as communicative tools. preconception n.①事先形成的观点或思想e.g. Western teachers must realize that the western ~ of how people learn is not necessarily how Chinese learners learn.②偏见e.g. Through understanding from the point of view of another culture, you can make your own judgment about that culture with as little cultural ~ as possible.stereotype n.老套, 模式化的见解, 有老一套固定想法的人e.g. Although ~s can be positive as well as negative, they are, in everyday usage, most often understood as irrationally based negative attitudes about certain social groups and their members.inscrutable adj.晦涩的,不可理解的;谜一样的e.g. If you’re negotiating with Japanese, Chinese or Indonesian prospects, an ~ smile is used to communicate far more than pleasure. It’s a form of polite behavior, which masks anything from sincere enjoyment to menace.preferential adj.优先的, 优惠的, 特惠的,优待的e.g. China drafts stricter controls and ~ treatment on foreign software, and can India replace America in Chinese requirement of software engineering? prone adj.易于…的,很可能…的; 俯卧的; 有做…倾向的,易于遭受…的e.g. a child prone to mischief爱恶作剧的小孩; failure-prone倾向于失败的ambiguity n.歧义,意义不明确；模棱两可的意思；模棱两可的话,含糊话e.g. I suppose, in some scene, it’s our ability to understand language ~ that makes us human.truism n.自明之理, 老生常谈e.g. It is probably a ~ to say that we live in the knowledge age; the generation, communication and transfer of knowledge has always been the core mission of universities.deterrent n.使别人恐惧或困惑的)制止物,阻碍物e.g. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, which says it deserves nuclear weapons for self-defense, vowed Monday to strengthen its ~ against US if the United States holds on to a “hostile” policy on their country. arousal n.觉醒,激励e.g. The purpose of art is the ~ of emotions.deplete vt.使大大的减少;耗尽,用光; 使空虚e.g. The country’s one-child policy will ~s its future workforce, and has contributed to the breaking up of traditional networks of support and caring for the elderly.recuperation n.恢复e.g. She lives in impoverished circumstances and is coming to England for rest and ~ for the first time.permeate vt.弥漫, 遍布,散布,渗透,扩散；渗入,渗透e.g. An atmosphere of distrust has ~ed this administration.scrutiny n.细看, 细查; 监视e.g. The Centre for Public Scrutiny has launched a self-evaluation framework for the overview and ~ function in local government, and it has a belief of “better ~ for better government.”dyad=diad n.对,双,成对物;二价元素;二分体,一对染色体e.g. Parent-child ~ art therapy is a new and innovative method of art therapy, in which parent and child share the production of an artwork.screen out vt.筛选出e.g. Many employers like to use pre-employment tests as a way to ~ applicants who are not suitable for the job.circumvent vt.设法克服或避免(某事物);回避e.g. South Africa’s exchange controls can be ~ed and are viewed negatively by both foreign investors and businessmen, the president told on Friday. detachment n. 超脱；冷淡的,不关心的；拆卸,分离,分开e.g. In British culture open displays of emotion, positive or negative are rare and should be avoided. During meetings, this means your British colleagues will approach business with an air of formality and ~.UNIT 3integration n.结合；整合；一体化e.g. Many experts are calling for the ~of Information T echnology activities into school curriculum.analogy n.类比；比拟；比喻e.g. The operation of a computer presents an interesting ~ to the working of the brain.therapy n.治疗，疗法e.g. The quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury. He tried every treatment the doctors suggested and found the heat ~ gave the best relief.smoothie n.圆滑的人;善于讨好女人的男人;果汁，加奶（或冰淇凌）果汁casserole n.焙盘，砂锅；焙盘菜，砂锅菜e.g.Who made this ~ of chicken?fluid adj.流体的, 流动的;易变的, 不固定的; (动作、设计、音乐) 流畅优美的e.g. a ~ situation fraught with uncertaintyinadvertently adv.漫不经心地，疏忽的；无意的，不经意的e.g. He ~ deleted the reference.duress n.威胁，逼迫e.g. The agreements made with the landlords during the time of slavery, are only the effects of ~ and force.sabotage v.阴谋破坏（某事物）e.g. The Resistance ~d railroad operations during the war.culinary adj.厨房的，烹饪的；食物的e.g. a~ vessel; the ~ art；The superb ~ technique make people exclaim. delectable adj.令人愉快的，令人喜爱的e.g. What ~ food you cook!backfire v.发生意外, 产生事与愿违的后果; (内燃机等)发生逆火, 发生回火；(枪炮)向后爆发e.g. Your comments may ~ and cause you a lot of trouble.cardinal adj.最重要的，最主要的e.g. a ~ rule; the ~ cause of the problem.standoffish adj.冷淡的，冷漠的e.g. a ~ manner；Mary only seems ~; once you get to know her, she is nice.endearment n.表示爱慕的话语，亲热的表示e.g. Her first ~s twining round the soul.intrusion n.闯入、侵入，打扰；(对某事的)干扰,，干涉，扰乱，侵犯e.g. Why this ~? Were not my orders that I should be private?sibling n.兄，弟，姐，妹e.g.A ~ or spouse may fulfill this role.pester v.使烦恼，使纠缠e.g. A multitude of scribblers daily ~ the world. whine v.哀号，哀怨，诉怨e.g.She spoke with a ~.sobering adj.使清净的，使冷静的e.g. The news had a ~ effect.steer v.驾驶, 掌舵；操纵；控制；引导；(船、汽车等) 行驶e.g. The teacher ~ ed the gifted students towards the more challenging courses.Unit4warrant vt.使有必要,使正当,使恰当;保证, 担保e.g. The textile ~ed to be pure cotton turned out to be synthetic fabrics.symptomatic adj.征兆的,症候的,有症状的;根据症状的e.g. A rise in crime is ~ of social breakdown.distortion n.扭曲;变形;失真,歪曲e.g. The technician discovered a new way to compose aluminum alloys that are more resistant to wear and ~.retard vt.使减速;妨碍;阻止; 推迟,延迟; <机>使(点火)延迟e.g. Gap in educational investment across regions will ~ the national economic development as a whole.infrastructure n.基础设施,基础结构,基础建设;行政机构;【军事】永久性军事设施，永久性基地;(支持并进行颠覆或其他非法活动的)秘密机构;【建筑学】基础；下面结构e.g. The development of national ~ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become more conscious of its significance in economic growth.thwart vt.阻挠; 阻止, 对…构成阻力;使受挫折;挫败;<旧>横过,穿越e.g. She was ~ed in her attempt to take over the firm handed down by her father due to strong interference by her family.optimize vt.使最优化,使尽可能有效e.g. The core of economics is to ~ resources available ,namely to get the biggest output with the least resources.portfolio n.投资组合;（公司或机构提供的）系列产品，系列服务; 有价证券组合e.g. The more diversified the investments in a ~ , the more likely the investor is to earn the same return in the market.aggregate adj.总数的；总计的e.g. The ~ sales in the markets vary with the change of seasons.vestige n.残余部分,遗迹,痕迹; 毫不,一点也不;退化的器官;退化器官的痕迹e.g. The objection to opening up work market is a ~ of planned economy.constraint n.强制; 限制, 约束2. 强制, 强迫e.g. The agreement claims that trade in the open market of North America should never be under ~ ,but it does not always work.ration vt.限量供应; 配给供应e.g. Food, clothing and other daily necessities were ~ed in China’s planned economy.subsidy n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金e.g. Housing ~ies are granted to poor families by the municipal government, which is an important aspect in the welfare system.externality n.外在性, 外在化, 客观性;外形, 外表,外部事物;（经济学名词）外部效应e.g. It is nature that decides one’s temperament for ~ies such as parentage, childhood experiences exert limited influences.subsidize vt.给…津贴或补贴; 资助或补助…e.g. Some traditional Chinese arts are in difficulty because of financialshortage. If they are not heavily ~d with special funds, some will be extinct sooner or later.entail vt.使…成为必要, 需要;限定继承;使必需,使蒙受,使承担,遗传给e.g. The investment in real estate ~ed a high risk, however, a lot of people refused to give it up.unleash vt.把(感情、力量等)释放出来, 发泄e.g. The government’s proposal to strengthen content supervision ~ed a storm of protest in the press.revenue n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收; [复数]总收入; 收入来源; 税务局e.g. Advertising ~ finances the commercial television channels.disparity n.尤指因不公正对待引起的）不同，不等，差异，悬殊e.g. Many international organizations are involved in narrowing the economic ~ among regions and industries instead of aiming at economic profits.bid up vi&vt.在拍卖中哄抬物价e.g. Speculative demand has ~ the price of wheat in international trade.perpetuate vt.使永存;使人记住不忘;使不朽;vi&vt.使永久化;使持久化e.g. This irrigation system in Dujiangyan has ~ed itself for several centuries.offset vt.抵消,补偿; (为了比较的目的而)把…并列(或并置)，衬托出;为(管道等)装支管 e.g. Their wage increases would be ~ by higher prices.equity n.公平, 公正;〈律〉衡平法;普通股;（公司的）股本,资产净值;公道，合理，正当; 公平合理(或公正)的事;公正裁决,公正行为;【商业】剩余美元价值e.g. Freedom of speech is the basic human right in a society where justice and ~ prevail.quadruple vi&vt. (使)成四倍e.g. The college has been ~ed in size and enrollment.asset n. 资产, 财产; 有价值的人或物; 优点, 长处; (有交换价值的)所有物(或占有物)，(单项)财产;情报提供者，可以用于情报活动的人才(或机关) ;遗产，可偿债的资产，在死者继承人(或指定的遗嘱执行人)手里足以偿债和遗赠的遗产;(商店、破产者等的)财产;e.g. After fifteen year’s primitive accumulation his ~s now include shares in a transcontinental company and a villa in Italy.UNIT5synergy n.协同,配合,企业合并后的协力优势或协合作用e.g. And I saw the tragic consequences to other flights and individuals when one element or another of that important ~ broke down.alleviation n.减轻,缓解,缓和;镇痛物e.g. The central meaning shared by these adjectives is “marked or motivated by concern with the ~ of suffering.afforestation n.造林,造林地区e.g. Both forest management and ~ are responsible for direct and indirect environmental change.peter v.渐渐枯竭〔消失〕;逐渐减少；逐渐减弱；慢慢消失e.g. That hot-spot eruption lasted some 2 million years before ~ out to a more modest flow.undervalue vt.对(某人或某事物)评价过低; 低估(某人或某事物)e.g. She felt that the company ~d her work.inheritance n.继承物, 遗产,继承2. 遗传特征；遗产e.g. He spent all his ~ in less than a year.collateral①n.附属担保品e.g. People put up their homes as ~ in order to raise the money to invest in the scheme.[syn]security保护，防护；保安措施e.g. The prison was ordered to tighten ~ after a prisoner escaped yesterday.②adj.相关的;旁系的;附属的,次要的,第二位的,副的;并行的,并联的,平行的e.g. There may be ~ benefits to the scheme.migration n.迁移；移居；迁徙e.g. Wars always cause great ~s of people.hygiene n.卫生学, 保健学e.g. A healthy lifestyle includes having a nutritious diet and good personal.caloric adj.热量(的)①relating to heat e.g. the ~ effect of sunlight②relating to calories e.g. the ~ content of foodwaterborne adj.水上的,水运的e.g. The crew had been busy running cargo and vehicles on a ~~ Main Supply Route until just after midnight.prolapse n.下垂,脱垂e.g.~ of uterusuterus n.子宫e.g. Uterus normally pear-sized, the ~ grows up to five times its usual size in pregnancy.urinary adj.尿的,尿样的;泌尿的,泌尿器的e.g. Administration of 5 units of aqueous vasopressin subcutaneously should maximally stimulate ~ concentration.schistosomiasis n.血吸虫病e.g.the prevention and cure of ~infest v.害虫、野兽大批出没于;遍布于e.g. A warehouse ~ed with rats; The kitchen was ~ed with cockroaches.cholera n.霍乱e.g. Asiatic ~, a new enteric disease, provided the spur to action. intestinal adj.肠的e.g. the ~ wall; ~ bacteriaparasite n.①寄生生物,寄生虫，寄生植物e.g. Most government employeeshad become ~, expecting to retain their positions through friendship or political favor.②寄生虫,依赖他人过活者,靠他人为生的人 e.g. It will probably resist extermination, however, since, unlike its ~, it frequents shallow water.toxin n.毒素e.g. And we note this with sadness, because in functioning organizations these ~ need never become potent enough to taint performance.dioxin n.二氧(杂)芑e.g. And why is it that evil movie fishermen always dump ~ into the ocean?incineration n.焚化、烧成灰e.g.~ of municipal refuse;sludge ~vector n. 传病媒介,带菌者;<数,物> 矢量,向量;航向,航线;引导,动力e.g. Mosquitoes are feared as ~ of malaria.exacerbate v.使恶化，使加重e.g. Howe’s unkind remarks have ~ racial tensions in the community.fetus n.胎儿，胎e.g. Incidentally it changes its composition considerably between the ~ and the adult.stillbirth n.死产，死胎e.g. Danger, suspense, pregnancy, ~, and nuclear dangers combine in this story set in a small rural town.intrauterine adj.子宫内的retardation n.延迟e.g. mental ~；A condition of slowness or ~confound v.使惊惶;弄糊涂；搞乱，混淆(意念等)；击败, 挫败；使困惑惊讶，使惊疑；证明…有错 e.g. His amazing recovery ~ed the medical specialists.cassava n.木薯e.g. Alcohol can be produced from plants such as sugar caneand ~ by fermentation and distillation.tenure n.①(职位, 如政治地位、土地或其他资产等的)保有;保有期,保有状况,保有权,保有条件;任期e.g. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ~ in evaluating relative deprivation.②(大学或其他机构中教师等的)长期聘用，终身职位 e.g. It’s becoming increasingly difficult to acquire academic ~.rehabilitation n.①(病残人的)康复,更新;(罪犯的)改过迁善复职;恢复名誉,昭雪e.g. a special unit for ~ stroke patients②修复;复兴e.g. A lot of the older houses have now been ~.cyclone n.气旋;旋风,飓风,暴风e.g. international economic assistance for ~ disasterimpropriety n.不得体,不适当;不得体的举止,粗鄙的行为;不正确,不合适e.g. Accusations of ~ were made against the company’s directors.grass roots n.基层民众,平民百姓,草根阶层e.g. We are hoping for full participation at ~ level.earmark v.指定…作为特定用途e.g. 20% of the budget has already been ~ed for a new computer system.anecdotal adj.轶事的,趣闻的;多轶事的,含轶事的e.g. His findings are based on ~ evidence rather than serious research. mainstream vt.(思想或行为的)主流e.g.~ of lifeUnit 7encroach vt.①侵犯,侵占,侵害;妨碍(正常生活或活动等);e.g. This ~es on my rights as an individual.②逐渐遍布(某地区)e.g. desert ~ing upon grasslandobliterate vt.除去,涂去,擦掉;彻底破坏或毁灭e.g. It would almost seem as if Nature herself had tried to ~ the evil signs of what had occurred.coquettish adj.(女子)卖弄风情的,妖艳的,迷人的e.g. Her clothes were country-made, but perfect as regarded fit and trimness, her beflowered hat was worn with a touch of ~ grace, a trifle un-English, but very delightful.bemused adj.①困惑的，茫然的，不知所措的e.g. She was obviously ~ by his questions.②全神贯注，沉浸于e.g. He was as distant and ~ as a professor listening to the prattling of his freshmen class.hereditary adj.(生物学中）遗传的，遗传性的（尤指疾病）；世袭的，承袭的；有世袭身份（或头衔）的e.g. The same title has been bestowed on Venice, where absolute power over the great body of the people is exercised, in the most absolute manner, by a small body of ~ nobles. I was no ~ alcoholic.remit vt.免除（债务），宽恕；使某事缓和；汇付，付款；免除，赦免（债务、职责、惩罚等）e.g. When crops fail it is necessary to ~ taxation.dispensation n.分配e.g. This is a duty from which nothing can give him a ~.tarnish vt.（通常指金属）（使）失去光泽；（使）变灰暗；玷污，败坏e.g. The silver was ~ed by the long exposure to the air.Her reputation was ~ed after the affair with a married man.skeleton n.骨骼，骷髅，骨骼标本；（建筑物等的）骨架，框架；梗概，提纲，提要，轮廓；骨瘦如柴的人（或动物）；（维持运转所需的）最少人员，基干人员；钢架雪车，俯式冰橇e.g. a walking ~ (a very thin person)/The building has a steel ~.vanquish vt.<文>征服，战胜；克服，抑制e.g. Harvard ~ed Yale in the last football game.temerity n.鲁莽，冒失e.g.It was evident that he regretted the ~ that had made him the centre of interested observation.teeming adj.丰富的e.g. Nothing ever arrests its sleepless industry but the coming of a heavy fog, which clothes the ~ stream in a mantle of impenetrable stillness. deprecation n.强烈不赞成，祈免，反对e.g. “I am no judge of these things,” said Dorothea, not coldly, but with an eager ~ of the appeal to her.torso n.（人体的）躯干；（人体的）躯干雕塑像；未完成的作品e.g. The creature appeared to be a great lizard at least ten feet high, with a huge, powerful tail as long as its ~, mighty hind legs and short forelegs. tableau n. 人构成的画面或场景，绚丽的场景；活人造型（由活人扮演的静态画面等）; 舞台造型；戏剧性的场面；全景画，全景照片e.g.History is nothing more than a ~ of crimes and misfortunes.历史不过是由罪恶和灾难构成的静止舞台造型罢了。
合工大研究生英语课后汉翻英中英对照版考试必备(精)
要善于恭维他人,重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。
An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others.恭维之所以奏效,最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则:人们渴望得到赏识。
The root cause of the power of flattery gets at a basic principle of human behavior: People crave being appreciated.,尽管文化背景各不相同,但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。
he vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures.在亚洲文化中,人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。
In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition.但不管怎样,人们赏识是普遍存在的。
Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present.很多人认为,工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。
工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力,但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人,如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可,否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。
Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work--- such as scientists, artists, and photographers --- crave flattery and recognition. Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions.恭维之所以奏效,还因为它与人们认可的正常需要有关。
2013年考研英语大纲词汇表
ad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔
apart from除去
apologize/apologise
v.(to,for)道歉,认错
apology
n.道歉,歉意,认错
apparatus
n.器械,设备,仪器,装置
apparent
a.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的
appeal
v.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉
in addition另外
in addition to除...之外
additional
a.附加的,另外的,额外的
adhere
v.(to)粘附,胶着;坚持
adjacent
a.(to)邻近的,毗连的
adjoin
v.毗连,靠近
adjust
v.调节,调整,校正
administrate/administer
v.掌管,料理...的事务;实施,执行;给予,投(药)
accuse
v.（of）控告,谴责
accustom
v.（to）使习惯
accustomed
a.惯常的,习惯的
be accustomed to习惯于
acid
n.酸
a.酸的
acknowledge
v.承认;致谢
acquaint
v.(sb.with)使认识,使了解
acquaintance
n.熟人,相识
acquisition
articulate
a.善于表达的,口齿清晰的
v.明确有力地表达
artificial
a.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的
artist
n.艺术家,美术家
artistic
2013考研英语核心词汇
第一部分考研英语核心词汇abide 遵循（…by）；容忍abnormal 反常的abolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abrupt 突然的，意外的absolute 纯粹的，完全的.absorb 吸收，吸进abstract 抽象的.absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的.abuse 滥用aaccelerate 加速，增速access 接近（或进入）的机会accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accompany 陪伴，伴随accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accord 使符合，相一致(with)account 记述，叙述accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accurate 准确的，精确的accuse 指控，指责accustom 使习惯于acquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动acute 尖锐的，敏锐的adapt （使）适应address 演说adhere 黏附，附着adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to)adjoin 贴近，与...毗邻administrate 掌管，料理...的事务adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年advance 使向前移动advantage 有利条件，优点adverse 不友好的，敌对的advocate 拥护，提倡，主张aesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美affliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员affirm 断言，申明aggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的agitate 搅动（液体等）alarm 惊恐，忧虑alert 警惕的，留神的alien 外国的allege 断言，宣称allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给allied 结盟的，有关联的allow 允给，准许，允许allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱alter 改变，更改alternate 交替，轮流amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者amaze 使惊愕，使惊异ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的ambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心amend 修改，修订amuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）anchor 锚announce 宣布，声称annoy 使恼怒，使生气annual 每年的，年度的anonymous 匿名的，无名的answer 回答，响应anticipate 预期，预料anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at)apart 成零碎apparent 显然的，明明白白的appeal 呼吁，恳求applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好apply 涂，敷appoint 任命，委派appraise 估量，估计appreciate 感激apprehend 对...担心approach 靠近，接近appropriate 恰当的，相称的approve 赞成，同意approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的arise 起立，起身arouse 使......奋发array 排列，队形articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的ascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高ascertain 查明，弄清，确定ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的ashore 向岸，向陆地aside 在旁边assault 攻击，袭击assemble 集合，召集assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言assess 估价，评价，评论assign 分配，布置（作业）assimilate 吸收，消化associate （使）联系，（使）结合assume 假定，假设assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心astonish 使惊讶attach 系，贴，连接attain 达到，获得attend 出席，参加（会议等）attendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率attentive 注意的，专心的attribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) auxiliary 辅助的avail 有利于，有助于average 平均数，平均avert 挡开，防止，避免awake 醒，觉醒award 授予（奖品等）ban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔bang （突发的）bar 条，块，杆，棒bare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的beforehand 预先，事先behave 举止端正，听话bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂bias 偏见，偏心blame 责备，责怪blast 一阵（风），一股（气流）blaze 火焰blunt 钝的blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with(或for) joy boast 自吹自擂，自夸的话.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销boom 低沉有回响的声音border 边界，边境，边沿bore 钻孔，挖（通道）bounce 弹起，反弹bound 跳跃，弹回boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加brace 托架，支架breed （使）繁殖bribe 贿赂accept(或take)brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的brisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的brittle 易碎的，一碰就破的brush 刷子，毛刷bump 碰，撞(against, into)burst 爆炸，爆裂calculate 计算，推算cocall 喊，叫cancel 取消，废除，删去capture 俘虏，捕获case 事例，事实，事情cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的cease 停止，终止，结束certify 证明，证实challenge 向...挑战character （事物的）性质，特质charge 要（价），收（费）charm 魅力，魔力chase 追逐，追求check 使突然停止，制止cherish 珍爱，珍视chew 嚼，咀嚼choke 窒息，噎住chorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的clarity 澄清，阐明cling 粘着clumsy 笨拙的cluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组clutch 紧抓，紧握coherent 一致的，协调的coin 硬币，钱币，金属货币coincide 相符，相一致collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解collide 碰撞，互撞come 来，来到commemorate 纪念，庆祝commend 表扬，称赞compact 紧密的，坚实的compare 比较，对照(with, to)compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的compile 汇编，编制comply 遵从，顺从，服从compose 组成，构成compress 压缩comprise 包含，包括compromise 妥协，折衷compulsory 必须做的，义务的conceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽conceive 构想出，设想concentrate 集中，专心condemn 谴责condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁confer 商谈，商议confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔confidence 信任confine 限制，使局限confirm 证实，肯定conflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗conform 遵照，适应confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇confuse 使混乱，混淆connect 连接，连接conscious 意识到的，自觉地consent 同意，赞同，准许conserve 保护，保藏，保存consider 考虑，细想consist 组成，构成(of)consolidate 巩固，加强conspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的constant 经常的，不断的constitute 组成，构成consult 请教，与......商量consume 消费,花费:contact 接触,联系,交往: contain 包括,容纳,contaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害:contempt轻视,轻蔑:contest竞赛,比赛,竞争:contract合同,契约:contradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:contrary相反的,对抗的:contrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:contribute捐(款等),捐献:contrive设计,想出:controversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证: convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:convert转变,转化:convey运送,输送,传送:convict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:coordinate调节,协调:cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:correspond相符合相称(to,with):correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:corresponding符合的,一致的:corrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:corrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:count数,计算:course课程,科目:courtesy 谦恭有礼。
研究生英语综合教程单词表
adversity n逆境、不幸、厄运aftermath n后果、余波alleyway n 小巷、胡同altruism n 利他主义、无私anodyne adj 不冒犯他人的、四平八稳的aspire v 最求、渴望、有志于bliss n 极乐，无上幸福bona fide a dj 真正的、真实的bromide n 意在使人消气却没有效果的话dazed adj 茫然的、迷乱的、恍惚的encompass v覆盖、围住excruciating adj 剧烈疼痛的gratifying adj 令人高兴的、使人满足的harrowing a dj 折磨人的、可怕的、令人痛苦的ineffable a dj 难以名状的、不可言喻legacy n 遗留下来的状况mind-blowing adj 令人极度的、非常奇怪的neurological n 神经的nostalgia n对往昔事物的留恋、怀旧情绪ordeal n 可怕的经历、痛苦的折磨paramount a dj 至高无上的、最重要的province n 范围、领域、职责范围preoccupied adj 全神贯注的、入神的refrain n 一再重复的话rheumatoid arthritis n 类风湿性关节炎shrivel v 皱缩、干枯、干瘪steroid n 类固醇tranquil adj 平静的、宁静的、安谧的traumatic a dj 痛苦难忘的、造成精神创伤的tribulation n 苦难ultramarathoner n 超级马拉松vomit v 呕吐、呕出、吐出wimp n 懦弱无用的人anecdote n 趣闻、轶事auditory adj 听觉的boon n 恩物、有用之物circuitry n电路系统conduit n 渠道、通道consortium n 财团、联合企业curtail v 缩减、消减decoder n 解码器disengaged adj 自由的、未约束的duly adv 适当的、恰当的etch v 蚀刻、fidgety adj 烦躁的、坐立不安的footnote n 脚注forage v 四处搜寻godsend v 及时雨hyperlink n超文本链接ideogram n 表意文字longish adj 略长的、相当长的neural adj 神经的、神经系统的pithy adj 精辟的remap v 重新绘制staccato adj 断音的、断奏的telltale adj 暴露真相terse adj 简短的thicket n 灌木丛、小树丛voracious a dj 贪吃的wayward adj 倔强的adversary n对手almighty god n 全能的上帝anew adv 重新beachhead n滩头堡belabor v 强调embattled a dj 问题缠身engulf v 严重影响foe n 敌人forebear n 祖先、祖宗heed v 听从invective n咒骂invoke v 唤起outpace v 超过、胜过reverend adj 值得尊敬的subversion n 颠覆symbolize v象征tribulation n 苦难twilight n 曙光暮色tyranny n 暴政unleash v 释放出、发泄writ n 书面命令anemic adj 没有活力的awash adj 被水或其他液体浸过的bawl v 叫嚷、大喊bawl n 叫嚷、大喊bleach v 使变淡、变白coyote n 丛林狼decipher v 辨认、解释defiant adj 违抗的、挑衅的defoliate v使….落叶dictum n 断言、意见、宣言doe n 雌兔、雌鹿dust bowl n干旱尘暴区extirpate v消灭、根除fang n 尖牙ford v 涉水而过gleanings n费力搜索到的零星信息juniper n 刺柏、maul v 撕…的皮肉、抓裂maze n 迷宫似得的街道/小路melee n 混乱局面molder v 腐烂、腐朽rattle n 格格声requisite n必需品sage n 鼠尾草scuffle n 扭打seedling n 种苗、幼苗shears n 大剪刀spruce v 显得更加整齐干净supple adj 灵活的tingle v 感到刺痛torrent n 湍流、急流tyro n 新手、生手wag v 狗摇尾巴whinny n\v （马）撕叫willow n 柳树writhe v 剧烈地扭动身体affective a dj 感情anecdotal a dj 轶事的、趣闻的arousal n 唤起beset v 困扰、使苦恼disinterest n 缺乏兴趣fester v 恶化irritant n 烦躁的事物mentality n心态obituary n 讣告outpouring n 强烈感情的不断流露peripheral adj 次要的、非主要的populist adj 声称代表人民的、平明主义的sermon n 布道、讲道syndicate v通过报业联合会安排出售给多家报刊发表audible adj 声音听得见auspicious adj 吉利的、吉祥的bulky adj 庞大的、宽大的circumscribe v 约束、限制comport v 行动、表现comportment n 举止、行为cosmopolitan adj 见识广的、兼容并包的delineate v描绘、描写demographics n 人口统计数据detergent n洗涤剂、洗衣粉distaste n 不喜欢franchise n特许经营权garish adj 过于艳丽的generality n 普遍性、共同性ingrained a dj 根深蒂固的、难以改变的jolly adj 欢乐的、愉快的miniscule（minuscule）adj 很小nuance n 细微差别pretest n 预先测试self-effacing adj 避免引人注目的subtlety n 微妙的思想supplant v 取代、代替tadpole n 蝌蚪unpalatable adj 难吃的。
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Unit One
mustache胡子
giggle 咯咯笑boulevard大街，林荫道blurt 脱口而出paradox自相矛盾inarticulate不善言辞的kneecap膝盖骨bestow赠与给予
blink眨眼
furrow皱眉
quip俏皮话
ethereal神灵般、精妙comeback恢复反驳sonnet十四行诗
jim-dandy一流的极好的人/事
cadence韵律节奏sestet六行诗execrable可恶的petticoat衬裙
adroit熟练的机敏的poise姿态自信使平衡etiquette礼节comport表现(n:-ment) bestow sth on/upon sb carry sb away(贬义)使激动得失控
stitch sth up缝
well off幸运的
get possession of得到put one’s mind to sth决心做
come up with想到提出brush sth off刷掉
on the right track正确轨道上
be inept at doing不善fall flat失败未达到预期效果伏倒
fall apart分裂垮掉work like a dog
the chances are (that)有可能……Unit Two
cognac鸡尾酒白兰地
perspicacious有洞察力
betoken象征
nicety微妙
ritualistic仪式的
explicitly明确的
one-up胜人一筹的胜
过
canoe独木舟
reciprocity相互作用互
惠
rhetoric雄辩言辞修辞
学
benefactor捐助者恩人
hooker妓女
proclivity倾向癖好
frill装饰衣褶
puritan清教徒
frivolous不重要的轻浮
的
wont习惯（v\adj\v）
swell肿胀增强
allergy过敏症
prone易于……
cliché陈词滥调
fabulous极好的
tacky寒酸俗气廉价破
旧低级趣味
ego自我自尊自负
pamper纵容宠
altruism利他主义无私
altruist
dispense分发配药
largess慷慨赠与的钱
物
philanthropic慈善的
donee受赠者
callow幼小的乳臭未
干的
fast紧紧的牢固的
austere朴素的严格的
严峻的一丝不苟的
charisma魅力
dime10美分
donor捐赠者
chisel凿
cynic愤世嫉俗者
ironist讽刺者
neurosis神经病
conduit管道渠道
out of proportion不相
称不成比例
get down to sth开始着
手
paper sth over掩饰
do sb a good turn帮忙
做对…有利的事
wind up上发条中止
measure up达标达到
Unit Five
scepticism怀疑怀疑论
fallacy错误的见解
hitherto目前为止
totter蹒跚摇晃
arduous艰巨的努力的
陡峭的
toil长时间或辛苦的工
作报酬低的苦活
indubitable无容置疑的
folly愚蠢的行为
exterminate消灭
sober清醒冷静严肃节
制合理
fatalistically宿命论地
ascertain弄清明确
pestilence瘟疫
creed信条
discord不和不一致争
吵n
epoch纪元时期
tyranny暴虐暴行暴政
interlude幕间休息两事
之间
potent药效强威力大有
说服力（浓茶烈酒）
gospel新约福音信条真
理
wholeheartedness全心
全意全神贯注
metaphor隐喻
preclude阻止排除妨碍
synthesis综合合成
elude规避躲避
grimly严酷的讨厌的
严厉的糟糕的
garb服装
treachery背叛欺诈
perpetual永久不断
allegiance拥护忠诚
mundane平凡平淡
pass for sb/sth被当成
sit down to sth开始做
全神贯注地做
make calls upon sth决
定…
of little account /
moment不重要
as against以防与…对
照
with a view to doing sth
怀着某种希望或意图
做…
for all 尽管虽然
Unit Six
matriculation入学考试
录取入学
languish长期受苦逐渐
衰弱因渴望而憔悴(v,
~for为…所苦)
garner取的收集并储藏
tier层层叠(vi)使层叠
(vi)阶梯座位的一排
echelon等级梯形编队
rue对…感到后悔(vt)
spawn（鱼蛙）大量产
卵，大量生产，卵
chum结交(chum in
with/chum
around/chum up with)
朋友兄弟（口）
niche壁龛合适的位置credentials国书证件信任状
feign伪装捏造伪装的/地想象的/地curriculum vitae简历gabby饶舌的whereof关于以…(of what of whom of which)
in witness whereof以此证明特此证明
the things whereof he spoke他说的那些事unalloyed非合金的纯粹的不惨杂的真正的banal陈旧平庸乏味(n&adj)
aggrandize夸大吹捧flagellatory鞭打笞刑punitive惩罚的严厉的cribbage纸牌的玩法infuriate激怒irrevocable不可改变mirth欢乐chucklehead笨蛋exude缓慢流出渗出分泌出流露出对…的感情
belligerence交战好战斗争性
sotto voce低声说嘀咕(adv, speak ~)
taunt嘲讽辱骂（v&adv&n）（桅杆）高的（adj）
heck（口，表烦恼或吃惊）what the heck !/for the heck of it 只为好玩
screw-up猛抬搞砸了弄坏破坏弄紧皱着(screw 螺丝拧)
flack高射炮宣传skid row贫民区
toll费用（通行、电话）慢而有节奏的声音损耗缓慢敲响grandiose庄严的壮观的浮夸的做作的bashful羞怯的局促不安的缺乏自信的mumble咕哝含糊的说progeny后代结果hurdle栏架障碍困难跨栏赛越过障碍dropout辍学者
dotty薄弱的精神不定的荒唐的傻得
nerd讨厌/卑微的人high-strung高度紧张的容易兴奋的
shudder战栗颤动darned见鬼
interject插入插话repertory全部剧目dragoon骑兵勉强某人做(~ into) interminable没完没了的过长的
sedulous坚持的勤奋的小心周到的
winnow扬簸谷物辨别选择除去扇动ornery脾气/情绪坏的flat-out坦率直接公开疲惫不堪尽最大努力
wear on时间流逝carve out建立艰苦创造（~ a way 杀出一条血路）
follow suit效仿（vi）late bloomer大器晚成者
poke fun at戏弄
fork over翻土支付缴纳。