赛题公开 Debate
英语辩论赛基本术语(1)
1.一辩：FIRST DEBATER二辩：SECOND DEBATER对方辩友，my fellow debaters开始的陈词，Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.....陈述的时候一定要自信，把握好时间，如果到后来时间到，你却没陈述完的时候也要保持自信，微笑，不管他们，把话说完，所以陈述部分的最后几句一定要背熟练。
别忘了说THANK YOU。
如果想要驳斥对方的逻辑，进行假设：according to your logic2.Ways to open a debateTo set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose….A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination.We will elaborate one of the most striking features of this problem, namely…In the first place we would like to make clear that….The main argument focuses on….3.Ways to open a debateTo set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose….A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination.We will elaborate one of the most striking features of this problem, namely…In the first place we would like to make clear that….The main argument focuses on….4.Giving Reasons and offering explanations:To start with…,The reason why...,That's why...,For this reason...,That's the reason why...,Many people think....,Considering...,Allowing for the fact that...,When you consider that...,5.I'm convinced that...,I honestly feel that…,I strongly believe that...,Without a doubt...,While others may argue that…, Considering the current …,It’s safe to say that…,In fact…, It’s a fact that…,A recent study has shown that…,It has been suggested that…,6.Asking for an opinion from the other partyI would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。
debate competition
初看这个辩题，觉得挺难打，仔细思考一下之后，感觉还是蛮有话说的首先建议一下，不要从所谓“人权”的角度去讲——“人权”这个词，已经被某大国滥用，以至于非常不得人心，如果不想给观众和评委造成逆反心理，还是不要作为主攻方向的好。
法律、刑罚的最终目标，不是为了惩罚犯罪，是制止犯罪——最好没有人犯罪因此，惩罚不是目的，警示和威慑也只是手段，最关键的还是教育作用——用“死刑”来“杀鸡儆猴”，其实是很初级的方式，其实质是一种“以武力压制”式的威慑。
但是，事实告诉我们，无论“死”的威慑力有多大，“不怕死”的，从古自今，从未绝迹过——秦始皇时代，死刑的种类异常繁多，每年被判死刑的人不计其数，以至于杀不胜杀，干脆拉去修长城、修陵寝。
尽管如此看重“死刑”的威慑，但是，结果与愿望恰恰相反，秦朝只存续了15年，短短15年，不要说朝代，就算是个孩子，活不过15岁，就只能称为“夭折”！秦朝的迅速灭亡，从一方面也告诉我们：死刑的威慑，绝对不是制止犯法的最佳手段！我们认为，制止犯罪，最主要还是要从“心”开始！连古代人都知道：“刑，莫过于大辟”，也就是说，刑罚的最高限度，最需要谨慎对待的，就是死刑。
这说明，古代人也已经了解，对死刑，要采取非常谨慎的态度。
纵观古今中外，死刑的威慑作用，是被逐步弱化的，取而代之的是教育警示的作用——从最早期的烹（把人扔掉油锅里）、磔刑（把人砍成无数段）、炮烙（这个大家知道）、五马分尸，等等，到后来弱化为砍头；再后来就不是随时都可以执行死刑了，要等秋后问斩；再到明清之后，每个死刑犯都要由皇帝亲自“勾绝”；中国的死刑制度，越来越谨慎，越弱化，而加强的，是人们对“什么样的行为会被判死刑”的认识，也就是普法教育——社会治安并未因为死刑犯数量的减少而变差，反而越来越文明，越来越开化这是中国，在国外，我们也可以看到，死刑从断头台的身首异处，到枪决的保留全尸，再到绞刑架的不见血迹，到现代的电椅、死刑注射，逐步地人性化——不要认为，对于罪大恶极的死刑犯，就要“以血还血”“血债血偿”！！！“以血还血”“血债血偿”，是中国千百年来的一种固定思维模式，仿佛只有用最恶毒的方式惩罚对方，才能满足报复心理，或者才能让看到的人从此害怕，不敢再犯……但是，我们知道，这种做法是达不到效果的，我们甚至可以说这种想法是“幼稚”的！时至今日，中国人还抛弃不了这种“幼稚”的看法吗？当然不，就连你我，也能够知道，“血债血偿”是达不到最佳效果的，那么，为什么还要死死抱着“死刑”这个“法宝”不放呢？！！对于犯罪者，我们应该给予改过的机会；对于那种屡教不改，确实危害巨大的，我们也不应该用“杀”的方式来对待。
英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总辩论赛EnglishdebatingCompetition
英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总辩论赛EnglishdebatingCompetition***英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总辩论赛 English debating Competition辩论赛事debating event决赛正方反方grand final打分 score the competition 定义要合理the definitionshould be reasonable正方一辩循环赛the first debater素材要有说服力 of pro side反方一辩 the second debater of con side四分之一决赛半决赛quarterfinals计时员timekeepersemifinals二辩： second debater对方辩友， my fellow debaters开始的陈词， Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... 如果想要驳斥对方的逻辑，进行假：设according to your logic You are missing the point ！（你没有说重点！你没有围绕中心！即，他在钻洞子，这个时候他很有可能会说漏。
注意，要用 are，不能说成You're，因为这样语气，士气就没有了。
）You just don't understand what we talked about ！（你根本就没有明白我们刚说了什么！即：误解了，曲解了）You know what? You are straying from the main point ！你知道吗？你已经跑题了！（也要注意，都用 You are）自由辩论的阶段，可以在他在说的时候，插进去，说“Wait！Wait！You justsaid? ? ， did you？”（当然这句话要用在，你发现对方说的不正确时了！ )Please ask my question！（请不要回避我的问题！请你回答！！）正方affirmative 反方 negative 辩题 topic /issue校园辩论赛 academic debate 辩手/辩护advocate 歧义 ambiguity主事者 agent of change(负责采取正方计划的人或单位 )论点，论据argument 辩论 argumentation (正式 )辩论 debate 断言 assertion 佐证backing\裁判式评判人员\评审式评判人员主张claim 交锋clash 资料data,也作 ground 推定 presumption 论据evidence 目标goals 通案反驳 off-case 命题 proposition Refutation 反驳Stock issues 核心议题 Topicality 合题性Warrant~~）You are generalizing what I asked ！(你在以偏盖全！即：我要你回答这个，但对方你绕过去matter debating styleshould be persuasive 没有平局there is no drawspreliminary debateoctofinalsin competitive competition 一辩： first debater主办host\\manage制辩论 preliamentary 会议pro side con side淘汰赛 elimination debate 八分之一决赛*****正方 Government一辩 Prime Minister 二辩 Member of the Government 一辩总结Leader of Opposition Rebuttal 1. 辩驳rebut 反驳...rebutment 辩驳...rebuttable 可辩解的 2. 攻辩攻辩 rebutment...自由辩论free debate 反方 Opposition一辩 Leader of the Opposition 二辩 Member of the Opposition 一辩总结Prime Minister RebuttalA clear gesture or hand signal rejecting the offer 用清晰的手势拒绝对方 A verbal rejection of the offer 语言拒绝A verbal acceptance of the offer 语言接受一． stating an opinion 陈述观点 a. in my opinion ? 我的意见是 ? ? b. personally I think ? ? 我个人认为 ? ? c. I believe that? ? 我相信? ? d. I think that ? ? 我觉得 ? ?e. the point is that? ?我的观点是 ? ? f. if you ask me ? ?如果你问我? ?g. I’d like to say this ： ? ?我会这样说 ? ?h. I’d like to point out that 我想指出的是 ? ? i. speaking for myself 站在自己的立场上说? ? j. as far as I’m concerned， ? 就我而言，? ? k. in my experience ? 根据我的经验 ? ? 二． challenging an opinion 质疑某种观点 a. that can’t be true 那不可能是真的。
辩论赛题目大全（Debatingcontest）
辩论赛题目大全（Debating contest）College students, debate, debate, topicsThe first square: college students do more harm than goodFirst the start of college students do more harm than good.Second square: enterprises with talent as the firstSecond the enterprises with Germany for the firstThird squares: people and nature can live together in harmonyThird No: man and nature can live in harmonyFourth squares: industrialization of colleges and universities more advantages than disadvantagesFourth squares: the industrialization of colleges and universities more harm than goodFifth squares: network economy is a bubble economyFifth the network economy is not a bubble economyDebating topicsThe AffirmativeThe fate of an individual is controlled by the individual, and the fate of the individual is controlled by societyConvenient appliance, convenient, convenient equipment is not convenientTo explore talents requires examination, to explore talents, without examinationsNational skills should be kept secret and national skills should not be kept secretThe ideal talents are based on benevolence, and the ideal talents are mainly based on wisdomThe impact of the network on college students is greater than the disadvantages. The impact of the network on college students is more harm than goodThe pursuit of money and morality can be parallel, the pursuit of money and morality can be parallelEliminate piracy, consumers play a more important role than the government, stop piracy, the government plays a more important role than consumersIndividuality requires deliberate pursuit of individuality, without the deliberate pursuit of individualityLoose management benefits college students more than disadvantages. Loose management is more harmful to college students than benefitsReturning to study is a personal problem, not a social problem. Studying abroad is a social problem, not a personal problemPopular literature is more influential than literary classics; literary masterpieces are more influential than popular literatureThe network is more entertaining than practical, and the network is more practical than entertainingThe development of the network is more harmful to literature than the Internet, and the development of the network is more beneficial than literatureEasy to get along with, difficult to fall in love with, easy to get along withForeign civilization does more harm than good to China's civilization, and foreign civilization does more harm than good to Chinese civilizationThe key to a young man's success is his ability, &nbSp; the key to youth success is external opportunityEnvironmental protection should be people-oriented and environmental protection should be based on natureEnterprise development requires selfless dedication, enterprise development does not require selfless dedicationInto a major event into a major event is not to stick at trifles squeamishAt the time of trial, reference cases outweigh the disadvantages in our country. In the trial, reference cases have more harm than good in our countryTo eliminate piracy, the government plays a more important role than consumers in preventing piracy, and consumers play a more important role than the governmentSend children into the school, more advantages than disadvantages, send their children into the elite school, more harm than goodIt is the government's responsibility to avoid brain drain, and it is not the government's responsibility to avoid brain drainThe education of love is more effective than corporal punishment; corporal punishment is more effective than the education of loveCooperation can make civilization more progress, competition and cooperation make civilization more progress than competitionNatural disasters more terrible than man-made disaster is more terrible than man-madeLove is easy to get along with, difficult to get along with, easy to loveA near neighbor is better than a distant cousinFreedom of the press is the greatest motive force of social reform. Freedom of the press is not the greatest motive force of social reformGlobalization can bring economic development for our country, globalization can not bring economic development for our countrySex education should be classified as a secondary school curriculum, and sexual education should not be included in secondary school curriculaSex education is science education, sex education is moral educationMorality is more important than profit to interpersonal relationship, and interest has more influence on interpersonal relationship than moralityThe prosperity of the lottery industry is a symbol of social progress and prosperity. The prosperity of the lottery industry is not the symbol of social progress and prosperityEducation should pay more attention to personality training than knowledge training. Education should pay more attention to knowledge training than personality trainingBank merger will do more harm to the country's future economicdevelopment than bank mergersEconomic development does more harm than goodMen need more care than women, and women need more care than menThe contribution of headworker than labor more contributions to society than labor headworker more sociallyNews value is more important than news morality; news morality is more important than news valueMight is better than truth, justice is better than powerThe advantages of privatization of universities outweigh the disadvantages, and the disadvantages of privatization of universities are more than advantagesCultural construction should precede economic development, and economic development should begin with cultural constructionIs a way to combat terrorism violence with violence is the most effective way to combat terrorism is not the most effectiveThe rewards outweigh the rewards to the freshmen of college freshmen do more harm than good.Social stability relies mainly on law to maintain social stability, mainly through moral maintenanceThe main responsibility for the generation gap lies in the parents, the main responsibility for the generation gap in their childrenCelebrity commercials can be made up of famous people. Commercials can't be made upThis is similar to the Sichuan opera face of folk art should be kept confidential similar such Sichuan opera face of folk art should not be confidentialHuman cloning is beneficial to human development and human cloning is not conducive to human developmentThe entity is more important than the procedural law, and the procedure is more important than the substantive lawCollege students love more advantages than disadvantages. College students do more harm than goodE-commerce will change the existing marketing model,e-commerce will not change the existing marketing modelNot necessarily benevolent benevolent invincible invincibleThe application of law application of law not troubled timesThe enhancement of people's utility color is the embodiment of social progressThe enhancement of people's utility color is not the embodimentof social progressTalent is more important than eloquence eloquence is more important than talentHomosexuality is a personal problem, not a social problem. Homosexuality is a social problem, not a personal oneUnder the market economy condition, the finance needs to give the enterprise blood transfusion, under the market economy condition, the finance does not need to give the enterprise the blood transfusionThe dissemination of Chinese liquor culture should be based on the spread of wine villages, and China's wine culture should be called "shouting""The protection of the weak is the retrogression of society, and the protection of the weak is not a retrogression of the societyIndividuality requires deliberate pursuit of individuality, without the deliberate pursuit of individualityGood hearts are true, good deeds are true goodTrue love must last forever. True love does not have to last foreverTerrorism can be stopped by peaceful means and terrorism cannot be stopped by peaceful meansLove is in reason, but in the beginningThe usefulness of the network is greater than the entertainment, network entertainment than practicalMoney is the root of all evil, and money is not the root of all evilBeauty is a blessing, not a curse; beauty is a curse, not a blessingWork can be patched too can be mendedHuman beings should strengthen the exploitation of marine resources, and human beings should limit the exploitation of marine resourcesManagement is more important than chargeIn today's world, cooperation is higher than competition, and competition in the world is higher than cooperationStrong menMen will not necessarily no weak soldiersOn the road of life to life on the road just leave well follow up a victory with hot pursuitTo achieve equality between men and women, we should rely mainly on the efforts of men to achieve equality between men and women.We should mainly rely on the efforts of womenIt is more important for college students to accumulate knowledge, and it is more important for college students to mold their personality"Pirated" discount, buy "genuine" activities outweigh the disadvantages of "piracy", discount purchase "genuine" activities more harm than goodAIDS is a medical problem, not a social problem, AIDS is a social problem, not a medical problemThe new form of debate is better than the disadvantages, and the new form of debate will do more harm than goodDon't stand out There's no making without breaking.Should the exemption to allow celebrities attending universities should not allow exemption celebrities attending UniversitiesFemale employment should be protected and female employment should not be protectedContentment not contentmentThe entity is more important than the procedural law, and the procedure is more important than the substantive lawSetbacks are conducive to success, frustration is not conduciveto talentThe university education should be market-oriented, and the university education should not be market-orientedCollege students work more advantages than disadvantages, students work more harm than goodCollege students do more harm than good. College students do more harm than goodThe "double choice" of College Students' employment benefits more than the disadvantages, and the implementation of "double choice" is more harmful than good for College StudentsThe work study program for college students does more harm than goodThe main responsibility for the generation gap lies in the parents, the main responsibility for the generation gap in their childrenContemporary society, "seeking for Bo""More conducive to personal development of contemporary society, "seeking special" is more conducive to personal developmentIn the present era, we should advocate "doing one thing, love one thing". In the current era, we should advocate "love one line, do one thing""Local protectionism can overcome local protectionism and can not be overcomeThe advantages of TV marriage outweigh disadvantages, and the disadvantages of TV dating outweigh the advantagesUniversity, the biggest progress should be knowledge, University, the biggest progress should be personalityKnowledge should be given priority to the development of the western region, and priority should be given to the development of the western regionDeveloping tourism benefits more than disadvantages, and developing tourism does more harm than goodLaw is cruel, law is loveThe rule of law can eliminate corruption and the rule of law can not eliminate corruptionHigh marks are high energy. High marks are not high energyInnovation is more important, innovation is more importantAdvertising competition can do more harm than good to economic development, and advertising competition can do more harm than good to economic developmentOpportunity is the key to success and opportunity is not the key to successDiscipline will promote the development of personality, discipline will limit the development of personalityEconomic development should be based on the development of education, and the development of education should be based on economic developmentMoney pursuit and moral pursuit can be unified, money pursuit and moral pursuit can not be unifiedEconomic development can avoid the deterioration of the natural environment, economic development can not avoid the deterioration of the natural environmentThe level of economic development can represent the level of civilization, and the level of economic development can not represent the level of civilizationHuman cloning is beneficial to human development and human cloning is not conducive to human developmentThis is similar to the Sichuan opera face of folk art should be kept confidential like SichuanSuch national skills as face changing should not be kept secretThe ideal talents are "benevolence", and the ideal talents are "wisdom"The increase of floating population is beneficial to thedevelopment of cities, and the increase of floating population is not conducive to the development of citiesReturning students is a personal problem, not a social problem. Returning students is a social problem, not a personal oneCelebrity commercials can be made up of famous people. Commercials can't be made upThe current lottery release means more advantages than disadvantages, and the current lottery issuing methods do more harm than goodEquality between men and women is possible and equality between men and women is impossibleWomen need more care than men, and men need more care than womenAdversity helps talent grow, adversity adversity, talent growsThe standard of evaluating good and evil is effect, not motivation. The standard of evaluating good and evil is motivation, not effectThe peaceful coexistence of mankind is a possible ideal, and the peaceful coexistence of mankind is an impossible idealThe human society should light human society should be materialisticMan is the protector of the environment, and man is thedestroyer of the environmentLive for yourself, happiness for others, live happyThe goodness of human nature this evilConfucianism can not resist Western unhealthy Confucianism against western unhealthySocial development should be materialistic social development benefitsSocial development depends mainly on the rule of law and social development relies mainly on GermanyPersonal needs are more important for college students to choose a job, and social needs are more important for college students to choose their careersThe maintenance of social order depends mainly on the maintenance of the law and social order, mainly on moralitySocialist market economy can avoid money worshipThe socialist market economy can not avoid money worshipThe ecological crisis may destroy the human ecological crisis, it is impossible to destroy mankindPracticing credit system is more beneficial than disadvantages, and implementing credit system will do more harm than goodMarket economy is beneficial to moral development and market economy is not conducive to moral developmentAdvocating the purchase of domestic products is conducive to economic development, and advocating the purchase of domestic goods is not conducive to economic developmentForeign culture is more beneficial to the development of national culture than foreign culture, and foreign culture is more harmful to the development of national cultureA layman can manage an expert, an amateur can not manage an expertOnline love can become an effective way of marriage, online love can not become an effective way to marriageInternet love is a real love network, love is not real loveNetworks influence relationships, and networks do not affect relationshipsThe impact of the network on college students is greater than the disadvantages. The impact of the network on college students is more harm than goodAdequate food and clothing is a necessary condition for morality. Food and clothing are not necessary for moralityDiploma can represent the level of knowledge, diploma can notrepresent the level of knowledgeIn modern society, women need to care more about modern society, and men need more careEfficiency must sacrifice equality, efficiency does not necessarily sacrifice equalityIt is easier to weep than to smile than to weepThe information superhighway is good for developing countries, and the information superhighway is bad for developing countriesBeauty contests do more harm than good. Beauty contests do more harm than goodThe tobacco industry does more harm than good to societyThe tobacco industry does more harm than good to societyThe key to the social status of a school is to determine the social status of a schoolThe development of medicine should have ethical boundaries, and there should be no ethical boundaries in the development of MedicineIt should be encouraged that the writers of the new generation should criticize the new generation writersCircumstances create heroes and heroes make the timesThe old man should remove the foolish old man should moveIt is more important to go where you go than to walk with others, than to go where you goOn the road of life, opportunities are more important, on the road of life, struggle is more importantCollege students do more harm than good, and college students do more harm than goodKnown to be easy and difficultMore important than ignorance poor poor governance is more important than ignoranceChinese development of network economy should take the foreign China network economy development should go another way to serve ChinaChinese society needs more rule of virtue, and Chinese society needs the rule of lawClosed management in primary and secondary schools is beneficial for students to become successful, and closed management in primary and secondary schools is not conducive to students' successA middle course should advocate a middle course should not bepromoted.All rounder and more adapt to the social competition team more adapted to the societyVending machines to enter the campus outweigh the vending machines to enter the campus more harm than good。
英国议会制辩论赛规则(BP-Debate)
反方二队，一辩
反对党成员"Member for the Opposition"
7分钟
正方二队，二辩
内阁党鞭陈词"Government Whip"
7分钟
反方二队，二辩
反对党党鞭陈词"Opposition Whip"
7分钟
Parliamentary Points of Information
Debaters may offer a point of information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech. The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse points of information. If accepted, the debater making the request has fifteen seconds present the point of information. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues.
A “motion” is the statement around which the debate takes place. The motion divides the ground in the debate between the Proposition and Opposition teams and should allow for reasonable arguments both for and against.
小学生英文辩论赛题目
小学生英文辩论赛题目Today, we are here to debate about an important topic that affects all of us in our daily lives. The topic is about the use of technology in schools.On one side, some people believe that technology is essential for students to learn and adapt to the modern world. They argue that using computers, tablets, and the internet can help students to access information quickly and efficiently. In addition, technology can make learning more fun and interactive, which can lead to better retention of knowledge.On the other side, some people are concerned about the negative impact of technology on students. They argue that excessive screen time can lead to poor eyesight, decreased physical activity, and social isolation. They also worry that students may become too reliant on technology and rely less on critical thinking and problem-solving skills.It is important for us to consider both sides of the argument and come to a conclusion that is best for students' overall well-being and academic success. As young students, we must be mindful of how we use technology and balance its benefits with its drawbacks. Thank you.。
debate
英语辩论赛常用语辩论题目：motion（价值辩论的辩题）Motion :Are you for or against Naked Marriage？正方一辩：1st Affirmative 正方二辩：2nd Affirmative 反方一辩：1st Negative 反方二辩：2nd Negative计时员：time-keeperSchedule：chairman hosting scoring：Presentation 20% Questioning 5% Answering 20%Free debate 20% Summarizing 20% Demeanor 15%行为，风度Round one: position presentation Round two: free debate Round three: position summaryRound Four: Time for questions Both the judge and the audiences could ask questions. Each for one side. Comment from Judge Definition of key wordsEach side has the right to make any reasonable definitions of each of the terms of the motion. A―reasonable‖ definition generally means the definition intended when the motion was phrased, or the technical definition of the term as used by professionals in that field. If the affirmative‘s definition is not reasonable, the negative should challenge it at the earliest opportunity.Reasons and opinionsThe team line is the basic statement of ―why the topic is true?" for the affirmative) and ―why the topic is false?‖ ( for the negative).A debate is a contest, or, perhaps, like a game, where speakers present their arguments intent on persuading one another.A debate is a form of argument. The topic changes from debate to debate. They are often about current issues of public importance or about general philosophies or ideas.What can we learn through debating ? Debating is a way of arguing constructively. Through debating, students can: develop positive attitudes toward the intellectual exchange of ideasdevelop an interest in the investigation of issues and problemsBasic rules：the roles of the debatersWe’ll limit our discussion to team debate. In this type of debate, each team consists of two speakers. Each speake r has specified roles that they must fulfill to play their part in the team.1. 1st affirmative speaker must: Define the topic; Present the affirmative‘s team line; Begin arguments against the negative side.2. 1st negative must: Accept or reject the defi nition. If you don‘t do this it is assumed that you accept the definition. Present the negative team line; Rebut some of the main points of the 1st affirmative speaker; Present strong negative arguments .3. Free debate: rebuttal and refutation speech4.2nd affirmative speaker must: Reaffirm the affirmative‘s team line; Rebut all the remaining points of the negative‘s case; Present a summary of the affirmative‘s case; Round off the debate for the affirmative.5. 2nd negative must: Reaffirm the negati ve‘s team line; Rebut all the remaining points of the affirmative‘s case; Round off the debate for the negative .Construct Effective ArgumentsThere are many techniques that each speaker can use in their speech but there are three main areas that you will be marked on. They are language, content and delivery.1. LanguageLanguage is important, of course, since contestants must be understood. Judges look for accurate pronunciation, and articulation as well as the ability to vary the pace and pitch of the voice when speaking.This often requires speakers to slow their speech more than they would for everyday language.V ocabulary use must be appropriate, correct and interesting although it is perhaps better not to use words that you have difficulty pronouncing.There are no marks to be gained from trying to use big words you don‘t understand or can‘t pronounce.2. ContentContent is what you say, it is the substance of your speech. Y ou should divide your content into arguments and supportingmaterials. An argument is a statement ― The topic is true/false because of X‖, where the argument fills in for the X. For example in the topic ― That the zoos should be closed‖ an argument may be: ―the zoos should be closed because they confine the animals in an unn atural environment‖The most important aspect of debating is that assertions must be justified. No one can be convinced or persuaded of anything if they are given no reason for doing so. That is to say you should use materials to support your arguments. Supporting materials can be examples. An example is a fact or piece of evidence, which supports an argument. Y our arguments can also be backed up with other supporting materials, like reasons, statistics, and even with anecdotes, idioms, proverbs , quotations and analogies.3. Delivery To bring the topic alive, you need to consider your delivery. Here are some tips and pointers.i. Cue cards Do not write out your speech on cue cards. Debating is an exercise in lively interaction between two teams and the audience. Use cue cards the same way you would use a prompt(台词提示) in a play. They are there for reference if you lose your spot.ii. Eye contact If you look at the audience you will hold their attention.iii. V oice Adjust your volume, pitch and rate of speaking to emphasize important points and catch the audie nce‘s attention. * Constant shouting will be very annoying.Refute argumentsRefutation is the process of proving that an argument or a series of arguments, or the conclusions drawn from that argument or arguments, is false, erroneous, or at least doubtful. Q: If, for instance, someone says "X will win the match," how can you refute?. In a debate, effective refutations are key to success. Refutation should be handled systematically. Here are guidelines that you can follow:1. Anticipate what your opponent will say. A speech of rebuttal requires antic ipation of what opponent will say. For any controversial proposal, you should know the material on both sides. If you have an idea of how your opponent will proceed, you will be in a much better position to reply.2. Take careful notes of what your opponent says accurately and as nearly as possible in the actual words used. Sketch your reactions as you listen. Thoughts will come to mind as you are outlining, and you will be in a much better position to respond.3. Find your opponents' fallacies in arguments and attack on that basis.If the opposition's case is built on an assertion with little or no evidence to support the assertion, you can refute the argument on that basis.For every bit of evidence presented, you should ask the four questions: what is the source? Are the data fact or opinion? Are the data recent? Are the data relevant?When speakers do not justify their assertions, it is a golden opportunity for the opposition to request facts or figures. A word of warning however, it will be considered 'weak‗ if a debater merely says, "Please respond" or 'Please give us some evidence" without stating or restating the specific subject that they want evidence on.4. Organize your arguments effectively.Although you do not have long to consider exactly, your refutation must be organized nearly as well as your planned speeches. If you think refutation as units of argument, each organized by following four definite steps, you will learn to prepare and to present refutation effectively.(1) state the argument you are going to refute clearly and concisely.(2) State what you will prove. Y ou must tell your listeners how you plan to proceed so that they will be able to follow your thinking.(3) Present the reasons and data completely and with documentation ( a brief reference to source ).(4) Draw a conclusion. Do not rely on the audience to draw the proper conclusion for you. Never go on to another argument before you have drawn your conclusion.Avoid fallacies in argumentsMaking effective and logical arguments is key to success in a debate. To make your arguments sound, you have to be careful about fallacies in reasoning. A summary of the typical fallacies is presented as follows.1. Emotional argument Emotional arguments are based on feelings, not logic. For example, "Listen ! I love New Zealand. Ilove the All Blacks, the Tall Ferns. We should get down on our knees and thank the sporting gods for them…‖2. Doubtful authority An argument supported by a person who is not accepted as an expert is considered ineffective. Here is one example: Let us consider the questions of sport. My Dad told me that the America‘s Cup is organized for millionaires, and funded by the money the Australians pay us to lose to them in all sports.3. Circular argument Y ou should avoid arguments that go round and round but never get to the point. The following is an example of arguing in a circle: Segregation should be prohibited for it is morally wrong; we know it is morally wrong because it is a practice that should be prohibited. Often arguing in a circle does not appear as clearly as in the example cited. Often it demands keen analysis before you can discover it.4.Irrelevant conclusion Another typical type of fallacy is forming an argument that can not be proved by the ideas put forward. For instance: All these points go to show that on this planet we are the greatest sporting nation ever!5. Limited exampleY ou should avoid an argument which only applies in a few situations. Here is one example: And what about Peter Hillary climbing Everest? That is proof that we are the world's top climbing nation...6. Personal attack Personal attack means criticizing the speaker instead of what they have said, like "Y et the pathetic, pimply, alternative team say this is a good thing for New Zealand..."Do not criticize the individual speakers, criticize what they say. To call someone fat, ugly or a nerd does not make what they say wrong and it will also lose you marks.A few tips to followConfidence is vital in debate. Dress appropriately Have notes prepared. Y ou do not want your debate to be an oral presentation of a written essay. Practice speaking aloud in front of a mirror and then in front of other people.Understand both sides of the debate so that you are prepared to contradict the other side.Be ready to concede small points. It does not matter if you lose many little battles, so long as you win the war.The rules of asking partThe speech of each debater should includes answer part and ask part. The answer should be clear and easy and the question also should be clear.( only one question each time) During the debate, debaters cannot read the imformation that is prepared before. But they can show the summary of any newspaper or book.During the debate, debaters cannot leave sets. They also cannot stop the speaking of the other side debater or their side debater.Tips Become familiar with how logic works. Being able to argue logically will make you very effective at pointing out the flaws and contradictions in your opponent's objections. Y ou don't have to take a formal logic course or memorize logical notation, as long as you understand the basic principles of logic and the logical fallacies.参考句子：Debate language 对方辩友，my fellow debaters /开始的陈词，Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... 陈述的时候一定要自信，把握好时间，如果到后来时间到，你却没陈述完的时候也要保持自信，微笑，不管他们，把话说完，所以陈述部分的最后几句一定要背熟练。
英语口语表达辩论比赛话题debatetopics
It is better to live in a house in the countryside. It is better to live in an apartment in a city.I agree with the smoking ban in public places.I disagree with the smoking ban in public places. If I were American, I'd vote for Hilary Clinton. If I were American, I'd vote for Barack Obama. Cats are better pets than dogs.Dogs are better pets than cats.Everyone should learn English.Everyone should learn Spanish.The driving age should be lowered to 16.The driving age should remain at 18.Global warming is real.Global warming is a myth.It is better to own a car and drive to work.It is better to use public transportation. The US has a problem with guns and violence. The US does not have a problem with guns and violence.Immigration to France should be easier. Immigration to France should be harder. Violent video games are the cause of violent behavior among children.Violent video games are not the cause of violent behavior among children.Money cannot buy happiness.Money can buy happiness.Students should be forced to wear uniforms to school.Students should be allowed to wear their own clothes to school.The final exam (baccalaureat) should be eliminated.The final exam should not be eliminated.。
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No. 1
Background:Every year during public holidays, a wave of price hikes in various sectors—particularly in the restaurant, hotel, car hailing and car wash service
industries—sweeps across the world’s big cities.
Our Question: Are price hikes during holidays acceptable?
Pro: I think price hikes during holidays are acceptable.
Con:I don’t think price hikes during holidays are acceptable.
No. 2
Background: Some visitors complain about the high food prices at some tourist resorts.
Our Question: Are the high food prices at some tourist resorts fair?
Pro: I think the high food prices at some tourist resorts are fair.
Con:I don’t think the high food prices at some tourist resorts are fair.
No. 3
Background: In China, student evaluations are one of the factors that have an impact on assessment of teachers in many colleges and universities, which in turn
impact on teachers’ career advancement.
Our Question: Are student evaluations of teachers appropriate?
Pro: I think student evaluations of teachers are appropriate.
Con:I don’t think student evaluations of teachers are appropriate.
No. 4
Background: Some Chinese universities are considering setting a limit on the surging number of visitors to their campuses amid concerns that tourists might
disrupt the day-to-day operations of the university.
Our Question: Should visitors be banned or restricted from visiting campuses?
Pro: I think visitors should be banned or restricted from visiting campuses.
Con:I don’t think visitors should be banned or restricted from visiting campuses.
No. 5
Background: A tourist from Jiangsu Province was fined 2,400 yuan for wasting 1.2 kg of food at a buffet restaurant recently. Some people believe that the restaurant
has no right to impose such a penalty.
Our Question:Does a buffet restaurant have the right to fine its customers for wasting food?
Pro: I think a buffet restaurant has the right to fine its customers for wasting food.
Con:I don’t think a buffet restaurant has the right to fine its customers for wasting food.
No. 6
Background:The world-renowned physicist Stephen Hawking feared that artificial intelligence (AI) would eventually be superior to humans.
Our Question: Will AI surpass humans in the future?
Pro: I think AI will surpass humans in the future.
Con: I d on’t think AI will surpass humans in the future.
No. 7
Background:A middle school offered scholarships of almost 8 million yuan to the students with top scores in the senior high school entrance examination, which has
triggered a heated debate on the Internet.
Our Question: Is it advisable to offer a huge sum of scholarship to encourage students to achieve top scores?
Pro: I think offering a huge sum of scholarship should be advocated for encouraging students to achieve top scores.
Con:I don’t think off ering a huge sum of scholarship should be advocated for encouraging students to achieve top scores.。