Chapter_3

Introduction
C. The plural Form of Nouns b. The irregular form ① penny 指硬币： He had a few pennies in his pocket. 他口袋里有几个便士的硬币。 penny 指钱数： The apples were 75 pence a kilo. 苹果75便士一公斤。
Introduction

A. Classification a. Proper Nouns ⑤ The name of months, weekdays, and festivals e.g. May, Saturday, Easter, etc. ⑥ The name of books, films, and poems e.g. A Tale of Two Cities, Gone with the Wind, etc. ⑦ The address to the family members e.g. Mum, Dad, Uncle Tom, etc.

Introduction

A. Classification
b. Common Nouns ③ Material Nouns The things that cannot be divided into smaller parts are called material nouns. e.g. beer, coffee, fabric,poison, etc.
Introduction
Байду номын сангаас
2) Abbreviations + -s / - ’s
e.g. VIPs / VIP’s
3) English letters + -’s
e.g. e’s, i’s, etc. Dot your i's and cross your t's. 记得在i上加点，在t上加横。
2)少数词是将-e(s)加在主体词后面： 3)以man和woman构成的合成词：
e.g. fireman-firemen chairwoman-
Introduction

C. The plural Form of Nouns c. Other forms ② Others 1) Years + -s / ’s e.g. the 1990s / 1990’s
Introduction

C. The plural Form of Nouns a. The regular form ③ Ended with –f / - fe f → v + -es e.g. half – halves wolf — wolves Exceptions: /fs/ e.g. roof – roofs cliff- cliffs proof – proofs
Introduction
A. Classification b. Common Nouns（普通名词） ② Collective Nouns e.g. army, audience, family e.g. His family is large. (singular form) 他家人不多。 His family are all music lovers.(plural form) 他家的人都喜欢音乐。
Introduction

A. Classification
④ Abstract Nouns Characteristics: 1) abstract 2) uncountable 3) no plural form
e.g. pride, happiness, sad, etc.
Introduction
Introduction

C. The plural Form of Nouns a. The regular form ② Ended with “-o” + -es e.g. heroes, potatoes, echoes, etc.
Introduction

C. The plural Form of Nouns a. The regular form Exceptions: 1) Vowel + o / oo + -s e.g. videos, radios, studios, etc. 2) Some loan words e.g. pianos, concertos, solos, etc. 3) Some abbreviations and proper nouns e.g. kilos, Eskimos, etc.
Introduction

C. The plural Form of Nouns d. Zero form ① Common condition 1) The name of some animals
e.g. bison, deer, reindeer, cod, etc.
2) Compounding (-craft)

Introduction

C. The plural Form of Nouns b. The irregular form ② Loan words e.g. analysis — analyses basis — bases crisis — crises thesis — theses medium— media phenomenon— phenomena
Introduction

A. Classification a. Proper Nouns ③ The name of certain people e.g. Americans, Russians, Democrats ④ The name of some abstract things e.g. English, Buddhism, Christianity
② Exceptions
1) hair / hairs
e.g. Go and get your hair cut. There’re hairs on your jacket.
2) fruit / fruits
e.g. He does not eat too much fruit. There the most common fruits are pear, apple and peach.
Introduction
C. The plural Form of Nouns b. The irregular form ① man — men woman — women chairwoman—chairwomen policeman — policemen tooth— teeth mouse—mice ox — oxen
Introduction B. Countable noun & Uncountable noun
b. Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable e.g. glass, copper, youth, etc. glass 玻璃 a glass 玻璃杯 copper 铜 a copper 铜币（板） youth 青春 a youth 青年人 power 力量 a power 大国
e.g . Late last year our neighbours bought a goat. Portia White was an opera singer. The bus inspector looked at all the passengers' passes.
Introduction
Chapter 3
Nouns（名词）
Warming-up
Group
discussion Topic for discussion: What is a noun? Do you know which words belong to nouns?
Introduction

Definition
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all nouns:
B.
Countable noun & Uncountable noun a. Some nouns are uncountable in English, but countable in Chinese e.g. Furniture, equipment, news, etc. a piece of furniture "a_____of " an item of news a sheet of paper a bottle of wine
Introduction

A. Classification b. Common Nouns（普通名词） ① Individual Nouns The nouns which indicate the specific person or thing, has both the singular form and the plural form. e.g. a week, weeks, an old man He has two aunts.
e.g. craft, aircraft, hovercraft, etc.
3) The name of some countries