高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit5 Two Basic Ways to See Growth素材
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材
高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 56 What is Autism素材Unit 56What is Autism?Autism is a lifelong developmental disorder that affects the way a person municates and relates to other people. The range and intensity of disability varies widely, but all individuals affected by autism have difficulty with munication, learning and social skills. Autism usually manifests during the first three years of life. Impaired social interaction is the hallmark symptom. Many people affected by autism do not have even one friend. This is very stressful to them and to their families. Individuals affected by autism may also exhibit repeated body movements, unusual responses to people or attachments to objects, resistance to changes in routine, and extreme sensory sensitivity. This monly includes severe reactions to noise and touch, may contribute to increased levels of anxiety and often means that significant levels of supervision are required. There is no definitive cause or cure, but specialized interventions can give individuals affected by autism the tools they need to lead full and productive lives.There are many different myths surrounding autism in the world. Here, are some of the truths about it.Autism is not rare. The latest statistics indicate one in 165 Canadians is affected by Autism, an increase of over 600% in the past ten years. What was once viewed as a rare disorder is now recognized as the most mon neurological disorder affecting children.Autism is not an emotional disturbance, but a neurodevelopmental disorder.Parents do NOT cause autism. It's not the fault of poor parenting. However,parents DO need support to manage difficult behaviors with structure and consistency.People do not "grow out" of autism. With early intervention and good educational programs progress may be significantly better. The autistic need to be learning, living and working in settings where there is ample opportunity to municate and interact with others who have the skills they need.People affected by autism range from those with a severe developmental disability to those who are intellectually gifted. In a similar way, the spectrum includes individuals who are non-verbal and can learn to use augmentative munication systems and those who are highly verbal but have difficulty using language in social situations and understanding non-verbal munication. It is very rare for someone affected by autism to demonstrate the fantastic mathematical and artistic abilities exhibited by Dustin Hoffman's character in the film "Rainman", but many people with autism have isolated skills in areas such as date calculation, statistics or rote memory.。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 80 Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the US素材
高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 80 Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the US素材Unit 80Civil Rights Movement against Segregation in the USDuring and after World War II, challenges to segregation became more common and more successful. Three major factors accounted for this:-- The Great MigrationThe g reat migrat ion was the movement of blacks from the Southern states to the Northern and Western ones for a range of reasons including better jobs, better schools, and a less racist environment. It began during World War I, continued during the 1930s, and expanded dramatically in the 1940s and 1950s. The great migration introduced millions of blacks to a world in which formal segregation did not exist and basic facilities, like transportation, restaurant, and public bathrooms, were open to all people. However, the North was not without racism. Blacks could not move to certain neighborhoods, were denied access to many jobs, and were informally segregated. But, despite segregation and exclusion by individuals, unions, and employers, blacks who moved to the North were able to love without the oppression of day-to-day segregation. They were thus better able to oppose legalized segregation in the South.-- Changes in American PoliticsWhile the great migration changed how black Americans lived, the Great Depression of the 1930s and the New Deal altered American politics by setting a precedent for government activism. The administration of President Frankl in Roosevelt assumed a new role of intervening in society to ensure jobs, justice, and the prosperity of the American people, who were severely affected by the Depression. Roosevelt himself was liberal on race and appointed blacks to high offices. The president's wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, made clear her hatred for segrega tion. In a gesture that symbolized a sharp break with previous administrations, she invited the National Council of Negro Women to have tea at the White House. By the eve of World War II, black voters regularly elected officials in a number of Northern states. These newly elected officials actively fought against segregation and racism although not always successfully.-- Social and Cultural ChangesA final drive to the civil rights movement was World War II. The struggle against Nazism forced some Americans to reconsider the legitimacy of racism in the United States. The Holoc aust of six million Jews, merely because of their ethnicity, led some Americans to realize that racism could be a threa t to democracy itself. Blacks also served in the military in unprecedented number s. Thus, the war experience though t many people that equality was possible. Following the war, black veteransreturned with a new sense of purpose. Joining them in the struggle against segregation was a better-educated and financially more secure black middle class and working class living in the North. Many blacks had earned high wages in war industries, were members of industrial unions, and politically active. Finally, the postwar world forced the government to face the threat that segregation posed to international relations. After the war, many colonies in Asia and Africa gained their independence from European domination. At the same time, the Cold War struggle with the Communist Government of USSR forced the Unit ed States to seek the good will of these nations. Segregation undermined the nation's ability to negotiate with these new nations while giving the USSR ammunition in its propaganda war against the United States. Leaders of the American foreign policy establishment urged an end to segregation at home as a way of fighting Communism abroad.。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 59 Four Rules for a Succes
高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 59 Four Rules for aSuccessful Marriage素材Unit 59Four Rules for a Successful MarriageCouples usually ask for advice when they are just about ready to throw in the towel. Their Love Banks have been losing love units so long that they are now deeply in the red. And their negative Love Bank accounts makes them feel very unfortable just being in the same room with each other. To be in love again means they must re-deposit all of the love units that were withdrawn. In order to deposit enough love units to fall in love, they must follow rules that they don't feel like following.The Rule of Care: Meet Your Spouse's Most Important Emotional NeedsEven when the feeling of love begins to fade, or when it's gone entirely, it can be recovered when ever you both go back to being an expert at knowing each other's needs and learn to meet those needs in a way that is fulfilling to your spouse, and enjoyable for you, too.The Rule of Protection: Avoid Being the Cause of Your Spouse's Unhappiness It's pointless to deposit love units if you withdraw them right away. So in addition to meeting important emotional needs, you must be sure to protect the Love Bank from withdrawals by paying attention to ow your everyday behavior makes each other unhappy. You and your spouse were born to be angry, disrespectful, demanding, annoy and dishonest. These are normal human traits that I call Love Busters because they destroy affection. To eliminate them, you will do whatever it takes to overe these destructive tendencies for your spouse's protection.The Rule of HonestyReveal to your spouse as much information about yourself as you know -- your thoughts, feelings, habits, likes, dislikes, personal history, daily activities, and plans for the future. Honesty and Openness can trigger the feeling of love. But its counterpart, dishonesty, is one of the most destructive Love Busters. Besides, honesty is the only way couples will e to understand each other. To avoid conflict, they sometimes deliberately misinform each other as to their feelings, personal history, activities, and plans. This not only leads to a failure to meet an important emotional need, and a withdrawal of love units when the deception is discovered, it also makes marital conflicts impossible to resolve. After all, how can you and your spouse solve a problem if your cards are not on the table? Without honesty, the adjustments that are crucial to the creation of patibility in your marriage cannot be made.The Rule of Time: Take Time to Give Your Spouse Your Undivided Attention When you are dating, you give each other this kind of attention and you fall in love. When people have affairs, they also give each other this kind of attention to keep their love for each other alive. Why should courtship and affairs be the only times love is created? Why can't it happen in marriage as well? It can, if you set aside time every week to give each other undivided attention. Schedule your time to be alone with each other as your highest priority, even if your career, your time with your children, and a host of other demands will pete for your time together.。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit22 The Voices of Time素材
Unit 22The Voices of TimeTime talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways.Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to the event. Managers in the US fully realize the importance of an announcement made during the middle of the mor ning or afternoon that takes everyone away from his work.In the US, it is not customary to call som eone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is urgent and requires imme diate attention. The same meaning is attached to phone c alls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it is a matter of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.Imagine the excitement and fear caused by a crowd of people arriving at the door at 2:00 am. On an island in the South Pacific, a plant manager from the US had just such an experience. The natives of the island met one night to discuss a problem, when they arrived at a solution, they went to see the manager and woke him up to tell him what had been decided. Unfortunately, it was after 2 o'clock in the morning. They did not know th at it is a very serious matte r to wake up Americans at this hour. The manager, who did not understand the local culture, thought there was a fight and called out the military troops. it never occurred to him or to the natives that parts of a day have different meanings in different cultures.In social life, time plays an important part. In the US, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only3 or4 days before the party date. But in other areas of the world, it may bec onsidered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because it tends to be forgotten.Americans look ahead and are concerned with the future. The American idea of future is limited, howev er. It is the foreseeable future and not the future of the South Asians, which may involve centuries.Promptness is also valued highly in American life. People who are not prompt may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps h e will not complete the sentence. To an American, being half an hour late is the beginning of the "insultperiod". No matter what is said in apology, there is little that can remove the damage done by a 30-minute wait.Since time has such different meanings in different cultures, communication is sometimes difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we keep this fact in m ind.。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 89 Seven Myths of Single W
高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 89 Seven Myths ofSingle Womanhood素材Unit 89Seven Myths of Single WomanhoodThere is much confusion and concern over what it means to be a single lady. This is because most young women swallow enough of the singlehood lies to permeate themselves with single sickness. It is hard not to believe these myths. They're fed to us everywhere, even from well-meaning people who try to be encouraging.Myth 1. Singleness is lonely. This is simply not the case. The only singles who claim to be lonely are those who choose to be lonely. Perhaps if a young woman is living on her own, there is more room for this feeling to creep in. One of the reasons why singleness seems so daunting is because of the very term itself: Single. It conjures up the image of a lone person, going through life with no panions. Yet being a single only applies to the lack of a marriage partner. To call yourself lonely when all you lack is one person in your life is foolish. There is a whole host of other people whose relationships can be just as meaningful as a marriage partner. The single life should only open up more opportunities for relationships to develop.Myth 2. Singleness is a waiting period. This is partially true; but when made the main focus, it actually bees devastating. We've all heard about waiting for our ship to e in. it means that one of these days we're going to get a big break (marriage), and then life will be more meaningful after that (close panionship, children, etc.).I think this is more of an intellectual problem than anything else. The difference es when we change our mode of thinking. Instead of thinking about waiting, why not think about doing? Your single years can be some of the best years of your life, so why not get busy today?Myth3. If you're single, other people should feel badly for you. Why do people tend to be sympathetic toward singles? Because single people ask for it. There are few examples of truly contented singles. Even under a pretense of satisfaction, there lies a note of discontent and perhaps anger. Single women need to cultivate a proper attitude and choose to be cheerful.Myth 4. The older you are, the less of a chance there is of getting arrived. Being younger definitely doesn't mean more qualified. In fact e longer you wait, the more advantages you may have. The longer the wait until you are married, the greater chance to refute this myth!Myth 5. Not ever having had a young man interested in you should be cause for concern. This myth is the root of why many women struggle with singleness. If they could have just one opportunity to turn down a date, the single life could be more bearable. Women who have never had a guy o much as look their way envy others who seem to have an endless supply of courtship partners. Think of this: romantic interest can be very disordered. So often what people call true love is only a passing fancy (no matter how long it may linger!) There are many men who seemingly have a romantic interest in a woman, when it is all really just an attraction. There are men who give attention to a woman so they can have their own ego flattered. Not all men are like this, but it happens more often than we think. Don't think all attention is meaningful.。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit 65 The Ameri
高考英语《流行话题语境识词4500》Unit 65 The American SleepDeficit素材Unit 65The American Sleep DeficitThere are many things that divide Americans. But at least one thing unites us. Most of us -- 64 percent, to be precise -- are sleep-deprived. A recent survey by the National Sleep Foundation found that lack of sleep interfer es with the daily activities of 40 percent of adults.Now before you yawn, rub your eyes and hit the snooze button, consider the consequences of living in a nation of sleepyheads. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, sleep deprivation is responsible for at least 100,000 crashes and 1,500 deaths a year. But while we have national campaigns against drunk driving and speeding, there is no outcry against driving while sleepy. Maybe it's because we can't measure fatigue with a yawnometer. But I think the real answer lies in our workaholic culture's contempt for a time-waster like sleep. "I never sleep, because sleep i s the cousin of death," Nas rapped in "N.Y. State of Mind"."Anything which tends to slow work down is a waste," Thomas Edison said, predicting that the light bulb would make 24-hour workdays possible. And, indeed, over the past century Americans have reduced their average nightly sleep time by more than 20 percent -- wearing the dark circles under their eyes like badges of honor. Our political leaders are particularly proud of how little rest they get. "None of us have had a great deal of sleep," a bleary eyed President Bush said after burning the midnight oil deciding whether or not to bomb Iraq.Unfortunately, there is a strong correlat ion between poor decision-making and lack of sleep. A NASA study found that 21 percent of pilot errors are related to fatigue. The American Airlines crash in Arkansas earlier this month may have been due to the pilots' impaired judgment after 13 1/2 straight hours on duty. And sleep deprivation has been a factor in some of the biggest disasters in recent history, including Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez spill, the Challenger explosion and the marriage of Pamela Anderson and Tommy Lee.Even putting aside disasters like these, sleep deprivation costs US businesses $100 billion a year in accidents and reduce d productivity. Prof. Moore-Ede of the Harvard Medical School has recommended napping policies for corporations, an in some offices nap times are starting to replace coffee breaks. Dr. James Maas, author of "Power Sleep", is al so an advocate of sleeping on the job: "By napping for 15 to 20 minutes, you can regain creativity and problem-solving skills."Imagination, originality, the ability to think -- all qualities conspicuously lacking in our leaders -are the first casualties of sleep deprivation. Those aspiring to leadership should read history. Thomas Jefferson, Winston Churchill and Rona ld Reagan were all renowned nappers. "Don't think," C hurchill warn ed his colleagues,"you will be doing less work because you sleep during the day. That's a foolish notion held by people w ho have no imagination. You will be able to accomplish more."Maybe we should spend more time worrying about how many hours our leaders are sleeping rather than whom they are sleeping with. Now that o ur budget is in the black, how about turning our attention to the national sleep deficit?。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit10 Motorism素材
Unit 10MotorismThe scene is a petrol station somewhere in England. A queue of cars stretches back over a kilometer down the road. As veh icles move slowly to wards the pumps, the air fills with the sound of the car horns. People are getting frustrated and angry. Suddenly a fight starts. Two respectable-looking men in business suits are hitting each other. One has accused the other of jumping the queue. The British petrol crisis started in Sep. 2000, and car owners began panic buying. Many are genuinely worried about being able to get to work. But many more had no need for petrol. They still waitedfor hours to put tiny amounts in the fuel tank. Others wasted their fuel driving from place to place trying to buy more. Soon a serious shortage developed.Things are back to normal now. But the big scare has raised lots of questions about the effectof car culture on society in general. According to sociologists, a motorist is not just a person who uses a car to go from one place to another. He is someone whose attitudes and beliefs are closely linked to the fact that he owns a car. He has a certain way of looking at he world. Call it "motorism".It is a philosophy that can be summed up in two words -- me first.To the committed motorist, the car represents freedom. People without cars have to wait for bus or train. They go where it wants them to go. And they have no choice over who goes with them. The car driver can go exactly where he wants. he can choose the t ime of journey and travel with anyone he likes, or no one at all. When he passes a line of people at a bus stop, he smiles. Heis a different and better human being. He is a car-owner.Gradually, th e car becomes part of his family. The thought that it might go short of petrol affects him in the same way as the thought his child might go hungry. He will do anything or go anywhereto satisfy that hunger. Many car owners do not think like this. They depend on a car for physical reasons. But others become psychologically depe ndent on their cars.Car culture is an accepted part of many Western societies. But the panic buying of petrol in Sep. showed that it would be a dangerous way to think. It is like having a friend who believes he can fly. Everybody laughs, unt il he jumps out of the window.There are signs that people are realizing this. Some of those who queued for hours for petrol nowsay they are a bit a shamed of themselves. Next time they will stop and think. According to the manufacturers, bicycle sales have risen by over 30 percent since the crisis. Some people are atlast trying to break the car habit. Bicycles might be slower and less comfort able than cars. But everyone knows who is in charge.1 / 1。
高考英语《流行话题 语境识词4500》Unit33 The Founder of RollsRoyce (II)素材
Unit 33The Founder of Rolls-Royce (II)About the same time, Charles Rolls was also in busin ess for himself, like Royce, very successfully. But a chieving this had been rather less of a struggle for Rolls than it was for his future partner. Rolls was born into the aristocracy, being the third son of Lord and Lady Llangattock. The landed gentry were never expected to work in those days and Rolls, like most young men in similar families, was reared for a life of ease and luxury. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge University where his natural talent for engineering work enabled him to gain a degree in Mechanical Engineering and Applied Sciences. It was while he was still at Cambridge that he began to take an interest in the fledgling motor industry. He went to France with his father and on his return bought himself a car, which soon made a name for himself with Rolls at the wheel. It was the first car ever seen at Cambridge. By the time Rolls graduated, he was probably the most skilful driver in the country. In 1902, Rolls had gone into business for himself selling motor cars and the firm, known as CS Rolls Co. quickly became a leading motor car distributor.Rolls, however, still had two major ambitions. First he wanted his name to be associated with cars in the same way as Chubb's was with safes and Steinway's was with pianos. And, secondly, he wanted to find a British car as good or preferably better than the foreign cars he was then selling. But he very nearly missed his chance to achieve both these aims at once because when Henry Edmunds, a sh areholder in Royce Ltd, told Rolls about Hen ry Royce's new 2 cylinder car, Rolls assumed that it would be as noisy and inefficient as all the other 2 cylinder cars on the road. He was, of course, wrong and Henry Edmunds persuaded Rolls to make the trip up to Manchester to see the car.Rolls, Edmunds and Royce met at t he Midland Hotel in Manchester and the meeting was an immediate s uccess. Rolls tried the car and became a wholehearted enthusiast and he said afterwards that Royce "was the man I have been looking for years". An agreement was quickly reached giving Rolls exclusive sales rights for all the cars Royce could produce and the two men really got down to work. On December 23rd, 1904, a contract between the two companies was signed, including a clause stipulating that all the cars should be called "Rol ls-Royce".The story of the brand goes back 100 years and its name has become linked with that of Bentley Motors since the 1930s. But the greatest change in its long and illustrious history took place towards the end of the last millennium. The company had been owned by British defense group Vickers plc since 1980, and was sold to thehighest bidder -- Volkswagen -- in 1998. The German car maker took control of Bentley and the factory in Crewe, Cheshire but the right to the famous Rolls-Royce name was retained by aero engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce plc.。
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Unit 5
Two Basic Ways to See Growth
There are two ba sic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language -- all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growt h is much more difficult to determine, since by definitio n, it is a journey and not the specific signposts and landmarks along the way.
The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution and courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
In their process, the journey never reall y ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accep t the possibility that they may fail at first.
How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow.
Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend t o take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences.
Do we think we are shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move more slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we are not smart enough to cope with a new challenge?
Then we are likely to take a more passive role or n ot to try at all.
These feelings of insecur ity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow.
If we do not confront and overcome th ese internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow.
We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.。