阅读理解—推断题突破
阅读理解题型专项突破之推理判断

阅读理解题型专项突破之推理判断【命题特点】这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。
它包括判断和推理题。
这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。
所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。
【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有:It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.The writer suggests that___________.What's the author's attitude toward___________?The writer probably feels that___________.The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,把握文章的真正内涵。
①要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从非凡到一般,通过分析、综合、判定等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。
高中语文_论述类文本阅读的逻辑推断题突破教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

由此及彼,去伪存真——论述类文本逻辑推断题型突破2.典题精做,掌握论述类文本阅读拓展延伸题型的解题方法。
3. 模拟冲刺,培养自信,稳定心态。
【考试说明】阅读一般论述类文章。
1. 理解 B(1)理解文中重要概念的含义(2)理解文中重要句子的含意2. 分析综合 C(1)筛选并整合文中的信息(2)分析文章结构,把握文章思路(3)归纳内容要点,概括中心意思(4)分析概括作者在文中的观点态度【前情回顾】1. 考情6. 下列对本文主旨的概括,正确的一项是()(3分)7.下列理解和分析,符合原文意思的一项是()(3分)8.根据原文内容,下列表述不正确的一项是()(3分)【典题精析】一、(2016.3·泰安一模·论述类文本阅读·T8)(原文见试卷)8.根据原文内容,下列表述不正确的一项是A.春联、福字、窗花,象征吉祥如意的红灯笼,以“孝”为载体的家国天下情怀,这些都是中国文化中的民俗文化事象、文化符号。
B.汉字具有极强的造词能力,如以“电”为词干可组成电灯、电话、电脑等词语,可准确而形象地表达层出不穷的新事物、新概念。
C.北京奥运会开幕式上表演的四大发明、上海世博会中国馆采用的“中国红”,都是中华文化元素经典性和时代性的体现。
D.美国好莱坞动画片《功夫熊猫》《花木兰》演绎中华文化元素并获得成功,充分说明中华文化完全可以“走出去”。
答案解析二、(2015·山东·论述类文本阅读·T8)(原文见《山东高考》P42)8. 根据原文内容,下列表述不正确的一项是A.“所有的人,正像我一样,郁是黑白相间的花斑马——好坏相间,好好坏坏,亦好亦坏。
”这句话道出了人的性格模糊性特征。
B.某作家说自己的写作经历过“把好人当坏人写,把坏人当好人写,把自己当罪人写”三个阶段,这体现了他对人物性格模糊性的重视。
C.曹禺在《雷雨》中塑造的周朴园这一人物,既伪善霸道,又对侍萍怀有某种真挚的情感,具有很强的性格元素模糊性。
中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义

中考英语--阅读理解之推断题专题讲义【错题回顾】错题一.Are You Right Handed or Left Handed?Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward(别扭的).In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude(得出结论)that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. It’s simply like the color of our eyes – some people have brown eyes, while some others have black eyes.However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming.Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually(在视觉方面). In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If you’re mixed handed, you can probably remember.52. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .A. may be more talkative and outgoingB. are ordinary people like right-handersC. might remember everyday things betterD. no longer need to use right-handed tools学生解答:52. D正确答案:52. B解析:全文并没有明确的信息判断。
初中阅读理解中的细节推断题解题技巧

初中阅读理解中的细节推断题解题技巧阅读理解是学生在学习语文时经常遇到的题型之一,而细节推断题是其中的一种常见题型。
在这篇文章中,我将为大家介绍初中阅读理解中的细节推断题解题技巧。
1. 通读全文:在解答细节推断题之前,首先需要通读全文。
通过通读全文,可以对文章的主题和大意有一个整体的了解。
同时,我们也能够在其中找到与细节相关的信息。
2. 确定问题要求:在阅读题目时,我们应该仔细阅读,明确问题要求。
通常细节推断题会要求我们根据文章中的信息进行推理和推断,从而找出合适的答案。
3. 寻找定位词:在阅读文章时,我们需要注意寻找定位词。
定位词是指文章中能够帮助我们快速定位到答案所在的关键词。
常见的定位词有数字、时间、地点、人物等。
4. 关注上下文:在解答细节推断题时,需要关注上下文的语境。
有时候,我们可以通过上下文的提示来推断出细节具体的含义和答案。
5. 排除干扰项:在选择答案时,我们需要仔细比较选项,并排除干扰项。
有时候干扰项可能与文章内容类似,但是并不符合题目的要求。
因此,要注意细节的准确性,避免被干扰项迷惑。
6. 多做练习:细节推断题是一种需要积累和提高的能力。
为了更好地解答这类题目,我们可以多做一些练习题,提高自己的解题技巧和阅读理解能力。
总结起来,解答初中阅读理解中的细节推断题需要我们全面理解文章的内容,并且通过寻找定位词、关注上下文、排除干扰项等方法来确定正确答案。
通过多做练习,我们可以提高自己的解题能力,更好地应对这类题型。
希望这些技巧能够对大家在阅读理解中有所帮助。
解读阅读理解题中的推理与推断题型

解读阅读理解题中的推理与推断题型阅读理解题是各类考试中常见的题型之一,它不仅考查阅读能力,还对推理与推断能力提出了要求。
在解读阅读理解题中的推理与推断题型时,我们需要理解题目要求,灵活运用相关技巧与方法,以此提高解题的准确性和效率。
一、推理题型在阅读理解题中的推理题型中,我们需要通过阅读文章的内容,综合分析、归纳、推断出隐含在文中但未直接提供的信息或观点。
下面将介绍几种常见的推理题型和解题技巧。
1. 事实推理题事实推理题要求根据文章的信息,推断出与之相关、但未在文章中明确提及的事实。
解题时,首先要仔细阅读文章,理解文章的主旨和细节信息。
根据所提供的信息,运用逻辑推理能力,进行合理的猜测和判断。
2. 细节推理题细节推理题要求根据文章中的细节信息,进行推断。
解题时,可以通过与题目相关的句子或段落,在文中找到相关信息进行推理。
需要注意理解信息的准确性和推论的合理性。
3. 逻辑推理题逻辑推理题要求根据文章的逻辑关系,进行推断。
解题时,需要理解文章的逻辑结构,注意因果关系、转折关系、并列关系等,并运用逻辑推理能力进行分析。
二、推断题型在阅读理解题中的推断题型中,我们需要根据文章的信息和暗示,进行推断出合理的结论或观点。
下面将介绍几种常见的推断题型和解题技巧。
1. 观点推断题观点推断题要求根据文章中提供的信息和观点,进行进一步的推断。
解题时,需要理解作者的观点和立场,从中推断出作者可能的观点。
2. 目的推断题目的推断题要求根据文章中提供的信息和目的,进行推断。
解题时,需要理解作者的写作目的和意图,从中推断出作者写作的目的。
3. 结论推断题结论推断题要求根据文章中提供的信息和论据,进行推断。
解题时,需要理解文章的论证过程和论据,从中推断出可能的结论。
解答阅读理解题中的推理与推断题型,需要深入理解文章的内容和意图,灵活运用相关技巧和方法。
在解题过程中,可以多读多练,提高自己的阅读理解能力和推理能力。
相信通过不断地学习和练习,我们会在解答推理与推断题型时取得更好的成绩。
高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧

高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧从历年高考试题可以看出,推理判断题是英语阅读理解的常考题型之一,同时也是考生们失分较多的题。
这类题型考查对文章中隐含或深层的含义的理解能力,要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题型吧!【推理判断题的类型】1. 文章出处、来源以及读者对象推断对于这类题型考生可以从文章的格式以及内容出发,例如:(1)报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
新闻的事实性、严肃性较强,文章风格严谨、客观,就某一事实评论时通常不会出现对某一观点很大的倾向性。
(2)广告:广告的格式特殊,容易辨认。
产品广告通常包括对物品的介绍、推广、价格等,招聘广告会包括对招聘人员的要求及职位描述。
(3)产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
(3)网站:通过文中online(在线)、web(网络)、website(网址)、click(点击)等字眼可轻松判断出文章源于网络。
因此,考生在平时的学习中需要留意不同文体的结构和语言特征,以便考试时能迅速识别正确答案。
【考例】(2022年新高考I卷,A篇)21. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.解析:根据文章标题Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature“文学导论课程评分规则”以及Essays (60%)下的“the grade for this course (本课程的成绩)”和Group Assignments (30%)下的“...Blackboard, our online learning and course management system (...Blackboard,在线学习和课程管理系统)”可推知,本文是对一个文学导论课程评分规则的详细介绍,应该是选自课程方案。
阅读技巧推理推断题的解题方法

阅读技巧推理推断题的解题方法阅读理解是考试中常见的题型之一,其中推理推断题是考察学生对文章细节的理解能力以及推理推断能力的重要题型。
本文将为大家介绍一些解答推理推断题的方法和技巧。
一、理解问题在解答推理推断题之前,首先需要仔细阅读问题,理解问题的要求。
问题常常会以“根据文章可推断”、“根据作者的意图”等方式提问,因此我们需要明确提问的方向和目标。
二、寻找线索解答推理推断题需要从文章中寻找线索,这些线索可能是直接提供的信息,也可能是需要我们通过推理和推断得出的信息。
要注意的是,我们需要仔细阅读全文,理解作者表达的意思,抓住关键信息。
三、推理推断在寻找线索的基础上,我们需要进行推理推断,根据文章中的信息和我们之前的知识和经验进行思考。
推理推断的关键是要基于正确的逻辑和合理的推断过程。
可以根据以下几种常见的推理推断方法进行分析:1. 归纳法:根据文章中的事实和细节,推测出一个普遍性的结论。
这种方法常用于归纳总结题。
2. 反证法:通过推论的反面证明原论断的正确性。
当文章中提供了几种情况或观点时,可以用反证法来推断答案。
3. 类推法:通过对已有事物或观点的认识,推论出新的结论。
这种方法常用于推测作者的态度或意图。
4. 逆向思维法:从相反的方向思考问题,通过排除错误选项得出正确答案。
四、排除干扰项在选择答案时,需要排除干扰项,保持头脑清醒,不被表面的词句所迷惑。
一些常见的干扰项包括:过于绝对化的选项、无法用已有信息推理出来的选项、与文章意思相反的选项等。
我们需要通过逐个对比选项并分析其与文章的关联,从而选择正确的答案。
五、验证答案在选择答案之后,需要进行验证。
可以通过重新阅读文章来确认所选答案是否与文章中的信息相符。
如果答案与文中事实、观点等不一致,需要重新寻找线索,并重新进行推理推断。
六、切勿臆断在解答推理推断题时,我们要避免臆断和主观判断。
要以文章为依据,根据文章中的信息和线索进行准确的推理推断。
同时要阅读全文,避免根据部分信息得出错误结论。
阅读理解之推断题解题技巧

社名称。 (2) 广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。 (3) 产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会 有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用 说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。 (4) 网站:文中会出现click (点击)、 online (在线)、web (网络)、website (网 址) 等字眼。 (5) 展览手册:提供有关展会的各方面信 息。
【例5】 Who are the intended readers of the passage? A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general. 由第四句中we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes,and that our Grandmas think we’re...等可知,本文应当是写给青 少年阅读的。
Exemplifying in Skills
D. 推断文段的作用 The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ______.
【例6】 The first paragraph serves as a(n) _____. A. explanation B. introduction C. comment D. background 文章首段先以一句话概括了全文大意, 即英国下月即将针对外国司机实施一项 新的法规, 其后的段落都是围绕这一大 意展开的, 故首段作用应为引入话题, 故本题选B。
【例2】
The author’s father wrote notes in pen____.
A. to both his family and his staff B. to his family in small letters C. to his family on the fridge D. to his staff on the desk
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推断题突破根据阅读材料中所提供的信息推断出未知的能力,多出现在故事类阅读中。
标志——infer / imply / inform/in order to show……/learn from this passage that ……等进行提问。
解决此类题要注意,一是与原文相同的细节不能选,二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断,三是要注意感情色彩比较浓的形容词和副词,从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度(肯定或否定,赞成或反对,褒扬或讽刺,喜好或厌恶等)。
解题过程中只要注意上述几点,再结合做细节和主旨的方法,即可以做出推理判断题。
问写作目的:The purpose in writing this text is to _________. The author writes this passage to __________.The author in this passage intends to _________.问观点/结论:It can be inferred from the passage that _________. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? From the passage we can conclude that _________.问文章出处:The passage is most likely to be taken from __________. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of _________.问人物性格:What do we know about somebody from the text? Somebody can be said to be ________.第一类:问态度类关键:找感情色彩的褒义、贬义词。
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine and help sick people: Other people worry that when we can learn more “words” and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive (有吸引力的), or stop sick people getting jobs.5. What do people think about this research about DNA?A. It can be only bad.B. It can be only good.C. I t can be good but won’t work.D. It can be good and bad. 提炼出来作文中的模板,不同意见类Most people hope/agree/think/believe/wish…..Other people worry/disagree/say that when….., we will….., or…… 第二类:推断细节类——变相细节题关键:回到原文处,再进行推断常见错因:没读懂、想太多原文细节必错第三类:出处类——像个侦探,寻找蛛丝马迹Want to know what we can do to help make our city a better place to live in Why not take part in “Clean & Green weekend” Join us, and you can make new friends and help protect the environment at the same time.Park LifeDo you like hanging out in the park with your friends If so,why not take the chance to come with us and tidy up the park as you go? To add some fun, there is a gift for the person who collects the most rubbish! Meet us at the south entrance to Taohe Park at 9 a.m. next Saturday if you want to join in.The Air You BreatheA great way to make the air we breathe cleaner is by planting lots of trees!It is a fact that trees slowly filter (过滤) a lot of pollutants from the air. So come and help us plant some new ones in Fenhe Park at 2 p.m. next Sunday. War on Graffiti(涂鸦)Some people think graffiti is cool. Well, it is not! The best way to stop buildings from becoming totally covered in ugly graffiti is to get rid of it as soon as possible. And that is exactly what we are going to do. We are repainting the school walls from 1 p.m. on Saturday. You don’t have to bring any tools, just remember to wear some old clothes!根据上面三个倡议的内容,选择正确答案。
1. The main purpose of “Clean & Green Weekend” is to.A. make our city more beautifulB. offer the chance to have funC. help students meet old friendsD. have a nice weekend2. The students who want to join in the rubbish collecting activity must meet.A. at 1 p.m. on SaturdayB. at 2 p.m. next SundayC. at 9 a.m. next SaturdayD.at 3 a.m. on Sunday38. If we’re going to repaint the school walls, we need to.A. draw pictures wellB. wear some old clothesC. bring some tools with usD. wear some new clothes2. According to the passage, we know.A. graffiti can make the buildings look coolB. the person who collects rubbish can get a giftC. we can plant trees to improve the environmentD. we can draw pictures on the wall3. We might read the above passage.A. in a fashion magazineB. on a school notice boardC. in a newspaper advertisementD. on a hospital notice board第四类:故事类读懂故事就搞定搞清起因——经过——结果At the end of the wedding party for Monica and Nick ,Monica's mother gave her a new bank saving passbook (存折)as a present. She advised her to put some money in the bank when they had happy things in their life and wrote them down in the passbook. She told her to keep it as a record of her marriage (婚姻).Monica shared her mother's idea with Nick. The following were their deposits (存款)after some time :* 7 February: $ 300, first birthday, celebration for Nick after we got married* 15 April: $ 500, Monica got a better jobHowever, after years, they began to quarrel (争吵)every day. One day Monica told her mother that they could not live together any longer and agreed to divorce. Her mother said, “Just do whatever you want to. But before that, take out all the money in the passbook and spend it."So Monica went to the bank. While she was waiting, she took a look at the passbook record. Suddenly the happiness in the past came up to her mind. She went back home, handed the passbook to Nick and asked him to spend the money before getting divorced.The next day, Nick gave the passbook back to Monica. She found a new deposit of $ 5,000 with the words, "This is the day I notice how much I love you and how much happiness you've brought me."1. At the end of the wedding party, Monica's mother gave her .A. $ 5,000B. a better jobC. a birthday cardD. a bank saving passbook2. The underlined word "divorce" in the passage means ..A.离婚B.出走C.忍受D.告别3. Which is the correct order of the following?a. Monica got married.b. Nick made a new deposit of $ 5,000.c. They began to quarrel with each other.d. Monica went to the bank but returned without doing anything.A. a一b~d―c B, a一c一d~b C. c一b~a~d D. b~d—a一c4. From die passage we can infer (推断)that .A. Monica left her husband in the endB. they loved each other again as beforeC. what Monica’s mother did was not helpfulD. Monica and Nick spent all the money in the passbook 总结推断题:1.问infer, 照抄细节必错,抄错细节更错!2.问态度,分清褒贬义(到底贬义多还是贬义多),作者的态度3.问出处,寻找蛛丝马迹,不能想当然,凭自己的感觉。