WEEE case
WEEE称重方法
4
MADE TO TRADE. Title of the presentation.
Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Example: Earphones/ Headphones 例如 耳机 例如:
Take away packaging and all acE TO TRADE. Title of the presentation.
Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Source:
http://www.stiftung-ear.de/ http://www.stiftung-ear.de/hersteller/regelsetzung/regelbuch 1
MADE TO TRADE. Title of the presentation. Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Status [or presenter]: Month 2010 | © METRO AG 2010
Example: Turntables 唱盘
Take away packaging and all accessories: 拿开包装和配件
Non-detachable adaptors will be included 将包括不可拆卸 适配器 Remove batteries before weighing items e.g. remote controls 称量物品前先移 除电池,如:远程控 制
The weight of the device in operational condition and fit for use, ie The basic version of the factory settings. This does not include: 称重的仪器必须是能正常操作且适合的. WEEE称重不包括: Packaging material 包装物料 accompanying documents 附带的文件 Additional accessories / additions that do not contain electrical components, eg Carrying case, bags 额外的配件(指那些不包含有电子配件的, 例如箱子, 袋子) Consumables (for example, CD, DVD, drill) 耗材(例如, CD, DVD, 钻头) Batteries, regardless of whether permanently installed or removed easily电池，不 论是否永久安装或移除容易
iPhone手机背后面的那些标志都代表什么
iPhone手机背后面的那些标志都代表什么爱思英语编者按：拿出你的iPhone，取下手机壳，翻到手机背面，看到苹果的标志了吗？眼神再往下移一点，看到最下面那一串空心的符号了吗？明白这些神秘符号都是在讲什么吗？咱们今天就来解密。
What Do Those Symbols on the iPhone Mean?question the significance behind that peculiar row of symbols appearing near the bottom. What do they mean? Is it a secret Apple language that will eventually replace our alphabet?The truth is out there. And significantly less sinister. Here’s what you’re really looking at.· The “FC” logo actually hosts a third “C,” which indicates that the iPhone is Federal Communications Commission (FCC) compliant. The FCC governs devices that use radio frequency; phones fall under their Class B banner, which mandates they not cause or receive any harmful emissions under normal use [PDF].· Next is clearly a garbage can on wheels with a very disapproving “X” laid over it. Apple is not being subtle incautioning you not to throw the device away with the rest of your trash. The company advises owners to contact their local waste authority to find how best to rid themselves of the unit. This specific symbol, however, indicates WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive cooperation, a European attempt to minimize electronic waste in landfills by making it fun to type and say WEEE. · The exclamatio n mark inside a circle signals a Class II wireless device, which is important for users in other countries: not all the frequency bands the device may try to use are available everywhere.· “0682” and “CE” are also European markers. The number designates who approved it (Cetecom ICT services, an accreditation firm) and “CE” (Conformite Europeenne) represents the approval of its sale in the European Union.Apple’s MacBook sports all of these symbols (minus the 0682 Cetecom notice) but also adds two others.· Voluntary Control Council for Interference (“VCCI”) is a Japanese regulatory agency. Their stamp of approval indicates the laptop meets their standards for emitting radio frequency (RF) signals.· That checkmark inside the triangle is a Regulatory Compliance Mark (RCM) used in Australia to indicate electronic devices that are safe to use.Even if you don’t have a sleek cell phone case, you may not have to look at any of this gibberish for much longer. In November 2014, President Obama signed the E-Label Act into law, a bill that will allow manufacturers to place these notices in the device’s software. That may not apply to the European symbols, but either way, things will get a little sleeker.We also popped open an Android device—a Samsung Galaxy SII destined for a museum—and it relegated many of those notices to the battery itself. It also had cautions not to allow it to get wet, poked with a screwdriver, set ablaze, or obtained by a baby. You’ve been warned.BBC World News 每日新闻听力美国20世纪最伟大的100个演讲文本+MP3+中英双语对照转贴于：。
六价铬在 ELV, RoHS 及 WEEE指令
Only results >0.1 mg/l Cr(VI) are unambiguous
▪ Not shared by IEC IEC 沒有此條文 ▪ 0.02 mg/l Cr(VI) can well be quantified with UV-Vis 0.02 mg/L Cr(VI)能以UV-Vis 光譜儀測出 ▪ IEC is scientifically correct, but does not account for reproducibility of analyte preparation.
defines <0.1 mg/l Cr(VI) as ELV compliant 定义样本少于 0.1mg/l Cr(VI)为合符 ELV
Implication 意即:
If <0.1 mg/l Cr(VI) in analyte confirmed everything is fine 若测试结果<0.1 mg/l即代表没问题。
Passivates are thin films on plated bulk metal parts. 钝化膜是在镀层上的一层薄膜。
Weight of passivate is negligible compared to weight of part, quantification is a severe problem. 相对于工件的重量, 膜化膜的重量是 可被忽略的。这令量化钝化膜重量的工作变得 困难。 Estimation for ca. 0.3 µm thick passivate: 为 0.3µm厚的钝化膜作出估算:
▪ Not shared by IEC IEC没有这假设
UKCA,CE,WEEE等EU法规标签大全
CE Marking 的要求按照指令要求：--The CE marking shall be affixed visibly, legibly and indelibly to the electrical equipment or to its data plate. Where that is not possible or not warranted on account of the nature of the electrical equipment, itshall be affixed to the packaging and to the accompanying documentsCE标记应明显、清晰、可靠。
如果由于电气设备的性质,不可能或不允许的（例如size过小）,则应贴在包装上，并附上相关文件。
--1：If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged, the proportions given in the graduated drawing in paragraph 3 shall be respected.（CE标志缩小或者放大，应当按照第三款刻度图中规定的比例进行）--2：Where specific legislation does not impose specific dimensions, the CE marking shall be at least 5 mm high.如果具体的法规没有规定具体的尺寸，那么CE marking 至少要求5mm 高度--3：The CE marking shall consist of the initials ‘CE’ taking the following form:CE标志须包括首字母“CE”，其形式如下:现场检查，要特别注意如下几点：1：判断产品是否需要具备CE mark (可根据booking 上货物出口的目的地以及产品本身的属性进行判断)2：检查CE mark 印刷比例是否标准3: 测量CE mark 的高度是否满足要求4：检查CE mark 的位置是否满足法规要求UKCA marking 的要求UKCA 标志（英国合规评估标志）推荐的英国产品标志要求，将产品投放到英国市场需申请该标志。
TP-Link Archer C20 AC750 无线双频路由器 安装指南说明书
Archer C20AC750 Wireless Dual Band RouterREV1.0.0COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKSSpecifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2016 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved.FCC STATEMENTThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:∙Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.∙Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.∙Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.∙Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ TV technician for help.This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1）This device may not cause harmful interference.2）This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.Note: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference caused by unauthorized modifications to this equipment. S uch modifications could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement:This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.“To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this grant is applicable to only Mobile Configurations. The antennas used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.”This device is restricted in indoor environment only.CE Mark WarningThis is a class B product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.RF Exposure InformationThis device meets the EU requirements (1999/5/EC Article 3.1a) on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields by way of health protection.T he device complies with RF specifications when the device used at 20 cm from your body. Restricted to indoor use.Canadian Compliance StatementThis device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1)This device may not cause interference, and(2)This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.Cet appareil est conforme aux norms CNR exemptes de licence d’Industrie Canada. Le fonctionnement est soumis aux deux conditions suivantes:(1)cet appareil ne doit pas p rovoquer d’interférences et(2)cet appareil doit accepter toute interférence, y compris celles susceptibles de provoquer un fonctionnement non souhaité de l’appareil.Industry Canada StatementCAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)Korea Warning Statements당해무선설비는운용중전파혼신가능성이있음.NCC Notice & BSMI Notice注意！依據低功率電波輻射性電機管理辦法第十二條經型式認證合格之低功率射頻電機，非經許可，公司、商號或使用者均不得擅自變更頻率、加大功率或變更原設計之特性或功能。
欧洲WEEE电子废弃指令
This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents►B DIRECTIVE2002/96/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof27January2003on waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)(OJ L37,13.2.2003,p.24)Amended by:Official JournalNo page date►M1Directive2003/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ofL34510631.12.2003 8December2003DIRECTIVE2002/96/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTAND OF THE COUNCILof27January2003on waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,and in particular Article175(1)thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission(1),Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee(2),Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of Regions(3), Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article251of the Treaty in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on8November2002(4),Whereas:(1)The objectives of the Community's environment policy are,inparticular,to preserve,protect and improve the quality of the environment,protect human health and utilise natural resources prudently and rationally.That policy is based on the precau-tionary principle and principles that preventive action should be taken,that environmental damage should as a priority be recti-fied at source and that the polluter should pay.(2)The Community programme of policy and action in relation tothe environment and sustainable development(Fifth Environ-mental Action Programme)(5)states that the achievement of sustainable development calls for significant changes in current patterns of development,production,consumption and behaviour and advocates,inter alia,the reduction of wasteful consumption of natural resources and the prevention of pollution.It mentions waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)as one of the target areas to be regulated,in view of the application of the principles of prevention,recovery and safe disposal of waste. (3)The Commission Communication of30July1996on review ofthe Community strategy for waste management states that,where the generation of waste cannot be avoided,it should be reused or recovered for its material or energy.(4)The Council in its Resolution of24February1997on a Commu-nity strategy for waste management(6)insisted on the need for promoting waste recovery with a view to reducing the quantity of waste for disposal and saving natural resources,in particular by reuse,recycling,composting and recovering energy from waste and recognised that the choice of options in any particular case must have regard to environmental and economic effects but that until scientific and technological progress is made and life-cycle analyses are further developed,reuse and material recovery should be considered preferable where and in so far as they are the best environmental options.The Council also invited the Commission to develop,as soon as possible,an appropriate(1)OJ C365E,19.12.2000,p.184and OJ C240E,28.8.2001,p.298.(2)OJ C116,20.4.2001,p.38.(3)OJ C148,18.5.2001,p.1.(4)Opinion of the European Parliament of15May2001(OJ C34E,7.2.2002,p.115),Council Common Position of4December2001(OJ C110E,7.5.2002,p.1)and Decision of the European Parliament of10April2002(not yet published in the Official Journal).Decision of the European Parlia-ment of18December2002and Decision of the Council of16December 2002.(5)OJ C138,17.5.1993,p.5.(6)OJ C76,11.3.1997,p.1.follow-up to the projects of the priority waste streams programme,including WEEE.(5)The European Parliament,in its Resolution of14November1996(1),asked the Commission to present proposals for Direc-tives on a number of priority waste streams,including electrical and electronic waste,and to base such proposals on the principle of producer responsibility.The European Parliament,in the same Resolution,requests the Council and the Commission to put forward proposals for cutting the volume of waste.(6)Council Directive75/442/EEC of15July1975on waste(2)provides that specific rules for particular instances or supple-menting those of Directive75/442/EEC on the management of particular categories of waste may be laid down by means of individual Directives.(7)The amount of WEEE generated in the Community is growingrapidly.The content of hazardous components in electrical and electronic equipment(EEE)is a major concern during the waste management phase and recycling of WEEE is not undertaken toa sufficient extent.(8)The objective of improving the management of WEEE cannot beachieved effectively by Member States acting individually.In particular,different national applications of the producer respon-sibility principle may lead to substantial disparities in the financial burden on economic operators.Having different national policies on the management of WEEE hampers the effectiveness of recycling policies.For that reason the essential criteria should be laid down at Community level.(9)The provisions of this Directive should apply to products andproducers irrespective of the selling technique,including distance and electronic selling.In this connection the obligations of producers and distributors using distance and electronic selling channels should,as far as is practicable,take the same form and should be enforced in the same way in order to avoid other distribution channels having to bear the costs of the provi-sions of this Directive concerning WEEE for which the equipment was sold by distant or electronic selling.(10)This Directive should cover all electrical and electronic equip-ment used by consumers and electrical and electronic equipment intended for professional use.This Directive should apply without prejudice to Community legislation on safety and health requirements protecting all actors in contact with WEEE as well as specific Community waste management legislation, in particular Council Directive91/157/EEC of18March1991 on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances(3).(11)Directive91/157/EEC needs to be revised as soon as possible,particularly in the light of this Directive.(12)The establishment,by this Directive,of producer responsibilityis one of the means of encouraging the design and production of electrical and electronic equipment which take into full account and facilitate their repair,possible upgrading,reuse, disassembly and recycling.(13)In order to guarantee the safety and health of distributors'personnel involved in the take-back and handling of WEEE, Member States should,in accordance with national and Commu-nity legislation on safety and health requirements,determine the conditions under which take-back may be refused by distributors.(1)OJ C362,2.12.1996,p.241.(2)OJ L194,25.7.1975,p.47.Directive as last amended by Commission Deci-sion96/350/EC(OJ L135,6.6.1996,p.32).(3)OJ L78,26.3.1991,p.38.Directive as amended by Commission Directive98/101/EC(OJ L1,5.1.1999,p.1).(14)Member States should encourage the design and production ofelectrical and electronic equipment which take into account and facilitate dismantling and recovery,in particular the re-use and recycling of WEEE,their components and materials.Producers should not prevent,through specific design features or manufac-turing processes,WEEE from being reused,unless such specific design features or manufacturing processes present overriding advantages,for example with regard to the protection of the environment and/or safety requirements.(15)Separate collection is the precondition to ensure specific treat-ment and recycling of WEEE and is necessary to achieve the chosen level of protection of human health and the environment in the Community.Consumers have to actively contribute to the success of such collection and should be encouraged to return WEEE.For this purpose,convenient facilities should be set up for the return of WEEE,including public collection points, where private households should be able to return their waste at least free of charge.(16)In order to attain the chosen level of protection and harmonisedenvironmental objectives of the Community,Member States should adopt appropriate measures to minimise the disposal of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to achieve a high level of separate collection of WEEE.In order to ensure that Member States strive to set upefficient collection schemes,they should be required to achieve a high level of collection of WEEE from private households.(17)Specific treatment for WEEE is indispensable in order to avoidthe dispersion of pollutants into the recycled material or the waste stream.Such treatment is the most effective means of ensuring compliance with the chosen level of protection of the environment of the Community.Any establishment or undertak-ings carrying out recycling and treatment operations should comply with minimum standards to prevent negative environ-mental impacts associated with the treatment of WEEE.Best available treatment,recovery and recycling techniques should be used provided that they ensure human health and high envir-onmental protection.Best available treatment,recovery and recycling techniques may be further defined in accordance with the procedures of Directive96/61/EC.(18)Where appropriate,priority should be given to the reuse ofWEEE and its components,subassemblies and consumables.Where reuse is not preferable,all WEEE collected separately should be sent for recovery,in the course of which a high level of recycling and recovery should be achieved.In addition, producers should be encouraged to integrate recycled material in new equipment.(19)Basic principles with regard to the financing of WEEE manage-ment have to be set at Community level and financing schemes have to contribute to high collection rates as well as to the implementation of the principle of producer responsibility. (20)Users of electrical and electronic equipment from private house-holds should have the possibility of returning WEEE at least free of charge.Producers should therefore finance collection from collection facilities,and the treatment,recovery and disposal of WEEE.In order to give maximum effect to the concept of producer responsibility,each producer should be responsible for financing the management of the waste from his own products.The producer should be able to choose to fulfil this obligation either individually or by joining a collective scheme.Each producer should,when placing a product on the market,providea financial guarantee to prevent costs for the management ofWEEE from orphan products from falling on society or the remaining producers.The responsibility for the financing of the management of historical waste should be shared by all existing producers in collective financing schemes to which all produ-cers,existing on the market when the costs occur,contributeproportionately.Collective financing schemes should not have the effect of excluding niche and low-volume producers,impor-ters and new entrants.For a transitional period,producers should be allowed to show purchasers,on a voluntary basis at the time of sale of new products,the costs of collecting,treating and disposing in an environmentally sound way of historical waste.Producers making use of this provision should ensure that the costs mentioned do not exceed the actual costs incurred. (21)Information to users about the requirement not to dispose ofWEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to collect WEEE sepa-rately,and about the collection systems and their role in the management of WEEE,is indispensable for the success of WEEE collection.Such information implies the proper marking of electrical and electronic equipment which could end up in rubbish bins or similar means of municipal waste collection. (22)Information on component and material identification to beprovided by producers is important to facilitate the management, and in particular the treatment and recovery/recycling,of WEEE.(23)Member States should ensure that inspection and monitoringinfrastructure enable the proper implementation of this Directive to be verified,having regard,inter alia,to Recommendation 2001/331/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of4 April2001providing for minimum criteria for environmental inspections in the Member States(1).(24)Information about the weight or,if this is not possible,thenumbers of items of electrical and electronic equipment put on the market in the Community and the rates of collection,reuse (including as far as possible reuse of whole appliances), recovery/recycling and export of WEEE collected in accordance with this Directive is necessary to monitor the achievement of the objectives of this Directive.(25)Member States may choose to implement certain provisions ofthis Directive by means of agreements between the competent authorities and the economic sectors concerned provided that particular requirements are met.(26)The adaptation to scientific and technical progress of certainprovisions of the Directive,the list of products falling under the categories set out in Annex IA,the selective treatment for mate-rials and components of WEEE,the technical requirements for storage and treatment of WEEE and the symbol for the marking of EEE should be effected by the Commission under a committee procedure.(27)The measures necessary for the implementation of this Directiveshould be adopted in accordance with Council Decision1999/ 468/EC of28June1999laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commis-sion(2),HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article1ObjectivesThe purpose of this Directive is,as a first priority,the prevention of waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE),and in addition, the reuse,recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce the disposal of waste.It also seeks to improve the environ-mental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment, e.g.producers,distributors and(1)OJ L118,27.4.2001,p.41.(2)OJ L184,17.7.1999,p.23.consumers and in particular those operators directly involved in the treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment.Article2Scope1.This Directive shall apply to electrical and electronic equipment falling under the categories set out in Annex IA provided that the equipment concerned is not part of another type of equipment that does not fall within the scope of this Directive.Annex IB contains a list of products which fall under the categories set out in Annex IA.2.This Directive shall apply without prejudice to Community legis-lation on safety and health requirements and specific Community waste management legislation.3.Equipment which is connected with the protection of the essential interests of the security of Member States,arms,munitions and war material shall be excluded from this Directive.This does not,however, apply to products which are not intended for specifically military purposes.Article3DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Directive,the following definitions shall apply: (a)‘electrical and electronic equipment’or‘EEE’means equipmentwhich is dependent on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order to work properly and equipment for the generation, transfer and measurement of such currents and fields falling under the categories set out in Annex IA and designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding1000Volt for alternating current and1500Volt for direct current;(b)‘waste electrical and electronic equipment’or‘WEEE’meanselectrical or electronic equipment which is waste within the meaning of Article1(a)of Directive75/442/EEC,including all components,subassemblies and consumables which are part of the product at the time of discarding;(c)‘prevention’means measures aimed at reducing the quantity andthe harmfulness to the environment of WEEE and materials and substances contained therein;(d)‘reuse’means any operation by which WEEE or componentsthereof are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived,including the continued use of the equipment or components thereof which are returned to collection points,distri-butors,recyclers or manufacturers;(e)‘recycling’means the reprocessing in a production process of thewaste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes,but excluding energy recovery which means the use of combustible waste as a means of generating energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat;(f)‘recovery’means any of the applicable operations provided for inAnnex IIB to Directive75/442/EEC;(g)‘disposal’means any of the applicable operations provided for inAnnex IIA to Directive75/442/EEC;(h)‘treatment’means any activity after the WEEE has been handedover to a facility for depollution,disassembly,shredding,recovery or preparation for disposal and any other operation carried out for the recovery and/or the disposal of the WEEE;(i)‘producer’means any person who,irrespective of the selling tech-nique used,including by means of distance communication in accordance with Directive97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of20May1997on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts(1):(i)manufactures and sells electrical and electronic equipmentunder his own brand,(ii)resells under his own brand equipment produced by other suppliers,a reseller not being regarded as the‘producer’ifthe brand of the producer appears on the equipment,asprovided for in subpoint(i),or(iii)imports or exports electrical and electronic equipment on a professional basis into a Member State.Whoever exclusively provides financing under or pursuant to any finance agreement shall not be deemed a‘producer’unless he also acts as a producer within the meaning of subpoints(i)to(iii); (j)‘distributor’means any person who provides electrical or elec-tronic equipment on a commercial basis to the party who is going to use it;(k)‘WEEE from private households’means WEEE which comes from private households and from commercial,industrial,institutional and other sources which,because of its nature and quantity,is similar to that from private households;(l)‘dangerous substance or preparation’means any substance or preparation which has to be considered dangerous under Council Directive67/548/EEC(2)or Directive1999/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council(3).(m)‘finance agreement’means any loan,lease,hiring or deferred sale agreement or arrangement relating to any equipment whether or not the terms of that agreement or arrangement or any collateral agreement or arrangement provide that a transfer of ownership of that equipment will or may take place.Article4Product designMember States shall encourage the design and production of electrical and electronic equipment which take into account and facilitate dismantling and recovery,in particular the reuse and recycling of WEEE,their components and materials.In this context,Member States shall take appropriate measures so that producers do not prevent, through specific design features or manufacturing processes,WEEE from being reused,unless such specific design features or manufac-turing processes present overriding advantages,for example,with regard to the protection of the environment and/or safety requirements.Article5Separate collection1.Member States shall adopt appropriate measures in order to mini-mise the disposal of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste and to achievea high level of separate collection of WEEE.2.For WEEE from private households,Member States shall ensure that by the13August2005:(a)systems are set upallowing final holders and distributors to returnsuch waste at least free of charge.Member States shall ensure the(1)OJ L144,4.6.1997,p.19.(2)OJ196,16.8.1967,p.1.Directive as last amended by Commission Directive2001/59/EC(OJ L225,21.8.2001,p.1).(3)OJ L200,30.7.1999,p.1.Directive as amended by Commission Directive2001/60/EC(OJ L226,22.8.2001,p.5).availability and accessibility of the necessary collection facilities, taking into account in particular the population density;(b)when supplying a new product,distributors shall be responsible forensuring that such waste can be returned to the distributor at least free of charge on a one-to-one basis as long as the equipment is of equivalent type and has fulfilled the same functions as the supplied equipment.Member States may depart from this provision provided they ensure that returning the WEEE is not thereby made more difficult for the final holder and provided that these systems remain free of charge for the final holder.Member States making use of this provision shall inform the Commission thereof;(c)without prejudice to the provisions of(a)and(b),producers areallowed to set upand op erate individual and/or collective take-back systems for WEEE from private households provided that these are in line with the objectives of this Directive;(d)having regard to national and Community health and safety stan-dards,WEEE that presents a health and safety risk to personnel because of contamination may be refused for return under(a)and(b).Member States shall make specific arrangements for suchWEEE.Member States may provide for specific arrangements for the return of WEEE as under(a)and(b)if the equipment does not contain the essential components or if the equipment contains waste other than WEEE.3.In the case of WEEE other than WEEE from private households, and without prejudice to Article9,Member States shall ensure that producers or third parties acting on their behalf provide for the collec-tion of such waste.4.Member States shall ensure that all WEEE collected under para-graphs1,2and3above is transported to treatment facilities authorised under Article6unless the appliances are reused as a whole.Member States shall ensure that the envisaged reuse does not lead to a circum-vention of this Directive,in particular as regards Articles6and7.The collection and transport of separately collected WEEE shall be carried out in a way which optimises reuse and recycling of those components or whole appliances capable of being reused or recycled.5.Without prejudice to paragraph1,Member States shall ensure that by31December2006at the latest a rate of separate collection of at least four kilograms on average per inhabitant per year of WEEE from private households is achieved.The European Parliament and the Council,acting on a proposal from the Commission and taking account of technical and economic experi-ence in the Member States,shall establish a new mandatory target by 31December2008.This may take the form of a percentage of the quantities of electrical and electronic equipment sold to private house-holds in the preceding years.Article6Treatment1.Member States shall ensure that producers or third parties acting on their behalf,in accordance with Community legislation,set up systems to provide for the treatment of WEEE using best available treatment,recovery and recycling techniques.The systems may be set up by producers individually and/or collectively.To ensure compliance with Article4of Directive75/442/EEC,the treatment shall,as a minimum,include the removal of all fluids and a selective treatment in accordance with Annex II to this Directive.Other treatment technologies ensuring at least the same level of protec-tion for human health and the environment may be introduced in Annex II under the procedure referred to in Article14(2).For the purposes of environmental protection,Member States may set upminimum quality standards for the treatment of collected WEEE.Member States which opt for such quality standards shall inform the Commission thereof,which shall publish these standards.2.Member States shall ensure that any establishment or undertaking carrying out treatment operations obtains a permit from the competent authorities,in compliance with Articles9and10of Directive75/442/ EEC.The derogation from the permit requirement referred to in Article 11(1)(b)of Directive75/442/EEC may apply to recovery operations concerning WEEE if an inspection is carried out by the competent authorities before the registration in order to ensure compliance with Article4of Directive75/442/EEC.The inspection shall verify:(a)the type and quantities of waste to be treated;(b)the general technical requirements to be complied with;(c)the safety precautions to be taken.The inspection shall be carried out at least once a year and the results shall be communicated by the Member States to the Commission.3.Member States shall ensure that any establishment or undertaking carrying out treatment operations stores and treats WEEE in compli-ance with the technical requirements set out in Annex III.4.Member States shall ensure that the permit or the registration referred to in paragraph2includes all conditions necessary for compli-ance with the requirements of paragraphs1and3and for the achievement of the recovery targets set out in Article7.5.The treatment operation may also be undertaken outside the respective Member State or the Community provided that the shipment of WEEE is in compliance with Council Regulation(EEC)No259/93 of1February1993on the supervision and control of shipments of waste within,into and out of the European Community(1).WEEE exported out of the Community in line with Council Regulation (EEC)No259/93,Council Regulation(EC)No1420/1999(2)of29 April1999establishing common rules and procedures to apply to ship-ments to certain non-OECD countries of certain types of waste and Commission Regulation(EC)No1547/1999(3)of12July1999deter-mining the control procedures under Council Regulation(EEC)No 259/93to apply to shipments of certain types of waste to certain coun-tries to which OECD Decision C(92)39final does not apply,shall only count for the fulfilment of obligations and targets of Article7(1)and (2)of this Directive if the exporter can prove that the recovery,reuse and/or recycling operation took place under conditions that are equiva-lent to the requirements of this Directive.6.Member States shall encourage establishments or undertakings which carry out treatment operations to introduce certified environ-mental management systems in accordance with Regulation(EC)No 761/2001of the European Parliament and of the Council of19March 2001allowing voluntary participation by organisations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme(EMAS)(4).Article7Recovery1.Member States shall ensure that producers or third parties acting on their behalf set upsystems either on an individual or on a collective (1)OJ L30,6.2.1993,p.1.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regu-lation(EC)No2557/2001(OJ L349,31.12.2001,p.1).(2)OJ L166,1.7.1999,p.6.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regu-lation(EC)No2243/2001(OJ L303,20.11.2001,p.11).(3)OJ L185,17.7.1999,p1.Regulation as last amended by Commission Regu-lation(EC)No2243/2001.(4)OJ L114,24.4.2001,p.1.basis,in accordance with Community legislation,to provide for the recovery of WEEE collected separately in accordance with Article5. Member States shall give priority to the reuse of whole appliances. Until the date referred to in paragraph4,such appliances shall not be taken into account for the calculation of the targets set out in paragraph 2.2.Regarding WEEE sent for treatment in accordance with Article6, Member States shall ensure that,by31December2006,producers meet the following targets:(a)for WEEE falling under categories1and10of Annex IA,—the rate of recovery shall be increased to a minimum of80% by an average weight per appliance,and—component,material and substance reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of75%by an average weight perappliance;(b)for WEEE falling under categories3and4of Annex IA,—the rate of recovery shall be increased to a minimum of75% by an average weight per appliance,and—component,material and substance reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of65%by an average weight perappliance;(c)for WEEE falling under categories2,5,6,7and9of Annex IA,—the rate of recovery shall be increased to a minimum of70% by an average weight per appliance,and—component,material and substance reuse and recycling shall be increased to a minimum of50%by an average weight perappliance;(d)for gas discharge lamps,the rate of component,material andsubstance reuse and recycling shall reach a minimum of80%by weight of the lamps.3.Member States shall ensure that,for the purpose of calculating these targets,producers or third parties acting on their behalf keep records on the mass of WEEE,their components,materials or substances when entering(input)and leaving(output)the treatment facility and/or when entering(input)the recovery or recycling facility. The Commission shall,in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article14(2),establish the detailed rules for monitoring compliance, including specifications for materials,of Member States with the targets set out in paragraph 2.The Commission shall submit this measure by13August2004.4.The European Parliament and the Council,acting on a proposal from the Commission,shall establish new targets for recovery and reuse/recycling,including for the reuse of whole appliances as appro-priate,and for the products falling under category8of Annex IA,by 31December2008.This shall be done with account being taken of the environmental benefits of electrical and electronic equipment in use,such as improved resource efficiency resulting from developments in the areas of materials and technology.Technical progress in reuse, recovery and recycling,products and materials,and the experience gained by the Member States and the industry,shall also be taken into account.5.Member States shall encourage the development of new recovery, recycling and treatment technologies.Article8Financing in respect of WEEE from private households1.Member States shall ensure that,by13August2005,producers provide at least for the financing of the collection,treatment,recovery and environmentally sound disposal of WEEE from private households deposited at collection facilities,set up under Article5(2).。
欧盟绿色贸易壁垒对我国家电产品出口影响分析以海尔电器为例
摘要：随着世界贸易联系的日益紧密和我国改革开放的不断深入，我国与欧盟的家电贸易发展越发迅速，但是绿色壁垒作为欧盟限制我国家电产品出口的主要手段，使用频率越来越高，限制越来越严格。
本文从欧盟绿色贸易壁垒的具体法令出发，研究形成原因，分析其给我国家电企业带来的影响。
并通过海尔电器应对这些绿色限制措施的策略进行分析，总结海尔的应对经验，提出适合我国家电企业应对绿色壁垒的可行性措施。
关键词：绿色壁垒；家电企业；海尔电器；影响；对策Abstract：With joining the WTO, the trade between China and the west are increasingly linked. The development of household appliance industry that as an important support of China's export trade are faster and faster .However, the expansions of our trade surplus make our export suffer non-tariff barriers to trade more and more. Among them，the green barriers is the main method as limiting China's household electrical appliance product export of EU, using frequency more and more high and requiring more strict.This essay aiming at the green trade barriers types and reasons for research, analyze the impact of home appliance enterprises. At present, the green trade barriers of impact on China's household electrical appliance industry in export trade have been enlarged in particular environment. So taking Haier electronics for case studies, summing up the experience, then put forward the measures dealing with green barrier that suit for our home appliance enterprise.Key words: green barriers; household electrical appliance enterprises; Haier Electronics; effect;strategy目录一、引言 (1)（一）研究背景 (1)（二）主要研究内容 (1)（三）研究思路和方法 (1)二、文献综述 (2)三、我国家电企业遭受欧盟绿色贸易壁垒的原因分析 (3)（一）欧盟家电绿色贸易壁垒 (3)（二）国家电企业遭受欧盟绿色贸易壁垒的原因 (4)四、绿色贸易壁垒对中国家电产品贸易影响的分析 (7)（一）积极影响 (7)（二）消积影响 (8)五、海尔面对欧盟绿色壁垒的对策分析 (10)（一）海尔及其欧洲发展进程 (10)（二）海尔针对遭受的欧盟绿色壁垒与应对措施 (12)六、结论与启示 (15)（一）正确识别绿色壁垒的壳层梯度结构采取不同策略 (15)（二）建立强大的技术研发、质量检测、信息网络等支撑保障体系 (16)（三）强化环境管理标准体系，通过国际认证 (16)参考文献 (17)致谢......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
SPECTCT骨显像在钙化防御诊断中的应用价值
・202・!"#$$报(医学版)J Southeast Univ(Med Sei Edi)2021,Apy40(2)：202-206.论著.SPECT/CT骨显像在钙化防御诊断中的应用价值汤元翔1#2，栗全营2,徐玄飞2,王强2,杨桂芬3(1.南京大学医学院，江苏南京210046；2.东南大学附属中大医院核医学科，江苏南京210009；3.东部战区总医院核医学科，江苏南京210002)&摘要'目的：探讨""铮-亚甲基二瞬酸盐(""To MDP)单光子发射型断层扫描/X线计算机断层扫描(SPECT/CT)骨显像在钙化防御中的诊断价值。
方法：回顾性分析东南大学附属中大医院2017年11月至2020年5月临床病理确诊为钙化防御的17例患者的""T c-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像检查资料，根据患者临床资料及""T c-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像结果分析其临床特点及影像学表现。
结果：17例钙化防御患者16例出现骨外异常摄取99m Tc-MDP，阳性率为94.1%，仅1例SPECT/CT显像无阳性表现，阴性率为5.9%。
部分患者表现为多脏器的累及,其中累及躯干、四肢皮肤8例，占总病例的47.1%，表现为病变处皮肤增厚，皮下可见软组织团块、结节、钙化、炎性渗出等，病变区域放射性摄取不同程度增高。
多器官受累5例，占总病例的29.4%，表现为皮肤及皮下组织、骨骼肌、心肌、肺放射性异常增高，其中1例患者经硫代硫酸钠治疗后，临床表现及SPECT/CT骨显像表现均明显减轻。
另累及阴茎1例。
结论：钙化防御患者”"T c-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像有其特定的影像学表现，SPECT/CT骨显像对于钙化防御患者有重要的诊断价值。
&关键词'钙化防御；铮-亚甲基二瞬酸盐；单光子发射型计算机断层扫描；骨显像；骨外摄取&中图分类号］R543；R445.6&文献标志码］A&文章编号］1671-6264(2021)02-0202-05doi：10.3969/j.issn.1671-6264.2021.02.011Value of SPECT/CT bone imaging in the diagnosis of calciphylaxisTANG Yuanxiang1，2，LI Quanying2，XU Xuanfei2,WANG Qiang2 ,YANG Guifen3(1.Medical School qf Nanjing University,Nanjing210046,China；2.Department*Nuclear Medicine,Hospital,Sootheasi Universit',Nanjing210009,China；3.Department mf Nuclear Medice,Jinling Hospital of Eastern Theater Command,Nanjing210002, China)&Abstrach］Objective:To investigate the value of99m Technetium_methylene diphosphonale(99m Tc-MDP)single phoion emo s oon compuied iomogeaphyCcompuied iomogeaphy(SPECTCCT)boneomagongon ihedoagnososoecaaco-phylaxis.Methods:The data of99m Tc-MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging of17patients with calciphylaxis confirmed by paihoaogyon ZhongdaHo)poiaaoeSouihea)iUnoeee)oiyeeom Noeembee2017ioMay2020weeeeeieo)pecioeeayana-lyzed.Accerding to the clinical data and99m Tc_MDP SPECT/CT bone imaging results,the imaging manifestations and clinical characteVstics were analyzed.Resslts:16of the17patients with calciphylaxis had extraosseous uptakeal the lesion site,the positive rate was94.1%,only1patient had no positive manifestation on SPECT/CT,and the&收稿日期］2020-12-10&修回日期］2021-03-06&基金项目］江苏省“科教强卫工程-青年医学重点人才项目(QNRC2016913)&作者简介］汤元翔(1990-),男，江苏镇江人，住院医师。
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Product Derivative Summary
15
产品拆解衍生物质种类
4.5
Test Result
14
测试结果
4.6
Findings and Recommendations for Disassembling
15
关于拆解的建议
4.7
Recommended Disassembly Sequence
5
参数
3.3
Definition
6
定义
4
Assessment Results
7
评估结果
4.1
Assessment Summary
7
评估摘要
4.2
WEEE Directive Compliance WEEE
8
指令的符合性
4.3
Product Derivative Table
13
产品拆解衍生物质表
4.4
4
产品说明
2.1
Product Description
4
产品描述
2.2
Submitted Documents
4
提交的文件
3
Assessment Description
5
评估描述
3.1
Disassembly, Recovery and Recycling Flow
5
拆解、再生和再循环用流程
3.2
Parameters
Description of the appliance .............: Model and/or type reference ...........:
Sample Receiving Date ....................:
Test Specification .............................:
3.2
Parameters
参数
The calculation is based on waste fractions consisting of a typical material or substance composition for typical materials. (e.g. a power cord consists of copper wire and PVC, where as the PVC consists of a PVC, polyamide and polyester blend). For every waste fraction a theoretical recovery share for recycling and for incineration respectively waste disposal is assumed based on information provide by recycling companies. The recovery share may change over time as the recycling technology advances. 计算是按照废物类别进行的，该类别含有典型的原料或者由典型原料组成的混合物(例如电源线由铜 线和PVC组成， PVC又含有PVC、聚酰胺和聚酯混合物)。对于每一类别的废物，再循环和焚烧的 的理论回收再生部分是根据再生利用公司提供的信息推断的。回收再生部分可能会由于再生利用技
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WEEE Directive 2 and Recycling Calculation of Theoretical Recovery and Recycling Rate Article 4, 10 and 11 Product Design, Marking and Treatment Information Assessment
16
推荐的拆解流程
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3.
Assessment Description
评估描述
3.1
Disassembly, Recovery and Recycling Flow
拆解、再生和再循环流程
The product is disassembled into different parts (clumps) and grouped by the type of material sharing common characteristic or physical relationship (waste fractions) primarily based on the treatment requirements as set out in the WEEE directive annexe II, followed by the current state of the art recycling and recovery technology available in Europe. Materials for which currently no recycling technology is available or where the recycling is economically not feasible, or which contain hazardous substances, are assumed to be shredded, incinerated or disposed of to landfill without further use. 产品被拆分成不同的部件，按照WEEE指令附录II所设定的处理要求，以目前欧洲再循环和再生技术 的发展水平，根据原料的类型、所含有的类似特征和物理特性(废物类别)进行分类。以目前的技术 无法再循环或者从经济角度来说再循环是不可行的原料， 或者含有害物质的原料，将会采用粉碎、 焚烧或掩埋的处理方法，而不作进一步的利用
EN 50419:2006
Test Results......................................: The a. m. test item passed the test specification.
Tested by:
Reviewed by:
Star Song
Milse Xie
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提交文件
BOM （物料清单） Explosive diagram (爆炸图) Recycling manual (回收手册) (please see recycling manual for details) (请参见回收手册)
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3.3
3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3
Definition
定义
Regular: Reuse, Recycling and Recovery Rate: Applying commonly used recycling technology. 常规：再利用、再循环和再生率：应用常规的再循环技术 Ideal: Reuse, Recycling and Recovery Rate: Applying highest recycling technology Reuse, Recycling, Recovery and Disposal 再利用、再循环、再生和废弃 ‘Reuse’ means any operation by which WEEE or components thereof are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived, including the continued use of the equipment or components thereof which are returned to collection points, distributors, recyclers or manufacturers. “再利用”是指操作，通过这些操作，报废电子电器设备或其中的元件可用于原本设计的用途，包 括被返还到收集点、销售者、循环者或制造者的设备和元件的继续使用 ‘Recycling’ means the processing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, but excluding energy recovery which means the use of combustible waste as a means of generating energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat “再循环”指的是废物材料在生产过程中为原先目的或者其它目的而进行的再加工过程，但不包括 能量再生，这种能量回收指的是可燃废弃物，作为一种产生能量的方法， 通过和其它废弃物一起或 者不和其它废弃物一起但伴有热量回收而进行的直接燃烧 ‘Recovery’ means any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex IIB to Directive 75/442/EEC “再生”是指按照指令75/442/EEC在附录IIB中提供的可应用的任何操作 ‘Disposal’ means any of the applicable operations provided for in Annex IIA to Directive 75/442/EEC “废弃” 是指按照指令75/442/EEC在附录IIA中提供的可应用的任何操作