2016高考试题(理综)北京卷-解析版
2016年北京市高考数学试卷(理科)(含详细答案解析)
2016年北京市高考数学试卷(理科)(含详细答案解析)2016年北京市高考数学试卷（理科）一、选择题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项。
1.（5分）已知集合A={x||x|＜2}，集合B={﹣1.1，2，3}，则A∩B=（）A。
{﹣1.1}B。
{，1}C。
{，1，2}D。
{﹣1.1，2}2.（5分）若x，y满足x+y=4且x2+y2的最小值为2，则2x+y的最大值为（）A。
2B。
3C。
4D。
53.（5分）执行如图所示的程序框图，若输入的a值为1，则输出的k值为（）A。
1B。
2C。
3D。
44.（5分）设a、b为向量，则||a+b||=||a-b||的充分必要条件是（）A。
a·b=0B。
a=bC。
||a||=||b||D。
a·b=||a||·||b||5.（5分）已知x，y∈R，且x＞y＞0，则（）A。
x-y＞0B。
sinx-siny＞0C。
（x+y）/（x-y）＜2D。
XXX＞06.（5分）某三棱锥的三视图如图所示，则该三棱锥的体积为（）A。
8/3B。
10/3C。
12/5D。
14/57.（5分）将函数y=sin（2x-π/2）图象上的点P（π/6，t）向左平移s（s＞0）个单位长度得到点P′，若P′位于函数y=sin2x的图象上，则（）A。
t=1，s的最小值为π/6B。
t=1/2，s的最小值为π/6C。
t=1，s的最小值为π/3D。
t=1/2，s的最小值为π/38.（5分）袋中装有偶数个球，其中红球、黑球各占一半。
甲、乙、丙是三个空盒。
每次从袋中任意取出两个球，将其中一个球放入甲盒，如果这个球是红球，就将另一个放入乙盒，否则就放入丙盒。
重复上述过程，直到袋中所有球都被放入盒中，则（）A。
乙盒中黑球不多于丙盒中黑球B。
乙盒中红球与丙盒中黑球一样多C。
乙盒中红球不多于丙盒中红球D。
乙盒中黑球与丙盒中红球一样多二、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分。
2016年北京高考真题数学理(含解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷）数学（理工类)一、选择题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项．（1）已知集合{}|2A x x =<，{}1,0,1,2,3B =-则A B =（ ） （A){}0,1 (B ）{}0,1,2 （C ）{}1,0,1- （D){}1,0,1,2-(2) 若,x y 满足20,3,0,x y x y x -≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩ 则2x y +的最大值为（ )（A ）0 （B ）3 (C ）4 （D)5(3)执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入的a 值为1,则输出的k 值为( ）（A ）1(B ）2（C)3 (D）4(4)设a,b是向量，则“a b="是“+a b a b=-”的( ）（A）充分而不必要条件(B）必要而不充分条件(C）充分必要条件（D）既不充分也不必要条件（5）已知,x y∈R，且0x y>>，则（）（A）11x y->(B）sin sin0x y->（C）1122x y⎛⎫⎛⎫-<⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭（D）ln ln0x y+>(6）某三棱锥的三视图如图所示，则三棱锥的体积为( ）（A)16（B）13（C)12（D）1（7）将函数πsin23y x⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭图像上的点π,4P t⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭向左平移()0s s>个单位长度得到点P'．若P'位于函数sin2y x=的图像上，则( )（A)12t=，s的最小值为π6（B）3t,s的最小值为π6（C）12t=，s的最小值为π3（D）3t=,s的最小值为π3（8) 袋中装有偶数个球，其中红球，黑球各占一半，甲 ,乙，丙 是三个空盒，每次从袋中随意取出两个球，将期中一个球放入甲盒，如果这个球是红球,就将另一个球放入乙盒，否则放入丙盒，重复上述过程，直到袋中所有球都被放入盒中,则( )．（A ）乙盒中黑球不多于丙盒中黑球 （B ）乙盒中红球与丙盒中黑球一样多 （C ）乙盒中的红球不多于丙盒中红球 （D ）乙盒中黑球与丙盒中红球一样多二、填空题共6题，每小题5分,共30分．（9）设a ∈R ，若复数()()1i i a ++在复平面内对应的点位于实轴上，则a =__________． （10）在()612x -的展开式中，2x 的系数为__________．（11)在极坐标系中，直线cos sin 10ρθθ-=与圆2cos ρθ=交于,A B 两点，则AB = __________．(12）已知{}n a 为等差数列，n S 为其前n 项和．若1356,0a a a =+=，则6S =__________． （13）双曲线()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的渐近线为正方形OABC 的边,OA OC 所在的直线，点B为该双曲线的焦点，若正方形OABC 的边长为2,则a =__________． (14)设函数()33,2,x x f x x ⎧-=⎨-⎩,,x a x a ≤>①若0a =，则()f x 的最大值__________．②若()f x 无最大值，则实数a 的取值范围是__________．三、解答题：本大题共6小题,共80分．解答应写出文字说明，演算步骤或证明过程．15. （本小题13分)在ABC △中，222a c b +=+ （1） 求B ∠的大小．（2） cos A C +的最大值．16. (本小题13分)A ，B ，C 三班共有100名学生，为调查他们的体育锻炼情况，通过分层（Ⅰ）试估计班的学生人数；（Ⅱ)从A 班和C 班抽出的学生中，各随机选取一人，A 班选出的人记为甲，C 班选出的人记为乙，假设所有学生的锻炼时间相互独立,求该周甲的锻炼时间比乙的锻炼时间长的概率； （Ⅲ）再从A ，B ，C 三班中个随机抽取抽取一名学生，题目该周期的锻炼时间分别是7，9，8.25（单位：小时）,这3个新数据与表格构成的新样本的平均数记为1μ,表格中的数据的平均数记为0μ，试判断0μ和1μ的大小．（结论不要求证明）17. （本小题14分）如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ，PA PD ⊥，PA PD =,AB AD ⊥，1AB =,2AD =，5AC CD ==．（Ⅰ）求证：PD ⊥平面PAB ；（Ⅱ）求直线PB 与平面PCD 所成角的正弦值；（Ⅲ)在棱PA 上是否存在点M ，使得BM ∥平面PCD ？若存在，求AMAP的值;若不存在，说明理由．（18）（本小题13分)设函数()a x f x xe bx -=+，曲线()y f x =在点()()2,2f 处的切线方程为()14y e x =-+. (1）求,a b 的值；（2）求()f x 的单调区间。
2016年高考真题英语北京卷解析
2016年高考真题英语北京卷解析绝密★ 启用前2016 年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16 页，共150 分。
考试时间为120 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，共15 分）从每题所给的ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It ' s so nice to hear from her again _______ ,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What ' s moreB.That ' s to sayC.In other wordsD.Believe it or not答案是D 。
21.Jackin the lab when the power cut occurred.A.worksB.has workedC.was workingD.would work【答案】C【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。
句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
根据occurred 可知，这里指过去发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
考点：考查时态22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。
a couple 是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children 和couple 是所属关系，故用whose 作定语，相当于the children of whom ，故选A 。
考点：考查定语从句23.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars.Wehere for more tha n two hours.A.waitedB.waitC.would be wait ingD.have bee n wait ing【答案】D【解折】试题分析：题目考查时态舟旬意：“打扰了，你在等哪一部电影1在等看看《星球大战易我们已经等了两个多小时了■> fbr 耐间段，￡亮砌寸连用，根將谱壇可知，说话的吋帳仍撚在等，因此用现在完成进行时,故选D*考点：考查时态24.Your support is importa nt to our work.you can do helps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：题目考查主语从句。
2016年高考北京卷英语试题(含解析)
绝密★启用前本试卷共16 页，共150 分。
考试时长120 分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
试题总评：从整体上看难度略有提升，过渡较平稳。
试题重点突出，命题思路清晰，重视对思维能力和全面文化素质的考查，强调交际运用。
整套试卷很好地体现了语言教学的特色：既融合语言及情感、又兼顾知识与能力。
一、语法部分难度适中，注重基础知识的考查。
考点分布：时态与语态（4 道），非谓语动词（3 道），从句（5 道），虚拟语气、情态动词、并列连词（各1 道）。
二、阅读部分题材丰富，话题较贴近生活。
从完形、阅读到七选五，关注社会、自然以及自我价值的实现。
篇幅难度与2015 年北京高考基本持平，阅读题目重视细节题目的考查。
阅读D 篇是一篇议论文，篇幅较长。
文章论述了大学在培养学生自主性和认同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的难度，尤其是第70 题文章结构题。
通过第四段的“equally important”及第五段段首的“Moreover”等逻辑词可推知文章结构。
三、应用文题材新颖，综合考查了考生的日常积累能力。
谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。
四、情景作文话题较为常规，整体难度适中。
“地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的题裁内容，对此考生并不陌生。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1 分，共15 分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
高考北京理科数学试题及word解析版
2016 年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试（北京卷）数学（理科）一、选择题：本大题共8 小题，每题 5 分，共40 分，在每题给出的四个选项中，选出切合题目要求的一项．（ 1）【2016 年北京，理1， 5 分】已知会合A x | x < 2 ，1,0,1,2,3，则 A B（）（ A ）0,1（B）0,1,2（C）1,0,1（D）1,0,1,2【答案】C【分析】会合A x 2 x 2，会合B x 1,0,1 ,2,3，所以 A B1,0,1，应选C．【评论】此题考察交集的求法，是基础题，解题时要仔细审题，注意交集定义的合理运用．2x y0，（ 2）【2016 年北京，理2， 5 分】若x，y知足 3 ，x y则 2x y 的最大值为（）x0，（ A）0（B）3（C）4（D）5【答案】 C【分析】可行域如图暗影部分，目标函数平移到虚线处获得最大值，对应的点为1,2，最大值为212 4 ，应选C．【评论】此题主要考察线性规划的应用，利用目标函数的几何意义，联合数形联合的数学思想是解决此类问题的基本方法．（ 3）【2016 年北京，理 3 ，5 分】履行以下图的程序框图，若输入的 a 值为1，则输出的k 值为（）（ A）1（B）2（C）3（D）4【答案】 B【分析】开始 a1，k0 ；第一次循环1a，k1；第二次循环a 2 ， k 2 ，第三次循环 a 1 ，2条件判断为“是”跳出，此时 k 2 ，应选 B．【评论】此题考察的知识点是程序框图，当循环次数不多，或有规律可循时，可采纳模拟程序法进行解答．（ 4）【2016 年北京，理4， 5 分】设 a ， b 是向量，则“a b ”是“a b a b ”的（）（ A ）充足而不用要条件（ B ）必需而不充足条件（ C）充足必需条件（ D ）既不充足也不用要条件【答案】 D【分析】若 a = b 建立，则以 a ， b 为边构成平行四边形，那么该平行四边形为菱形，a+b ， a b 表示的是该菱形的对角线，而菱形的对角线不必定相等，所以a+b =a b 不必定建立，进而不是充足条件；反之，a+b =a b 建立，则以 a ， b 为边构成平行四边形，则该平行四边形为矩形，矩形的邻边不必定相等，所以 a = b 不必定建立，进而不是必需条件，应选 D ．【评论】此题考察的知识点是充要条件，向量的模，剖析出“a b ”与“a b a b ”表示的几何意义，是解答的要点．（ 5）【2016年北京，理5， 5 分】已知x， y R ，且 x y0 ，则（）11x y（ A ）0（ B ） sin x_sin y 0（ C ）110（ D ） ln x ln y 0x y22【答案】 C【分析】 A ．考察的是反比率函数y 1在 0 ,单一递减，所以11110所以A错； B ．考察的x x即x yy是三角函数y sin x 在 0 ,单一性，不是单一的，所以不必定有sin x sin y ，B错； C ．考察的是1----x x y x y指数函数11 1 即1 1 0所以 C 对； D 考察的是y在 0 ,单一递减，所以有22 222对数函数 yln x 的性质， ln xln yln xy ，当 x y 0 时， xy0 不必定有 ln xy 0 ，所以 D 错，故选 C ．【评论】此题考察了不等式的性质、 函数的单一性， 考察了推理能力与计算能力， 属于中档题．（ 6）【 2016 年北京，理6， 5 分】某三棱锥的三视图以下图，则该三棱锥的体积为（）（A ） 1（B ）1（C ）1（D ）1632【答案】 A【分析】经过三视图可复原几何体为以下图三棱锥，则经过侧视图得高h 1 ，底面积 1 1 1 1S 1 1 ，所以体积 V Sh ，应选 A ．2 23 6【评论】此题考察的知识点是由三视图，求体积和表面积，依据已知的三视图，判 断几何体的是状形解答的要点．（ 7）【2016 年北京，理7，5 分】将函数ysin 2x图象上的点P , t 向左平移 s s0 个单位34长度获取点 P ，若 P 位于函数ysin 2x 的图象上，则（）（ A ）1（ B ） t3 ， s 的最小值为t， s 的最小值为 6262（ C ）1（ D ） t3 ， s 的最小值为t， s 的最小值为 3232【答案】 A【分析】 点 P ππ上，所以 tπ π π 1π, t 在函数 y sin 2x sin 24 3 sin 6，而后 y sin 2x 向左平 43 2 3移 s 个单位，即π ，所以 π ，所以 的最小值为 π y sin 2(x s) sin 2x s π Z s，应选 A ．3 6 +k , k6【评论】此题考察的知识点是函数y sin x A 0, 0 的图象和性质，难度中档．（ 8）【 2016 年北京，理8 ， 5 分】袋中装有偶数个球，此中红球、黑球各占一半．甲、乙、丙是三个空盒．每次从袋中随意拿出两个球，将此中一个球放入甲盒，假如这个球是红球，就将另一个放入乙盒，不然就放入 丙盒．重复上述过程，直到袋中全部球都被放入盒中，则（）（ A ）乙盒中黑球不多于丙盒中黑球 （ B ）乙盒中红球与丙盒中黑球同样多 （ C ）乙盒中红球不多于丙盒中红球（ D ）乙盒中黑球与丙盒中红球同样多【答案】 B【分析】取两个球往盒子中放有 4 种状况：① 红 + 红，则乙盒中红球数加 个；1②黑 + 黑，则丙盒中黑球数加个；1③红 + 黑（红球放入甲盒中），则乙盒中黑球数加1个；④黑 + 红（黑球放入甲盒中），则丙盒中红球数加个．由于红球和黑球个数一1样，所以① 和② 的状况同样多，③和④的状况完整随机．③和④对 B 选项中的乙盒中的红球与丙盒中的黑球数没有任何影响．①和②出现的次数是同样的，所以对 B 选项中的乙盒中的红球与丙盒中的黑球数的影响次数同样．应选 B ．【评论】该题考察了推理与证，明要点是找到切入点逐渐进行剖析，对学生的逻辑思想能力有必定要求，中档题．二、填空题：共 6 小题，每题5分，共30 分。
2016年高考数学(理)北京卷参考答案
数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第1页（共8页）绝密★考试结束前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案一、选择题（共8小题，每小题5分，共40分）（1）C （2）C （3）B （4）D （5）C（6）A（7）A（8）B二、填空题（共6小题，每小题5分，共30分） （ 9 ）1-（10）60 （11）2（12）6 （13）2（14）2(,1)-∞-三、解答题（共6小题，共80分） （15）（共13分）解：（Ⅰ）由余弦定理及题设得所以222cos 2a c b B ac +-===又因为0πB <∠<， 所以π4B ∠=． （Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）知3π4A C +=．cos A C+3πcos()4A A =+-()A A A =++A A =+ πsin()4A =+因为3(0,π)4A ∈，所以当π4A ∠=cos A C +取得最大值1．数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第2页（共8页）（16）（共13分）解：（Ⅰ）由题意知，抽出的20名学生中，来自C 班的学生有8名．根据分层抽样方法，C 班的学生人估计为81004020⨯=人． （Ⅱ）在A 班中取到每个人的概率相同均为15设A 班中取到第i 个人事件为,1,2,3,4,5i A i = C 班中取到第j 个人事件为,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8j C j =A 班中取到i j A C >的概率为i P所求事件为D则1234511111()55555P D P P P P P =++++ 12131313145858585858=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯ 38=（Ⅲ）10μμ<．三组平均数分别为7,9,8.25,总均值08.2μ=但1μ中多加的三个数据7,9,8.25,平均值为8.08，比0μ小， 故拉低了平均值．数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第3页（共8页）（17）（共14分）解：（Ⅰ）因为平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ，所以AB ⊥平面PAD ． 所以AB ⊥PD ．又因为PA ⊥PD ， 所以PD ⊥平面PAB ．（Ⅱ）取AD 中点为O ，连结CO ，PO ．因为PA PD =， 所以PO ⊥AD ．又因为PO ⊂平面PAD ，平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ， 所以PO ⊥平面ABCD ． 因为CO ⊂平面ABCD ， 所以PO ⊥CO ．因为CD AC ==所以CO ⊥AD ．以O 为原点，如图建立空间直角坐标系O xyz -．由题意得 易知(001)P ，，，(110)B ，，，(010)D -，，，(200)C ，，， 则(111)PB =- ，，，(011)PD =-- ，，，(201)PC =- ，，，(210)CD =--，， 设n为平面PDC 的法向量，令00(,1)n x y = ，011,120n PD n n PC ⎧⋅=⎪⎛⎫⇒=-⎨ ⎪⎝⎭⋅=⎪⎩，，则PB 与平面PCD 夹角θ有数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第4页（共8页）sin cos ,n PBn PB n PBθ⋅=<>===（Ⅲ）设存在M 点使得BM ∥平面PCD设AMAPλ=，()0,','M y z 由（Ⅱ）知()0,1,0A ，()0,0,1P ，()0,1,1AP =- ，()1,1,0B ，()0,'1,'AM y z =-有()0,1,AM AP M λλλ=⇒-所以()1,,BM λλ=--因为BM ∥平面PCD ，n为PCD 的法向量 所以0BM n ⋅=即102λλ-++=所以1=4λ所以综上，存在M 点，即当14AM AP =时，M 点即为所求．数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第5页（共8页）（18）（共13分）解：（Ⅰ）()e a x f x x bx -=+所以()e e (1)e a x a x a x f x x b x b ---'=-+=-+因为曲线()y f x =在点(2,(2))f 处的切线方程为(e 1)4y x =-+ 所以(2)2(e 1)4f =-+，(2)e 1f '=- 即2(2)2e 22(e 1)4a f b -=+=-+①2(2)(12)e e 1a f b -'=-+=-②由①②解得：2a =，e b =（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）可知：2()e e x f x x x -=+，2()(1)e e x f x x -'=-+令2()(1)e x g x x -=-，所以222()e (1)e (2)e x x x g x x x ---'=---=-所以()g x 的最小值是22(2)(12)e 1g -=-=- 所以()f x '的最小值为(2)(2)e e 10f g '=+=-> 即()0f x '>对x ∀∈R 恒成立所以()f x 在(),-∞+∞上单调递增，无减区间．数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第6页（共8页）（19）（共14分）解：（Ⅰ）由已知，112c ab a ==， 又222a b c =+，解得2,1,a b c ==所以椭圆的方程为2214x y +=. （Ⅱ）方法一：设椭圆上一点()00,P x y ，则220014x y +=. 直线PA ：()0022y y x x =--,令0x =，得0022M y y x -=-. 所以00212y BM x =+- 直线PB ：0011y y x x -=+,令0y =，得001N x x y -=-. 所以0021x AN y =+- 0000000000220000000000221122222214448422x y AN BM y x x y x y x y x y x y x y x y x y ⋅=+⋅+--+-+-=⋅--++--+=--+将220014x y +=代入上式得=4AN BM ⋅数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第7页（共8页）故AN BM ⋅为定值.方法二：设椭圆上一点()2cos ,sin P θθ， 直线PA ：()sin 22cos 2y x θθ=--,令0x =，得sin 1cos M y θθ=-. 所以sin cos 11cos BM θθθ+-=-直线PB :sin 112cos y x θθ-=+,令0y =，得2cos 1sin N x θθ=-.所以2sin 2cos 21sin AN θθθ+-=-2sin 2cos 2sin cos 11sin 1cos 22sin 2cos 2sin cos 21sin cos sin cos 4AN BM θθθθθθθθθθθθθθ+-+-⋅=⋅----+=--+=故AN BM ⋅为定值.数学（理）（北京卷）参考答案第8页（共8页）（20）（共13分）解：（Ⅰ）(){}25G A =，． （Ⅱ）因为存在1n a a >，设数列A 中第一个大于1a 的项为k a ，则1k i a a a >≥，其中21i k -≤≤，所以()k G A ∈，()G A ≠∅． （Ⅲ）设A 数列的所有“G 时刻”为12k i i i <<< ，对于第一个“G 时刻”1i ，有11i i a a a >≥，1231i i =- ，，，，则 111111i i i a a a a ---≤≤．对于第二个“G 时刻”()21i i >，有21i i i a a a >≥（2121i i =- ，，，）．则212211i i i i a a a a ---≤≤．类似的321i i a a -≤，…，11k k i i a a --≤．于是，()()()()11221211k k k k k i i i i i i i i k a a a a a a a a a a ----+-++-+-=- ≥． 对于N a ，若()N G A ∈，则k i N a a =；若()N G A ∉，则k N i a a ≤，否则由⑵，知1k k i i N a a a + ，，，中存在“G 时刻”，与只有k 个“G 时刻”矛盾． 从而，11k i N k a a a a --≥≥，证毕．。
2016年北京市高考物理试卷(含解析版)
绝密★启封并使用完毕前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（北京卷）物理部分一、选择题（共8小题，每小题6分，满分48分）1．（6分）处于n=3能级的大量氢原子，向低能级跃迁时，辐射光的频率有（）A．1种B．2种C．3种D．4种2．（6分）下列说法正确的是（）A．电磁波在真空中以光速C传播B．在空气中传播的声波是横波C．声波只能在空气中传播D．光需要介质才能传播3．（6分）如图所示，弹簧振子在M、N之间做简谐运动．以平衡位置O为原点，建立Ox轴．向右为x的轴的正方向．若振子位于N点时开始计时，则其振动图象为（）A．B．C．D．4．（6分）如图所示，匀强磁场中有两个导体圆环a、b，磁场方向与圆环所在平面垂直．磁感应强度B随时间均匀增大．两圆环半径之比为2：1，圆环中产生的感应电动势分别为E a和E b，不考虑两圆环间的相互影响．下列说法正确的是（）A．E a：E b=4：1，感应电流均沿逆时针方向B．E a：E b=4：1，感应电流均沿顺时针方向C．E a：E b=2：1，感应电流均沿逆时针方向D．E a：E b=2：1，感应电流均沿顺时针方向5．（6分）中国宋代科学家沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中最早记载了地磁偏角：“以磁石磨针锋，则能指南，然常微偏东，不全南也．”进一步研究表明，地球周围地磁场的磁感线分布示意如图．结合上述材料，下列说法不正确的是（）A．地理南、北极与地磁场的南、北极不重合B．地球内部也存在磁场，地磁南极在地理北极附近C．地球表面任意位置的地磁场方向都与地面平行D．地磁场对射向地球赤道的带电宇宙射线粒子有力的作用6．（6分）如图所示，一颗人造卫星原来在椭圆轨道1绕地球E运行，在P变轨后进入轨道2做匀速圆周运动．下列说法正确的是（）A．不论在轨道1还是在轨道2运行，卫星在P点的速度都相同B．不论在轨道1还是在轨道2运行，卫星在P点的加速度都相同C．卫星在轨道1的任何位置都具有相同加速度D．卫星在轨道2的任何位置都具有相同动量7．（6分）某兴趣小组探究用不同方法测定干电池的电动势和内阻，他们提出的实验方案中有如下四种器材组合．为使实验结果尽可能准确，最不可取的一组器材是（）A．一个安培表、一个伏特表和一个滑动变阻器B．一个伏特表和多个定值电阻C．一个安培表和一个电阻箱D．两个安培表和一个滑动变阻器8．（6分）雾霾天气对大气中各种悬浮颗粒物含量超标的笼统表述，是特定气候条件与人类活动相互作用的结果。
2016年北京英语高考试题(含答案)
绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分.考试时间为120分钟.考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分：听力理解（共三节：30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍.1.What does the man want to borrow?A.A pencil.B.An eraser.C.A pen.2.What is the woman doing now?A.Eating.B.Going home.C.Having group study.3.What does the man have for earthquake preparation?A.A candle.B.A radio.C.A flashlight.4.Where does the conversation most probably take place?A.In a bank.B. In a hotel.C.In a store.5.Where will the man go for his holiday?A.Brazil.B.Denmark.C.Greece.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题.听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白你将听两遍.听第6段材料，回答第6至7题.6.When does the supermarket close on Sundays?A.At 5:00 pm.B.At 7:00 pm.C. At 8:00 pm.7.What have the two speakers decided to do now?A.Go shopping.B.Take a walk.C.Have dinner听第7段材料，回答第8至9题.8.Why does the man make the call?A.To make a booking.B.To make a suggestion.C.To make an appointment.9.When will the man return from London?A.On March 10.B. On March 12.C. On March 22.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题.10.What is the possible between the two speakers ?A.Headmaster and teacher.B.Manager and customer.C.Boss and clerk.11.On which of following days will woman work?A.Wednesday.B. Saturday.C. Sunday.12.How often will the woman have on-the-job training?A. Once a week.B. Once a month.C. Once a year.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题.13.What is the speaker mainly talking about?A.Course materials.B. After-school activities.C. Changes in the timetable.14.What will the first class be today?A.English.B.History.C.Art.15.Which group will meet on Friday?A.The debating group.B.The handball group.C.The music group.第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至第20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个．．词.听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间.这段对话你将听两遍.Customer Service FormRoom No. 16Name George 17Phone No. 61-293-312097Event Booking a(n) 18Leaving:1:20 pm from the hotel to the MQ 19Returning:8:00 pm waiting 20 the MQ and then back tohotel第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ________,we last met more than thirt y years ago. A.What’s more B.That’s to sayC.In other wordsD.Believe it or not答案是D.21.Jack in the lab when the power cut occurred.A.worksB.has workedC.was workingD.would work22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which23.—Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?—The new Star Wars.We here for more than two hours.A.waitedB.waitC.would be waitingD.have been waiting24.Your support is important to our work. You can do helps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever25.I half of the English novel,and I，ll try to finish it at the weekend.A.readB.have readC.am readingD.will read26. it easier to get in touch with us, you，d better keep this card at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make27.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he，s in his nineties.A.as long asB.as ifC. even thoughD.in case28.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ success in the end.A. rewardedB. were rewardedC. will rewardD. will be rewarded31. I love the weekend,because I_____ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. wouldn’tD. shouldn’t32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _______ the old town into a dreamland.A. turnB. turningC. to turnD. turned33. I really enjoy listening to music ___ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A. becauseB.beforeC. unlessD. until34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ___ me, I could have helped.A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell35. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ______ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. soB. andC. forD. but第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑.A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria,a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn`t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn`t travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn`t exist yet.41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold.On January 31，a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The onlyhope was Balto,Kaasen’s lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 5 2 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to 53 .He had foung the trailAt 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recoverd.Nome had been 55 .36.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured37.A.harmless B.helpless C. fearless D.careless38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However39.A.airport B.station C. harbor D.border40.A.narrow B. snowy C.busy D.dirty41.A.From B.On C.By D.After42.A.tired B.upset C. pale D.sick43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic44.A.air B.rail C. sea D.road45.A.carry B.return C. mail D.give46.A.Though B.Since C. When D.If47.A.enter B.move C. visit D.cross48.A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish49.A.escape B.bleed C. swim D.die50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination51.A.find B.fix C. pass D.change52.A.pretending B.trying C. asking D.learning53.A.run B.leave C. bite D.play54.A.gathered B.stayed C. camped D.arrived55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上.ADear Alfred，I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, I’m anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldn’t . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, I’m learning your Proba bility course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. You’ve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why you’re saving my life.Yours,Tanis56. why did’t Tanis go to college after high school?A.She had learned enough about computer scienceB. She had more difficulty keeping foucesedC.She preferred taking online coursesD.She was too slow to learn57. AS for the working environment,Tains prefers____.A .working by herselfB.dealing with the publicpeting against othersD.staying with ADHD students58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_____.A.explain why she was interested in the computerB.share the ideas she had for her professionC .show how grateful she was to the centerD.describe the courses she had taken so farBSurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridge closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. V olunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalie’s choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to halp. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than be fore.”59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found______.A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuildB.The people trapped in high_rise buildingC.The volunteers donating money to suevivorsD.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people61.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to the kidsB.She took care of younger childrenC.She called on the White House to helpD.She built an information sharing platform62.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big differenceB.A friend in need is a friend indeedC.East or West,home is bestD.Technology is powerCCalifornia Condor’s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America’s largestbirds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s,electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drovethem to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now,”he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”63.California condors attract researchers’ interest because they .A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found on in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s64. Researchers have found electrical lines are .A.blocking condors’ journey homeB. big killers of Califorbnia condorasC. rest places for condors at nightD. used to keep condors away65.According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning .A.makes condors too nervous to flyB. has little effect on condors’ kidneysC. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ bloodD. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds66.The passage shows that .A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors bave brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problemDWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the sameenvironment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself bothe intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral68.The underlined word “passage” in Paraghaph 2 means .A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.According to the anthor ,what role should college play?A.to develop a shared identity among studentsB.to define and regulate students’ social behaviorC.To provide a safe world without tension for studentsD.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分.共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处.选项中有两项为多余选项.The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increasesyour hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.Ａ．It all depends on your character.Ｂ．Those are the risks you should jump to take.Ｃ．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.Ｄ．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.Ｅ．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. Ｆ．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. Ｇ．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）第一节（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华.你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物.请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1. 该人物是谁；2. 该人物的主要贡献；3. 该人物对你的影响.注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.Dear Jim,___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Yours,Li Hua第二节（ 20 分）假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华.你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动.请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程.注意：词数不少于60.提示词：地球日Earth Day2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试英语（北京卷）参考答案第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30 分）第一节（共5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共7.5 分）1. A2. B3. C4. B5. A6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）每小题1.5分.如果出现拼写错误不计分；出现大小写、单复数错误扣0.5分；如每小题超过一个词不计分.16. 1211/12-11/Twelve-Eleven/twelve-eleven/Twelve-eleven/TWELVE-ELEVEN17. Hogarth/HOGARTH18. taxi19. Tower/TOWER20. outside第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题 1 分，共15 分）21.C 22. A 23.D 24. C25. B26. D 27. C 28. D 29. B30. D31. A 32. B 33. A 34. B35. C第二节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共30 分）36. A 37. B 38. D 39. C40. B41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B45. A46. C 47. D 48. C 49. D50. C51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D55. B第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20 分）56. B 57. A 58. C 59. B60. A61. D 62. A 63. D 64. B65. D66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D70. C第二节（共5 小题；每小题 2 分.共10 分）71. F 72. C 73. A 74. E75. G第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）第一节（15分）Dear Jim,It’s great to hear from you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. He, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi(Maps and Records of the World), introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. That opened our eyes to the world. In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world.Interested in knowing more? I can find you some books! Just let me know.Cheers!Yours,Li Hua第二节（20 分）一、内容要点：1. 获知信息2. 制作3. 分发4. 演讲二、One possible version:A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We broughtto our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles, and turned those into dolls, handbags, issue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.。
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2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）理科综合第一部分（选择题共120分）本部分共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
1. 将与生物学有关的内容依次填入下图各框中，其中包含关系错误．．的选项是框号选项1 2 3 4 5A 组成细胞的化合物有机物无机物水无机盐B 人体细胞的染色体常染色体性染色体X染色体Y染色体C 物质跨膜运输主动运输被动运输自由扩散协助（易化）扩散D 有丝分裂分裂期分裂间期染色单体分离同源染色体分离【答案】D【名师点睛】首选明确识记知识点，并把各知识点构建成知识网络图，是解决本题的关键。
⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧无机盐水无机化合物核酸蛋白质脂质糖类有机物化合物组成细胞的化合物⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧染色体染色体性染色体常染色体人体细胞中的染色体YX⎩⎨⎧离分裂，姐妹染色单体分第二次分裂后期着丝点减数第二次分裂：减数同源染色体自由组合、同源染色体分离、非减数第一次分裂：联会减数分裂2. 葡萄酒酿制期间，酵母细胞内由ADP 转化为ATP 的过程 A . 在无氧条件下不能进行 B . 只能在线粒体中进行 C . 不需要能量的输入 D . 需要酶的催化 【答案】D【名师点睛】需要明确的知识点：①酵母菌细胞内ATP 形成的部位：细胞质基质、线粒体内膜、线粒体基质；②酵母菌的呼吸方式；③有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸过程中均有ATP 形成；④ADP 转化为ATP 的条件：需要能量以及酶的催化等。
3. 豹的某个栖息地由于人类活动被分隔为F 区和T 区。
20世纪90年代初，F 区豹种群仅剩25只，且出现诸多疾病。
为避免该豹种群消亡，由T 区引入8只成年雌豹。
经过十年，F 区豹种群增至百余只，在此期间F 区的 A .豹种群遗传（基因）多样性增加 B . 豹后代的性别比例明显改变 C . 物种丰（富）度出现大幅度下降 D . 豹种群的致病基因频率不变 【答案】A【解析】题干中“经过十年，F 区豹种群增至数百余只”，由于豹与豹之间的基因组成存在差异性，因此随 着F 区豹种群密度的增加，其遗传多样性增加；A 正确。
题干中没有关于十年后F 区中豹种群性别比例的 相关描述，无法确认其性别比例的变化；B 错误。
丰富度为群落特征，而豹群为种群，种群数量增加，没有 改变丰富度；C 错误。
引入T 区的豹后，引入的雌豹与F 区的雄豹交配，产生后代，且种群数量在增加， 由此推出致病基因频率下降；D 错误。
【名师点睛】需要明确的知识点：①明确不同生命层次上研究的问题不同。
例如种群水平的研究内容有： 种群的数量的数量动态（出生率、死亡率、年龄组成、性别比例等）、生物的生殖、进化、遗传多样性等问 题；群落水平上研究的内容有：丰富度、优势种、不同种群间的关系及其占据的生态位、群落演替、群落 的空间结构等。
②导致基因频率改变的因素。
4.足球赛场上，球员奔跑、抢断、相互配合，完成射门。
对比赛中球员机体生理功能的表述，不正确的是A.长时间奔跑需要消耗大量糖原（元）用于供能B.大量出汗导致失水过多，抑制抗利尿激素分泌C.在神经与肌肉的协调下起脚射门D.在大脑皮层调控下球员相互配合【答案】B【名师点睛】完美解答本题需要明确：①神经调节的相关内容：反射活动的结构基础及其结构组成；反射活动中需要神经中枢的参与且低级中枢要受到相应的高级中枢的调控；②机体的主要供能物质糖类：葡萄糖、糖原各自的作用；③水盐平衡的调节。
5.在正常与遮光条件下向不同发育时期的豌豆植株供应14CO2，48h后测定植株营养器官和生殖器官中14C的量。
两类器官各自所含14C量占植株14C总量的比例如图所示。
与本实验相关的错误叙述是A.14CO2进入叶肉细胞的叶绿体基质后被转化为光合产物B.生殖器官发育早期，光合产物大部分被分配到营养器官C.遮光70%条件下，分配到生殖器官和营养器官中的光合产物量始终接近D.实验研究了光强对不同发育期植株中光合产物在两类器官间分配的影响【答案】C【名师点睛】解答本题要明确该题考查的知识内容是什么：①光合作用过程：光反应、暗反应需要的原料及进行的场所。
②实验分析。
实验分析题解答的关键是：首选把握实验目的：研究了光强对不同发育期植株中光合产物在两类器官间分配的影响。
其次要明确自变量和因变量。
自变量：不同发育时期和遮光与正常光照；因变量：两类器官各自所含14C量占植株14C总量的比例。
最后分析图中数据是，要一个自变量对应一个相应的因变量。
例如：要研究正常光照与遮光对营养器官和生殖器官各自所含14C量占植株14C总量的情况分析时，要看处于同一发育时期的柱形图。
6．我国科技创新成果斐然，下列成果中获得诺贝尔奖的是A．徐光宪建立稀土串级萃取理论B．屠呦呦发现抗疟新药青蒿素C．闵恩泽研发重油裂解催化剂D．侯德榜联合制碱法【答案】B【解析】试题分析：2015年我国科学家屠呦呦发现的抗疟疾的新药青蒿素而获得了诺贝尔化学奖，答案选B。
【考点定位】本题主要是考查化学史判断【名师点晴】本题侧重于考查我国科学家在化学领域中的重大研究成果，主要是与诺贝尔化学奖有关的判断，学生只要平时注意稍加留意即可得出正确的判断，有利于培养学生的化学兴趣，激发学生的爱国主义热情。
7．下列中草药煎制步骤中，属于过滤操作的是A．冷水浸泡B．加热煎制C．箅渣取液D．灌装保存【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A、冷水浸泡属于物质的溶解，A错误；B、加热煎制属于加热，B错误；C、箅渣取液属于过滤操作，C正确；D、灌装是液体转移，D错误。
答案选C。
【考点定位】本题主要是考查物质的分离和提纯操作装置判断【名师点晴】该题以我国中草药煎制为载体侧重于考查学生对物质分离与提纯操作装置图的熟练掌握程度，题目难度不，明确过滤的含义、适用范围以及主要装置是解答的关键。
过滤适用于不溶性固体和液体之间的一种分离方法，主要仪器有铁架台（带铁圈）、烧杯、玻璃棒和漏斗，主要用品是滤纸。
另外还需要注意过滤操作的注意事项。
8．下列食品添加剂中，其使用目的与反应速率有关的是A．抗氧化剂B．调味剂C．着色剂D．增稠剂【答案】A【考点定位】本题主要是考查食品添加剂的有关判断【名师点晴】化学是一门实用性很强的学科，在日常生活及工农业生产和科学技术中应用十分广泛。
食品添加剂关互我们每个人的健康，了解食品添加剂是每个人应该掌握的基本常识，只有掌握一定的化学知识，才会使我们的生活质量得以提升，也才会更安全、更健康。
了解抗氧化剂、调味剂、着色剂、增稠剂的含义是解答的关键，注意相关知识的积累。
9．在一定条件下，甲苯可生成二甲苯混合物和苯。
有关物质的沸点、熔点如下：对二甲苯邻二甲苯间二甲苯苯沸点/℃熔点/℃1325476下列说法不正确的是A．该反应属于取代反应B．甲苯的沸点高于144℃C．用蒸馏的方法可将苯从反应所得产物中首先分离出来D．从二甲苯混合物中，用冷却结晶的方法可将对二甲苯分离出来【答案】B【考点定位】本题主要是考查物质的分离和提纯，有机物的反应类型判断等【名师点晴】掌握取代反应的含义、物质的分离与提纯方法以及相关物质的性质是解答的关键，解答时注意提取题干中的有效信息。
难点是物质的分离与提纯方法选择，分离提纯方法的选择思路是根据分离提纯物的性质和状态来定的。
归纳如下：①分离提纯物是固体(从简单到复杂方法) ：加热(灼烧、升华、热分解)，溶解，过滤(洗涤沉淀)，蒸发，结晶(重结晶)；②分离提纯物是液体(从简单到复杂方法) ：分液，萃取，蒸馏；③分离提纯物是胶体：盐析或渗析；④分离提纯物是气体：洗气。
答题时注意灵活应用。
10．K 2Cr2O7溶液中存在平衡：Cr2O72-（橙色）+H2O2CrO42-（黄色）+2H+。
用K2Cr2O7溶液进行下列实验：结合实验，下列说法不正确的是A．①中溶液橙色加深，③中溶液变黄B．②中Cr2O72-被C2H5OH还原C．对比②和④可知K2Cr2O7酸性溶液氧化性强D．若向④中加入70%H2SO4溶液至过量，溶液变为橙色【答案】D【考点定位】本题主要是考查化学平衡移动、氧化还原反应判断【名师点晴】明确溶液中的反应特点，并能灵活应用勒夏特列原理判断平衡的移动方向是解答的关键，解答时要注意通过对比实验的分析得出在酸性溶液中重铬酸钾的氧化性强，能把乙醇氧化。
易错选项是D，注意④中的实验环境，不要忽视了溶液中还存在乙醇，而不能单纯的考虑平衡的移动方向。
11．在两份相同的Ba(OH)2溶液中，分别滴入物质的量浓度相等的H2SO4、NaHSO4溶液，其导电能力随滴入溶液体积变化的曲线如右图所示。
下列分析不正确．．．的是A．①代表滴加H2SO4溶液的变化曲线B．b点，溶液中大量存在的离子是Na+、OH–C．c点，两溶液中含有相同量的OH–D．a、d两点对应的溶液均显中性【答案】C【解析】试题分析：两个反应的方程式分别为：①Ba(OH)2+H2SO4＝BaSO4+2H2O，②Ba(OH)2+NaHSO4＝NaOH+BaSO4 +H2O、③NaOH+NaHSO4＝Na2SO4+H2O。
A、根据反应的化学方程式可知当氢氧化钡恰好和硫酸完全反应时，溶液的导电能力最小，故①代表滴加硫酸时的变化曲线，A正确；B、b点是加入硫酸氢钠进行反应②，溶液中含有氢氧化钠，B正确；C、C点①曲线为硫酸，②曲线为氢氧化钠和硫酸钠，因为硫酸根离子浓度相同，②中的钠离子浓度大于①中氢离子浓度，所以溶液中的氢氧根离子浓度不相同，C 错误；D、a点为钡离子和硫酸根离子完全沉淀，d为硫酸钠溶液，溶液都显中性，D正确。
答案选C。
【考点定位】本题主要是考查酸碱溶液混合时溶液的酸碱性的判断以及图像分析等【名师点睛】该题以氢氧化钡与硫酸以及硫酸氢钠的反应为载体，侧重考查溶液的导电性、离子判断以及溶液酸碱性判断。
明确反应的原理，正确书写出相应的化学反应方程式是解答的关键，特别是氢氧化钡和硫酸氢钠的反应，应用顺序的不同或量的不同而导致方程式变化，是解答的难点和易错点。
注意溶液的导电能力只与溶液中离子浓度的大小和离子所带电荷数有关系，与离子种类无关。
12．用石墨电极完成下列电解实验。
实验一实验二装置现象a、d处试纸变蓝；b处变红，局部褪色；c处无明显变化两个石墨电极附近有气泡产生；n处有气泡产生；……下列对实验现象的解释或推测不合理的是A．a、d处：2H2O+2e-=H2↑+2OH-B．b处：2Cl--2e-=Cl2↑C．c处发生了反应：Fe-2e-=Fe2+D．根据实验一的原理，实验二中m处能析出铜【答案】B【考点定位】本题主要是考查电解原理的应用【名师点睛】化学反应主要是物质变化，同时也伴随着能量变化。
电化学是化学能与电能转化关系的化学。
电解池是把电能转化为化学能的装置，它可以使不能自发进行的化学借助于电流而发生。