FINS5550_International Banking_2007 Semester 1_Week 11 International Banking Crisis slides
解释SWIFT格式
附录SWIFT的使用第一节SWIFT的基本内容环球银行间金融电讯协会(Society of Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunication，SWIFT)。
1973年5月，由15个国家的239家银行在比利时共同创办了一个国际间非盈利性国际合作组织“环球银行间金融电讯协会”。
它的环球计算机数据通讯网在荷兰、美国和香港设有运行中心，在各会员国设有地区处理站，现有会员银行2281个，分会员银行3098个，参加用户1954个，用户总数7333个。
年处理电讯信息11亿多条(2000年统计数据)，平均日处理信息500万多条，年信息处理量的平均增长速度为16.26%，其总部设在比利时，受比利时法律管辖。
二、SWIFT特点及其服务种类标准化的SWIFT电讯分为10大类：客户汇款与支票、银行头寸调拨、外汇买卖和存放款、托收、证券、贵金属和银团贷款、跟单信用证和保函、旅行支票、银行账务和SWIFT系统电报。
此外，SWIFT还提供金融衍生工具业务，例如利率掉期和远期外汇等。
每一类电讯根据业务内容分为若干格式，每种格式又由若干项目组成，根据业务要求选择相应的项目。
SWIFT电讯传递安全可靠，每份SWIFT电讯的发妥和收妥均得到自动证实，例如SWIFT 操作中心收到银行终端发出的电讯时，如果确认无误，将一份拷贝发回终端，并引述发电全文，加注ACK(收妥证实)。
如果发回的拷贝加注NAK，则表示该电讯未发妥，拷贝末尾注明未发妥原因。
电脑对收发电信号进行严格控制，自动完成编押和核押工作。
SWIFT密押的组成根据电文中的货币名称、金额、日期、电文中每一个字符作为编押依据，在每份电讯最后写上自动核押(SAC，SYSTEM AUTHENTIFICATION CORRECT)。
SWIFT的电路速度是普通电传的48-192倍，每份电讯的费用则只有普通邮件的2／3左右。
SWIFT的操作详细规定请参考《SWIFT操作指南》一书。
信用证英文版
华利陶瓷厂与一塞浦路斯客户所开立并顺利支付的信用证TO:BANK OF CYPRUS LTDLETTERS OF CREDIT DEPARTMENTNTCOSIA COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS CENTER INTERNATIONAL DIVISION************TEL:******FAX:******TELEX:2451 & 4933 KYPRIA CYSWIFT:BCYPCY2NDATE:23 MARCH 2005APPLICATION FOR THE ISSUANCE OF A LETTER OF CREDIT SWIFT MT700 SENT TO:STANDARD CHARTERD BANKUNIT 1-8 52/F SHUN NIND SQUAREO1 WANG COMMERCIAL CENTRE,SHEN NAN5002,ROAD EAST,SHENZHEN 518008 - CHINATEL：82461688渣打银行深圳分行深南东路5002号信兴广场地王商业大厦52楼1-8单元电话：82461688:27: SEQUENCE OF TOTAL1/1:40A: FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDITIRREVOCABLE:20:DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER00143-01-0053557:31C: DATE OF ISSUE:31D:DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY050622 IN CHINA 050622:50: APPLICANT******* NICOSIA尼科西亚:59: BENEFICIARYCHAOZHOU HUALI CERAMICS FACTORYFENGYI INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT, GUXIANG TOWN, CHAOZHOU CITY,GUANGDONG PROVINCE,CHINA.:32B: CURRENCY CODE,AMOUNTUSD***7841,89:41D:AVAILABLE WITH....BY....STANDARD CHARTERED BANKCHINA AND/OR AS BELOWBY NEGOTIATION:42C:DRAFTS ATSIGHT:42A:DRAWEEBCYPCY2NO10BANK OF CYPRUS LTD 塞浦路斯的银行名:43P:PARTIAL SHIPMENTSNOT ALLOWED:43T:TRANSHIPMENTALLOWED:44A:LOADING ON BOARD/DISPATCH/TAKING IN CHARGE AT/FROM... SHENZHEN PORT:44B:FOR TRANSPORTATION TOLIMASSOL PORT 利马索尔:44C: LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT050601:045A:DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND/OR SERVICESSANITARY WARE 陶瓷洁具F O B SHENZHEN PORT,INCOTERMS 2000:046A:DOCUMENTS REQUIRED*FULL SET (AT LEAST THREE) ORIGINAL CLEAN SHIPPED ON BOARD BILLSOF LADING ISSUED TO THE ORDER OF BANK OF CYPRUS PUBLIC COMPANYLTD,CYPRUS,NOTIFY PARTIES APPLICANT AND OURSELVES,SHOWING*FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION AND BEARING THE NUMBER OF THISCREDIT.*PACKING LIST IN 3 COPIES.*CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY THE SHIPPING COMPANY/CARRIER OR THEIRAGENT STATING THE B/L NO(S) AND THE VESSEL(S) NAME CERTIFYING THAT THE CARRYING VESSEL(S) IS/ARE: A) HOLDING A VALID SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CERTIFICATE AS PER TERMS OF INTERNATIONALSAFETY MANAGEMENT CODE ANDB) CLASSIFIED AS PER INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION CLAUSE 01/01/2001 BY AN APPROPRIATE CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY*COMMERCIAL INVOICE FOR USD11,202,70 IN 4 COPIES DULY SIGNED BYTHE BENEFICIARY/IES, STATING THAT THE GOODS SHIPPED:A)ARE OF CHINESE ORIGIN.B)ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH BENEFICIARIES PROFORMA INVOICE NO. HL050307 DATED 07/03/05.:047A: ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS* THE NUMBER AND DATE OF THE CREDIT AND THE NAME OF OUR BANK MUSTBE QUOTED ON ALL DRAFTS (IF REQUIRED).*TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS TO BE CLAUSED: ’VESSEL IS NOT SCHEDULED TOCALL ON ITS CURPENT VOYAGE AT FAMAGUSTA,KYRENTA OR KARAVOSTASSI,CYPRUS.*INSURANCE WILL BE COVERED BY THE APPLICANTS.*ALL DOCUMENTS TO BE ISSUED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE. *NEGOTIATION/PAYMENT:UNDER RESERVE/GUARANTEE STRICTLY PROHIBITED.*DISCREPANCY FEES USD80, FOR EACH SET OF DISCREPANT DOCUMENTSPRESENTED UNDER THIS CREDIT,WHETHER ACCEPTED OR NOT,PLUS OURCHARGES FOR EACH MESSAGE CONCERNING REJECTION AND/OR ACCEPTANCEMUST BE BORNE BY BENEFICIARIES THEMSELVES AND DEDUCTED FROM THEAMOUNT PAYABLE TO THEM.*IN THE EVENT OF DISCREPANT DOCUMENTS ARE PRESENTED TO US ANDREJECTED,WE MAY RELEASE THE DOCUMENTS AND EFFECT SETTLEMENT UPONAPPLICANT’S WAIVER OF SUCH DISCREPANCIES,NOTWITHSTANDING ANYCOMMUNICATION WITH THE PRESENTER THAT WE ARE HOLDING DOCUMENTS ATITS DISPOSAL,UNLESS ANY PRIOR INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY ARERECEIVED.*TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS BEARING A DATE PRIOR TO THE L/C DATE ARE NOTACCEPTABLE.*DIFFERENCE OF USD3363.81(T.E.30 PERCENT OF INVOICE VALUE) BETWEEN L/C AMOUNT AND INVOICES AMOUNT REPRESENTS AMOUNT PAID BYAPPLICANTS DIRECT TO BENEFICIARIES OUTSIDE THE L/C TERMS WITHOUTANY RESPONSIBILITY ON OURSELVES AND TO BE SHOWN ON INVOICES ASSUCH.:71B: CHARGESBANK CHARGES OUTSIDE CYPRUSINCLUDING THOSE OF THE REIMBURSINGBANK ARE FOR BEN. A/C.:48: PERIOD FOR PRESENTATIONDOCUMENTS MUST BE PRESENTED WITHIN21 DAYS AFTER B/L DATE,BUTWITHIN THE VALIDITY OF THE CREDIT.:49:CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTIONSWITHOUT:53A: REIMBURSING BANKBCYPGB2LBANK OF CYPRUS UKINTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT,87/93 CHASE SIDE,SOUTHGATE N14 5BULONDON - UNITED KINGDOM.:78: INSTRUCTIONS TO THE PAY/ACCEP/NEG BANKNEGO OF DOCS THRU BANK OF CHINA LIMITED CHINA IS ALLOWED.PLEASEDEDUCT RROM YOUR PAYMENT TO BENEFICIARIES THE AMOUNT OF USD15,00 REPRESENTING RECORDING FEES. NEGOTIATION BANK TO OBTAINREIMBURSEMENT FROM OUR ACCOUNT WITH REIMBURSING BANK 3 BUSINESSDAYS FOLLOWING THEIR AUTHENTICATED TELEX/SWIFT ADVICE TO US,STATING A) OUR CREDIT NUMBER, B)AMOUNT CLAIMED, C) VALUE OF DOCUMENTS D)SHIPMENT/DISPATCH DATE AND E)THAT DOCS ARE IN STRICTCOMPLIANCE WITH CREDIT TERMS. ON EXECUTION FORWARD TO US,BANK OFCYPRUS PUBLIC COMAPNY LTD,NICOSIA COMMERCIAL OPER. CENTER INTERN. DIV., 10 KYRIACOS MATSI AV. 1082 AY. OMOLOYITES,NIGOSIA, CYPRUS,ALL DOCS IN ONE LOT BY COURIER SERVICE AT BENEFICIARIESEXPENSE.:72: SENDER TO RECEIVER INFORMATIONCREDIT IS SUBJECT TO U.C.P. 1993I.C.C PUBL. NO.500. SUBJECT TO URRICC 525.COLLECT YOUR CHARGES FROM BENE.PLEASE ACKN.RECEIPT. CUMSTOMER’S APPR OVAL.。
汇票练习
题目要求和说明KEY2．题目要求和说明3.题目要求和说明NATIONAL PARIS BANK24 MARSHALL A VE DONCASTER MONTREAL, CANADAWE ISSUE OUR IRREVOCABLE DOCUMENT ARY CREDIT NUMBER:TH2003IN FAVOUR OF: SUZHOU KNITWEAR AND MANUFACTURED GOODS INPORT AND EXPORT TRADE CORPORATION（受益人）321, ZHOUGSHAN ROAD SUZHOU, CHINABY ORDER OF: YI YANG TRADING CORPORATION88 MARSHALL AVEDONCASTER VIC 3108CANADAFOR AN AMOUNT OF USD 89 705.50DA TE OF EXPIRY: 15NOV03PALCE: IN BENEFICIARY’S COUNRTYA V AILABLE WITH ANY BANK（议付行）BY NEGOTIATION OF BENEFICIARY’S DRAFT DRAWN ON USAT SIGHT IN MONTREALTHIS CREDIT IS TRANSFERABLEAGAINST DELIVERY OF THE FOLLOWING DOCUMENTS+COMMERCIAL INVOICES IN 5 COPIES+CANADA CUSTOMS INVOICES IN 6 COPIES+FULL SET OF NEGOTIABLE INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE BLANK ENDORSED FOR 110 PERCENT OF INVOICE V ALUE COVERING ALL RESKS+FULL SET OF ORIGINAL MARINE BILLS OF LADING CLEAN ON BOARD PLUS 2NON-NEGOTIABLE COPIES MADE OUR OR ENDORSED TO ORDER OF NATIONALPARIS BANK 24 MARSHALL VEDONCASTER MONTREAL,CANADA.+SPECIFICATION LIST OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURESIN 4 COPIES COVERINGSHIPMENT OF COTTON TEATOWELS AS PER S/C ST303.FOR 1-300 SIZE 10 INCHES * 10 INCHES 16000 DOZ. AT USD 1.31/DOZ. 301-600 SIZE 20INCHES 6000 DOZ. AT USD 2.51/DOZ. AND 601-900 SIZE 30 INCHES * 30 INCHES 11350DOZ. AT USD 4.73/DOZ.CIF MONTREALFROM CHINESE PORT TO MONTREAL PORTNOT LETER THAN 31,OCT.03PARTIAL SHIPMENTS: ALLOWEDTRANSHIPMENT:ALLOWEDSPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS+ALL CHARGES IF ANY RELATED TO SETTLEMENTS ARE FOR ACCOUNT OFBENEFICIARY+IN CASE OF PRESENTA TION OF DOCUMENTS WITH DISCREPANCY (IES) A CHARGEOF USD 55.00THIS CREDIT IS SUBJECT TO UCP FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDITS 1993 RECISION ICCPUBLICATION 500 AND IS THE OPERATIVE INSTRUMENTKEYBILL OF EXCHANGENO. T03617 Date: OCT.24，2004FOR USD 89705.50At ****** Sight of THIS SECOND BILL of EXCHANGE（First of the tenor and date being unpaid）Pay to BANK OF CHINA or order the sum ofDrawn under NATIONAL PARIS BANK （CANADA）MONTREALL/C NO. TH2003 Dated OCT.06，2004TO.NA TIONAL PARIS BANK24 MARSHALL VEDONCASTER MONTREAL CANADASUZHOU KNITWEAR AND MANUFACTURED GOODSIMPORT & EXPORT TRADE CORPORATION。
世格SimIS国际结算信用证实训答案
信用证进口信用证业务申请人申请开证01P10合同（15分）P11交代工作程：资料看得怎么样了？：看的差不多了。
（5分）还没有看好P13 按钮选择程：你看看这份合同，要求的是哪种信用证方式的？：即期信用证（5分）远期信用证P17按钮选择程：你还记得合同中规定的这批货物的装运期是什么时候呢？：9月17日之前最迟9月17日（5分）9月17日P20选择题（10分）程：我再问问你，合同中规定了哪些单据是需要BPM公司准备的吗？（ACDE）：A 商业发票B 合同C 装箱单D 海运提单E 保险单据F 原产地证书P22选择单据（10分，选错1次减2分）托收委托书信用证开证申请书购买外汇申请书境外汇款申请书客户交单联系表信用证修改申请书P28按钮选择程：不错！去银行开证之前，先要填写好开证申请书的。
那在填写开证申请书之前还要做什么审核工作，你知道吗？：要先检查一下我们开证的授信额度。
（5分）是需要检查一下合同是否正确。
P32申请书填写（10分）1、JIANGSU SENOR INTERNATIONAL GROUP CORPORATIONNO. 10 SHANGHAI ROAD, NANJING, 210005,CHINA2、BPM NUTRITION CO., LTD598 COMMONWEALTH ST, BOSTON, MA, 02215,USA3、USD24000.00P34点选题（15分）指出申请书中以下栏位：* 信用证到期日* 交单期限* 付款方式* 装运信息（CDF）P36选择单据（拖拽题）（10分）P38流程回顾（10分）申请人申请开证02P5单选（10分）请你想想，云与客户采用不可撤销信用证为结算方式最大的特点是什么呢？（B）A．这种方式可以给嘉园国际集团双重的付款承诺B．能得到开证行的付款承诺C．给予嘉园国际集团最大的灵活性D．给予芬兰DARI公司最大的安全性P6 按钮选择（10分）：芬兰DARI公司的节能灯泡合同已经传过来了。
SWIFT CODE
英文名称
中文名称
1
NATIXIS (FORMERLY NATEXIS BANQUES POPULAIRES)
2 CITIBANK TAIWAN LIMITED
法国外贸银行香港分行 花旗银行台北分行
3 NATIONAL AUSTRALIA BANK LIMITED
澳大利亚国民银行
4 RAIFFEISEN BANK INTERNATIONAL AG
星展银行dbsssgsg33unitedoverseasbanklimited新加坡大华银行uovbsgsg34absabanklimited南非联合银行absazajj35standardbankofsouthafricalimitedthe南非标准银行sbzazajj36cajamediterraneo西班牙地中海储蓄银行caames2a37nordeabankabpubl北欧银行瑞典ndeasess38creditsuisseag瑞士信贷银行creschzz39turkiyegarantibankasias
奥地利银行
5 FORTIS BANK S.A./N.V. BRUSSELS
6
ING BELGIUM NV/SA (FORMERLY BANK BRUSSELS LAMBERT SA), BRUSSELS
7 KBC BANK NV
富通银行 荷兰商业银行 比利时银行
8 BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
加拿大丰业银行
9 BANCO NACIONAL DE CUBA
古巴国家银行
10 DANSKE BANK A/S
丹麦银行
11 NATIONAL BANK OF EGYPT
埃及国民银行
《国际结算：理论·实务·案例(双语教材)》CH3
$26 MM $3 MM $22.5 MM
Bank C $2.6 MM available Balance Resulting From Multi-Lateral Netting Bank A $0 5M $0.5M Bank B $4 5M $4.5M Bank C $3 1M $3.1M
FEDWIRE 美国联邦储备中央银行清算系统
CHIPS closes
FEDWIRE closes
10:00am 12:00am 12:30pm
4:30pm5:00pm 5:30pm
6:00pm
Cut-off for S/T CHIPS payments
Cut-off for S/T FEDWIRE payments
Cut-off for Book Transfers
The position of Dollar Clearing System
The dollar is the major international foreign exchange h currency, which hi h occupied i d over 50% of international payments CHIPS（纽约银行间的清算系统）, FEDWIRE （美国联邦储备银行的清算系统）, BOOK TRANSFER（内部转账）, CHECKS（支票）, AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE（ACH,自动 清算所）
3.2 EUR Clearing Systems
Euro
Euro is the name given by the European Council of Madrid to the new single p currency. y European
first heartland jusan bank外贸术语 -回复
first heartland jusan bank外贸术语-回复首先，我们需要了解什么是外贸术语。
外贸术语是指在国际贸易活动中广泛使用的特定词汇和短语，用于描述不同的商务操作、货物运输、付款和文件处理等方面。
在这篇文章中，我们将重点介绍美国第一心脏聚三银行（First Heartland Jusan Bank）所使用的一些外贸术语，以便更好地理解其在国际贸易中的活动。
首先，我们将介绍一些关于外贸交易的基本术语。
在外贸交易中，常用的术语包括进口（Import）和出口（Export），这是指将产品从一个国家（出口）运往另一个国家（进口）。
外贸交易还涉及到采购（Procurement）和供应链管理（Supply Chain Management），这是指购买产品的过程以及对供应链进行管理和优化。
其次，让我们来了解一些与运输相关的外贸术语。
在国际贸易中，货物的运输是至关重要的。
一些常见的运输方式包括海运（Sea Freight）、空运（Air Freight）和陆运（Land Freight）。
此外，还有一些专门用于处理国际货物运输的组织，例如国际货运代理（International Freight Forwarder）和国际快递公司（International Courier）。
接下来，让我们探讨一些与付款相关的外贸术语。
在国际贸易中，确保安全和及时的付款是非常重要的。
常用的付款方式包括信用证（Letter of Credit）和电汇（Wire Transfer）。
信用证是一种通过银行保证付款的方式，而电汇是一种通过电子方式进行的资金转账。
此外，还有一些与文件处理相关的外贸术语。
在外贸交易中，需要处理各种文件，例如合同（Contract）、发票（Invoice）和提单（Bill of Lading）。
这些文件是确保交易正常进行的重要文件，同时也是记录和核实交易细节的关键文件。
最后，我们将介绍一些与风险管理相关的外贸术语。
UCR522
中英文URC522跟单托收统一规则第522号（URC522）一、总则和定义第一款：《托收统一规则》第522号的应用（1）国际商会第522号出版物《托收统一规则》1995年修订本将适用于第二款所限定的、并在第四款托收指示中列明适用该项规则的所有托收项目。
除非另有明确的约定，或与某一国家、某一政府，或与当地法律和尚在生效的条例有所抵触，本规则对所有的关系人均具有约束力。
（2）银行没有义务必须办理某一托收或任何托收指示或以后的相关指示。
（3）如果银行无论出于何种理由选择了不办理它所收到的托收或任何相关的托收指示，它必须毫不延误地采用电讯，或者如果电讯不可能时采用其它快捷的工具向他收到该项指示的当事人发出通知。
第二款托收的定义就本条款而言：（1）托收是指银行依据所收到的指示处理下述（2）款所限定的单据，以便于：a.取得付款和/或承兑；或b.凭以付款或承兑交单；或c.按照其他条款和条件交单。
（2）单据是指金融单据和/或商业单据。
a.金融单据是指汇票、本票、支票或其他类似的可用于取得款项支付的凭证；b.商业单据是指发票、运输单据、所有权文件或其他类似的文件，或者不属于金融单据的任何其他单据。
（3）光票托收是指不附有商业单据的金融单据项下的托收。
（4）跟单托收是指：a. 附有商业单据的金融单据项下的托收；b.不附有金融单据的商业单据项下的托收。
第三款托收的关系人（1）就本条款而言，托收的关系人有：a.委托人即委托银行办理托收的有关人；b.寄单行即委托人委托办理托收的银行；c.代收行即除寄单行以外的任何参与处理托收业务的任何银行；（2）付款人即根据托收指示向其提示单据的人。
二、托收的形式和结构第四款托收指示（1） a.所有送往托收的单据必须附有一项托收指示，注明该项托收将遵循《托收统一规则》第522号文件并且列出完整和明确的指示。
银行只准允根据该托收指示中的命令和本规则行事；b.银行将不会为了取得指示而审核单据；c.除非托收指示中另有授权，银行将不理会来自除了他所收到托收的有关人/银行以外的任何有关人/银行的任何指令。
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►Banking crises were common in both advanced and emerging financial markets alike
►Resolution costs are massive (23% of GDP on average if combined with currency crisis)
►Historically, due to the above characteristics of banks, in times of a sharp rise in systemic risk, banking panics would result.→Contagions of crisis (i.e. Banking crisis) →financial crisis.
credit crunch for small to medium sized firms.
►Negative spill-over effects to other banking markets.
Figure 1.
Source: Hoggarth et al (2003)
High-income countries
Medium and low-income countries
Average all countries
Source: Extracted from Tables 1 and 3 from Hoggarth et al (2002)
►Resulting financial crisis and adverse selection problems would lead to
inefficient resource allocation.
►It compromises the effectiveness of monetary policy.
►Banking crisis is more common and its consequences more severe for
emerging markets due to under-development of non-bank sector of
financial markets.
►Banking crisis is a leading indicator of BOP problems.
►To manage currency mismatch:
►Existence of government bail-outs and other guarantees would lead to moral hazard on the part of depositors as they will pay little attention to creditworthiness of banks.
Stage 3: Financial Instability
A number of bankruptcies, NPLs, etc.
Stage 4: Matured market.
Banking sector with efficient banks capable of competition ►If liberalization precedes the above necessary steps, initiate policy measures to slow the rate of capital inflow and speed of financial engineering down so as to allow the supervisors to catch up to new developments.
and
►Inevitable pressure to devalue the currency will
lead to depositors switching to foreign currencies
leading to liquidity pressures.
since 1987 and since 1997 for east Asian markets.►Through market deepening, the adverse effects of
volatility spillovers can be diminished.。