初中英语重点词汇辨析

初中英语重点词汇辨析
初中英语重点词汇辨析

1 accept/receive

Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。

①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

②We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。

Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:

①I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。

②He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。

③He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。

[注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用receive, 而不用accept.

如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。

2 before long/ long before

Ⅰ. before long. “不久”,“不久以后”

Ⅱ. long before “很早以前”,“好久以前”如:

①I hope to see you again before long. 我希望不久以后再见到你。

②We finished our work long before.我们早就把工作做完了

3 care (about) / take care of/ care for

Ⅰ.take care of“照料=look after,即指喂饭照看等。如:

①Nurses take care of patients in hospital.

[注]:它还可表所负的责任,如:

①Mr Savage takes care of marketing and publicity. 萨维奇先生负责销售和宣传。

Ⅱ.care about表你是否认为某件事是重要的,某件事是否引起了你的兴趣或使你忧虑,常用于疑问句或否定句中,后接从句时,about一般都要省略。如:

I don’t care whether it rains, I’m happy. 我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。

Ⅲ.care for 有以下几种意思

1)“照料”(特别是多用在正式的或较文的文体中)如:

She spent the best years of her life caring for her sick father. 她把一生中最好的岁月都用来照料她那有病的父亲了。

2)“关怀”“关心”如:care for the younger generation 关怀年轻的一代

3)“喜欢、愿意”(多用在疑问句或否定句中)[care for sb. to do sth.] 如:

①Would you care for a cup of tea? 你喜欢喝一杯茶吗?

②I don’t/shouldn’t care for him to read this letter. 我不愿让他看这封信

4 cost/ spend/ pay/ take

Ⅰ.cost 指某东西“值……钱”;“需要花费……钱/ 精力”等,它的主语一般为表示东西的名词,不能为表示人的名词,作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语,无被动语态。如:

①I’ll bet that dress cost a thousand dollars.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。

②The chair cost me thirty yuan.这把椅子花了我30元。

③The building of the dam cost many lives. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价);

使损失)

④Bad driving may cost you your life.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。

⑤作名词时意为“花费;成本”→The cost of the house was too high for me.这房子的价钱太

高,我买不起。

[常用搭配]:

①at all costs 不惜一切代价,—→The officer told the soldiers that they must defend the town at all costs.军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。

②at the cost of 以……为代价。

→1). He finished the work at the cost of his health. 他完成了这项工作,但失去了健康。

→2). She saved him from fire, but at the cost of her own life. 她从火中把他救出,但她自己却牺牲了。

③cost of living 生活费用。

—→As the cost of living goes up my standard of living goes down. 生活费用越上涨,我的生活水准越降低。

Ⅱ.spend 的主语经常是人 , 用来表示人花钱买东西或花时间做某事,

常用的句型有:???

++++++sth.

(in)doing / spend sth.on / spend 金钱时间人金钱时间人 如:

① I spend 5 yuan on the book.我买这书花五元钱。

② The boy spent 10 minutes drawing a dog.那个男孩花了10分钟画一只狗。

Ⅲ.pay “支付,花费”,主语只能是人 且只用于花费金钱,其结构是: pay + sb + some money + for sth. “为……付给某人多少钱” 其中的人、钱、事,可以根据具体情况取舍。如: ① I paid (him)5 yuan. 我付(给他)5元钱。

② I paid him 5 yuan for the book. 我买那本书付给了他五元钱。

③ I paid him for the book. 我买那本书付给了他钱。

④ I paid for the book. 我付了那本书的钱。

Ⅳ.take 也可表“花费时间和金钱”,(一般只指花费时间)

其常用结构为:It +take(各种时态)+time/money+to do sth. 如

It took me three hours to finish the work.

5.die for / die from / die of/die away/die down/ die off/ die out

1. die for 表“为某一目的、事业等而死”;“渴望、极想”。

1).To die for the people is a glorious death.. 为人民而死,虽死犹荣。

2).I ’m dying for a cup of coffee. 我很想喝杯咖啡。

2. die from. 表“死于(创伤、劳累、忧愁等)”。(除疾病或情感以外的原因)。如:

1).He died from a wound. 他死于创伤。

2).She died from overwork. 她过度操劳而死。

3. die of 表“死于(疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等)”。

1).The old man died of cancer.那老人患癌症死的。

2).His father died of starvation in Germany. 他的父亲饿死在德国。

3). The old woman died of grief soon after her husband ’s deth. 那位老太太在失去丈夫后不

久就因悲伤而死。

4. die away “消失;停息”如:

1).The sound of the car died away in the distance. 汽车的响声在远处消失了。

2).The wind has died away . 风已经停息。

5. die down 指灯火等慢慢地“熄灭”;指骚动等渐渐地“平息下来”如:

1).They waited till the storm died down . 他们一直等到风暴停息。

2).The fire died down . 火慢慢地熄灭了。

3).The fighting has died down . 战斗渐渐停止。

6. die off 指一个个相继“死掉”如:

1).They had to watch their young children died off through lack of food. 他们不得不眼睁睁

地看着孩子们因为没有东西吃而一个个地死掉。

7. die out. “死光;绝种”如:

1).These animals have already died out . 这类动物已经绝种。

6 have been to / have been in / have gone to

Ⅰ. have been to … 表示:“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。如:

① Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了?(现在已回来)I have been to Beijing. 我去北京

了。(现不在北京)

② I have never been there before, have I? 我以前从未去过那儿,是吗?

Ⅱ. have been in 表示:“去了某地,并曾在那儿(一段时间),或现在仍在那儿。 ① She has been in Shanghai for a few weeks.

Ⅲ. have gone to … 表示:“去了”指人已经走了,(至少目前不在说话的地点,在去的途中或已经到目的地)。如:

① Kate isn ’t at home, She has gome to school. 凯特不在家,她上学去了。(在路上或已经在

学校了)。

② She isn ’t here, she has gone to Nanjing. 她不在这儿,她去南京了。

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初中英语词语辨析 (一) 1、afraid of doing sth& afraid to do sth. & be afraid to do sth. be afraid of sth.的意思是:害怕某物 be afraid of doing sth.是担心做某事后出现某种后果 be afraid to do sth.是害怕做某事。 Are you afraid of snakes? 你怕蛇吗? I am afraid of falling behind the others. 我怕拉到别人的后面。 She was afraid to stay at home alone. 她害怕肚子呆在家。 2. a few, few , little, a little, several, some few和little的意思是否定的,表示很少或几乎没有; a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示有一些,有一点 few和a few用于修饰可数名词; little和a little用于修饰不可数名词。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass, so you can…t drink any.杯子里几乎没有水了,你不可能喝到水了。 several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few,some更肯定,含有有几个的意思some可用于修饰可数名词也可用于修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few或a little,或更多些。 3. ago/ before/ after/in ago 只用于一般过去时,表示从现在算起的一段时间以前。 He died two years ago.他是两年前去世的。 before 后接―时间点,可用于任何时态;它也可放在时间段后,用于完成时或一般过去时态。I got there before 5 o?clock.我五点钟前到达那里。 I never saw him before.我以前没见过他。 He had done it two days before.他两天前就做过此事。 4. after,in这两个介词都可以表示一般时间以后。其区别是: after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子。 She went after three days。她是三天以后走的。 In以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。 She will go three days。她三天以后去那儿。 5. already/ yet/still already 意为”已经”,常用于肯定句,多与完成时和进行时连用。用于疑问句时表示问话人持怀疑、惊异的态度。 Is it Sunday already?已经到星期天啦? I have already finished it.我已经做完了。 yet 通常用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中作表“已经”,在否定句中表“还”。

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关于这一点,她什么也没有对我讲。 *speak 当及物动词用时,宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词。如: does anyone speak english here? 这儿有人会说英语吗? 2、good well nice good 形容词,好的,合适的,新鲜的,擅长的。 well 作形容词时,指"(身体)健康的”;还可用作副词,修饰动词。nice形容词,美好的,令人愉快的,可爱的,特指取悦感官的事物。she is good at english.她擅长英语。 this cake tastes good.这蛋糕好吃。 his mother is very well.他妈妈很健康。 she is a nice little girl.她是个可爱的小姑娘。 3、look see watch read 看 look通常为不及物动词,强调“看”的动作,指“认真看”,强调看的对象时,后须接介词at才能带宾语,即look at。 see是及物动词侧重于看的结果“看见,看到” watch 作动词,意为“观看,注视”,多指观看运动着的事物,如电视、比赛、表演等。 read 主要强调“读,阅读,朗读”,汉语中常译成“看”,多指看书、报、杂志。 look!the man is coming!看!那个男的来了。 look at the map .看这张地图。 can you see the dog over there?你能看见那儿的狗吗?

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