LTC 具温度电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片

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电量计芯片

电量计芯片电量计芯片是一种用于测量电池电量的集成电路，用于监测和报告电池的剩余容量。

电量计芯片通常由一个ADC（模拟数字转换器）和一个微控制器组成。

ADC负责将电池的电压转换成数字信号，微控制器则对信号进行处理和计算，最终得出电池的剩余容量。

电量计芯片的工作原理是通过测量电池的电压来估计剩余容量。

电池的电压与剩余容量之间有一定的关系，通过电压的变化可以推测电池的剩余容量。

在芯片内部，ADC将电压转换成数字信号，微控制器则根据事先设定的电压与容量的对应关系进行计算。

电量计芯片的功能不仅限于测量电池的剩余容量，还可以提供其他与电池相关的信息。

例如，电池的充电状态、放电状态、充放电电流以及温度等参数都可以通过电量计芯片进行监测和报告。

这些信息对于电池的管理和保护非常重要，可以防止电池过充、过放、过温等问题，延长电池的使用寿命。

电量计芯片在电子设备中应用广泛。

在智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等移动设备中，电量计芯片是控制电池管理系统的核心部件。

它不仅可以提供对电池剩余容量的实时监测，还可以控制充放电过程，保证电池的稳定工作。

此外，电量计芯片还广泛应用于无线电、汽车电子、医疗器械等领域。

在无线电中，电量计芯片可以用于无线耳机、蓝牙音箱等设备的电池管理。

在汽车电子中，电量计芯片可以用于电动汽车的电池管理系统，确保电池的安全和稳定工作。

在医疗器械中，电量计芯片可以用于电子血压计、血糖仪等设备的电池管理，保证设备的正常运行。

总之，电量计芯片是一种非常重要的集成电路，用于测量电池的剩余容量和监测电池的状态。

它在电子设备中应用广泛，可以提供对电池的实时监测和控制，确保电池的安全和稳定工作。

随着电子设备的普及和发展，电量计芯片将会有更广泛的应用前景。

电池电量检测芯片

电池电量检测芯片时间：2011-12-17 22:29:42来源：作者：电池电量监测计就是一种自动监控电池电量的IC，其向做出系统电源管理决定的处理器报告监控情况。

一个不错的电池电量监测计至少需要一些测量电池电压、电池组温度和电流的方法、一颗微处理器、以及一种业经验证的电池电量监测计算法。

bq2650x 和 bq27x00 均为完整的电池电量监测计，其拥有一个用于电压和温度测量的模数转换器(ADC) 以及一个电流和充电感应ADC。

这些电池电量监测计还拥有一颗运行TI 电池电量监测计算法的内部微处理器。

这些算法将对锂离子(Li-ion)电池的自放电、老化、温度和放电率进行补偿。

该微处理器可以使主机系统处理器不用进行没完没了的计算。

电池电量监测计提供了诸如¡电量剩余状态¡等信息，同时bq27x00 系统还提供了¡剩余运行时间¡信息。

主机在任何时候都可以询问到这种信息，并由主机来决定是通过LED 还是通过屏幕显示消息来通知最终用户有关电池的信息。

由于系统处理器只需要一个12C 或一个HDQ 通信驱动，因此使用电池电量监测计非常简单。

电池组电路描述图1 描述了电池组中的应用电路。

根据所使用电池电量监测计IC 的不同，电池组将至少具有三到四个可用外部终端。

图1 典型的应用电路VCC 和BAT 引脚将接入电池电压，用于IC 功率和电池电压的测量。

一只低阻值感应电阻被安装在电池的接地端，以使感应电阻两端的电压能够被电池电量监测计的高阻抗SRP 和SRN 输入监控到。

流经感应电阻的电流有助于我们确定电池的已充电量或已放电量。

在选择感应电阻值时，设计人员必须考虑到其两端的电压不应该超过100 mV。

太小的电阻值在低电流条件下可能会带来误差。

电路板布局必须确保SRP 和SRN 到感应电阻的连接尽可能地靠近感应电阻的各个端点；即Kelvin 连接测量。

HDQ/SDA 和SCL 引脚均为开漏器件，二者都要求有一个外部上拉电阻。

LTC6803-2-LTC6803-4：多节电池的电池组监视器

LTC6803-2/LTC6803-4：多节电池的电池组监视器
描述
LTC®6803是第二代的完整电池监视IC，内置一个12 位ADC、一个精准型电压基准、一个高电压输入多路复用器和一个串行接口。

每个LTC6803 能够测量多达12 个串接电池或超级电容器的电压。

可以把多个LTC6803 器件堆叠起来以监视一个长电池串中每节电池的电压。

每个LTC6803-2 / LTC6803-4 具有一个可单独寻址的串行接口，允许将多达16 个LTC6803-2 / LTC6803-4 器件连接至一个控制处理器并同时运作。

每个电池输入具有一个相关联的MOSFET 电源开关，用于对过度充电的电池进行放电。

LTC6803-2 在内部将电池组的底端与V―相连。

该器件的引脚与LTC6802-2 兼容，从而
提供了一款直接替代型的升级方案。

LTC6803-4 则把电池组的底端与V―分开，故而改善了第一节电池(cell 1) 的测量准确度。

LTC6803 提供了一种用于将电源电流减小至12μA的待机模式。

此外，LTC6803 还可从一个隔离型电源来供电，因而提供了一种将电池组吸收电流减小至零的方法。

相关器件LTC6803-1 和LTC6803-3 提供了一个串行接口，因而允许将多个LTC6803-1 或LTC6803-3 器件的串行端口以菊链式连接起来，无需使用光耦合器或光隔离器。

特点
●可测量多达12 个串联电池的电压
●可堆叠式架构
●可支持多种电池化学组成和超级电容器
●可单独寻址的串行接口。

多节锂电池充电管理芯片

多节锂电池充电管理芯片多节锂电池充电管理芯片（Multi-Cell Lithium Battery Charging Management Chip）随着电子设备的普及和移动应用的广泛应用，对电池的需求也愈发增加。

多节锂电池的设计因其高容量和高能量密度而被广泛应用于电动汽车、电动工具、无人机等领域。

多节锂电池的充电管理是提高电池性能和延长使用寿命的关键。

因此，多节锂电池充电管理芯片的研发和应用具有重要意义。

多节锂电池充电管理芯片是一种用于控制和管理电池充电过程的集成电路。

它通常由电路管理单元（Management Unit），放电保护单元（Discharge Protection Unit），充电控制单元（Charging Control Unit）和通信接口单元（Communication Interface Unit）等组件构成。

充电芯片的主要功能是实现对电池的合理充电和放电控制，同时保护电池免受过充、过放、过流和过温等问题的影响。

它还能够通过通信接口与外部设备进行数据交互，实现对电池充电和放电过程的监测和控制。

多节锂电池充电管理芯片的工作原理是通过对电池电压、电流和温度等参数的监测和控制，实现对电池充电和放电过程的控制和管理。

当电池电压低于一定阈值时，充电控制单元会启动充电，将电压升至设定的充电终止电压。

当电池电压超过一定阈值时，放电保护单元会切断电池的充电电源，防止过充。

同时，多节锂电池充电管理芯片还具备过放保护、过流保护和过温保护等功能，以保护电池免受异常工作条件的影响。

多节锂电池充电管理芯片具有许多优点。

首先，它能够实现对电池的智能化充电和放电管理，提高电池的性能和稳定性。

其次，多节锂电池充电管理芯片体积小、功耗低，便于集成到各种电子设备中。

最后，多节锂电池充电管理芯片具有良好的可靠性和安全性，可以有效延长电池的使用寿命，减少电池故障的发生。

然而，目前市面上多节锂电池充电管理芯片的种类繁多，功能各异。

锂电池电量检测芯片

锂电池电量检测芯片锂电池电量检测芯片简介锂电池电量检测芯片（Fuel Gauge）是一种用于检测锂电池充放电状态和估计电池电量的芯片。

它通过测量电池的电流、电压和温度等参数来实时计算电池的容量、剩余电量以及充电状态等信息，为设备提供准确的电池电量显示和保护功能。

锂电池电量检测芯片的工作原理锂电池电量检测芯片主要通过电流积分和电压比较等方式来实现电量检测。

当电池放电时，芯片会测量电池的放电电流，然后通过积分计算所消耗的电量。

同时，芯片还会检测电池的电压，并将其与预设的电压阈值进行比较，以确定电池的剩余容量和充放电状态。

锂电池电量检测芯片的特点和应用锂电池电量检测芯片具有以下特点：1. 高集成度：芯片内部集成了多种电流、电压和温度传感器，能够同时对这些参数进行测量和处理，从而实现全面的电量检测。

2. 高精度：芯片内置的精密传感器和算法能够实时准确地计算电池的容量和剩余电量，提供精确的电量显示和报警功能。

3. 低功耗：芯片采用低功耗设计，能够在工作时尽可能减少电池的耗电量，延长设备的续航时间。

锂电池电量检测芯片广泛应用于各种便携式电子设备中，如智能手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、无人机等。

它能够帮助用户准确了解电池的剩余容量，及时为设备充电，避免因电量不足造成的意外关机等问题。

锂电池电量检测芯片在电池管理中的作用锂电池电量检测芯片是电池管理系统中重要的组成部分，它能够监测电池的状态和健康程度，为电池管理提供准确的数据支持。

通过检测电池的充放电状态和剩余容量，芯片能够实时反馈电池的状态，帮助用户合理使用电池，延长电池的寿命。

同时，锂电池电量检测芯片还具备保护功能。

当电池电压过高或过低、温度异常等情况发生时，芯片能够通过电压比较、温度检测等方式实时发出警报，防止电池发生过充、过放、过热等危险情况。

总结锂电池电量检测芯片是一种用于检测锂电池充放电状态和估计电池电量的芯片。

它通过测量电池的电流、电压和温度等参数来实时计算电池的容量、剩余电量以及充放电状态等信息。

IC芯片的检测方法大全

IC芯片的检测方法大全一、电性能测试：1. 直流参数测试：包括引脚电压、电流测试，通常使用ICT（In-Circuit Test）系统进行。

2. 交流参数测试：包括交流响应、输入输出频率响应等，通常使用LCT（Load Current Test）系统进行。

3.频率特性测试：包括正弦波响应、频率扫描等，通常使用频谱分析仪进行。

4.时序测试：包括时钟周期、数据传输速度、延迟测试等，通常使用时序分析仪进行。

5.功耗测试：通过检测芯片运行时的功耗情况，通常使用功率分析仪进行。

二、封装外观检查：1.尺寸检查：通过测量外部封装的尺寸参数，比如芯片的长、宽、高等。

2.引脚检查：通过观察封装外部引脚的数量、排列和构造是否符合标准规范。

3.焊盘检查：通过检查芯片与外部引脚之间的焊盘连接情况，是否焊接牢固。

4.封装类型检查：通过观察封装的类型，是否符合芯片技术要求。

三、功能测试：1.电源电压检测：通过测量芯片供电电压情况，是否正常工作。

2.信号输入输出测试：连通芯片输入与输出引脚，对信号进行测试，检查响应是否符合预期。

3.存储器测试：通过读写芯片内部存储器，检查存储读写的正确性和稳定性。

4.电路控制测试：检测芯片内部多个模块之间的控制是否正常，比如时钟控制、使能信号控制等。

5.温度测试：通过加热或冷却芯片，测试芯片在不同温度下的工作性能。

四、其它测试方法：1.X光检测：通过使用X光设备对芯片进行表面和内部结构的观察，检查是否存在焊接缺陷、结构问题等。

2.声发射检测：通过检测芯片在工作过程中发出的声音，判断是否存在故障或应力问题。

3.真空封装检测：对芯片进行真空环境下的测试，以检查芯片是否能在特殊环境下正常工作。

总结起来，IC芯片的检测方法涵盖了电性能测试、封装外观检查和功能测试等多个方面。

这些测试方法的目的是确保芯片的质量和性能达到预期要求，提高产品的可靠性和可用性。

对于芯片生产和应用来说，科学合理的检测方法是至关重要的。

ltc2991用法

ltc2991用法
LTC2991是一种用于监控系统温度、电压和电流的芯片，通过I2C串行接口进行通信。

它具有8个监视器，可以单独测量电源电压，并能配对进行电流检测电阻器或温度感测晶体管的差分测量。

此外，LTC2991还可以测量内部温度和内部VCC。

LTC2991的应用非常灵活，可选择地址和可配置功能使其可以应用于各种需要测量温度、电压或电流数据的系统。

例如，对于要求低于毫伏电压的分辨率、1% 电流测量和1℃温度精度或此三者之任意组合的系统，LTC2991都是非常适合的选择。

如果需要更详细的信息，建议查阅LTC2991的官方文档或参考相关教程。

LTC2943 - 具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片教程文件

L T C2943-具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片LTC2943 - 具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片特点•可测量累积的电池充电和放电电量• 3.6V 至 20V 工作范围可适合多种电池应用•14 位 ADC 负责测量电池电压、电流和温度•1% 电压、电流和充电准确度•±50mV 检测电压范围•高压侧检测•适合任何电池化学组成和容量的通用测量•I2C / SMBus 接口•可配置警报输出 / 充电完成输入•静态电流小于120μA•小外形 8 引脚 3mm x 3mm DFN 封装典型应用描述LTC®2943 可测量便携式产品应用中的电池充电状态、电池电压、电池电流及其自身温度。

其具有宽输入电压范围，因而可与高达 20V 的多节电池配合使用。

一个精准的库仑计量器负责对流经位于电池正端子和负载或充电器之间的一个检测电阻器电流进行积分运算。

电池电压、电流和温度利用一个内部 14位无延迟增量累加(No Latency ΔΣTM) ADC 来测量。

测量结果被存储于可通过内置 I2C / SMBus 接口进行存取的内部寄存器中。

LTC2943 具有针对所有 4 种测量物理量的可编程高门限和低门限。

如果超过了某个编程门限，则该器件将采用 SMBus 警报协议或通过在内部状态寄存器中设定一个标记来传送警报信号。

LTC2943 仅需采用单个低阻值检测电阻器以设定测量电流范围。

应用•电动工具•电动自行车•便携式医疗设备•视频摄像机程序：#include <Arduino.h>#include <stdint.h>#include "Linduino.h"#include "LT_I2C.h"#include "UserInterface.h"#include "QuikEval_EEPROM.h"#include "LTC2943.h"#include <Wire.h>// Function Declarationvoid print_title(); // Print the title blockvoid print_prompt(); // Print the Promptvoid store_alert_settings(); // Store the alert settings to the EEPROMint8_t restore_alert_settings(); // Read the alert settings from EEPROM#define AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 1000 //!< The delay between readings in automatic mode#define SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY 10000 //!< The delay between readings in scan modeconst float resistor = .100; //!< resistor value on demo board// Error stringconst char ack_error[] = "Error: No Acknowledge. Check I2C Address."; //!< Error message// Global variablesstatic int8_t demo_board_connected; //!< Set to 1 if the board is connected static uint8_t alert_code = 0; //!< Value stored or read from ALERT register. Shared between loop() and restore_alert_settings()//! Initialize Linduinovoid setup(){char demo_name[] = "DC1812"; //! Demo Board Name stored in QuikEval EEPROMquikeval_I2C_init(); //! Configure the EEPROM I2C port for 100kHzquikeval_I2C_connect(); //! Connects to main I2C portSerial.begin(115200); //! Initialize the serial port to the PCprint_title();demo_board_connected = discover_demo_board(demo_name);if (demo_board_connected){print_prompt();}else{demo_board_connected = true;Serial.println("Did not read ID String, attempting to proceed anyway...\nPlease ensure I2C lines of Linduino are connected to the LTC device"); }}//! Repeats Linduino loopvoid loop(){int8_t ack = 0; //! I2C acknowledge indicatorstatic uint8_t user_command; //! The user input commandstatic uint8_t mAh_or_Coulombs = 0;static uint8_t celcius_or_kelvin = 0;static uint16_t prescalar_mode = LTC2943_PRESCALAR_M_4096;static uint16_t prescalarValue = 4096;static uint16_t alcc_mode = LTC2943_ALERT_MODE;if (demo_board_connected) //! Do nothing if the demo board is not connected{if (Serial.available()) //! Do nothing if serial is not available{user_command = read_int(); //! Read user input commandif (user_command != 'm')Serial.println(user_command);Serial.println();ack = 0;switch (user_command) //! Prints the appropriate submenu{case 1:ack |= menu_1_automatic_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Automatic Modebreak;case 2:ack |= menu_2_scan_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Scan Modebreak;case 3:ack |= menu_3_manual_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Manual Modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_4_sleep_mode(mAh_or_Coulombs, prescalar_mode, prescalarValue, alcc_mode); //! Sleep Modebreak;case 5:ack |= menu_5_shutdown_mode(); //! Shutdown Modebreak;case 6:ack |= menu_6_settings(&mAh_or_Coulombs, &celcius_or_kelvin,&prescalar_mode, &prescalarValue, &alcc_mode); //! Settings Modebreak;}if (ack != 0) //! If ack is not recieved print an error.Serial.println(ack_error);Serial.print(F("*************************"));print_prompt();}}}// Function Definitions//! Print the title blockvoid print_title(){Serial.println(F("\n*****************************************************************"));Serial.print(F("* DC1812A Demonstration Program *\n"));Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("* This program communicates with the LTC2943 Multicell Coulomb*\n"));Serial.print(F("* Counter found on the DC1812A demo board. *\n"));Serial.print(F("* Set the baud rate to 115200 and select the newline terminator.*\n"));Serial.print(F("* *\n"));Serial.print(F("*****************************************************************\n"));}//! Print the Promptvoid print_prompt(){Serial.print(F("\n1-Automatic Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Scan Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Manual Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Sleep Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("5-Shutdown Mode\n"));Serial.print(F("6-Settings\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));}//! Automatic Mode.int8_t menu_1_automatic_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs, int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_AUTOMATIC_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control register of the LTC2943 to automatic mode as well as set prescalarand AL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code, hightemp_code, lowtemp_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Current Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Register for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor); //! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code); //! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to kelvinSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to celciusSerial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //! Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the Serial Prompt.Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY); //!Delay for 1s before next polling}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack)); //! if Serial is not available and an NACK has not been recieved, keep polling the registers.read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Scan Modeint8_t menu_2_scan_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs , int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SCAN_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to scan mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSB Voltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSBCurrent Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V\n"));if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); //! Checkstatus code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in theSerial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.flush();delay(SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Manual Modeint8_t menu_3_manual_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_talcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_MANUAL_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to manual mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerint staleData = 0; //! Stale DataCheck variable. When set to 1 it indicates that stale data is being read from thevoltage, current and temperature registers.do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code, temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_MSB_REG, &voltage_code); //! Read MSB and LSBVoltage Registers for 16 bit voltage codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_MSB_REG, &current_code); //! Read MSB and LSBCurrent Registers for 16 bit current codeack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_MSB_REG, &temperature_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Temperature Registers for 16 bit temperature codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge, current, voltage, temperature;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);//! Convert current code to Amperesvoltage = LTC2943_code_to_voltage(voltage_code);//! Convert voltage code to VoltsSerial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(current, 4);Serial.print(F(" A"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(voltage, 4);Serial.print(F(" V"));if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));//! If Stale data is inside the register after initial snapshot, Print Stale Data message.else Serial.println("");if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature = LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Kelvin if Kelvin units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" K"));}else{temperature = LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); //! Convert temperature code to Celcius if Celcius units are desired.Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(temperature, 4);Serial.print(F(" C"));}if(staleData) Serial.print(F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));else Serial.println("");checkAlerts(status_code); //!Check status code for Alerts. If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message inthe Serial PromptSerial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));staleData = 1;Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Sleep Modeint8_t menu_4_sleep_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs ,uint16_t prescalar_mode,uint16_t prescalarValue, uint16_t alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SLEEP_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; //! Set the control mode of the LTC2943 to sleep mode as well as set prescalar andAL#/CC# pin values.Serial.println();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); //! Writes the set mode to the LTC2943 control registerdo{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));delay(100);uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); //! Read MSB andLSB Accumulated Charge Registers for 16 bit charge codeack |= LTC2943_read(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_STATUS_REG,&status_code); //! Read Status Registers for 8 bit status codefloat charge;if(mAh_or_Coulombs){charge = LTC2943_code_to_coulombs(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to Coulombs if Coulomb units are desired.Serial.print("Coulombs: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); //! Convert charge code to mAh if mAh units are desired.Serial.print("mAh: ");Serial.print(charge, 4);Serial.print(F(" mAh\n"));}Serial.print(F("Current "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Voltage "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("Temperature "));Serial.print(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));checkAlerts(status_code);Serial.flush();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while (Serial.available() == false || (ack));read_int(); // clears the Serial.availablereturn(ack);}//! Shutdown Modeint8_t menu_5_shutdown_mode()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG, LTC2943_SHUTDOWN_MODE); //! Sets the LTC2943 into shutdown modeSerial.print("LTC2943 Has Been ShutDown\n");return(ack);}//! Settings Menuint8_t menu_6_settings(uint8_t *mAh_or_Coulombs, uint8_t *celcius_or_kelvin, uint16_t *prescalar_mode, uint16_t *prescalarValue, uint16_t *alcc_mode)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Alert Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Prescalar Value\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set AL#/CC# Pin State\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Units\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds();//! Settings Menu to set Alert Thresholdsbreak;case 2:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(prescalar_mode, prescalarValue); //! Settings Menu to set Prescalar Valuesbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_allcc_state(alcc_mode);//! Settings Menu to set AL#/CC# modebreak;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_units(mAh_or_Coulombs, celcius_or_kelvin); //! Settings Menu to set Temperature and Charge Unitsbreak;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Alert Threshold Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Charge Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Voltage Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set Current Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Temperature Thresholds\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Charge Thresholds. The ACR charge lsb size changes with respect to the prescalar and sense resistor value. Due to this variability, for the purpose of this demo enter values in hexadecimal.break;case 2:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Voltage Thresholds. Enter Values in Voltsbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Current Thresholds. Enter Values in Amperes.break;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds(); //! Set Max and Min Temperature Thresholds. Enter Values in Celcius.break;default:if (user_command != 'm')Serial.println("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}//! Set Charge Threshold Functionint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter RAW Max Charge Threshold:"));uint16_t max_charge_threshold;max_charge_threshold = read_int(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(max_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_charge_threshold); //! write user entered value to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter RAW Min Charge Threshold:"));float min_charge_threshold;min_charge_threshold = read_int(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_charge_threshold);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CHARGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_charge_threshold); //! write user entered value to HIGH threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Voltage Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Voltage Threshold:"));float max_voltage_threshold;max_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t max_voltage_threshold_code =max_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE); //! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_voltage_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Voltage Threshold:"));float min_voltage_threshold;min_voltage_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.println(min_voltage_threshold, 3);Serial.println("V");uint16_t min_voltage_threshold_code =min_voltage_threshold*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_VOLTAGE); //! Convert user entered voltage into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_voltage_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Current Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Current Threshold:"));float max_current_threshold;max_current_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t max_current_threshold_code =resistor*max_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_current_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Current Threshold:"));float min_current_threshold;min_current_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_current_threshold, 3);Serial.println("A");uint16_t min_current_threshold_code =resistor*min_current_threshold*(0x7FFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_CURRENT) +0x7FFF; //! Convert user entered current into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_current_threshold_code);//! Write adc code to LOW threshold registerreturn(ack);}//! Set Temperature Thresholdsint8_t menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds()//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;Serial.print(F("Enter Max Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float max_temperature_threshold;max_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(max_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t max_temperature_threshold_code = (max_temperature_threshold +273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert userentered temperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_HIGH_REG,max_temperature_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to HIGH threshold registerSerial.print(F("Enter Min Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float min_temperature_threshold;min_temperature_threshold = read_float(); //! Read user entered valueSerial.print(min_temperature_threshold, 2);Serial.println("C");uint16_t min_temperature_threshold_code = (min_temperature_threshold + 273.15)*(0xFFFF)/(LTC2943_FULLSCALE_TEMPERATURE); //! Convert user entered temperature into adc code.ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_LOW_REG,min_temperature_threshold_code); //! Write adc code to LOW threshold register return(ack);}//! Prescalar Menuint8_t menu_6_settings_menu_2_set_prescalar_values(uint16_t *prescalar_mode, uint16_t *prescalarValue)//! @return Returns the state of the acknowledge bit after the I2C address write.0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{Serial.print(F("*************************\n\n"));Serial.print(F("1-Set Prescalar M = 1\n"));Serial.print(F("2-Set Prescalar M = 4\n"));Serial.print(F("3-Set Prescalar M = 16\n"));Serial.print(F("4-Set Prescalar M = 64\n"));Serial.print(F("5-Set Prescalar M = 256\n"));Serial.print(F("6-Set Prescalar M = 1024\n"));Serial.print(F("7-Set Prescalar M = 4096\n"));Serial.print(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));Serial.print(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')Serial.println("m");elseSerial.println(user_command);Serial.println();。

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LTC2943 - 具温度、电压和电流测量功能的多节电池电量测量芯片特点•可测量累积的电池充电和放电电量•至 20V 工作范围可适合多种电池应用•14 位 ADC 负责测量电池电压、电流和温度•1% 电压、电流和充电准确度•±50mV 检测电压范围•高压侧检测•适合任何电池化学组成和容量的通用测量•I2C / SMBus 接口•可配置警报输出 / 充电完成输入•静态电流小于120μA•小外形 8 引脚 3mm x 3mm DFN 封装典型应用描述LTC2943可测量便携式产品应用中的电池充电状态、电池电压、电池电流及其自身温度。

其具有宽输入电压范围，因而可与高达20V的多节电池配合使用。

一个精准的库仑计量器负责对流经位于电池正端子和负载或充电器之间的一个检测电阻器电流进行积分运算。

电池电压、电流和温度利用一个内部14位无延迟增量累加(No Latency ΔΣTM) ADC来测量。

测量结果被存储于可通过内置I2C / SMBus接口进行存取的内部寄存器中。

LTC2943具有针对所有4种测量物理量的可编程高门限和低门限。

如果超过了某个编程门限，则该器件将采用SMBus警报协议或通过在内部状态寄存器中设定一个标记来传送警报信号。

LTC2943仅需采用单个低阻值检测电阻器以设定测量电流范围。

应用•电动工具•电动自行车•便携式医疗设备•视频摄像机程序：#include <>#include <>#include ""#include ""#include ""#include ""#include ""#include <>00; Check I2C Address."; Shared between loop() and restore_alert_settings().\nPlease ensure I2C lines of Linduino are connected to the LTC device");}}(ack_error);(F("*************************"));print_prompt();}}}*\n"));(F("* Set the baud rate to 115200 and select the newline terminator.*\n"));(F("* *\n"));(F("*****************************************************************\n"));}int8_t menu_1_automatic_mode(int8_t mAh_or_Coulombs, int8_tcelcius_or_kelvin ,uint16_t prescalar_mode, uint16_t prescalarValue,uint16_t alcc_mode)0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge.{int8_t LTC2943_mode; int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_AUTOMATIC_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ; ();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); ("Coulombs: ");(charge, 4);(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor,prescalarValue); ("mAh: ");(charge, 4);(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor);If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the SerialPrompt.(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY); read_int(); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SCAN_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ;();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); ("Coulombs: ");(charge, 4);(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor,prescalarValue); ("mAh: ");(charge, 4);(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor); (F("Temperature "));(temperature, 4);(F(" K\n"));}else{temperature =LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); (F("Temperature "));(temperature, 4);(F(" C\n"));}checkAlerts(status_code); If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the SerialPrompt(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));();delay(SCAN_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while () == false || (ack));read_int(); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_MANUAL_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ;();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); When set to 1 it indicates thatstale data is being read from the voltage, current and temperatureregisters.do{(F("*************************\n\n"));uint8_t status_code;uint16_t charge_code, current_code, voltage_code,temperature_code;ack |= LTC2943_read_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_ACCUM_CHARGE_MSB_REG, &charge_code); ("Coulombs:");(charge, 4);(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor,prescalarValue); ("mAh: ");(charge, 4);(F(" mAh\n"));}current = LTC2943_code_to_current(current_code, resistor); else ("");(F("Voltage "));(voltage, 4);(F(" V"));if(staleData) (F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));else ("");if(celcius_or_kelvin){temperature =LTC2943_code_to_kelvin_temperature(temperature_code); (F("Temperature "));(temperature, 4);(F(" K"));}else{temperature =LTC2943_code_to_celcius_temperature(temperature_code); (F("Temperature "));(temperature, 4);(F(" C"));}if(staleData) (F(" ***** Stale Data ******\n"));else ("");checkAlerts(status_code); If an Alert has been set, print out appropriate message in the SerialPrompt(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));staleData = 1;();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while () == false || (ack));read_int(); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t LTC2943_mode;int8_t ack = 0;LTC2943_mode = LTC2943_SLEEP_MODE|prescalar_mode|alcc_mode ;();ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG,LTC2943_mode); ("Coulombs: ");(charge, 4);(F(" C\n"));}else{charge = LTC2943_code_to_mAh(charge_code, resistor, prescalarValue); ("mAh: ");(charge, 4);(F(" mAh\n"));}(F("Current "));(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));(F("Voltage "));(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));(F("Temperature "));(F(" ADC Sleep...\n"));(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));checkAlerts(status_code);();delay(AUTOMATIC_MODE_DISPLAY_DELAY);}while () == false || (ack));read_int(); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;ack |= LTC2943_write(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS, LTC2943_CONTROL_REG, LTC2943_SHUTDOWN_MODE); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledgeint8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{(F("*************************\n\n"));(F("1-Set Alert Thresholds\n"));(F("2-Set Prescalar Value\n"));(F("3-Set AL#/CC# Pin State\n"));(F("4-Set Units\n"));(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')("m");else(user_command);();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_settings_menu_1_set_alert_thresholds(); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do(F("*************************\n\n"));(F("1-Set Charge Thresholds\n"));(F("2-Set Voltage Thresholds\n"));(F("3-Set Current Thresholds\n"));(F("4-Set Temperature Thresholds\n"));(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')("m");else(user_command);();switch (user_command){case 1:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_1_set_charge_thresholds(); The ACR charge lsb size changes with respect to the prescalar andsense resistor value. Due to this variability, for the purpose of thisdemo enter values in hexadecimal.break;case 2:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_2_set_voltage_thresholds(); Enter Values in Voltsbreak;case 3:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_3_set_current_thresholds(); Enter Values in Amperes.break;case 4:ack |= menu_6_alert_menu_4_set_temperature_thresholds(); Enter Values in Celcius.break;default:if (user_command != 'm')("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;(F("Enter RAW Max Charge Threshold:"));uint16_t max_charge_threshold;max_charge_threshold = read_int(); 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;(F("Enter Max Voltage Threshold:"));float max_voltage_threshold;max_voltage_threshold = read_float();ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_voltage_threshold_code);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_VOLTAGE_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_voltage_threshold_code);0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;(F("Enter Max Current Threshold:"));float max_current_threshold;max_current_threshold = read_float();ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_HIGH_MSB_REG, max_current_threshold_code);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_CURRENT_THRESH_LOW_MSB_REG, min_current_threshold_code);0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;(F("Enter Max Temperature Threshold in Celcius:"));float max_temperature_threshold;max_temperature_threshold = read_float(); ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_HIGH_REG, max_temperature_threshold_code);ack |= LTC2943_write_16_bits(LTC2943_I2C_ADDRESS,LTC2943_TEMPERATURE_THRESH_LOW_REG, min_temperature_threshold_code);0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{(F("*************************\n\n"));(F("1-Set Prescalar M = 1\n"));(F("2-Set Prescalar M = 4\n"));(F("3-Set Prescalar M = 16\n"));(F("4-Set Prescalar M = 64\n"));(F("5-Set Prescalar M = 256\n"));(F("6-Set Prescalar M = 1024\n"));(F("7-Set Prescalar M = 4096\n"));(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')("m");else(user_command);();switch (user_command){case 1:*prescalar_mode = LTC2943_PRESCALAR_M_1; 0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{(F("*************************\n\n"));(F("1-Enable Alert Mode\n"));(F("2-Enable Charge Complete Mode\n"));(F("3-Disable AL#/CC# Pin\n"));(F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')("m");else(user_command);();switch (user_command){case 1:*alcc_mode = LTC2943_ALERT_MODE; (F("\nAL#/CC# Pin Disabled\n"));break;default:if (user_command != 'm')("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}0=acknowledge, 1=no acknowledge{int8_t ack = 0;int8_t user_command;do{(F("*************************\n\n"));(F("1-Set Charge Units to mAh\n"));(F("2-Set Charge Units to Coulombs\n"));(F("3-Set Temperature Units to Celcius\n")); (F("4-Set Temperature Units to Kelvin\n")); (F("m-Main Menu\n\n"));(F("Enter a command: "));user_command = read_int();if (user_command == 'm')("m");else(user_command);();switch (user_command){case 1:*mAh_or_Coulombs = 0;(F("\nCharge Units Set to mAh\n"));break;case 2:*mAh_or_Coulombs = 1;(F("\nCharge Units Set to Coulombs\n"));break;case 3:*celcius_or_kelvin = 0;(F("\nTemperature Units Set to Celcius\n"));break;case 4:*celcius_or_kelvin = 1;(F("\nTemperature Units Set to Kelvin\n"));break;default:if (user_command != 'm')("Incorrect Option");break;}}while (!((user_command == 'm') || (ack)));return(ack);}bool isBitSet(uint8_t value, uint8_t position)1 = Set, 0 = Not Set{return((1<<position)&value);}If an alert has been set, it prints out the appropriate message.void checkAlerts(uint8_t status_code)//! @return{if(isBitSet(status_code,6)){(F("\n***********************\n"));(F("Alert: "));(F("Current Alert\n"));(F("***********************\n"));}if(isBitSet(status_code,5)){(F("\n***********************\n"));(F("Alert: "));(F("Charge Over/Under Flow Alert\n")); (F("***********************\n"));}if(isBitSet(status_code,4)){(F("\n***********************\n"));(F("Alert: "));(F("Temperature Alert\n"));(F("***********************\n"));}if(isBitSet(status_code,3)){(F("\n***********************\n")); (F("Alert: "));(F("Charge High Alert\n"));(F("***********************\n")); }if(isBitSet(status_code,2)){(F("\n***********************\n")); (F("Alert: "));(F("Charge Low Alert\n"));(F("***********************\n")); }if(isBitSet(status_code,1)){(F("\n***********************\n")); (F("Alert: "));(F("Voltage Alert\n"));(F("***********************\n")); }if(isBitSet(status_code,0)){(F("\n***********************\n")); (F("Alert: "));(F("UVLO Alert\n"));(F("***********************\n")); }}。