that引导的宾语从句

that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。

根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

（1）that引导的宾语从句
（2）whether / if引导的宾语从句
（3）疑问词引导的宾语从句
一、由that引导的宾语从句：that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想呆在家里。

She doesn’t know (th at) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很严重。

I am sure (that) he will succeed.我确信他会成功。

小试牛刀：1、She said. You looked great！
2、She said. I went to Beijing and visited the Great Wall.
注意：
（一）并非所有的动词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句，只有当谓语动词表示肯定概念时，如believe, expect，explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer,promise, report, say, see, tell, think,understand, warn, wish等其后面的句子一般由that引导。

此时，that没有任何实际意义，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语，多数情况下可以省略。

（二）不能省略that的2种情况：
1、当that作介词except, in 宾语时
例如：They believe in that she must still be single.
I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.
（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语——that从句则放在句尾）
例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.
课堂练习：
( )1、Don’t lose your heart. I believe in you can finish the work by yourself.
A. \
B. that
C. which
D. if
( )2、I think we can be good friends.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. if
( )3、She said he would go to the hospital.
A. \
B. what
C. which
D. if
( )4、－Have you ever seen the movie 2012?
－Yes, but I don’t believe ____ the year 2012 will see the end of the world. 【2012 菏泽】
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. if
二、特殊的宾语从句———间接引语
用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。

间接引语一般构成宾语从句。

直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。

直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

例如：He said, ”We help each other. ” = He said that they help each other.
She said, ” I have bought a dictionary. ”= She said that she had bought a dictionary.
She said, ” He will go to the hospital. ” = She said that he would go to the hospital.
小试牛刀：
（1）Sally said, “It’s very quiet!”→Sally said _______________________________. （2）Sally said, “No one is shouting.”→ Sally said _______________________________. （3）Lingling said, “The air is very clear today.”→Lingling said _______________________________.
三、宾语从句的否定转移
在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine 等表示“观点、信念、推测”等心理活动的动词时，否定谓语从句的not往往转移到主句，成为“形式否定主句，意义否定从句”，这种语法现象就叫做否定（前）转移。

例如：我认为鸡不会游泳。

误：I think chickens can not swim．
正：I don't think chickens can swim.
小试牛刀：把下列句子改成否定句
1、I think he will come this afternoon. ____________________________________________
2、I believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. ____________________________________________
3、I believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. ____________________________________________
Exercises:
一、把下列直接引语改成间接引语。

1. Joe said, “ I can’t finish my homework.”
_____________________________________________
2. Lingling said, “ I’m very proud of Sally.”
____________________________________________
3. Betty said, “ She’s an excellent musician.”
___________________________________________
4. Chen Huan said, “ It’s a great film.”
___________________________________________
5. Tom said, “ I want to listen to the radio.”
____________________________________________
二、翻译。

1.那个女孩说过她跟她的父母在一起。

____________________________________________
2.很多外国人知道中国很精彩。

____________________________________________
3.老板解释他的访问是跟生意有关的。

____________________________________________
4.我们相信她怀念她的好朋友。

____________________________________________
5.我认为他们一定会按时到达。

____________________________________________
答案：
1. Joe said that he could’t finish his homework.
2. Lingling said that she was very proud of Sally.
3. Betty said that she was an excellent musician.
4. Chen Huan said that it was a great film.
5. Tom said he wanted to listen to the radio.
1、That girl said that she was with her parents.
2、Many foreigners know that China is fantastic.
3、The boss explained his visit was about doing business.
4、We believed that she missed her close friends.
5、I think that they will arrive on time.。