关系分句的限制性与非限制性问题
《英语语法》第十二章关系分句

第十二章关系分句限制性与非限制性关系分句分两种:限制性关系从句与非限制性关系从句。
这两种关系分句的划分非常重要,因为它们不仅形式不同,作用也不同。
①Jilian Brown.who lives next door is travelling in Scotland.吉连·布朗,住在隔壁,现在正在苏格兰旅行。
②The girl who lives next door is now travelling in Scotland.住在隔壁的那个女孩子现在正在苏格兰旅行。
③Ann e returned my book to the library by mistake, whichJ bought ata bookstore at Cambridge.安妮误把我的书错还给图书馆了,那本书是我在剑桥一个书店买的。
④This is the book(which/that) I bought at a bookstore at Cambridge.这是我在剑桥一个书店买的书。
首先,在①和③中的非限制性关系分句在书写时用逗号隔开,在口语中有轻微的停顿和前后语调的变化。
在句②和④中的限制性关系分句没有这些特征。
其他形式上的区别还包括代词的选择。
如果一个分句是象④句中那样由that来引导(或者是萋羞运贫词歹,那么这个分句一定是限制性关系分句。
但如果是象③句中那样由which引导(或其他wh-词),那么它可能是限制性也可能是非限制性关系分句。
鬯乡趸拳思王韭堡型关系分句中。
其次,两种关系分句作用不同。
限制性关系分句是名词词组不可分割的一部分,为确定先行项的所指对象提供必不可少的信息。
在句②中女孩的身份决定于她的住址。
句④也一样,其中关系分句为书的所指对象提供必不可少的信息。
另一方面,非限定性关系分句只提供那些对确定我们所谈论的人或物的所指对象来说不需要的附加信息,所以,如果省略了非限定性关系分句,并不影响先行项的所指意义。
关系分句的限制性与非限制性问题

作者: 霍金根
出版物刊名: 外国语
页码: 49-52页
主题词: 关系分句;逗号;定语从句;英语教学;英语课堂;限制性;主句动作;所指意义;语义;名词词组
摘要: <正> 在长期的英语教学中,笔者发现不少师生对'限制性关系分句'与'非限制性关系分句'的理解和阐述比较绝对化和简单化.有的老师教学生'只要有逗号就是非限制性关系分句,没有逗号就一定是限制性关系分句.'一些语法书在讲述这一问题时也失之武断,比如说'……这种定语从句(指限制性关系分句)和主句关系密切,不可用逗号与主句隔开.'又说'……这种定语从句(指非限制性关系分句)与主句的关系比较松散,一定要用逗号.'这就是说,区别限制性与非限制性关系分句的标准就是看它是否带有逗号.长期以来,这个观点统治着我们的英语课堂,其实,这是一种比较简单化的说法.。
限定性语句与非限定性语句的不同

限定性语句与非限定性语句的不同一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。
如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗?例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.这就是他过去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.张先生昨天来看我,他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.我们沿着村里的大街向前走去,村民们正在那里赶集。
析:在前三个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
在后两个例句中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。
关系分句

关系分句——定语从句简介:关系分句即定语从句,就是由关系词引导的分句结构。
这种分句的主要功能就是作名词修饰语(即定语)。
依据定语从句与先行项的语义关系:1、限制性定语从句2、非限制性定语从句热身体验:1、限制性定语从句:缺少定语,作为先行项的名词便不能明确表示其所指对象。
例如: He is the boy who damaged the vase、2、非限制性定语从句:省略定语,先行项所指意义不受影响。
例如:My cousin, who is an engineer, went to Europe last week、限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿,在书写中通常不用逗号。
例如The man who did the robbery has been caught、The chair (which) i sat was a broken one、Can you show me the house where Shakespeare once lived?The reason why i was alone in the mountains is that i had a difficulty with my guide、2、限制性定语从句通常出现在下列搭配中:2、1、当名词中心词带有表示类别的不定冠词时,其后的定语从句通常为限制性定语从句。
She was a woman who must be treated decently、He spoke to me in a tone which i don’t at all like、2、2、当名词中心词带有前照应定冠词时,其后的定语从句也必定就是限制性的。
例如: He is the man who told me the newsThis is the car i bought last year、2、3、当名词中心词带有all, any, some, every, no 等不定限定词时,其后的定语从句也通常就是限定性的。
关系分句

关系分句(Relative Clause)关系分句也叫定语从句(attributive clause)限制性关系分句于非限制性分句:限制性分句与先行词是不可分割的。
缺了它,句子的表述就不完整。
Stone is one of the teachers (who) I like most.非限制性关系分句与先行词的关系比较松散,没了,句子也完整。
Stone’s speech, which bored everyone, went on and on, he ignoring our protest.一般来说,当先行词带有表示类别的不定冠词,定冠词或all, any, some, every, no等限定词的时候,其后的关系分句是限定性的。
She was a woman who must be treated decently.He is the man who told me the news.Anyone who knows the answer please raise your hands.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词或指示代词所修饰时,后面的关系分句是非限定的(P420)。
My cousin, who is an engineer, went to Europe last week.Stone, who is my grammar teacher, is a very perverted/obscene man.但是也有定冠词the修饰先行词,后面用限制性关系分句的。
The Chairman, who spoke first, sat on my right.另外一点,非限制性关系分句还可以修饰整个句子,把前面的主句作为先行词。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.除了which外,as也能引导非限制关系分句,区别(P421 讨论)关系词的选择:1. 用that不用which的情况1) 先行词既指人又指物,后面用that不用who。
定语从句(2)限制性和非限制性定语从句+课件-2025届高三英语一轮复习

限制性和非限制性定语从句区别
(3)翻译不同
含有限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句,后译先行词,即把从句放在先行词前,译为“……的+先行 词”。含有非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句,后译从句,译成两个分句。
He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。 He is a warm-hearted man , who lives next to me.他是个热心肠的人,住在我的隔壁。
用正确的关系词填空:
小试牛刀
1.It is a truly delightful place,________looks the same as how it looked 100 years ago
with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
2.This woman has set a good example to her son, ________is a really lucky guy.
定语从句2
限制性和非限制性定语从句
第1章 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
定语从句分类
1 限制性定 语从句
2 非限制性 定语从句
限制性定语从句
比较这两个句子: She despised people.(她看不起人) She despised people who flattered her.(她看不起吹捧她的人)
通过以上句子,你能总结出这两 类定语从句的用法区别吗?
限制性和非限制性定语从句区别
(1)形式不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。 This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的小说。 I read a novel last night, which is very interesting.我昨天晚上读了一本小说,它非常有趣。
限制性分句和非限制性分句

限制性分句和非限制性分句限制性分句的类型限制性关系分句主要是对先行词起修饰作用。
它可以用于修饰、限制主句中主语、宾语、介词宾语或表语。
修饰主句的主语There are many people who want to see you.The book which I borrowed from the library tells about bionics.修饰主句的宾语I have visited a plant which produces chemical fertilizer.Do you know the man whom they invited to give a report?修饰主句的介词宾语We are interested in the film which tells about the life of the peasants in the mountainous areas. We are fond of the course professor Smith gives us.修饰主句中的表语He is the best man I have cooperated with.Is that the book you bought last week?限制性关系分句主要用于以下场合:1、无连词关系分句一般都是限制性关系分句The family he lived with adored him very much.This is the knife we cut bread with.2、先行词前有定冠词(限制性关系分句中先行词前的定冠词the代表特指意义,非限制性关系分句中,先行词前也有用the的,但一般指上文提到过的人或事)或被最高级形容词修饰The man you are looking for has left for Beijing.This is the most difficult exercise I have found in this workbook.3、先行词被序数词或only等词修饰The first thing (that) we should do is to work out the plan.He is always the last person who leaves the workshop.That was the only method we could use in our experiment then.4、先行词是不定代词something, anything, someone, anyone, one等时I cannot tell you anything he told me.There is someone who wants to see you.The man I will choose should be the one who works selflessly.5、those或泛指人称代词作先行词时Those who agreed to the plan put up their hands.He who did such a thing could not deserve respect.6、先行词前有不定冠词或先行词前不用冠词,但先行词又是复数形式时A woman who can achieve so much is certainly worth respecting.People who live in this area have begun to live a comfortable life.Lucy talked about things and events which interested her during her tour to Beijing.7、关系代词as,that与such the same,as so等连用时I have never met such a person as you described just now.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.Have you bought the same book as I referred to you?Will you take with you the same book that I told you?非限制性分句的类型1、先行词是主句中的主语John Smith, who teaches English in an American university, has been invited to be a visiting professor in our university.Hangzhou, which is famous for its West Lake, will become a city for tourists.2、先行词是主句中的宾语She studies English, which is widely spoken in the world.This note was left by Mr. Hood, who was here a moment ago.3、先行词是主句中的表语This is Mr. Robert, who came to China last year.This is my mother, who works in a hospital.4、先行词是主句中的状语She is going to spend the summer holidays in Changsha, where she has some relatives.He was born in 1949, when China was liberated.5、先行词是整个主句He caught up with his class in his studies within such a short period, which pleased the teacher.非限制性关系分句主要用于以下场合1、先行词是专有名词,专有名词不需要任何限制和修饰,只需要加以说明或描述,专有名词后的关系分句一般是非限制性的。
关系分句

关系分句-—定语从句简介:关系分句即定语从句,就是由关系词引导得分句结构。
这种分句得主要功能就是作名词修饰语(即定语)。
依据定语从句与先行项得语义关系:1、限制性定语从句2、非限制性定语从句热身体验:1、限制性定语从句:缺少定语,作为先行项得名词便不能明确表示其所指对象。
例如: He is the boy who damagedthevase、2、非限制性定语从句:省略定语,先行项所指意义不受影响。
例如:Mycousin,who isan engineer,went to Europe last week、限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句在口语中前后没有停顿,在书写中通常不用逗号。
例如Theman who didthe robbery has been caught、Thechair (which)i satwas a brokenone、Can youshow me thehouse where Shakespeareonce lived?The reason why i wasalone in the mountains is that i hadadifficulty with my guide、2、限制性定语从句通常出现在下列搭配中:2、1、当名词中心词带有表示类别得不定冠词时,其后得定语从句通常为限制性定语从句。
Shewas awoman who mustbetreated decently、He spoke tome in a tone whichidon’t atalllike、2、2、当名词中心词带有前照应定冠词时,其后得定语从句也必定就是限制性得。
例如:He isthe man who told methenewsThis is thecaribought last year、2、3、当名词中心词带有all,any,some,every, no 等不定限定词时,其后得定语从句也通常就是限定性得.例如:Thefirst flame fromRainbarrowspranginto thesky,attractin galleyes thathadbeen fixed on the distant conflagration、Any man who smokes cigarettes is,thedoctorssay,risking his health、Some friendsthati made in colleges were more interestedin grades th an inlearning、He has read almostevery book on linguisticsthat he could get hold of in the library、No visitorswho e to Beijingwould fail to see theGreat Wall、非限定性定语从句1、这种定语从句在口语中有停顿,在书写中常用逗号隔开.引导词通常就是who,whom,whose与which等wh-词,但也并不绝对排除that.例如:The chairman, who spoke first,sat on my right、His speech, which bored everyone,went onand on、The chairman’sdaughter, whose name is Ann,gaveme apatientsmile、She isdevilishlikeMiss Cutter,that i usedto meetatDumdum、2、关系副词where与when也能引导非限定性定语从句。