2011全国卷1卷政治
2011年全国普通高考语文试题全国卷1
2011年全国普通高考语文试题全国卷1基础试题2011-06-08 07092011年全国普通高考语文试题全国卷1及参考答案本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至8页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
3．第Ⅰ卷共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。
一、（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．逾越（yú）鸟瞰（kàn）一丘之貉（lùo）栩栩如生（xǚ）B．溃败（kuì）凹陷（wā）贻笑大方（yí）兢兢业业（jīng）C．咀嚼（zǔ）桧柏（guì）罄竹难书（qìng）饕餮大餐（tiè）D．觊觎（jì）攻讦（jié）光阴荏苒（rǎn）心怀叵测（pǒ）2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是A．我读过弗莱的著作，很喜欢他那高屋建瓴的气势和包罗万象的体系，更欣赏他努力摆脱主观印象式品评的文学批评方法。
B．奚羽先生指导弟子写论文时强调，学术论文要有的放矢，论证严密，语言准确而简洁，不能模棱两可，也不能繁文缛节。
C．这是一家国家级出版社，近几年来，出版了很多深受读者尤其是在校大学生喜爱的精品图书，不少作家都对它趋之若鹜。
D．虽然已经是晚上了，但候车大厅里依然人来人往，热闹非凡，大喇叭的广播声、商贩的叫卖声、孩子的哭泣声不绝如缕。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．不同的生活习俗、自然条件以及地理环境，使各地的民居在平面布局、结构方法、造型等方面呈现出淳朴自然，而又有着各自的特色。
2011全国文综卷Ⅰ(政治)
2011全国文综卷Ⅰ(政治)2011全国文综卷Ⅰ(河北、广西、云南、甘肃、内蒙古、贵州、西藏、青海)整理：河北安国中学封良占本卷政治部分100分，经常34分，哲常38分，政常28分。
今年试题热点不热，只要踏踏实实把课本基础知识牢牢掌握，基本上可得80分左右，整体难度不大，选择题体现了最后一届老课本与新课标的有机衔接。
今年政治高考具有以下特点第一，常规性。
即社会热点不热。
第二，过渡性。
即政治常识与政治生活的衔接，哲学常识与生活与哲学的衔接。
第三，创新性。
24题的计算题是高考30多年来从未考过的；第四，草根性。
即大部分试题是关注民生的。
第五，基础性。
即考核内容95%以上属于课本知识。
24.甲利用自有资金20万元开办了一家小企业，一年后盈利2万元，全部用于个人消费。
今年甲以6%的利率借得资金10万元扩大生产。
假设该企业今年的利润率(利润/资产)与去年持平，那么甲今年自有资金的利润率为【C】(2011全国Ⅰ24)Ａ.6% Ｂ.10% Ｃ.12%Ｄ.15%〖分析〗第一步先计算出去年的利润率是：(2÷20)%=10%；第二步计算今年的资金总额：20+10=30万；第三步计算计算今年的利润额：因为今年利润率与去年持平，故也是10%。
30×10%=3万，再减去今年借得资金10万元的利率，即3-(10×6%)=2.4万；第四步计算今年的利润率：×100%=12%。
25.2000年至2010年，我国经济高速增长，对外贸易快速发展。
机电产品和高新技术产品的贸易统计数据如图6：从图6可以看出我国【D】(2011全国Ⅰ25)①进出口产品结构更加优化②进出口对GDP拉动作用逐渐增强②开放型经济水平进一步提升④全方位对外开放格局已经形成Ａ.①②Ｂ.①③Ｃ.②③Ｄ.③④〖分析〗首先要读懂图表给我们的信息，一是最主要的内容有两个：即我国的机电产品和高新技术产品进出口状况；二是只有两个年份：2000年和2010年的增长状况；三是百分数比较，而非绝对数比较。
2011年全国卷1高考语文试题含答案
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文一、现代文阅读(9分，第小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成l～3题。
《诗经》原来是诗，不是“经”，这在咱们今天是很准确的。
但在封建社会里，诗三百篇却被尊为“经“，统治阶段拿它来做封建教化的工具。
从西周初期到春秋中叶，诗三百篇是一种配乐演唱的乐歌。
这些乐歌一方面用于祭祀、宴会和各种典礼，当作仪式的一部分或娱乐宾主的节目。
另一方面则用于政治、外交及其他社会生活，当作表情达意的工具，其作用和平常的语言差不多，当然它更加曲折动人。
例如周代有一种“献诗陈志”的做法，当一些人看到国君或者同僚做了什么好事或坏事，就做一首诗献给他们，达到颂美或者讽谏的目的。
还有人由于个人遭受冤屈或不幸，也往往通过诗来发泄和申诉。
应该说明，“献诗陈志”是要通过乐工的演唱来献给君上或同僚的，所以卿士“献诗”总和“簪献曲”或者“瞍赋”、“矇诵”并提。
在人民群众的生活里，诗歌也常用于表情达意，例如《诗经·邶风·新台》和《诗经·秦风·黄鸟》等，都是针对具体的现实问题而发的。
古代史传中还有一些不在三百篇之内的“徒歌”，例如《左传·宣公二年》记载宋国将军华元被郑国人提了去，后来逃回来，人民讥笑这位败军之将，做了一个歌儿对他唱。
这样的歌，从性质上说和“献诗陈志”没有什么分别。
不过士大夫献诗，是特地做了乐工唱的；庶人的作品则先是在社会上流传，给采访诗歌的人收集去了，才配上乐曲，达到统治阶段的耳中。
在外交宴会等场合，宾主各方往往通过“赋诗”来表达愿望和态度。
“赋诗”时点出现成的诗篇，叫乐工们演唱，通过诗歌的问答，了解彼此的立场，这就叫“赋诗言志”。
这种“赋诗”往往不管原作本身的内容和意义，仅仅是把赋诗者的观点和愿望寄托在诗中某几句之上，来作比喻和暗示，所以是一种典型的断章取义。
《左传·襄公二十六年》记晋侯为了卫国一个叛臣的缘故，把卫侯羁押起来，齐侯和郑伯到晋国去说情，郑国的子晨就赋《诗经·郑风·将仲子》一诗。
2011年高考英语全国卷1：真题及答案
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AWhen milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note - “Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to ourhouse, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basil le from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.56. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _____.A. to show his magical power.B. to pay for the delivery.C. to satisfy his curiosity.D. to please his mother.57. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?A. He wanted to have tea there.B. He was a respectable person.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was fully trusted by the family.58. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.B. It has been driven out of the market.C. Its service is getting poor.D. It is forbidden by law.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.BThe word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed town criers who read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as reception of the firm's name or product words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as "advertising agencies (广告商)." The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the "right" products.60. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.61. What does the word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers.B. Including pictures in ads.C. selling goods in markets.D. Working with ad agencies.62 The 18th century advertising was special in its ________.A. growing spendingB. printing materialsC. advertising companiesD. attractive designs63 Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of AdvertisingB. The Value of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for AdvertisingCWhile small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign (发起运动) for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room, all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged."The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6'6" (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6'3" bed caters for (满足需要) less than half of the male (男性) population," said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, "Seven-foot beds would work fine."Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh 6'6" beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.64. What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?A. To provide better servicesB. To rebuild hotels and restaurantsC. To draw public attention to the needs of the tallD. To attract more people to become its members65 .Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heirtricy?A. 7'2”.B. 7'.C. 6'6”.D. 6'3”.66. What may happen to restaurants with small tables?A .They may lose some customers B. They may start businesses elsewhereC .They have to find easy chairs to match the tablesD .They have to provide enough space for the long—legged67. What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.B. 6'6” beds have taken the place of 6'3” beds.C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.D. Guest rooms are standardized.DCassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby (业余爱好). She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win-win situation all around."They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex. some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.68. What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying "a win-win situation all around", Ms. Gartin means that ________.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There's a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a Hobby文章体裁：记叙文文章大意：油价飞涨，面包牛奶蔬菜水果跟着涨，什么都涨就是工资薪水不涨！美国的一些家庭主妇可是在自己的院子里种菜，而且规模不断扩大。
历年高考全国卷Ⅰ年政治试题及答案解析
2009—2011年高考全国卷Ⅰ文综政治试题及答案解析24．某小企业2008年生产一件甲种商品的劳动耗费价值8元，产量为10万件，甲种商品的社会必要劳动时间价值6元。
如果该企业2009年的劳动生产率提高10%，其他条件不变，那么，该企业2009年甲种商品的销售收入与2008年相比A．增加8万元 B．增加6万元 C．减少14万元 D．不变【解析】本题与前两年的高考计算题相比较，从计算的角度要简单一些，但对“商品的劳动耗费价值”、“社会必要劳动时间价值”两个陌生的概念比较费解。
通过读题，从“某小企业…生产一件甲种商品”必需明白“商品的劳动耗费价值”在本题中是指个别劳动时间而非仅指企业的生产成本，其次是“社会必要劳动时间价值”应理解为社会必要劳动时间决定的该商品的价值。
因为“商品价值是由生产该商品的社会必要劳动时间决定的”，所以某小企业生产的甲种商品只能按社会必要劳动时间决定的价值6元出信，即10万×6元＝60万元，又因为该企业劳动生产率（即个别劳动生产率）提高10%，即单位时间内生产的商品数量增加10%（10万件×（1+10%）＝11万件），其它条件不变（重要的是社会必要劳动时间没变），所以，该企业的销售收入为11万件×6元＝66万元，所以，比上年度销售收入增加6万元。
所以本题选 B。
25．某餐馆适用的营业税税率为5%.小明和爸爸去该餐馆吃饭共消费200元，在结账索要发票时被告知，如果不要发票，可以获得一瓶价值4元的饮料，小明和爸爸表示接受，上述做法①使餐馆少缴纳6元税款②使餐馆多获得6元收益③不利于保护消费者的权益④不利于刺激消费需求A．①③ B．②③ C．①④ D．②④25【解析】本题十分灵活，贴近生活，最容易迷惑学生的就是选项①，也是学生错误最多的。
因为在小明和他爸的这次消费中，该餐馆应纳税额是：200×5%＝10元，不开发票，就意味着餐馆偷税10元。
如减去4元的饮料成本，应是餐馆在偷税的基础上多获得6元的收益，但餐馆偷税额仍是10元，这是不变的。
2011年高考英语全国卷1：真题及答案
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child be or she wants.A .howeverB .whatever C. whichever D. whenever21.—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.—Yes, ?I’ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. What forC. whyD. what22. Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as23. Planning so far ahead no sense-so many things will have changed by next year.A.madeB.is makingC.makesD.has made24. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just beingB.will just beC.had just beenD.would just be25.—Someone wants you on the phone.— nobody knows I am here.A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So26. I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.e up withB.put up withC. turn toD.stick to27. The next thing he saw was smoke _______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen28. Only when he reached the tea-house __________ it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realize29. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain30. The form cannot be signed by anyone _______ yourself.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than31. The prize will go to the writer ____________ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what32. They____ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should33. It is generally accepted that____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like____man.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; 不填34. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to ____.A. disappear B .fall C. fail D. damage35. —Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.—Well, you married one. ____.A. You name it.B. I’ve got it.C. I can’t agree more.D. You should know.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory __36__ course about 20 years ago.The professor __37__ the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆), and invited the students to __38__ how many beans the jar contained. After __39__ shouts of wildly wrong guesses，the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the __40__ answer, and went on saying, "You have just __41__ an important lesson about science. That is: Never __42__ your own senses."Twenty years later, the __43__ could guess what the professor had in mind. He __44__ himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting __45__ into an unknown world invisible (无形的) to the __46__, which can be discovered only through scientific __47__. But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even __48__ the invitation.She was just __49__ to understand the world. And she __50 __ that her firsthand experience could be the __51__. The professor, however, said that it was __52__. He was taking away her only __53__ for knowing and was providing her with no substitute (替代). "I remember feeling small and __54__," the women says, "and I did the only thing I could do. I __55__ the course that afternoon, and I haven't gone near science since."36．A.art B.history C.science D.math37．A.searched for B.looked at C.got through D.marched into38．A.count B.guess C.report D.watch39．A.warning B.giving C.turning away D.listening to40．A.ready B.possible C.correct D.difficult41．A.learned B.prepared C.taught D.taken42．A.lose B.trust C.sharpen D.show43．A.lecturer B.scientist C.speaker D.woman44．A.described B.respected C.saw D.served45．A.voyage B.movement C.change D.rush46．A.professor B.eye C.knowledge D.light47．A.model B.senses C.spint D.methods48．A.hear B.make C.present D.refuse49．A.suggesting B.beginning C.pretending D.waiting50．A.believed B.doubted C.proved D.explained51．A.growth B.strength C.faith D.truth52．Afirm B.interesting C.wrong D.acceptable53．A.task B.tool C.success D.connection54．A.cruel B.proud C.frightened D.brave55．A.dropped B.stared C.passed D.missed36--40 CDBDC 41-45: ABDCA 46—50 BDABA 51-55: DCBCA第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AWhen milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note - “Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to ourhouse, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.56. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _____.A. to show his magical power.B. to pay for the delivery.C. to satisfy his curiosity.D. to please his mother.57. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?A. He wanted to have tea there.B. He was a respectable person.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was fully trusted by the family.58. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.B. It has been driven out of the market.C. Its service is getting poor.D. It is forbidden by law.59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He missed the good old days.B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He planted flowers in it.56.C 57.D 58.B 59.ABThe word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed town criers who read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as reception of the firm's name or product words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as "advertising agencies (广告商)." The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the "right" products.60. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.61. What does the word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Advertising in newspapers.B. Including pictures in ads.C. selling goods in markets.D. Working with ad agencies.62 The 18th century advertising was special in its ________.A. growing spendingB. printing materialsC. advertising companiesD. attractive designs63 Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. The Story of AdvertisingB. The Value of Advertising DesignsC. The Role of Newspaper AdvertisingD. The Development of Printing for AdvertisingBADACWhile small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign (发起运动) for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room, all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged."The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6'6" (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6'3" bed caters for (满足需要) less than half of the male (男性) population," said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, "Seven-foot beds would work fine."Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses' Caledonian Hotel in Edinburgh 6'6" beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.64. What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?A. To provide better servicesB. To rebuild hotels and restaurantsC. To draw public attention to the needs of the tallD. To attract more people to become its members65 .Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heirtricy?A. 7'2”.B. 7'.C. 6'6”.D. 6'3”.66. What may happen to restaurants with small tables?A .They may lose some customers B. They may start businesses elsewhereC .They have to find easy chairs to match the tablesD .They have to provide enough space for the long—legged67. What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.B. 6'6” beds have taken the place of 6'3” beds.C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.D. Guest rooms are standardized.CBABDCassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby (业余爱好). She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win-win situation all around."They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex. some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.68. What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying "a win-win situation all around", Ms. Gartin means that ________.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There's a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a HobbyA B D BEWanted, Someone for a KissWe're looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You'll work on the station's music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary, along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply (申请) in writing to Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.Father ChristmasWe're looking for a very special person, preferably over 40, to fill our Father Christmas suit.Working days: Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays, 10:30-16:00.Excellent pay.Please contact (联系) the Enterprise Shopping Centre, Station Parade, Eastbourne.Accountants AssistantWhen you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit, you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division, dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.Wealden District CouncilSoftware TrainerIf you are aged 24-45 and have experience in teaching and training, you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions, and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15,000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV (简历) to Mrs R. Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.72. Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?A. Producer Vacancies, Kiss 100.B. Mrs Oglivie, Palmlace Limited.C. The Enterprise Shopping Centre.D. Wealden District Council.73. We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who ________.A. is aged between 24 and 40B. may do some training workC. should deal with general dutiesD. can work for about a month74. Which position is open to recent school graduates?A. Producer, London Kiss.B. Father Christmas.C. Accountants Assistant.D. Software Trainer.75. What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?A. One with GCSE grade C level.B. One with some office experience.C. One having good computer knowledge.D. One trained in producing music programmes.ADCC第二卷第二节书面表达（满分25分）（注意：在试题卷上作答无效。
2011年高考理综试题及答案(全国卷1)
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试（全国卷1）第I 卷注意事项：（1）答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚。
并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
（2）每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动。
用橡皮擦干净后，在选涂其他答案编号，在试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．。
（3）第I 卷共21小题，每题6分，共126分。
以下数据可供解题时参考：相对原子质量（原子量）：Hl Cl2 N14 016 Na23 Mg 24 A1 27S 32 C1 35.5 Cr52 Fe 56 Cu 64一、选择题：本大题共l3小题。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．下列能说明某细胞已经发生分化的是A ．进行ATP 的合成B ．进行mRNA 的合成C ．存在血红蛋白D ．存在纤维蛋白原基因2．将紫色洋葱在完全营养液中浸泡一段时间，撕取外表皮，先用浓度为0．3g ／mL 的蔗糖溶液处理，细胞发生质壁分离后，立即将外表皮放入蒸馏水中，直到细胞中的水分不再增加。
若在该实验过程中，蔗糖溶液处理前外表皮细胞液的浓度为甲，细胞中的水分不再增加时外表皮细胞液的浓度为乙，则甲、乙的关系，以及实验过程中水分进出细胞的方式为A ．甲<乙，被动运输B ．甲>乙，被动运输C ． 甲>乙，主动运输D ．甲=乙，主动运输3．将生长状态一致的同一品种玉米植株分为甲、乙两组，甲组培养在适宜的光照条件下，其叶维管束鞘细胞中有淀粉积累；乙组培养在光照较弱的条件下，其叶维管束鞘细胞中没有检测到淀粉。
乙组来检测到淀粉的原因是A ．叶片不进行光合作用，只进行呼吸作用B ．叶片光合作用强度低，没有淀粉的积累C ．维管束鞘细胞没有与淀粉合成相关的酶D ．维管柬鞘细胞不含叶绿体，不能进行光合作用4．某校园有一片草坪和一片树林，下列关于这两个群落中动物分层现象的叙述，正确A ．草坪和树林中的动物都具有分层现象B ．草坪和树林中的动物都没有分层现象C ．只有草坪和树林混杂在一起时动物才具有分层现象D ．草坪中的动物没有分层现象，而树林中的动物具有分层现象5．研究发现两种现象：①动物体内的B 细胞受到抗原刺激后，在物质甲的作用下，可增殖、分化为效应B 细胞；②给动物注射从某种细菌获得的物质乙后。
高中政治 哲学常识 第八课第一节同步练习
高中政治哲学常识第八课第一节同步练习一、单项选择题1．(2011·高考新课标全国卷)华君武的漫画《永不走路，永不摔跤》(右图)讽刺了一些人( )①不懂得只要善于总结实践经验，错误是可以避免的②不理解缺乏敢想敢闯的精神就会一事无成③不了解实践探索中出现的失误和错误总是宝贵财富④因怕犯错误而不敢实践的行为A．①②B．①④C．②④ D．③④解析：选C。
漫画中的人的错误在于缺乏敢闯敢干的精神，所以②④符合题意。
①强调的是善于总结经验的问题，与题干主旨不符。
③说法不准确，并不能说所有的失误和错误都是宝贵财富。
2．有人学了《愚公移山》的故事后，认为愚公真“愚”，为什么移山不用炸药炸，不用汽车运呢？这种观点错在否认了实践的( )A．客观物质性B．主观能动性C．社会性历史性D．直接现实性解析：选C。
解答此题，要理解实践的三个特征。
实践是社会性历史性的活动，这种活动是在一定社会关系中进行的，是历史地变化发展的。
3．根据历史唯物主义的观点，下列选项不．正确的是( )解析：选D。
社会主义社会的基本矛盾可以通过社会主义制度自身的调节和完善不断地得到解决，这是社会主义制度优越性和生命力的根本所在，而不是通过阶级斗争来解决。
孙中山先生指出，人的认识过程是“以行而求知，因知以进行”，“行其所不知以致其所知”，“因其已知而更进于行”。
据此回答4～5题。
4．“以行而求知”，“行其所不知以致其所知”包含的哲理是( )A．实践是认识的来源B．实践是认识的目的C．实践的主体、手段、对象都是客观的D．实践是检验认识正确与否的唯一标准解析：选A。
本题考查实践是认识的来源。
“以行而求知”是因实践而求得认识，故选A。
5．“因知以进行”告诉我们( )A．认识对实践具有反作用B．人的认识是不断发展的C．科学理论对实践有指导作用D．没有认识的发展，就没有人们的实践活动解析：选A。
“因知以进行”即用知识(理论)指导实践，体现了认识的反作用。
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12．2010年某企业的生产条件处于全行业平均水平，其单位产品的价值量为132元，产量为10万件。
如果2011年该企业的劳动生产率提高10%，而全行业的劳动生产率提高20%，其他条件不变，则该企业2011年生产的商品价值总量为 A ．1452万元 B ．1320万元 C ．1210万元 D ．1100万元 13．2009年中国已成为世界第一出口大国，但同时也应该看到，一些出口产品是为国外品牌加工生产的，中国企业只能赚取微薄的代工费，绝大部分利润由品牌持有者获得，说明 A ．自主品牌建设是中国企业提高出口利润的重要途径 B ．中国企业出口盈利水平高低取决于是否拥有核心技术 C ．品牌竞争已成为中国企业参与国际竞争最重要的方式 D ．强大的制造能力是中国企业出口的核心竞争力
14．月饼是中国传统的节日食品，随着生活水平的提高，人们对中秋月饼的消费日益多样。
除枣泥、豆沙等传统月饼外，消费者也开始购买海鲜、木瓜、冰激凌等新式月饼。
多样化的月饼消费
A ．取决于月饼消费观念的多样化
B ．导致了月饼消费结构
C ．促进了月饼生产的多样化
D ．促进了月饼质量的提高
15．随着科学技术的快速发展，信息技术已融入我们生活的方方面面。
如打电话、看电视等。
“十二五”规划纲要将新一代信息技术产业纳入国家七大战略性新兴产业，并实施产业创新发展工程，我国之所以重视新一代信息技术产业因为 A ．它利润高，发展快 B ．它是基础性产业
C ．它改变人们得生活方式
D ．它是提高生产效率的有效手段
16．十一届全国人大常委会第十二次会议通过的《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》规定，“因同一侵权行为造成多人死亡的，可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金”，从而改变了以往因城乡居民收入差异导致死亡赔偿金计算标准不同的状况，这一法律规定的变化
A ．坚持了公民权力至上的原则
B ．实现了公民权利与义务的统一
C ．消除了公民的身份差异
D ．体现了对公民平等权利的尊重
17．2011全国人民代表大会开会期间，全体会议公开举行，绝大多数人大代表团分组会议也对外开放，许多代表团还在讨论结束后留出时间接受中外媒体集体采访。
人大会议对外开放是
①国家权力机关对人民负责的体现 ②依法行政建设法治国家的需要
③国家自信和政治民主发展的表现 ④公民直接参与公共决策的要求
A ．①②
B ．①③
C ．②④
D ．③④
18．中国共产党人以自己的无私奉献精神，为中华民族的复兴前仆后继、流血牺牲、不屈不挠、艰苦奋斗。
中国共产党90年的历史，是一部团结带领全国各族人民进行革命、建设和改革并不断取得辉煌成就的历史。
中国共产党能够取得辉煌成就，根本原因在于
①中国共产党是中国工人阶级先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队 ②中国共产党坚持在组织上对各民主党派的领导 ③不断加强党的自身建设，努力保持和发展自己的先进性 ④不断增强科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的自觉性和坚定性
A ．①②
B ．①③
C ．②④
D ．③④
19．我国每年生成的8亿多吨秸杆的综合利用率不高，绝大部分被废弃。
某公司深入研究秸杆的材质特性，另辟蹊径，利用秸杆制造生态环保，结实耐用的板材。
产品在国内外广受欢迎，取得巨大的经济效益，该公司之所以能够捕捉到他人通常视而不见的商机，是因为
①善于突破事物表面的联系，把握其本质的联系 ②善于根据事物之间的固有联系建立新的联系 ③尊重联系的多样性，重视发挥偶然联系的作用 ④尊重客观联系，发挥创新观念改造世界的作用
A ．①②
B ．②③
C ．②③
D ．③④
20．历史学家通常认为，在审视复杂历史问题时不能轻率地下结论。
这一观点的合理性在于
①不同的认识主体对复杂历史问题的认识总是不同的 ②真理不会停止前进的步伐，而是在发展中不断超越自身 ③复杂历史问题本质的暴露和展现必然需要一个较长的过程
④人们对复杂历史问题的认识受所处社会实践水平的限制 A ．①② B ．②③ C ．②④ D ．③④
21．华君武的漫画《永不走路，永不摔跤》（图3）讽刺了一些人
①不懂得只要善于总结实践经验，错误是可以避免的 ②不理解缺乏敢想敢闯的精神就会一事无成
③不了解实践探索中出现的失误和错误总是宝贵财富 ④时因怕犯错误而不敢实践的行为 A ．①② B ．①④ C ．②④ D ．③④
22．医学临床实践表明，人的思维活动的灵活多边形与其大脑的“扣带前回”区域相关联，有人喜欢“钻牛角尖”往往与该区域的“换挡装置”出现故障有关，这进一步佐证了 ①意识活动的内容和形式是由人脑决定的 ②意识是人脑加工改造的产物，其本质是大脑机能 ③人脑是意识形成的物质基础 ④人脑是思维活动的生理基础 A ．①③ B ．②③ C ．②④ D ．③④
23．民间谚语寓意深远，代代相传。
凝聚着广大劳动人民的智慧。
“到什么山上唱什么歌”“看菜吃饭，量体裁衣”这两句谚语的哲学道理是
①矛盾的两个方面既相互对立，又相互统一 ②具体分析矛盾的特殊性是正确认识矛盾的重要前提 ③矛盾的普遍性与特殊性是具体的历史的统一 ④离开对具体矛盾的具体分析就不能正确解决矛盾
A ．①②
B ．①④
C ．②④
D ．③④
38．（26分）阅读材料，回答下列问题。
改革开放以来，我国高度重视科技创新在经济社会发展中的作用。
材料一
1993年八届全国人大常委会第二次会议通过《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》
1997年八届全国人大常委会对科技进步法的实施情况进行执法检查
2003年100名人大代表在十届全国人大一次会议上提出关于修改科技进步法的议案
2004年十届全国人大常委会将修订科技进步法列入人大立法规划项目，并向社会各界广泛征求意见
建议
2006年十届全国人大四次会议收到1 000多件议案，其中33．1%的议案涉及科技进步法修改、科技成
果转换、促进自主创新以及教育体制改革等2007年修订后的科技进步法在十届全国人大常委会第三十一次会议获得通过
2010年十一届全国人大常委会对新修订的科技进步法进行执法检查
材料二：我国某汽车企业坚持走自主创新之路，已经完全掌握了发动机、变速箱、底盘三大核心部件的生产和制造技术，创建了具有世界先进水平的两大发动机品牌，截至2009年9月，该企业累计申请专利 4003件。
获得授权专利2414件。
在国内汽车行业中遥遥领先，该企业先后通过ISO9001，ISO/TS16949等国际质量体系认证。
2009年该企业销售达50万辆，连续9年蝉联中国企业自主品牌汽车销量冠军，连续7年成为中国最大分乘用车出口企业。
10多年来，该企业已经让100多万消费者实现了拼车梦。
（1）结合材料一，说明全国人大代表，全国人大在推动我国科技进步中行使的职权及其作用。
（12分）
（2）结合材料二和所学经济知识，分析自主创新对该企业发展的作用。
假设你是企业经营者，你该采取哪些措施来增强企业的自主创新能力？（14分）39.（26分）阅读材料，回答下列问题。
妈祖被誉为“海上女神”，传说妈祖姓林名默，宋代时出生在湄洲湾畔（今福建省莆田市境内）。
她一生救急扶危，行善济世。
妈祖去世后，人们在湄洲岛建庙祭祀。
宋元以后,随着闽南海上贸易和渔牧事业的发展,船工渔夫越来越多。
妈祖信仰越传越广。
妈祖从湄洲逐渐走向世界，据统计，目前世界上有妈祖庙5000多座（其中中国台湾800多座、港澳地区50多座），遍布20多个国家和地区，信奉者2亿多人。
每逢妈祖出生和升天纪念日，福建、台湾、香港、澳门等地都隆重举行各种庆祝活动，弘扬妈祖信俗蕴涵的传统美德，促进文化交流。
近年来，到湄洲来祭祀妈祖的台湾同胞、香港同胞、澳门同胞和海外华裔、华侨越来越多，妈祖文化日益成为凝聚华人、华侨的重要精神纽带。
2009年，妈祖信俗被评为世界非物质文化遗产。
（1）结合材料和所学文化生活知识，说明为什么妈祖文化具有凝聚华人、华侨的作用。
（10分）
（2）运用社会意识具有相对对立性原理，说明妈祖文化为什么千余年绵延不绝，不断发展。
（12分）
（3）结合材料并根据所学的文化生活知识，就如何更好地发挥妈祖文化的作用提出两条建议。
（4分）。