欧盟芯片法案

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高中政治选修1 同步讲义 课时3 区域性国际组织

高中政治选修1 同步讲义 课时3 区域性国际组织

课时3区域性国际组织课程标准知能目标核心素养识别主要的区域性国际组织,评价区域性国际组织在国际事务中发挥的作用1.了解欧盟的产生和发展、宗旨和机构2.正确认识欧盟在世界多极化中的地位和作用3.理解中国与欧盟关系4.知道亚太经合组织的宗旨及组织方式5.理解东盟、非盟的组成、目标以及中国与它们的关系科学精神:结合时事政治分析欧洲联盟、亚太经合组织、东南亚国家联盟、非洲联盟的地位、作用一、欧洲联盟:区域一体化组织的典型1.地位:当今世界一体化程度最高的区域性国际组织。

2.宗旨:实现各成员国的共同目标:促进和平,追求公民富裕生活,实现社会经济可持续发展,确保基本价值标准,加强国际合作。

3.作用:欧盟与世界上大多数国家建立了外交关系,并力争在重大国际问题和地区热点问题上有所作为。

近年来,欧盟经受了多重冲击,暴露了一些深层次问题。

4.中国与欧盟的关系:中欧各具经济优势,互补性强。

四十多年来,中欧关系发展迅速。

中欧建立全面战略伙伴关系,双方政治互信不断深化,经贸联系日益密切,人员交流持续频密。

二、亚太经合组织1.地位:亚太地区层级最高、领域最广、最具影响力的经济合作机制。

2.宗旨:支持亚太区域经济可持续增长和繁荣,建设活力和谐的亚太大家庭,捍卫自由开放的贸易和投资,加速区域经济一体化进程,鼓励经济技术合作,保障人民安全,促进建设良好和可持续的商业环境。

3.独特的亚太经济合作组织方式:承认多样性,强调灵活性、渐进性和开放性;遵循相互尊重、平等互利、协商一致、自主自愿的原则;单边行动与集体行动相结合。

4.中国与亚太经合组织中国在亚太地区举足轻重,是亚太经合组织的重要成员。

中国积极参与各层次各领域合作,为促进亚太经合组织的发展作出了积极贡献。

三、东南亚国家联盟1.性质:亚洲最令人瞩目的区域性国际组织。

2.作用:东盟成为推进区域合作和一体化建设的重要平台。

3.中国与东盟的关系:中国倡议与东盟携手建设更为紧密的中国—东盟命运共同体,共同建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”。

欧洲议会和欧盟理事会指令(1998 年10 月27 日)

欧洲议会和欧盟理事会指令(1998 年10 月27 日)

欧洲议会和欧盟理事会指令(1998年10月27日)关于协调各成员国有关体外医疗诊断设备法规的指令(98/79/EC)本指令适用范围:体外诊断医疗设备符号,信息—规范数据交换的术语本指令修订状况:(尚未对本指令进行修订)指令制修订依据及背景:考虑到建立欧共体的《条约》,尤其是第100a条款的规定,考虑到委员会的提案,考虑到经济及社会委员会的意见按照《条约》第189a款规定的程序,(1) 鉴于为使内部市场正常运作应采取一些措施;鉴于内部市场是一个确保商品、人员,服务及资本的自由流通的无内部边界的区域;(2) 鉴于成员国有关体外医疗诊断设备的安全,健康保护和性能特征及审批程序的法律,法规及管理规定的内容和范围是不同的;鉴于这种差异的存在给贸易带来阻碍,鉴于代表欧委会的国家立法进行一项对比调查证实了需要制订协调法规;(3) 鉴于为贸易自由排除壁垒,避免产生新的壁垒,唯一的手段是协调国家立法;鉴于各成员国单独采用其它的手段无法令人满意的达到该目的;鉴于本指令只规定的这些要求满足在最安全的条件下保证本指令适用的体外医疗诊断设备的自由流通;(4) 鉴于协调规定必须与成员国为管理直接或间接与这些设备有关的大众健康和医疗保险计划的基金筹措所采取的措施相区分;鉴于如这些措施符合欧共体的法律,则协调规定不会影响成员国予以实施的能力;(5) 鉴于体外医疗诊断设备应为患者、用户及第三者提供高水平的保护并达到制造商赋予产品的性能水准;鉴于,因此,在维持或改进各成员国已达到的保护水准是本指令的基本目标之一;(6) 鉴于根据1985年5月7日理事会决议对技术协调及标准的一种新方法的制定原则,有关相关产品的设计、制造及包装必须受到相关规定的限制,以满足基本要求;鉴于其基本性,这些要求应替代相应的国家规定;鉴于基本要求,包括降低及将风险最小化的要求,应考虑到设计当时的技术与应用及与保健及医疗安全水平相应的经济和技术因素,有区别地加以采用。

符合环保要求的半导体封装概述

符合环保要求的半导体封装概述

符合环保要求的半导体封装概述1.环境立法背景2002年10月11日欧盟立法通过两大环境保护法案——废弃电子电机设备(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment,WEEE)以及有毒物质禁制令(Restriction of Hazardous Substances, RoHS)。

这两个法案从2006年7月1日起开始在整个欧盟内施行,适时法案所规定的有害物质将全面受到限制。

届时输欧的电子、电机产品皆必须符合该标准。

WEEE 法案ⒶWEEE是关于废弃电子、电机产品的回收再利用Ⓑ规定范围包括电子产品和部件(印刷电路板、电池、含汞组件、阴极射线管等等) RoHS 法案Ⓐ限制铅、汞、镉、六价铬的使用,以及Ⓑ限制多溴联苯(PBB)或多溴连苯醚(PBDE)成分阻燃剂的使用。

WEEE和RoHS法案关注两方面的问题:一是产品当寿命终了时是否可回收,二是对一些有害元素及化合物的限制。

对半导体封装来讲,最主要的还是对有害成分的控制。

虽然,这些法案还没有对现时的产品产生作用,但在日本,很多公司已经提前执行这两个法案的要求。

根据日本电器产品再生条例,铅成分必须是可以回收的。

此外,在废物处置和公共卫生法案、废水处理法案中,对于铅和其他有害物质都有了非常严格的规定。

与此同时,很多日本的整机制造商投入相当大的力度发展环保产品,并将此作为重要的市场战略。

这些公司的行动已经不再停留在环保政策和产品计划层面。

松下电器MINI DISC PLAYER的成功就已经说明了环保产品是可以成为一个强有力的市场武器,同时更可以创造新的市场。

此外,Sony, Fujitsu,NEC 和 HITACHI早在2002年以前都起草了公司内部的环保产品发展路线图。

最近,这些公司联合起来成立了一个协会组织,GPSSI (Japan Green Procurement Survey Standardization Initiative),该组织成立的目的就是统一“绿色”电子电器产品的标准并提供相应的评价工具。

欧盟envi法案原文件

欧盟envi法案原文件

欧盟envi法案原文件篇一:欧盟envi法案原文件旨在推动和保护环境可持续发展。

该法案涵盖了多个方面,包括减少温室气体排放、促进可再生能源的使用、控制和管理化学物质的使用等。

该法案的主要目标是限制欧盟成员国的温室气体排放,以应对全球变暖和气候变化的挑战。

根据该法案,各成员国需要制定并执行国家低碳发展计划,以减少二氧化碳等温室气体的排放。

此外,该法案还设定了具体的减排目标和时间表,以确保欧盟在减少温室气体排放方面取得长期和可持续的进展。

另一个重要方面是促进可再生能源的使用。

根据该法案,各成员国需要逐步增加可再生能源的比例,以减少对不可再生能源的依赖。

同时,该法案还鼓励成员国采取措施支持和促进可再生能源的研发和推广,以推动欧盟的能源转型。

此外,欧盟envi法案还涉及到化学物质的使用和管理。

根据该法案,欧盟将加强对化学物质的监管,以确保其对环境和人类健康的影响得到有效控制。

该法案要求化学物质的制造商和使用者进行必要的风险评估,并采取适当的措施来减少对环境的负面影响。

总体而言,欧盟envi法案旨在推动欧洲的环境保护和可持续发展。

通过限制温室气体排放、促进可再生能源的使用以及加强对化学物质的管理,该法案为欧盟成员国提供了具体的指导和要求,以应对当前和未来的环境挑战。

篇二:欧盟环境法案原文件是欧洲联盟制定的法律文件,旨在保护和改善环境质量,并促进可持续发展。

该法案的目标是确保欧洲联盟成员国在各个领域都采取行动来减少环境污染、保护自然资源和生物多样性,并减少对气候的不利影响。

欧盟环境法案原文件涵盖了多个领域,包括空气质量、水质保护、废物管理、土壤保护、化学品管理、生物多样性保护等。

该法案要求成员国采取措施来减少空气中的污染物排放,确保水质符合规定的标准,并采取措施来减少废物的产生和正确处理废物。

此外,法案还要求成员国采取措施来保护土壤免受污染,并确保化学品的使用符合安全标准。

为了实现这些目标,欧盟环境法案原文件包括了一系列具体的规定和措施。

欧盟人工智能法案中英文对照全套

欧盟人工智能法案中英文对照全套

欧盟人工智能法案中英文对照全套English:The European Union's proposed Artificial Intelligence Act aims to regulate AI systems used in a wide range of applications, focusing on transparency and accountability. The Act classifies AI systems into various categories based on their potential risks, with strict requirements for high-risk systems. These requirements include documentation, data governance, oversight measures, and human oversight. The Act also prohibits certain AI applications such as social scoring and biometric recognition in public spaces unless very strict conditions are met. It introduces a conformity assessment and labeling system for AI providers, emphasizing the importance of ensuring compliance with EU regulations. The Act sets out penalties for non-comp liance, with fines of up to €30 million or 6% of global annual turnover, whichever is higher. Overall, the Act seeks to balance the benefits of AI innovation with the protection of fundamental rights and ensuring a trustworthy AI environment.中文翻译:欧盟提出的人工智能法案旨在规范各种应用中使用的人工智能系统,重点放在透明度和问责制上。

欧盟人工智能法案中英文对照全套

欧盟人工智能法案中英文对照全套

欧盟人工智能法案中英文对照全套全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1The European Union's new regulations on Artificial Intelligence (AI) were introduced to address the challenges and opportunities that AI presents in today's rapidly evolving world. The EU is the first major trading bloc to develop such comprehensive regulations to govern AI technologies. The goal is to ensure that AI is used in a responsible, transparent, and ethical manner, while also fostering innovation and competitiveness in the European market.The EU Artificial Intelligence Act, which was proposed by the European Commission in April 2021, lays out a framework for the development and deployment of AI systems within the EU. The act defines AI systems as software that has the ability to analyse its environment and make decisions or take actions, with or without human intervention. This definition encompasses a wide range of AI technologies, from machine learning algorithms to robotics and autonomous systems.One of the key provisions of the AI Act is the establishment of a European Artificial Intelligence Board, which will be responsible for overseeing the implementation of the regulations. The board will consist of representatives from EU member states, the European Commission, and experts in the field of AI. Its main tasks will include monitoring compliance with the regulations, assessing the ethical implications of AI technologies, and promoting dialogue between stakeholders.The AI Act also outlines requirements for the transparency and accountability of AI systems. Developers will be required to provide users with information about how their AI systems work, including the data sources they use and the algorithms they employ. They will also be required to provide mechanisms for users to challenge the decisions made by AI systems and to ensure that these decisions are explainable and fair.In addition, the AI Act includes provisions to ensure the safety and security of AI systems. Developers will be required to conduct risk assessments to identify potential hazards and take measures to mitigate them. They will also be required to keep records of incidents involving AI systems and report them to the relevant authorities.Another key aspect of the AI Act is the prohibition of certain AI practices that are considered high-risk. These include the use of AI for social scoring, the manipulation of individuals through AI-powered content, and the use of biometric identification in public spaces without proper safeguards. These practices are seen as posing a significant threat to individual rights and freedoms, and are therefore prohibited under the AI Act.Overall, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act represents a significant step towards regulating AI technologies in a responsible and ethical manner. By setting clear rules and guidelines for the development and deployment of AI systems, the EU aims to ensure that AI benefits society as a whole while minimizing the risks associated with its use. As other countries around the world grapple with the challenges of AI regulation, the EU's approach may serve as a model for ensuring the responsible use of AI technologies in the future.篇2EU Artificial Intelligence Act Full Set of Contrasts - English VersionIntroductionThe European Union's proposal for a comprehensive regulation on artificial intelligence (AI) aims to establish clear rules on the development, deployment, and use of AI technologies within the EU. The EU Artificial Intelligence Act sets out a framework for ensuring the safety, fairness, transparency, and accountability of AI systems while fostering innovation and competitiveness in the digital economy.Scope of the RegulationThe AI Act applies to AI systems that are placed on the EU market or used in the EU, regardless of where they were developed. It covers a wide range of AI applications, including high-risk systems, such as those used in critical infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, and law enforcement, as well as other AI systems with a significant impact on individuals' rights.Key ProvisionsThe AI Act includes several key provisions to ensure the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies. These provisions include:1. Prohibition of certain AI practices: The regulation prohibits AI systems that manipulate human behavior, use subliminaltechniques to exploit vulnerabilities, enable social scoring and evaluation, or create deepfakes without disclosure.2. Obligations for high-risk AI systems: Developers ofhigh-risk AI systems must comply with strict requirements, including risk assessment, technical documentation, transparency, accuracy, and robustness. They must also provide detailed user instructions and ensure human oversight.3. Data quality and training data: The regulation requires developers to use high-quality data and ensure the fairness and non-discrimination of AI systems. They must also provide explanations for AI decisions and allow for human intervention.4. Transparency and accountability: Developers must ensure the transparency and traceability of AI systems, including record-keeping, documentation, and reporting requirements. They must also implement mechanisms for accountability and redress in case of errors or harm.Enforcement and PenaltiesThe AI Act establishes a European Artificial Intelligence Board (EAIB) to oversee the implementation and enforcement of the regulation. National authorities in EU Member States will be responsible for monitoring compliance with the AI Act andimposing penalties for violations. Penalties for non-compliance c an include fines of up to 6% of annual turnover or €30 million, whichever is higher.ConclusionThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act represents a significant step towards ensuring the responsible and ethical development of AI technologies within the EU. By setting clear rules and standards for AI systems, the regulation aims to protect individuals' rights, promote trust in AI technologies, and support innovation and competitiveness in the digital economy.篇3EU Artificial Intelligence Legislation Full SetIntroductionWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the European Union (EU) has recognized the need to regulate AI to ensure its ethical use and protect the rights of its citizens. In this document, we provide a full set of the EU Artificial Intelligence legislation in both English and Chinese.EU Artificial Intelligence ActThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act is the main legislation that governs the use of AI technologies in the European Union. The Act aims to establish a comprehensive framework for the development, deployment, and use of AI systems in the EU. The key provisions of the Act include:1. Scope: The Act applies to AI systems that are placed on the EU market or used in the EU, regardless of where they are developed.2. Requirements: The Act sets out requirements for the development and deployment of AI systems, including transparency, accountability, and human oversight.3. Prohibited Practices: The Act prohibits certain practices, such as social scoring and real-time biometric identification, that pose a high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals.4. Enforcement: The Act establishes enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with its provisions, including penalties for non-compliance.5. Supervisory Authorities: The Act designates national competent authorities to enforce its provisions and oversee the development and use of AI systems in the EU.EU Artificial Intelligence RegulationIn addition to the AI Act, the EU has also adopted a Regulation on Artificial Intelligence. The Regulation complements the Act and provides further guidelines on the ethical use of AI technologies. The key provisions of the Regulation include:1. Ethical Principles: The Regulation sets out ethical principles that must be followed when developing and deploying AI systems, including respect for human dignity, autonomy, and privacy.2. High-Risk AI: The Regulation identifies certain AI systems that pose a high risk to the rights and freedoms of individuals, such as those used in critical infrastructure or healthcare. These systems are subject to stricter requirements and oversight.3. Certification: The Regulation establishes a certification scheme for AI systems to ensure compliance with its provisions and promote trust in AI technologies.4. Data Governance: The Regulation includes provisions on data governance to ensure the responsible and ethical use of data in AI systems.ConclusionThe EU Artificial Intelligence legislation provides a comprehensive framework for the development and use of AI technologies in the European Union. By setting out clear requirements and guidelines, the legislation aims to promote the ethical use of AI while protecting the rights and freedoms of EU citizens. As AI technologies continue to evolve, the EU will continue to monitor and regulate their use to ensure a safe and inclusive digital future for all.。

欧盟《数据法案》

欧盟《数据法案》

欧盟《数据法案》
2023年11月9日,欧洲议会通过《数据法案》(Data Act)最终版本。

该法案旨在明确数据访问、共享和使用的规则,规定获取数据的主体和条件,使更多私营和公共实体将能够共享数据。

其关键要素包括:
- 加强数据可移植性和数据共享:允许连接设备用户访问和与第三方共享由连接设备生成的数据,从而使售后市场和其他数据驱动的创新服务(如预测性维护)更便宜。

- 第三方数据处理规则:规定第三方在《数据法案》下共享的数据的处理规则,以及第三方接收数据者与原始数据持有者之间的关系。

- 平衡中小企业的谈判权力:防止在数据共享合同中滥用合同不平衡的行为。

欧洲委员会还将开发模板合同,帮助公司起草和协商公平的数据共享合同。

- 赋予公共部门访问和使用数据的权力:在高公共利益的情况下,如自然灾害等,公共部门可以访问和使用私人公司持有的数据,但须符合特定条件。

- 数据和云互操作性规则:允许最终用户有效地在云和边缘服务提供商之间切换,并建立针对非欧盟政府非法数据转移和访问的保护措施。

欧洲议会通过的《数据法案》的最终版本,还需要欧洲理事会正式批准才能成为法律。

《欧盟芯片法案》主要内容

《欧盟芯片法案》主要内容

《欧盟芯片法案》主要内容
《欧盟芯片法案》是指欧盟委员会于2021年提出的一项法案,
旨在加强欧盟对半导体产业的支持和监管。

该法案的主要内容包括
以下几个方面:
1. 投资和补贴,《欧盟芯片法案》提出了加大对半导体产业的
投资和补贴力度,以提高欧盟在全球半导体市场的竞争力。

欧盟计
划在未来几年内投入数十亿欧元用于半导体产业的发展和研发。

2. 安全和自主性,法案强调了半导体产业的安全和自主性,提
出了加强对关键技术和关键设备的控制和监管,以确保欧盟在半导
体领域的自主研发和生产能力。

3. 环保和可持续发展,法案还着重强调了半导体产业的环保和
可持续发展,提出了减少生产过程中的环境污染和资源浪费,推动
绿色技术和循环经济的发展。

4. 国际合作和竞争政策,《欧盟芯片法案》还包括了加强国际
合作和竞争政策的内容,欧盟将积极寻求与其他国家和地区的合作,同时加强对半导体产业的监管和反垄断政策。

总的来说,《欧盟芯片法案》旨在通过政策支持和监管措施,加强欧盟在半导体产业的地位,提高自主研发和生产能力,推动产业的可持续发展,并促进国际合作与竞争。

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欧盟芯片法案
欧盟芯片法案于2020年5月12日正式生效。

此法案主要规定了欧盟
针对芯片调配和建立芯片原件申请系统的有关规定,旨在确保欧盟企业在
芯片领域以及其他相关领域的安全运营。

首先,此法案重点强调了企业在芯片调配和供应链发现中的安全。

为此,欧盟提出了严格的安全规定,要求欧盟企业在芯片调配和供应链发现
方面拥有足够的能力。

同时,欧盟也建立了一个统一的芯片原件申请系统,以确保欧盟企业在芯片方面受到充分的保护。

另外,此法案还对对外技术转移提出了安全要求,确保转移技术不会
被非法利用。

欧盟更要求企业在技术转移上应该加强与外部的合作,避免
出现技术上的经济损失。

总之,此法案的实施将有助于确保欧盟企业在芯片领域以及其他相关
领域的安全运营,也有助于提升欧盟企业在全球市场的竞争力。

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