2015年 阅读及答案(2)
2015全国二卷 高考语文试题及答案--完整版
2015年高考真题及答案——语文（青海、西藏、甘肃、贵州、内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、吉林、黑龙江、云南、海南、广西）新课标II）2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、主考正好填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时，将答案卸载答题卡上。
卸载本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问题，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。
过去，通常只是从艺术品的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品完成就意味着创作完成。
而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结，它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或观众、听众的再创作。
由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义，也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一.艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢？接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白”“空缺”“否定”三个要素。
所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白，接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来，整合成一个有机的图像系统；所谓“否定”指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。
由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作。
正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象.接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的。
2015年高考语文试题及答案(全国II卷)
注意事项：1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷(表达题）两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上．写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第I卷阅读题甲必考题―、现代文阅读（9分．每小题3分）阅读下面的文宇，完成1〜3題．艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问題，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。
过去，通常只是从艺术家的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经驗的结晶过程．作品完成就意味着创作完成．而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结．它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落,接下来是读者或现众、听众的再创作．由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义．也就是说，接受者也是艺术劍作的主体之一、艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢?接受美学的创始人．德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构",因为文本有“空白，“空缺”“否定"三个要素．所谓“空白"是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺",是语言结构造成的各个图像间的空白．接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图像片断连接起来．整合成一个有机的田像系统；所谓“否定’指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判,由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作，正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象．接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的,海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构,这种结构影响着理解．理解不可能是文本意义的重现，而只能是文本与前理解"的统一、这样，文本与接受訧呈现出一种相互作用的关系:一方面文本在相当度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向,让理解朝它的本义靠拢;另一方面,文本不可能将接受者完全制约住．规范住，接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品,于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造．从某种意义上说，理解就是误读,创造也是误读，不要希望所有的接受者都持同样的理解．也不要希望所有的理解都与艺术家的本旨一致．那样并不意味着艺术作品的成功.文本一经产生就成为历史，它所表达的思想感情、所反映的生活,都只能是过去的，而理解总是现在进行时．当我们接受历史上的艺术作品时,我们当然可以设身处地想象古人的生活，体验古人的思想感情，但我们毕竞是现代人,只能按照我们现在的心理文化结构去理解古人．当然，任何理解都只能是个体的理解，但个体毕竞是与群体相通的，所以个体的理解中也有普遍性．理解作为现实的行为具有通向实践的品格．艺术品正是通过理解走向现实，并在生活中发挥作用的．不是别的,正是理解擦亮了艺术品的生命之光.（摘编自陈望衡《艺术是什么》) 1．下列关于原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是A．在过去，艺术品的接受并不属于美学的研究范围，而当接受美学诞生以后，关于艺术品的接受的研究就成为艺术美学中的一门显学.B．在接受美学诞生以前,人们一股的认识是：整个创作过程就是艺术家的审美经验不断结晶的过程，艺术品一旦形成,创作也就大功告成.C．接受美学认为，艺术品在艺术家手中产生出来,这只是艺术创作的第一阶段，读者、观众、听众对艺术品的接受是艺术创作的继续。
高考英语(四月)完形填空阅读理解小练高三全册英语试题_2
定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校2015高考英语（四月）完形填空、阅读理解小练（2）答案【2015高考复习】阅读理解Does stress cause gray hair？Many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to lose its color.In fact，it is an_old_wives’_tale that being upset all the time can result in premature graying.Here is a closer look at this situation and why some believe that this old wives’ tale could be true.As one ages，the hairs on the head also age.In fact，just about everything on the human body begins to show signs of wear and tear after a while.The joints wear and become stiff and skin wears and becomes wrinkled.Hairs on the head grow and eventually die.They are replaced，but in the process something else happens.When new hairs are replaced，the color or pigment (色素) is also added to them.However，as one ages，this pigment becomes less and less available.At first，hairs will have a limited amount of pigment and they will appear to be grayish in color.In time，they will lose all of their pigment and will be white.Many things are known to cause graying，and genetics is a very powerful factor.If one of your parents turns gray at an early age，there is a good chance that you will too.Some people begin the graying process in high school，while others may be over the age of forty.Constant worry and tension can have many harmful effects on the human body.It is a known fact that stressful times can cause one to suffer hair loss.It would make sense that if it can cause these problems，perhaps it also may contribute to graying.However，there is no sound evidence to support this.On the other hand，many medical professionals believe that there may be a link between graying and a constant state of anxiety or tension.Does stress cause gray hair？There is no scientific evidence to support the theory，but it is best to avoid stressful situations.【语篇解读】压力会导致头发变白吗？许多人相信情况是这样的。
高中英语真题-2015高考英语阅读及七选五训练(2)及答案_1
高中英语真题:2015高考英语阅读及七选五训练（2）及答案完形填空。
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We cannot escape hearing and seeing brokenness in this world . We are reminded daily that as humans we are more fragile tha n we would want to 16 , and are exposed to being broken on a daily basis or 17 others directly or indirectly.We’ve all 18 some form of brokenness, and we know of other s who have. For some people, brokenness has been a blessing in disguise. Though 19 it makes them weak, the long-term strength is increased, which makes them a 20 person. For some, it takes them down hard, pushing them to 21 from socie ty and sometimes self-destructive habits are formed.Mental, emotional, financial, spiritual and physical brokenness a ffects everyone at some point on our journey of life. The 22 bac k to wholeness after an encounter with brokenness can be posit ive or negative, bitter or better. So does this mean the measureof recovery from the brokenness 23 on the type of brokenness ? My answer is no.Nelson Mandela was kept in prison falsely for 27 years in total ---but look at the end of his life. He must have 24 some form of br okenness at some point but today his life speaks of wholeness. His ability to come back as a 25 person speaks for itself.There are men and women who have returned from war with li mbs 26 , mental, social and emotional 27 , but today they’re still whole. In relationships, hearts are broken but people deal healt hily with their brokenness and 28 to let what has broken them k ept them broken. They’ve 29 .Sure, it’s a(n) 30 to survive any form of brokenness but believi ng you are worth better and with the right support system, we c an be made whole again.16. A. conclude B. expect C. admitD. prove【答案】C【解析】考查动词及语境理解的能力。
2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案(阅读理解)
2015年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案（阅读理解）Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker， while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske， In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men， the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor； they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers， threatened with complete removal of 新祥旭官网/all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home？[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”（Line 4，Para 4）most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating新祥旭官网/[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。
高中英语真题-2015高考英语阅读理解选练(2)及答案(一轮)_1
高中英语真题:2015高考英语阅读理解选练（2）及答案（一轮）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中·选出最佳选项。
【天津市蓟县邦均中学2014高考英语模拟试题】ARoger Colmer is a modem-day Horatio Alger hero．Roger started out as an unpaid worker in a small flower shop．He has become the owner of a florist c ompany whose sales are well over $l00，000 a year．One day when Roger was only twelve，he stopped at a local flower shop．He asked the owner if he co uld work fur him，without pay, in order to learn the business．Roger started worki ng every day after school and on weekends．After ‘two years o n the job，he finally asked for a small salary．The owners told him he "wa sn’t good enough to be paid．”So he quit ,and found a paying j ob at another local flower shop．。
He worked hard there，but after six months they laid him offbecause business was slow．Not discouraged, Roger decided to do it alone and started hi s own flower store in a basement．He started his business with only sixty-five dollars．He bought old refrigerators at garage sales and kn ocked the shelves out This turned．them into coolers fur his fre sh-cut flowers．His business grew rapidly as he built up a reputati on for top quality and fine service．In l977，Roger bought out the flower store where he had worked without pay for over two years．The people who said he "wasn’t good enough” were astonished to find that they were being taken ove r by a teenager He had plans to renovate the whole store．One of the reasons the owners sold out to Roger was that the store wasn’t doing well．But after Roger took over ownership a nd redid the store，businessstarted booming．In fact, business was so good that after one y ear, he celebrated by buying out the other store where he had worked．Roger then combined both Stores and moved to a loc ation in the center of his town．The new store has 2，000 square feet and seven employees．And he did it all beforehe reached the age of twenty．36.The author is most eager to show that people who want to g et ahead in business shouldA Work without payB own a flower shopC work hard and be persistentD work as teenagers37. Which of the following does NOT describe Roger Comer’s h istory in business?A He worked for two years without payB He needed luck to be successfulC He opened his first flower business in a basementD He opened a store in the middle of his town38. The style of the passage is mostly like aA newspaper articleB humorous storyC television playD magazine interview39. Which of the following statements about Roger Conner is N OT true?A He gave customers better service than the other shops he had worked forB He was a very brave and heroic young manC He worked hard without pay in a flower shop in order to get to know the businessD He was free to make decisions on the location of his shop40.From what you know about Roger Conner, you can conclude that a “Horatio Alger hero is the kind of person whoA works hard in the flower businessB is born into a rich familyC starts out poor and becomes richD becomes famous【参考答案】36-40CBABC较难题目特训：人物故事类As we drove along, my spirits went up again, and I turned, with pleasure, to the thought of the new life which I was entering. Bu t though it was not far past the middle of September, the heavy clouds and strong north-easterly wind combined to make the day extremely cold; and th e journey seemed a very long one, so that it was nearly one o’clock before we reached the place of our destination. Yet when w e entered the gateway, my heart failed me, and I wished it were a mile or two farther off. For the first time in my life I must stand alone: there was no retreating now. I must enter that house, an d introduce myself among its strange people. But how was it to be done? True, I was near nineteen; but, thanks to the protectin g care of my mother and sister, I well knew that many a girl of fif teen, or under, was gifted with a more womanly address, and gr eater ease and self-possession, than I was. Yet, anyway. I would do very well, after all; and the children, of course, I should soon be at ease with th em."Be calm, be calm, whatever happens," I said within myself; and truly I was so fully occupied in steadying my nerves and keepin g down the rebellious beat of my heart that when I was admitte d into the hall and into the presence of Mrs. Bloomfield, I almost forgot to answer her polite greeting; and it afterwards struck m e that the little I did say was spoken in the tone of one half-dead or half-asleep.With due politeness, however, she showed me my bedroom, an d left me there to take a little refreshment for a little while and le d me into the dining-room. Some beefsteaks and potatoes were set before me; andwhile I dined upon these, she sat opposite, watching me (as I th ought) and trying to keep something like a conversation— consi sting chiefly of commonplace remarks. In fact, my attention was almost wholly absorbed in my dinner: not from appetite, but fro m the toughness of the beefsteaks, and the numbness of my ha nds.“I have had so little time to attend to their education myself, but I think they are clever children, and very willing to learn, especi ally the little boy; he is, I think, the flower of the flock— a genero us, noble-spirited boy, one to be led, but not driven, and remarkable for al ways speaking the truth.”“His sister Mary Ann will require watc hing,” continued she, “but she is a very good girl on the whole, t hough I wish her to be kept out of the nursery as much as pos sible, as she is now almost six years old, and might acquire bad habits from the nurses. I have ordered her bed to be placed in your room, and if you will be so kind as to look after her washin g and dressing, and take charge of her clothes, she needs to ha ve nothing further to do with the nursery maid.”I replied I was quite willing to do so; and at that moment the chil dren entered the room. Tom Bloomfield was a well-grown boy of seven. Mary was a tall girl, for her age of six, som ewhat dark like her mother. The second sister was Fanny, a very pretty little girl, looking little younger than Mary. The remainin g one was Harriet, a little broad, fat, merry, playful thing of scar cely two, whom I had more desire for than all the rest — but with her I had nothing to do.67. Which of the following statements best describes how the w riter felt when she entered Mrs. Bloomfield's home?A. She was nervous, dissatisfied with her manners but still confi dent.B. She was cold, hungry but eager to see all the children in the family.C. She was frightened, nervous and regretful about her decisio n.D. She was calm, confident and very happy with all the family.68. What job would the writer take in Mrs Bloomfield's home?A. A nursery maid.B. A house cleaner.C. A home cook.D. A family teacher.69. Which of the following was TRUE according to the passage ?A. The writer had some difficulty with her lunch because of the t ough food and the cold.B. The delicious food took the writer's attention away from Mrs. Bloomfield’s words.C. All the children were well educated before the writer came to the family.D. All the children in the family were looked after by Mrs Bloomf ield herself.70. From the passage, we can infer that ______.A. Mrs Bloomfield would treat the writer kindly and help her a lotB. the youngest girl Harriet would be the writer’s favorite studen tC. the writer would take on more responsibilities than she shoul dD. Tom Bloomfield would be the cleverest of all the children 【参考答案】2.67-70 ADAC【福建省漳州市2014高考英语第三次联考试题】BBecause of the financial crisis in the US and , college students are beginning to struggle to find ways to pay their tuition fees a nd accommodations.Recently, two major US student loan lenders—Citibank and JPMorgan Chase—announced they were leaving the student loan industry altogeth er. Because banks currently have a lack of credit(存款额), they are reluctant to offer students lowinterest loans(贷款) that need a severalyear wait for any return of interest.In the US, many undergraduates top up their financial needs wit h a private loan, although the majority can get governmentfund ed loans. In the 20052006 academic year, $17 billion in private student loans was used to finance higher education. The shortf all in private funding has yet to be covered and will hit many st udents hard.Across the Atlantic, students have been less troubled by the cri sis. Most undergraduates in the UK cover their university expen ses with governmentfunded loans and grants(助学金). Their biggest concern is a sudden steep increase in studen t rent.Most young professionals now rent houses, since 80 percent of UK mortgage schemes(住房抵押贷款计划) have disappeared—a direct result of the credit crisis. This has boosted the house re nt market.In large cities, students are paying almost 6.5 percent more in r ent than the previous year. Figures from the UK organization Accommodation for Student show students in big cities such as p aying an average weekly rent of $103.Yet, despite students' suffering, the number of this year’s univer sity applications is expected to grow. During economic slumps, people regard further education as a way to survive tough job m arkets.60. According to the passage, banks are unwilling to offer stude nts loans because ________.A. the students are poor and sometimes they can’t pay off the debtB. banks prefer lending the money to the young professionalsC. banks don’t have enough money left at the present timeD. they think college students are not studying hard61. The underlined phrase “top up” in Paragraph 3 probably me ans ________.A. put upB. make upC. fill upD. pick up62. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ?A. college students have to pay more if they want to rent hou ses.B. More UK students want to further their study in college.C. It is not so easy for US students to loan money now.D. College students' tuition fees have risen greatly.63. It can be inferred that ________.A. there are no private student loan lenders in theB. loans for US college students will be increased next yearC. private funding falls a little because of higherinterest loans in theD. private loans play a very important role in financing US stu dents’ education64. The passage mainly tells us ________.A. college students in the US and are faced with their financi al crisisB. it is the duty of the governments to solve college students' f inancial crisisC. private student loan is a good way for college students to o vercome the difficultiesD. further education is a good way for college students to surv ive tough job markets【参考答案】60—64、CCDDA较难题目特训：人物故事类Rae Armantrout, who has been a poetry professor at the Univer sity of California San Diego(UCSD)for two decades, has won th e 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category forher most recent book, “Versed”."I’m delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings, as compared to even the National Book Crit ics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win,” said Armantrout."For a long time, my writing has been just below the media rada r, and to have this kind of attention, suddenly, with my 10th boo k, is really surprising.”Armantrout, a native Californian, received her bachelor’s degre e at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Le vertov, and her master’s in creative writing from . She is a foun ding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry th at analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.In March, she won the National Book Critics Award for“Versed.”"This book has gotten more attention,” Armantrout said, “but I d on’t feel as if it’s better.”The first half of“Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against . The second h alf looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life a fter Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006. Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not. “Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry,” said Seth Lerer, head of Arts and Hu manities at UCSD."Versed,” published by the Wesleyan University Press, did appe ar in a larger printing than her earlier works, which is about 2, 700 copies. The new edition is scheduled to appear in May.1. According to Rae Armantrout, .A. her 10th book is much betterB. her winning the Pulitzer is unexpectedC. the media is surprised at her worksD. she likes being recognized by her readers2. Which of the following is true of Rae Armantrout?A. She published a poetry textbook.B. She used to teach Denise Levertov.21世纪教育网C. She started a poets’ group with others.D. She taught creative writing at UC Berkeley.3. What can we learn about“Versed” ?A. It consists of three parts.B. It is mainly about the American army.C. It is a book published two decades ago.D. It partly concerns the poet’s own life.4. Rae Armantrout’s colleagues think that she .A. should write moreB. has a sweet voiceC. deserves the prizeD. is a strange professor5. What can we learn from the text?A. About 2, 700 copies of“Versed” will be printed.B. Cancer made Armantrout stop writing.C. Armantrout got her degrees at UCSD.D. “Versed” has been awarded twice.【参考答案】18.1-5 BCDCD2015高考英语阅读理解选练（2）及答案（一轮）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中·选出最佳选项。
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题及答案解析(word精校版)
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题及答案（word精校版）含详细解析第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）AMy color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies23. How did the author finally get this TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting itB.By turning it on and offC.By switching channelsD.By having it repaired24. How does the author sound when telling the story?A.CuriousB.AnxiousC.CautiousD.Humorous【答案】21. C22. A23. D24. D22.A 词义推测题。
高中英语真题-2015一轮英语阅读理解练习(2)及答案(精品)
高中英语真题:2015一轮英语阅读理解练习（2）及答案（精品）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrou s oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find.Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmos phere as had been estimated by the International Panel on Clim ate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the a mount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such a s fertilizer use and sewage discharges.“Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the en vironment,” said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in , , and lead a uthor of the paper published this week in the journal Proceeding s of the National Academy of Sciences.“Much of this nitrogen is transported into river and stream netw orks,” Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen (二氮).The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous o xide is a powerful greenhousegas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the str atosphere’s ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harm ful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is 30 0-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though car bon dioxide isa far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrou s oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change.Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rat es in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results s howed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. “Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks,” Beaulieu said.1. From the second paragraph we can learn .A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expecte dB. scientists’ calculation is totally wrongC. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the riversD. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?A. Fertilizer use.B. Sewage discharges.C. Fossil fuel combustion.D. Climate change.3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because .A. it can protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiationB. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate changeC. it is a far more common greenhouse gasD. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide4. What does the passage mainly tells us?A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhousegas nitrous oxide.B. It’s human activities that release nitrogen into the environme nt.C. How to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networksD What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide. 【参考答案】1—4、ADDA较难题目特训：节能环保类阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题及参考答案解析(word精校版)
2015年高考全国卷2英语试题第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）Asignedoff forthenight.Fortunately,Ididn’tgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwou ldneverhavegottentobed.ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(静电)noise.Forsomereason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial,aloudnois ewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradually,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,an dtogetridofit,Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimest histechniquewouldnotwork,andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound .Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shakingmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyan dwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfirst,anditsto ppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesitisworkingw ellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.21.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVsetA.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B Hecouldn’treturnitwhenitwasbroken. BHecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.DHefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.22.Whichofthefollowinganbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inparagraph1A.endedalltheirprogramsBprovidedfewerchannelsCchangedtocommercialsDshowedall-nightmovies23.HowdidtheauthorfinallygetthisTVsetworkingagainA.ByshakingandhittingitBByturningitonandoffCByswitchingchannelsDByhavingitrepaired24.HowdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestoryA.CuriousBAnxiousCCautiousDHumorousBHerearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoenc ourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces–andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourh omedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightn ess.lessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmo reap petizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeuslesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,go blue.Don’tforgettheclock–ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabou t70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,a ndtrytomakedinnerlastat30mi nutes.Andwhileyou’reatit,actuallysitdowntoea t.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turningonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslike lytorushthroughameal.25.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout____.A.theirhomecomfortsBtheirbodyshapeChousebuyingDhealthydiets26.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople____.A.digestfoodbetterBreducefoodintakeCburnmorecaloriesDregaintheirappetites27.WhatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimesA.Eatquickly.BPlayfastmusicCUsesmallerspoonsDTurndownthelights28.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.IsYourHouseMakingYouFatBWaysofServingDinnerCEffectsofSelf-ConsciousnessDIsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxingCMorestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(间隔年)beforegoingtouniversity.Itusedtobethe“yearoff”betweenschoolandunive rsity.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated(起源)withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicantsbetweenentranceexamsinNovemb erandthestartofthenextacademicyear.Thisyear,25,310studentswhohaveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitu tionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear,accordingtostatisticsonuniversity entranceprovidedbytheUniversityandCollegeAdmissionsService(UCAS).Thatisarecord14.7%increaseinthenumberofstudentstakingagapyear.TonyHi gginsfromUCASsaidthatthestatisticsaregoodnewsforeveryoneinhighereducatio n.“Studentswhotakeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,an dcomplete,theirchosencourse.Studentswhotakeagapyearareoftenmorematureand responsible,”hesaid.29.WhatdowelearnaboutthegapyearfromthetextA.Itisflexibleinlength.BItisatimeforrelaxationCItisincreasinglypopularDItisrequiredbyuniversitiesA.arebetterpreparedforcollegestudiesBknowalotmoreabouttheirfuturejob CaremorelikelytoleaveuniversityindebtDhaveabetterchancetoentertopuniversities31.HowdoesOwainJamesfeelaboutthegap-yearphenomenonA.He’spuzzled B He’sworriedC He’ssurprisedD He’sannoyed32.WhatwouldmoststudentsdoontheirvacationaccordingtoNUSstatisticsA.Attendadditionalcourses.BMakeplansforthenewterm CEarnmoneyfortheireducationDPreparefortheirgraduatestudiesDChooseYourOne-Day-Tours!TourA-Bath&Stonehenge:includingentrancefeestotheancientRomanbathroomsand Stonehenge-￡37until26Marchand￡39thereafter.Visitthecitywithover2,000yearsofhistoryandBathAbbey,theRoyalCrescentandt heCostumeMuseum,Stonehengeisoneoftheworld'smostfamousprehistoricmonument sdatingbackover5,000years.TourB-Oxford&StartfordincludingentrancefeestotheUniversityStMary'sChurch TowerandAnneHathaway's-￡32until12Marchand￡36thereafterOxford:IncludesaguidedtourofEngland'soldestuniversitycityandcolleges.Loo koverthe"cityofdreamingspires(尖顶）"fromStMary’sChurchTower.Stratford:Includesaguide dtourexploringmuchofth eShakespearewonder.TourC-WindsorCastle&HamptonCourtincludingentrancefeestoHamptonCourtPalac e-￡34until11Marchand￡37thereafter.TourD-CambridgeincludingentrancefeestotheTowerofSaintMarytheGreat-￡33until18Marchand￡37thereafter.IncludesaguidedtourofCambridge,thefamousuniversitytown,andthegardensofth e18thcentury.33.WhichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttoseeEngland’soldestuniversitycityA.TourBTourCTourDTour34.Whichofthefollowingtourschargesthelowestfeeon17MarchA.WindsorCastle&HamptonCourtBOxford&StratfordCBath&StonehengeDCambridge35.WhyisHamptonCourtamajortouristattractionA.ItusedtobethehomeofroyalfamiliesB.Itusedtobeawell-knownmazeC.ItistheoldestpalaceinBritainD.Itisaworld-famouscastle第二节（（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2015年英语二参考答案
2015年英语二参考答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，第一段提到了“a new report suggests that the use of social media has a positive impact on young people's mental health”，这表明社交媒体对青少年心理健康有积极影响。
因此，答案为A。
2. 文章第二段中指出“the study found that the majority of young people use social media to keep in touch with friends and family”，这说明大多数年轻人使用社交媒体是为了与朋友和家人保持联系。
因此，答案为B。
3. 第三段中提到了“some experts argue that social media can be addictive and may lead to antisocial behavior”，这表明一些专家认为社交媒体可能会上瘾并导致反社会行为。
因此，答案为C。
4. 第四段中提到了“the report also hig hlights the potential risks of cyberbullying”，这表明报告还强调了网络欺凌的潜在风险。
因此，答案为D。
5. 文章最后一段中指出“the findings of the study are not conclusive and more research is needed”，这说明研究结果不是决定性的，需要更多的研究。
因此，答案为E。
二、完形填空（共20分）61. 根据下文的“the use of social media has a positive impacton young people's mental health”，可知社交媒体对年轻人心理健康有积极影响，因此选择A。
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马兰花李德霞大清早,马兰花从蔬菜批发市场接了满满一车菜回来,车子还没扎稳,邻摊卖水果的三孬就凑过来说:“兰花姐,卖咸菜的麻婶出事了。
”马兰花一惊:“出啥事啦?”三孬说:“前天晚上,麻婶收摊回家后,突发脑溢血,幸亏被邻居发现,送到医院里,听说现在还在抢救呢。
”马兰花想起来了,难怪昨天就没看见麻婶摆摊卖咸菜。
三孬又说:“前天上午麻婶接咸菜钱不够,不是借了你六百块钱吗?听说麻婶的女儿从上海赶过来了,你最好还是抽空跟她说说去。
”整整一个上午,马兰花都提不起精神来,不时地瞅着菜摊旁边的那块空地发呆。
以前,麻婶就在那里摆摊卖咸菜,不忙的时候,就和马兰花说说话,聊聊天。
有时买菜的人多,马兰花忙不过来,不用招呼,麻婶就会主动过来帮个忙……中午,跑出租车的男人进了菜摊。
马兰花就把麻婶的事跟她男人说了。
男人说:“我开车陪你去趟医院吧。
一来看看麻婶,二来把麻婶借钱的事跟她女儿说说,免得日后有麻烦。
”马兰花就从三孬的水果摊上买了一大兜水果,坐着男人的车去了医院。
麻婶已转入重症监护室,还没有脱离生命危险。
门口的长椅上,麻婶的女儿哭得眼泪一把,鼻涕一把。
马兰花安慰了一番,放下水果就出了医院。
男人撵上来,不满地对马兰花说:“我碰你好几次,你咋不提麻婶借钱的事?”马兰花说:“你也不看看,那是提钱的时候吗?”男人急了:“你现在不提,万一麻婶救不过来,你找谁要去?”马兰花火了:“你咋尽往坏处想啊?你就肯定麻婶救不过来?你就肯定人家会赖咱那六百块钱?啥人啊?”男人铁青了脸,怒气冲冲地上了车。
一路上,男人把车开得飞快。
第三天,有消息传来,麻婶没能救过来,昨天她女儿火化了麻婶,带着骨灰连夜飞回了上海。
男人知道后,特意赶过来,冲着马兰花吼:“钱呢?麻婶的女儿还你了吗?老子就没见过你这么傻的女人!”男人离开时,一脚踢翻一只菜篓子,红艳艳的西红柿滚了一地。
马兰花的眼泪在眼眶里打转转。
从此,男人耿耿于怀,有事没事就把六百块钱的事挂在嘴边。
马兰花只当没听见。
一天,正吃着饭,男人又拿六百块钱说事了。
男人说:“咱都进城好几年了,住的房子还是租来的。
你倒好,拿六百块钱打了水漂儿。
”马兰花终于憋不住了,眼里含着泪说:“你有完没完?不就六百块钱吗?是个命!就当麻婶是我干妈,我孝敬了干妈,成了吧?”男人一撂碗,拂袖而去,把屋门摔得山响。
日子水一样流淌。
转眼,一个月过去。
这天,马兰花卖完菜回到家。
一进门,就看见男人系着围裙,做了香喷喷的一桌饭菜。
马兰花呆了,诧异地说:“日头从西边出来啦?”上小学二年级的女儿嘴快,说:“妈妈,是有位阿姨给你寄来了钱和信,爸爸高兴,说是要犒劳你的。
”马兰花看着男人说:“到底咋回事?”男人挠挠头,嘿嘿一笑:“是麻婶的女儿从上海寄来的。
”“信里都说了些啥?”男人从抽屉里取出一张汇款单和一封信,说:“你自己看嘛。
”马兰花接过信,就着灯光看起来。
信中写道:“兰花姐,实在是对不起了。
母亲去世后,我没来得及整理她的东西,就大包小包地运回上海了。
前几天清理母亲的遗物时,我意外地发现了一个小本本,上面记着她借你六百块钱的事,还有借钱的日期。
根据时间推断,我敢肯定,母亲没有还这笔钱。
本来母亲在医院时,你还送了一兜水果过来,可你就是没提母亲借钱的事。
还好我曾经和母亲到你家串过门,记着地址。
不然麻烦可就大了。
汇去一千元,多出来的四百块算是对大姐的一点心意吧。
还有一事,我听母亲说过,大姐一家住的那房子还是租来的,母亲走了,房子我用不上,一时半会儿也卖不了,大姐如果不嫌弃,就搬过去住吧,就当帮我看房子了,钥匙我随后寄去。
”马兰花读着信,读出满眼的泪水……1.下列对这篇小说思想内容与艺术特色的分析和鉴赏,最恰当的两项是(5分)( ) A.马兰花刚从市场接菜回来,三孬就急忙告诉她麻婶生病住院的事,还鼓动她到医院向麻婶女儿要钱,说明三孬好嚼舌,是个搬弄是非的人。
B.马兰花的丈夫因为六百元钱就耿耿于怀,收到一千元的汇款单后又主动为妻子做饭,这些细节惟妙惟肖地写出了这个人物的世故圆滑、反复无常。
C.小说以麻婶女儿来信作为结局,既在意料之外,又在情理之中,不仅呼应了故事留下的悬念,还巧妙地造成了情节的逆转,颇具艺术匠心。
D.小说注重于细微处写人,从上海来信中可以看出,麻婶的女儿是一个通情达理的人,又是一个精明的人,她内心深处很不愿意欠别人的情。
E.发生在马兰花与麻婶两家之间的故事温馨动人,其中也蕴含着作者对当下社会伦理道德和人际关系的忧虑与反思,这是小说的深刻之处。
【解析】选EC。
本题考查对文章内容和表现手法的赏析能力。
本题为多项选择题。
其中A、B、C、D四个选项是对小说相关内容的理解分析,E项是对全文内容的总结和概括。
E项符合小说写作意图,小说重在忧虑与反思,所以是第一正确项,给3分。
C项虽然符合材料意思,但是“呼应了故事留下的悬念”与原文意思的表达稍有出入,所以是第三正确项,给2分。
D项“又是一个精明的人”不太恰当,所以得1分。
A项“三孬好嚼舌,是个搬弄是非的人”与原文不符。
B项“人物的世故圆滑、反复无常”不符合材料的意思。
A、B两项为错误选项,所以均不给分。
2.小说有明暗两条线索,分别是什么?这样处理有什么好处?请简要分析。
(6分)答:【解析】本题考查分析小说结构的能力。
本题涉及小说的全篇。
我们可以从小说结构方面来具体分析,首先,贯串全篇的是马兰花一家面对借款的表现,所以马兰花一家面对借款不同态度的冲突应是表面的线索,即明线。
其次,小说中一直没正面出场的人物麻婶母女,也是值得歌颂的人物形象,她们的还款过程则构成了小说的暗线。
明暗双线的作用要分三个方面回答,分别是人物塑造、情节设置、主题表达。
答案:第一问:明线是马兰花一家为借款而引发的冲突,暗线是麻婶母女的还款过程。
第二问:①设置麻婶母女还款这一暗线,虽然着墨不多,但仍可展现她们的品质,丰富小说的主题;②明暗线索交织,使小说情节更为集中紧凑,突出了主人公的形象。
【评分标准】第一问2分;第二问4分,每点2分。
3.小说在刻画马兰花这个形象时,突出了她的哪些性格特征?请简要分析。
(6分)答:【解析】本题考查理解小说人物形象的能力。
本题考查考生是否能够由表及里,从人物的外部形象深入到人物的精神世界,看到作者塑造人物形象的艺术和对人性的理解。
根据小说场景的转换和叙事情节结构的发展变化,这篇小说主要安排了几个情节来表现马兰花这个人物形象的特点。
首先是在听到麻婶住院的消息后表现出着急,可见其心地善良,富有同情心。
接着写男人催马兰花要钱的情节表现出马兰花重情重义。
再有一个情节就是面对男人对她的责备,她选择了宽容与忍让。
答案:①朴实善良。
听说麻婶的不幸后,不时发呆,并及时到医院探视。
②善解人意。
见麻婶女儿伤心,便不再提借钱的事,丈夫对她不满,她尽量忍让。
③做人有原则。
尽管挣钱不易,但不为钱伤害情义;丈夫言行过分,她会据理力争。
【评分标准】每答出一点给2分。
4.小说三次写马兰花流泪,每次流泪的表现都不同,心情也不一样。
请结合小说内容进行具体分析,并说明这样写有什么效果。
(8分)答:【解析】本题主要考查考生宏观把握整个作品结构及思想主旨的能力,看学生能否理解细节描写与人物形象之间的关系,并从中分析小说的中心和作者的感情。
细节描写能把人物或事物最本质的性状鲜明而又逼真地呈现在读者面前,从而增强作品的真实感和艺术感染力。
具体来说,主要有以下三个方面的作用:突出人物的性格,展示故事情节,升华小说的主旨。
第一次,“马兰花的眼泪在眼眶里打转转”,此段前马兰花的男人指责马兰花不在医院向麻婶要钱,结果无处要钱,马兰花感觉受了委屈。
第二次,马兰花“眼里含着泪”,此段前男人一直斤斤计较那六百块钱,不明人情事理,马兰花流泪表达着不满。
第三次,“马兰花读着信,读出满眼的泪水”,此段前写到了麻婶女儿还钱的来龙去脉,饱含了马兰花的复杂情感,有对麻婶去世的惋惜,对麻婶女儿知恩图报的感动,有对丈夫不再抱怨的释然。
三次描写层层递进,丰富了人物形象,凸显了小说主题。
答案:①第一次是“眼泪在眼眶里打转转”,强忍泪水的背后,是受到丈夫指责后的委屈与隐忍;②第二次是“眼里含着泪”,含着泪水的背后,是对丈夫不明人情事理、斤斤计较的气愤与不满;③最后一次是“满眼的泪水”,满眼泪水的背后,是对麻婶去世的惋惜,对麻婶女儿知恩图报的感激,以及对丈夫终于不再唠叨埋怨的释然。
说明效果:三次描写,层层递进,丰富了马兰花的人物形象,凸显了小说“人间自有真情在”的主题。
【评分标准】具体分析6分,每答出一点给2分;说明效果2分。
说不尽的萤火虫中国有着悠久的萤火虫文化。
早在先秦时期的《诗经》中,萤火虫就成为先民的关注对象,诗中“町畽鹿场,熠耀宵行”就是描述萤火虫的。
古代诗人常借萤火虫抒情达意,唐代杜牧的“银烛秋光冷画屏,轻罗小扇扑流萤”,便是千古绝唱。
“囊萤夜读”的故事家喻户晓,也曾激励过无数学子发奋努力。
现代人是不再需要“囊萤”来夜读了。
到20世纪40年代,科学家受萤火虫发光器的启发,发明出荧光灯。
萤火虫发出的荧光是一种生物光,它不同于其它的光会伴生热量的损耗,是目前已知唯一几乎没有热损耗的光源,因此也叫“冷光源”。
荧光灯的发明大大提高了能源使用率,但与萤火虫的发光率相比还差得太远。
最近,研究人员在研究萤火虫发光器时,还意外发现了一种锯齿状排列的鳞片,它可以提高发光器的亮度。
科学家将其应用在二极管(LED)的设计中,制作出模仿萤火虫发光器天然结构的LED覆盖层,可使其效率提高50%以上。
这种新颖设计可能会在几年内应用在LED生产中。
萤火虫特有的虫荧光素酶基因,在基因工程中也越来越多地作为遗传标记的首选来检测基因表达。
人们不但利用萤火虫的基因检测癌细胞,还利用基因转移技术把萤火虫的基因转移到玉米中,较快地培育出新的具有抗病虫害的玉米新品系。
萤火虫还是血吸虫病的防疫助手,水生萤火虫的幼虫吃包括钉螺在内的螺类,而钉螺正是血吸虫的唯一宿主。
萤火虫体内的腺甙磷酸,可作为一种优异的检测剂来检测水的污染程度。
萤火虫喜欢植被茂盛、水质干净、空气清新的环境,凡是萤火虫种群分布的地区,都是生态环境保护得比较好的地方。
遗憾的是,如今,萤火虫在部分地区已越来越少见。
除了自然天敌外,人类成了萤火虫最大的“天敌”。
美国一些医药公司为了获取萤火虫体内特有的虫荧光素和虫荧光素酶,出价购买萤火虫,导致人们大肆捕捉萤火虫。
在日本,上世纪60年代的工业污染和城市扩张,致使萤火虫幼虫的生存率直线下降。
萤火虫求偶时,雌雄之间会发出特异的闪光信号以吸引异性并交尾。
然而城市的亮光干扰了它们的闪光交流,当萤火虫感知到外界灯光时,就会停止发光、飞行、求偶,最终导致种群减少甚至灭绝。
去年夏季一些城市刮起萤火虫展览热,千里迢迢从外省引入萤火虫,然后在公园放飞。
但萤火虫的很多种类年复一年地在同一个栖息地聚集、交配,即使栖息地遭到破坏,也不会迁往别处。