试卷A
2022年陕西省中考数学试卷(a卷)(解析版)
2022年陕西省中考数学试卷（A卷）（真题）一、选择题（共8小题，每小题3分，计24分．每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的）1．（3分）（2022•陕西）﹣37的相反数是（）A．﹣37 B．37 C．D．2．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，AB∥CD，BC∥EF．若∠1＝58°，则∠2的大小为（）A．120°B．122°C．132°D．148°3．（3分）（2022•陕西）计算：2x•（﹣3x2y3）＝（）A．6x3y3B．﹣6x2y3C．﹣6x3y3D．18x3y34．（3分）（2022•陕西）在下列条件中，能够判定▱ABCD为矩形的是（）A．AB＝AC B．AC⊥BD C．AB＝AD D．AC＝BD 5．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，AD是△ABC的高．若BD＝2CD＝6，tan C＝2，则边AB的长为（）A．3B．3C．3D．66．（3分）（2022•陕西）在同一平面直角坐标系中，直线y＝﹣x+4与y＝2x+m 相交于点P（3，n），则关于x，y的方程组的解为（）A．B．C．D．7．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，△ABC内接于⊙O，∠C＝46°，连接OA，则∠OAB＝（）A．44°B．45°C．54°D．67°8．（3分）（2022•陕西）已知二次函数y＝x2﹣2x﹣3的自变量x1，x2，x3对应的函数值分别为y1，y2，y3．当﹣1＜x1＜0，1＜x2＜2，x3＞3时，y1，y2，y3三者之间的大小关系是（）A．y1＜y2＜y3B．y2＜y1＜y3C．y3＜y1＜y2D．y2＜y3＜y1二、填空题（共5小题，每小题3分，计15分）9．（3分）（2022•陕西）计算：3﹣＝．10．（3分）（2022•陕西）实数a，b在数轴上对应点的位置如图所示，则a﹣b．（填“＞”“＝”或“＜”）11．（3分）（2022•陕西）在20世纪70年代，我国著名数学家华罗庚教授将黄金分割法作为一种“优选法”，在全国大规模推广，取得了很大成果．如图，利用黄金分割法，所作EF将矩形窗框ABCD分为上下两部分，其中E为边AB 的黄金分割点，即BE2＝AE•AB．已知AB为2米，则线段BE的长为米．12．（3分）（2022•陕西）已知点A（﹣2，m）在一个反比例函数的图象上，点A'与点A关于y轴对称．若点A'在正比例函数y＝x的图象上，则这个反比例函数的表达式为．13．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，在菱形ABCD中，AB＝4，BD＝7．若M、N分别是边AD、BC上的动点，且AM＝BN，作ME⊥BD，NF⊥BD，垂足分别为E、F，则ME+NF的值为．三、解答题（共13小题，计81分．解答应写出过程）14．（5分）（2022•陕西）计算：5×（﹣3）+|﹣|﹣（）0．15．（5分）（2022•陕西）解不等式组：．16．（5分）（2022•陕西）化简：（+1）÷．17．（5分）（2022•陕西）如图，已知△ABC，CA＝CB，∠ACD是△ABC的一个外角．请用尺规作图法，求作射线CP，使CP∥AB．（保留作图痕迹，不写作法）18．（5分）（2022•陕西）如图，在△ABC中，点D在边BC上，CD＝AB，DE∥AB，∠DCE＝∠A．求证：DE＝BC．19．（5分）（2022•陕西）如图，△ABC的顶点坐标分别为A（﹣2，3），B（﹣3，0），C（﹣1，﹣1）．将△ABC平移后得到△A'B'C'，且点A的对应点是A'（2，3），点B、C的对应点分别是B'、C'．（1）点A、A'之间的距离是；（2）请在图中画出△A'B'C'．20．（5分）（2022•陕西）有五个封装后外观完全相同的纸箱，且每个纸箱内各装有一个西瓜，其中，所装西瓜的重量分别为6kg，6kg，7kg，7kg，8kg．现将这五个纸箱随机摆放．（1）若从这五个纸箱中随机选1个，则所选纸箱里西瓜的重量为6kg的概率是；（2）若从这五个纸箱中随机选2个，请利用列表或画树状图的方法，求所选两个纸箱里西瓜的重量之和为15kg的概率．21．（6分）（2022•陕西）小明和小华利用阳光下的影子来测量一建筑物顶部旗杆的高．如图所示，在某一时刻，他们在阳光下，分别测得该建筑物OB的影长OC为16米，OA的影长OD为20米，小明的影长FG为2.4米，其中O、C、D、F、G五点在同一直线上，A、B、O三点在同一直线上，且AO⊥OD，EF⊥FG．已知小明的身高EF为1.8米，求旗杆的高AB．22．（7分）（2022•陕西）如图，是一个“函数求值机”的示意图，其中y是x 的函数．下面表格中，是通过该“函数求值机”得到的几组x与y的对应值．输入x…﹣6 ﹣4 ﹣2 0 2 …输出y…﹣6 ﹣2 2 6 16 …根据以上信息，解答下列问题：（1）当输入的x值为1时，输出的y值为；（2）求k，b的值；（3）当输出的y值为0时，求输入的x值．23．（7分）（2022•陕西）某校为了了解本校学生“上周内做家务劳动所用的时间”（简称“劳动时间”）情况，在本校随机调查了100名学生的“劳动时间”，并进行统计，绘制了如下统计表：组别“劳动时间”t/分钟频数组内学生的平均“劳动时间”/分钟A t＜60 8 50B60≤t＜90 16 75C90≤t＜120 40 105D t≥120 36 150根据上述信息，解答下列问题：（1）这100名学生的“劳动时间”的中位数落在组；（2）求这100名学生的平均“劳动时间”；（3）若该校有1200名学生，请估计在该校学生中，“劳动时间”不少于90分钟的人数．24．（8分）（2022•陕西）如图，AB是⊙O的直径，AM是⊙O的切线，AC、CD是⊙O的弦，且CD⊥AB，垂足为E，连接BD并延长，交AM于点P．（1）求证：∠CAB＝∠APB；（2）若⊙O的半径r＝5，AC＝8，求线段PD的长．25．（8分）（2022•陕西）现要修建一条隧道，其截面为抛物线型，如图所示，线段OE表示水平的路面，以O为坐标原点，以OE所在直线为x轴，以过点O 垂直于x轴的直线为y轴，建立平面直角坐标系．根据设计要求：OE＝10m，该抛物线的顶点P到OE的距离为9m．（1）求满足设计要求的抛物线的函数表达式；（2）现需在这一隧道内壁上安装照明灯，如图所示，即在该抛物线上的点A、B处分别安装照明灯．已知点A、B到OE的距离均为6m，求点A、B的坐标．26．（10分）（2022•陕西）问题提出（1）如图1，AD是等边△ABC的中线，点P在AD的延长线上，且AP＝AC，则∠APC的度数为．问题探究（2）如图2，在△ABC中，CA＝CB＝6，∠C＝120°．过点A作AP∥BC，且AP＝BC，过点P作直线l⊥BC，分别交AB、BC于点O、E，求四边形OECA的面积．问题解决（3）如图3，现有一块△ABC型板材，∠ACB为钝角，∠BAC＝45°．工人师傅想用这块板材裁出一个△ABP型部件，并要求∠BAP＝15°，AP＝AC．工人师傅在这块板材上的作法如下：①以点C为圆心，以CA长为半径画弧，交AB于点D，连接CD；②作CD的垂直平分线l，与CD交于点E；③以点A为圆心，以AC长为半径画弧，交直线l于点P，连接AP、BP，得△ABP．请问，若按上述作法，裁得的△ABP型部件是否符合要求？请证明你的结论．2022年陕西省中考数学试卷（A卷）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（共8小题，每小题3分，计24分．每小题只有一个选项是符合题意的）1．（3分）（2022•陕西）﹣37的相反数是（）A．﹣37 B．37 C．D．【分析】根据相反数的意义即可得到结论．【解答】解：﹣37的相反数是﹣（﹣37）＝37，故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查了相反数，熟记相反数的定义是解决问题的关键．2．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，AB∥CD，BC∥EF．若∠1＝58°，则∠2的大小为（）A．120°B．122°C．132°D．148°【分析】根据两直线平行，内错角相等分别求出∠C、∠CGF，再根据平角的概念计算即可．【解答】解：∵AB∥CD，∠1＝58°，∴∠C＝∠1＝58°，∵BC∥EF，∴∠CGF＝∠C＝58°，∴∠2＝180°﹣∠CGF＝180°﹣58°＝122°，故选：B．【点评】本题考查的是平行线的判定和性质，掌握平行线的性质是解题的关键．3．（3分）（2022•陕西）计算：2x•（﹣3x2y3）＝（）A．6x3y3B．﹣6x2y3C．﹣6x3y3D．18x3y3【分析】单项式乘以单项式，首先系数乘以系数，然后相同字母相乘，最后只在一个单项式含有的字母照写．【解答】解：原式＝2×（﹣3）x1+2y3＝﹣6x3y3．故选：C．【点评】本题主要考查了单项式乘单项式，解决本题的关键是掌握单项式乘单项式法则．4．（3分）（2022•陕西）在下列条件中，能够判定▱ABCD为矩形的是（）A．AB＝AC B．AC⊥BD C．AB＝AD D．AC＝BD【分析】由矩形的判定和菱形的判定分别对各个选项进行判断即可．【解答】解：A、▱ABCD中，AB＝AC，不能判定▱ABCD是矩形，故选项A不符合题意；B、∵▱ABCD中，AC⊥BD，∴▱ABCD是菱形，故选项B不符合题意；C、∵▱ABCD中，AB＝AD，∴▱ABCD是菱形，故选项C不符合题意；D、∵▱ABCD中，AC＝BD，∴▱ABCD是矩形，故选项D符合题意；故选：D．【点评】本题考查了矩形的判定、菱形的判定、平行四边形的性质等知识；熟练掌握矩形的判定和菱形的判定是解题的关键．5．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，AD是△ABC的高．若BD＝2CD＝6，tan C＝2，则边AB的长为（）A．3B．3C．3D．6【分析】利用三角函数求出AD＝6，在Rt△ABD中，利用勾股定理可得AB的长．【解答】解：∵2CD＝6，∴CD＝3，∵tan C＝2，∴＝2，∴AD＝6，在Rt△ABD中，由勾股定理得，AB＝，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查了解直角三角形，勾股定理等知识，熟练掌握三角函数的定义是解题的关键．6．（3分）（2022•陕西）在同一平面直角坐标系中，直线y＝﹣x+4与y＝2x+m 相交于点P（3，n），则关于x，y的方程组的解为（）A．B．C．D．【分析】先将点P代入y＝﹣x+4，求出n，即可确定方程组的解．【解答】解：将点P（3，n）代入y＝﹣x+4，得n＝﹣3+4＝1，∴P（3，1），∴关于x，y的方程组的解为，故选：C．【点评】本题考查了一次函数与二元一次方程组的关系，求出两直线的交点坐标是解题的关键．7．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，△ABC内接于⊙O，∠C＝46°，连接OA，则∠OAB ＝（）A．44°B．45°C．54°D．67°【分析】根据圆周角定理可得∠AOB的度数，再进一步根据等腰三角形和三角形的内角和定理可求解．【解答】解：如图，连接OB，∵∠C＝46°，∴∠AOB＝2∠C＝92°，∵OA＝OB，∴∠OAB＝＝44°．故选：A．【点评】此题综合运用了等腰三角形的性质，三角形的内角和定理以及圆周角定理．一条弧所对的圆周角等于它所对的圆心角的一半．8．（3分）（2022•陕西）已知二次函数y＝x2﹣2x﹣3的自变量x1，x2，x3对应的函数值分别为y1，y2，y3．当﹣1＜x1＜0，1＜x2＜2，x3＞3时，y1，y2，y3三者之间的大小关系是（）A．y1＜y2＜y3B．y2＜y1＜y3C．y3＜y1＜y2D．y2＜y3＜y1【分析】先求出抛物线的对称轴为直线x＝1，由于﹣1＜x1＜0，1＜x2＜2，x3＞3，于是根据二次函数的性质可判断y1，y2，y3的大小关系．【解答】解：抛物线的对称轴为直线x＝﹣＝1，∵﹣1＜x1＜0，1＜x2＜2，x3＞3，而抛物线开口向上，∴y2＜y1＜y3．故选B．【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象上点的坐标特征：二次函数图象上点的坐标满足其解析式．确定x1，x2，x3离对称轴的远近是解决本题的关键．二、填空题（共5小题，每小题3分，计15分）9．（3分）（2022•陕西）计算：3﹣＝﹣2 ．【分析】首先利用算术平方根的定义化简，然后加减即可求解．【解答】解：原式＝3﹣5＝﹣2．故答案为：﹣2．【点评】本题主要考查了实数的运算，主要利用算术平方根的定义．10．（3分）（2022•陕西）实数a，b在数轴上对应点的位置如图所示，则a＜﹣b．（填“＞”“＝”或“＜”）【分析】根据正数大于0，0大于负数即可解答．【解答】解：∵b与﹣b互为相反数∴b与﹣b关于原点对称，即﹣b位于3和4之间∵a位于﹣b左侧，∴a＜﹣b，故答案为：＜．【点评】本题考查了有理数大小的比较，解决本题的关键是熟记正数大于0，0大于负数，两个负数比较大小，绝对值大的反而小．11．（3分）（2022•陕西）在20世纪70年代，我国著名数学家华罗庚教授将黄金分割法作为一种“优选法”，在全国大规模推广，取得了很大成果．如图，利用黄金分割法，所作EF将矩形窗框ABCD分为上下两部分，其中E为边AB 的黄金分割点，即BE2＝AE•AB．已知AB为2米，则线段BE的长为﹣1+米．【分析】根据BE2＝AE•AB，建立方程求解即可．【解答】解：∵BE2＝AE•AB，设BE＝x，则AE＝（2﹣x），∵AB＝2，∴x2＝2（2﹣x），即x2+2x﹣4＝0，解得：x1＝﹣1，x2＝﹣1﹣（舍去），∴线段BE的长为（﹣1+）米．故答案为：﹣1+．【点评】本题主要考查了黄金分割，熟练掌握线段之间的关系列出方程是解决本题的关键．12．（3分）（2022•陕西）已知点A（﹣2，m）在一个反比例函数的图象上，点A'与点A关于y轴对称．若点A'在正比例函数y＝x的图象上，则这个反比例函数的表达式为y＝﹣．【分析】根据轴对称的性质得出点A'（2，m），代入y＝x求得m＝1，由点A（﹣2，1）在一个反比例函数的图象上，从而求得反比例函数的解析式．【解答】解：∵点A'与点A关于y轴对称，点A（﹣2，m），∴点A'（2，m），∵点A'在正比例函数y＝x的图象上，∴m＝＝1，∴A（﹣2，1），∵点A（﹣2，1）在一个反比例函数的图象上，∴反比例函数的表达式为y＝﹣，故答案为：y＝﹣．【点评】本题考查了一次函数图象上点的坐标特征，待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式，求得A的坐标是解题的关键．13．（3分）（2022•陕西）如图，在菱形ABCD中，AB＝4，BD＝7．若M、N分别是边AD、BC上的动点，且AM＝BN，作ME⊥BD，NF⊥BD，垂足分别为E、F，则ME+NF的值为．【分析】连接AC交BD于O，根据菱形的性质得到BD⊥AC，OB＝OD＝，OA ＝OC，根据勾股定理求出OA，证明△DEM∽△DOA，根据相似三角形的性质列出比例式，用含AM的代数式表示ME、NF，计算即可．【解答】解：连接AC交BD于O，∵四边形ABCD为菱形，∴BD⊥AC，OB＝OD＝，OA＝OC，由勾股定理得：OA＝＝＝，∵ME⊥BD，AO⊥BD，∴ME∥AO，∴△DEM∽△DOA，∴＝，即＝，解得：ME＝，同理可得：NF＝，∴ME+NF＝，故答案为：．【点评】本题考查的是相似三角形的判定和性质、菱形的性质、勾股定理，掌握相似三角形的判定定理是解题的关键．三、解答题（共13小题，计81分．解答应写出过程）14．（5分）（2022•陕西）计算：5×（﹣3）+|﹣|﹣（）0．【分析】根据有理数混合运算法则计算即可．【解答】解：5×（﹣3）+|﹣|﹣（）0＝﹣15+﹣1＝﹣16+．【点评】此题考查了有理数的混合运算，零指数幂，熟练掌握有理数混合运算的法则是解题的关键．15．（5分）（2022•陕西）解不等式组：．【分析】分别求出每一个不等式的解集，根据口诀：同大取大、同小取小、大小小大中间找、大大小小找不到确定不等式组的解集．【解答】解：由x+2＞﹣1，得：x＞﹣3，由x﹣5≤3（x﹣1），得：x≥﹣1，则不等式组的解集为x≥﹣1．【点评】本题考查的是解一元一次不等式组，正确求出每一个不等式解集是基础，熟知“同大取大；同小取小；大小小大中间找；大大小小找不到”的原则是解答此题的关键．16．（5分）（2022•陕西）化简：（+1）÷．【分析】根据分式混合运算的法则计算即可．【解答】解：（+1）÷＝•＝＝a+1．【点评】本题考查了分式混合运算，熟练掌握运算法则是解题的关键．17．（5分）（2022•陕西）如图，已知△ABC，CA＝CB，∠ACD是△ABC的一个外角．请用尺规作图法，求作射线CP，使CP∥AB．（保留作图痕迹，不写作法）【分析】利用尺规作图作出∠ACD的平分线，得到射线CP．【解答】解：如图，射线CP即为所求．【点评】本题考查的是尺规作图、平行线的判定，能够利用基本尺规作图作出已知角的角平分线是解题的关键．18．（5分）（2022•陕西）如图，在△ABC中，点D在边BC上，CD＝AB，DE∥AB，∠DCE＝∠A．求证：DE＝BC．【分析】利用平行线的性质得∠EDC＝∠B，再利用ASA证明△CDE≌△ABC，可得结论．【解答】证明：∵DE∥AB，∴∠EDC＝∠B，在△CDE和△ABC中，，∴△CDE≌△ABC（ASA），∴DE＝BC．【点评】本题主要考查了平行线的性质，全等三角形的判定与性质等知识，熟练掌握全等三角形的判定与性质是解题的关键．19．（5分）（2022•陕西）如图，△ABC的顶点坐标分别为A（﹣2，3），B（﹣3，0），C（﹣1，﹣1）．将△ABC平移后得到△A'B'C'，且点A的对应点是A'（2，3），点B、C的对应点分别是B'、C'．（1）点A、A'之间的距离是 4 ；（2）请在图中画出△A'B'C'．【分析】（1）根据两点间的距离公式即可得到结论；（2）根据平移的性质作出图形即可．【解答】解：（1）∵A（﹣2，3），A'（2，3），∴点A、A'之间的距离是2﹣（﹣2）＝4，故答案为：4；（2）如图所示，△A'B'C'即为所求．【点评】本题考查作图﹣平移变换，解题的关键是掌握平移变换的性质．20．（5分）（2022•陕西）有五个封装后外观完全相同的纸箱，且每个纸箱内各装有一个西瓜，其中，所装西瓜的重量分别为6kg，6kg，7kg，7kg，8kg．现将这五个纸箱随机摆放．（1）若从这五个纸箱中随机选1个，则所选纸箱里西瓜的重量为6kg的概率是；（2）若从这五个纸箱中随机选2个，请利用列表或画树状图的方法，求所选两个纸箱里西瓜的重量之和为15kg的概率．【分析】（1）直接由概率公式求解即可；（2）画树状图，共有20种等可能的结果，其中所选两个纸箱里西瓜的重量之和为15kg的结果有4种，再由概率公式求解即可．【解答】解：（1）若从这五个纸箱中随机选1个，则所选纸箱里西瓜的重量为6kg的概率是，故答案为：；（2）画树状图如下：共有20种等可能的结果，其中所选两个纸箱里西瓜的重量之和为15kg的结果有4种，∴所选两个纸箱里西瓜的重量之和为15kg的概率为＝．【点评】此题考查的是用树状图法求概率．树状图法可以不重复不遗漏的列出所有可能的结果，适合两步或两步以上完成的事件；解题时要注意此题是放回试验还是不放回试验．用到的知识点为：概率＝所求情况数与总情况数之比．21．（6分）（2022•陕西）小明和小华利用阳光下的影子来测量一建筑物顶部旗杆的高．如图所示，在某一时刻，他们在阳光下，分别测得该建筑物OB的影长OC为16米，OA的影长OD为20米，小明的影长FG为2.4米，其中O、C、D、F、G五点在同一直线上，A、B、O三点在同一直线上，且AO⊥OD，EF⊥FG．已知小明的身高EF为1.8米，求旗杆的高AB．【分析】先证明△AOD∽△EFG，列比例式可得AO的长，再证明△BOC∽△AOD，可得OB的长，最后由线段的差可得结论．【解答】解：∵AD∥EG，∴∠ADO＝∠EGF，∵∠AOD＝∠EFG＝90°，∴△AOD∽△EFG，∴＝，即＝，∴AO＝15，同理得△BOC∽△AOD，∴＝，即＝，∴BO＝12，∴AB＝AO﹣BO＝15﹣12＝3（米），答：旗杆的高AB是3米．【点评】本题考查相似三角形的判定与性质等知识，解题的关键掌握相似三角形的判定，属于中考常考题型．22．（7分）（2022•陕西）如图，是一个“函数求值机”的示意图，其中y是x 的函数．下面表格中，是通过该“函数求值机”得到的几组x与y的对应值．输入x…﹣6 ﹣4 ﹣2 0 2 …输出y…﹣6 ﹣2 2 6 16 …根据以上信息，解答下列问题：（1）当输入的x值为1时，输出的y值为8 ；（2）求k，b的值；（3）当输出的y值为0时，求输入的x值．【分析】（1）把x＝1代入y＝8x，即可得到结论；（2）将（﹣2，2）（0，6）代入y＝kx+b解方程即可得到结论；（3）解方程即可得到结论．【解答】解：（1）当输入的x值为1时，输出的y值为y＝8x＝8×1＝8，故答案为：8；（2）将（﹣2，2）（0，6）代入y＝kx+b得，解得；（3）令y＝0，由y＝8x得0＝8x，∴x＝0＜1（舍去），由y＝2x+6，得0＝2x+6，∴x＝﹣3＜1，∴输出的y值为0时，输入的x值为﹣3．【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求一次函数的解析式，函数值，正确地求得函数的解析式是解题的关键．23．（7分）（2022•陕西）某校为了了解本校学生“上周内做家务劳动所用的时间”（简称“劳动时间”）情况，在本校随机调查了100名学生的“劳动时间”，并进行统计，绘制了如下统计表：组别“劳动时间”t/分钟频数组内学生的平均“劳动时间”/分钟A t＜60 8 50B60≤t＜90 16 75C90≤t＜120 40 105D t≥120 36 150根据上述信息，解答下列问题：（1）这100名学生的“劳动时间”的中位数落在C组；（2）求这100名学生的平均“劳动时间”；（3）若该校有1200名学生，请估计在该校学生中，“劳动时间”不少于90分钟的人数．【分析】（1）利用中位数的定义解答即可；（2）根据平均数的定义解答即可；（3）用样本估计总体即可．【解答】解：（1）（2）把100名学生的“劳动时间”从小到大排列，排在中间的两个数均在C组，故这100名学生的“劳动时间”的中位数落在C组，故答案为：C；（2）＝×（50×8+75×16+105×40+105×36）＝112（分钟），答：这100名学生的平均“劳动时间”为112分钟；（3）1200×＝912（人），答：估计在该校学生中，“劳动时间”不少于90分钟的人数为912人．【点评】本题考查了频数（率）分布表．从频数（率）分布表中得到必要的信息是解决问题的关键．用到的知识点为：总体数目＝部分数目÷相应百分比．24．（8分）（2022•陕西）如图，AB是⊙O的直径，AM是⊙O的切线，AC、CD是⊙O的弦，且CD⊥AB，垂足为E，连接BD并延长，交AM于点P．（1）求证：∠CAB＝∠APB；（2）若⊙O的半径r＝5，AC＝8，求线段PD的长．【分析】（1）根据平行线的判定和切线的性质解答即可；（2）通过添加辅助线，构造出直角三角形，利用勾股定理和相似三角形的判定和性质解答即可．【解答】（1）证明：∵AM是⊙O的切线，∴∠BAM＝90°，∵∠CEA＝90°，∴AM∥CD，∴∠CDB＝∠APB，∵∠CAB＝∠CDB，∴∠CAB＝∠APB．（2）解：如图，连接AD，∵AB是直径，∴∠CDB+∠ADC＝90°，∵∠CAB+∠∠C＝90°，∠CDB＝∠CAB，∴∠ADC＝∠C，∴AD＝AC＝8，∵AB＝10，∴BD＝6，∵∠BAD+∠DAP＝90°，∠PAD+∠APD＝90°，∴∠APB＝∠DAB，∵∠BDA＝∠BAP∴△ADB∽△PAB，∴＝，∴PB＝＝＝，∴DP＝﹣6＝．故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查了切线的性质定理，勾股定理，相似三角形的判定和性质，熟练掌握这些性质定理是解题的关键．25．（8分）（2022•陕西）现要修建一条隧道，其截面为抛物线型，如图所示，线段OE表示水平的路面，以O为坐标原点，以OE所在直线为x轴，以过点O 垂直于x轴的直线为y轴，建立平面直角坐标系．根据设计要求：OE＝10m，该抛物线的顶点P到OE的距离为9m．（1）求满足设计要求的抛物线的函数表达式；（2）现需在这一隧道内壁上安装照明灯，如图所示，即在该抛物线上的点A、B处分别安装照明灯．已知点A、B到OE的距离均为6m，求点A、B的坐标．【分析】（1）设抛物线的解析式为y＝a（x﹣5）2+9，把（0，0）代入，可得a＝﹣，即可解决问题；（2）把y＝6，代入抛物线的解析式，解方程可得结论．【解答】解：（1）由题意抛物线的顶点P（5，9），∴可以假设抛物线的解析式为y＝a（x﹣5）2+9，把（0，0）代入，可得a＝﹣，∴抛物线的解析式为y＝﹣（x﹣5）2+9；（2）令y＝6，得﹣（x﹣5）2+9＝6，解得x1＝+5，x2＝﹣+5，∴A（5﹣，6），B（5+，6）．【点评】本题考查二次函数的应用，待定系数法，一元二次方程等知识，解题的关键是熟练掌握待定系数法，属于中考常考题型．26．（10分）（2022•陕西）问题提出（1）如图1，AD是等边△ABC的中线，点P在AD的延长线上，且AP＝AC，则∠APC的度数为75°．问题探究（2）如图2，在△ABC中，CA＝CB＝6，∠C＝120°．过点A作AP∥BC，且AP＝BC，过点P作直线l⊥BC，分别交AB、BC于点O、E，求四边形OECA的面积．问题解决（3）如图3，现有一块△ABC型板材，∠ACB为钝角，∠BAC＝45°．工人师傅想用这块板材裁出一个△ABP型部件，并要求∠BAP＝15°，AP＝AC．工人师傅在这块板材上的作法如下：①以点C为圆心，以CA长为半径画弧，交AB于点D，连接CD；②作CD的垂直平分线l，与CD交于点E；③以点A为圆心，以AC长为半径画弧，交直线l于点P，连接AP、BP，得△ABP．请问，若按上述作法，裁得的△ABP型部件是否符合要求？请证明你的结论．【分析】（1）根据等边三角形的性质得到AB＝AC，∠BAC＝60°，根据等腰三角形的三线合一得到∠PAC＝30°，根据三角形内角和定理、等腰三角形的性质计算，得到答案；（2）连接PB，证明四边形PBCA为菱形，求出PB，解直角三角形求出BE、PE、OE，根据三角形的面积公式计算即可；（3）过点A作CD的平行线，过点D作AC的平行线，两条平行线交于点F，根据线段垂直平分线的性质得到PA＝PF，根据等边三角形的性质得到∠PAF ＝60°，进而求出∠BAP＝15°，根据要求判断即可．【解答】解：（1）∵△ABC为等边三角形，∴AB＝AC，∠BAC＝60°，∵AD是等边△ABC的中线，∴∠PAC＝∠BAC＝30°，∵AP＝AC，∴∠APC＝×（180°﹣30°）＝75°，故答案为：75°；（2）如图2，连接PB，∵AP∥BC，AP＝BC，∴四边形PBCA为平行四边形，∵CA＝CB，∴平行四边形PBCA为菱形，∴PB＝AC＝6，∠PBC＝180°﹣∠C＝60°，∴BE＝PB•cos∠PBC＝3，BE＝PB•sin∠PBC＝3，∵CA＝CB，∠C＝120°，∴∠ABC＝30°，∴OE＝BE•tan∠ABC＝，∴S四边形OECA＝S△ABC﹣S△OBE＝×6×3﹣×3×＝；（3）符合要求，理由如下：如图3，过点A作CD的平行线，过点D作AC的平行线，两条平行线交于点F，∵CA＝CD，∠DAC＝45°，∴∠ACD＝90°，∴四边形FDCA为正方形，∵PE是CD的垂直平分线，∴PE是AF的垂直平分线，∴PF＝PA，∵AP＝AC，∴PF＝PA＝AF，∴△PAF为等边三角形，∴∠PAF＝60°，∴∠BAP＝60°﹣45°＝15°，∴裁得的△ABP型部件符合要求．【点评】本题考查的是正方形的性质、菱形的性质、等腰三角形的性质、线段垂直平分线的性质，得出△PAF为等边三角形是解题的关键．。
培训试卷A卷含答案
A：消防设施 B：个体防护 C：电器件 答案：C 解析： .元素分析室内加热设备下必须放置。o（2分） A：隔热材料 B：缓冲垫 C：泡沫 答案：C 解析： .间距小于。的两个平行巷道中的一个巷道工作面需进行爆破时,应通知相邻巷道工作面的作业人员撤到安全地点 。（2分） A：I。m B：20m
C：25m 答案：B 解析： .元素分析室内通风不良、有害气体超标时应先通风。后方可作业。（2分） A：5min B：I。min C：15min 答案：B 解析： .生产经营单位对承包、承租单位的事故隐患排查治理负有（）的职责。（2分） A：统一协调和监督管理 B：现场监管 C：定期监督检查 答案：A
答案：C 解析： 三、多选题 .报告事故应包括以下（）内容。（2分） A：事故发生的时间、地点及事故现场情况 B：事故简要经过 C：事故造成的伤亡人数 D：事故发生单位概况 答案：ABCD 解析： .关于元素分析室内化学品储存正确的是。o（2分） A：化学品分类、分区域储存。 B：设置专职库管员 C：剩余药品随便处理
解析： .用人单位应当按照国家有关规定安排职业病病人进行治疗、康复。 （2分） A.正确B.错误 答案：A.正确 解析： .井下通风条件好的地方可以干打眼作业。（）（2分） A.正确B.错误 答案：B,错误 解析： .疑似职业病病人在诊断、医学观察期间的费用由用人单位承担。（2分） A.正确B.错误 答案：A.正确 解析：
解析： .操作强酸强碱及挥发有害性气体时，需佩戴。（2分） A：防毒口罩 B：3M防尘口罩 C：普通口罩 答案：A 解析： .经营单位应当在较大危险因素的生产经营场所和有关设备、设施上，设置明显的。（2分） A：安全宣传标语 B：安全宣教挂图 C：安全警示标志 答案：C 解析： .元素分析室作业人员作业前应先。（2分）
《大学语文》A试题
四川理工学院成人高等教育《大学语文》试卷（A卷）年级专业层次注意事项：1.满分100分。
要求卷面整洁、字迹工整、无错别字。
2.考生必须将“学生姓名”和“学号”完整、准确、清楚地填写在试卷规定的地方，否则视为废卷。
3.考生必须在签到表上签到，否则若出现遗漏，后果自负。
一、(20分，每小题2分)1．下列词语中加点字的读音完全相同的一组是（）A．清澈．覆辙．撤．除风驰电掣．天寒地坼．B．饯．别践．约兽槛．剑．拔弩张前车之鉴．C．蓦．然膜．拜抹．杀漠．不关心秣．马厉兵D．缜．密箴．言甄．别百福并臻．忠贞．不渝2．下列词语加点的字的注音全部正确的一项（）A．蕴．蓄（yùn）一曝．十寒（pù）煦．暖（xù）非分．之想（fân）B．着．想（zhuó）冠．冕堂皇（guàn）裨．益（bì）厉兵秣．马（mâ）C．恪．守（kâ）屏．气凝神（bǐng）粘．贴（nián）夜阑．人静（lán）D．麻痹．（pì）宽宏大度．（dù）埋．怨（mán）垂涎．欲滴（xián）3．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．撤手锏珠联璧合融会贯通冒天下之大不违B．鸿门宴囤积居奇心猿意马口惠而实不至C．押轴戏残羹冷炙稗官野史事实胜于雄辨D．绊脚石嘘寒问暖光竿司令胜不骄，败不绥4．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．付出入不敷出浮浅认识肤浅B．沿袭沿木求鱼恬静恬不知耻C．涣散焕然冰释叠翠高潮迭起D．截流开源截流启示征文启事5．依次填入下面横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）（1）在欧元区十二国中，作为龙头老大的德国经济的低迷，很可能_______其他国家。
（2）新任市长每天都会接到大量的群众来信，即使工作再忙，他也_______作出答复。
（3）严格地讲，语言和文化的关系，不是一般的并列关系，_______部分和整体的对峙关系，_______说是点面对峙的关系。
期末试卷及答案(A卷)-《广告实务》(李政敏主编)[5页]
![期末试卷及答案(A卷)-《广告实务》(李政敏主编)[5页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5c697db13b3567ec112d8a14.png)
教材名称：广告实务（第四版）主编：李政敏、贾晓松期末试卷A卷一、判断题（每小题1分，共10分。
对的在括号中划“√”，错的划“×”。
）1.广告目标必须是一个量化指标( )2.广告与一般宣传都是一样的广而告之( )3.以产品品牌形象为诉求点一般在产品生命成长期使用（）4.目标消费群在某种意义说来等于广告目标受众群（）5.广告创意就是打破常规思维方式，想怎么想就怎么想（）6. USP是指奥格威提出的品牌形象论（）7.广告目标必须是对销售额负责任（）8.在市场调查公司购买媒体数据是对媒体进行调查的一种方式（）9.创意简报是指导广告公司创作部进行创意创作纲领性文件（）10.广告定位只考虑产品属性（）二、名词解释：（每小题5分，共30分）1．广告策划2．广告策略3．广告创意4．名人广告策略5．水平思考法6. .广告文案三、问答题（共30分）1.广告市场调查现实意义有哪些？(10分)2.广告标题与广告口号有什么不同？(10分)3.简诉广告创意基本过程？(10分)四、论述题(13分)论广告创意策略五、技能题(共17分)（1）创作任意产品30秒的影视广告文案，该产品可以是现实中的某一品牌，也可以是自己模拟一个产品品牌，并赋予产品品牌某一特点作为广告的诉求. （10 分）要求：1、要有创意说明，每个画面的表达要紧紧围绕诉求2、一般使用11—13个镜头3、每个镜头要附有镜头语言（2）“企业不做广告万万不行，做了广告未必就行”你认为这句话对吗，请谈谈你的看法（7分）A卷答案一、判断题（每小题1分，共10分。
对的在括号中划“√”，错的划“×”。
）1.(√)2. (√)3. (√)4.( √)5.(×)6.(×)7.(×)8.(√) 9.( √) 10.(×)二、名词解释：（每小题5分，共30分）1、对广告的整体战略与策略的运筹规划。
它是对提出广告决策、实施广告决策、检验广告决策的全过程作预先的考虑与设想。
大学英语(四)A-卷【考试试卷答案】
大学英语（四）课程考试A 卷 适用于；考试日期：； 试卷所需时间：120分钟 闭卷；试卷A 总分：100分。
Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points) Section A Short Conversations ( 10 points) Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, one question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 1. A. 3 blocks ahead. B. On the 3rd Street. C. At the 3rd Avenue. D. On the 5th Street. 2. A. To punish him. B. To pick him up. C. To reward him. D. To ignore him. 3. A. Theater. B. Restaurant. C. Airport. D. Train station. 4. A. She doesn ’t like either of them. B. John copied it from Jim. C. Jim copied it from John. D. One is the copy from the other. 5. A. Peter is going to fly to New York. B. Peter is going to fly to London next week. C. Peter went to London last week. D. Peter will stay in New York. 6. A. He feels Mike did a good thing. B. He doesn ’t think Mike should move. C. H e thinks it’s better to invest later. D. He doesn ’t think Mike should invest money on stocks. 7. A. Go to a movie. B. Go to her classes. C. Shop for some clothes. D. Buy some new glasses. 8. A. Because he doesn ’t have a TV . B. Because he hates to be bothered. C. B ecause he isn’t watching TV . D. Because he doesn ’t like any of the programs. 9. A. $ 100. B. $ 150. C. $ 200. D. $ 250. 10. A. She likes classical music. B. She needs 100 records. C. She prefers to have the same house I have. D. She is a jazz fan. Section B Long Conversation ( 5 points) Directions: In this section, you will hear one long conversation. At the end of the conversation, some questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 11. A. It ’s expensive. B. They are celebrating a birthday. C. It was recommended by a friend. D. They had dinner here before. 12. A. She wants to check the price. B. She wants to see if the menu is in French. C. She is in a hurry to eat. D. She spends a long time choosing her food. 13. A. A year. B. Only a minute. C. A month. D. A long time. 14. A. Snails are not on the menu. B. The restaurant doesn ’t have any left. C. They want shrimp cocktail instead. D. They are afraid of getting sick. 15. A. French cheese and white wine. B. Seafood. C. Duck. D. Salad and French cheese. Section C Passage ( 5 points) Directions: In this section, you will hear one short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre. 16. A. On TV . B. On the radio C. In the newspaper. D. In a magazine 17. A. A scientific research. B. An invention. C. A visit to a scientist. D. A prize for some scientific discovery.18. A. Unpleasant. B. Cooperative. C. Sympathetic. D. Doubtful. 19. A. He refuted him. B. He went to the library. C. He went to the TV station D. He changed his major 20. A. After the age of 50. B. After the age of 30. C. Between the ages of 25 and 30. D. Between the ages of 30 and 50. Section D ( 10 points) Directions: In this section, you will hear a VOA Special English Report three times, and then fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear from the recording. We answered a question last week about how American college students findjobs after they (21)_________________. Now, we discuss foreign graduates. The院系： 班级： 姓名：学号：考场地点装订线(22)________________ for employing foreign workers in the United States is long. It involves different government agencies. It also involves (23)_____________________________________. For example, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act that President Obama signed into law in February dealt with this issue. It included conditions against foreign workers displacing qualified Americans at companies that (24)________________________________. Job (25)______________ have slowed in some industries. But the economic downturn has cost millions of jobs and recovery will take some time. Foreign graduates need a job (26)________________ to get an H-1B visa. This is a (27)_________________ visa for work in the person’s area of specialty. The employer is the one who (28)_______________ for it. The visa is good for 3 years and may be extended for another 3 years. Cheryl Gilman directs visa services at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. She noted that H-1B visas were still (29)_________________ for next year. This tells her that the recession is preventing employers from (30)_________________ as many foreign nationals as they have in the past. Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points) Section A Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One As people generally use the word “honor ” they do not do so in the context of thinking about moral virtue. As a result they often confuse honor with fame. A virtuous person is an honorable person, a person who ought to be honored by the community in which he or she lives. But the virtuous person does not seek honor, being secure in his or her own self-respect. Lack of honor does not detract from the efficacy of moral virtue as an operative factor in the pursuit of happiness —as a means to leading a good human life. Virtuous persons may be considered fortunate if their virtue is recognized and publicly applauded. Persons lacking moral virtue can achieve fame as readily as, or perhaps more easily than, those who have a high degree of moral virtue. Fame belongs to the great, the outstanding, and the exceptional, without regard to their virtue or lack of it. Infamy is fame, no less than popularity. The great scoundrel can be as famous as the great hero. There can be famous villains as well as famous saints. Existing in the reputation a person has, regardless of his or her accomplishments, fame does not tarnish as honor does when it is unmerited. We normally desire the esteem of our fellow human beings, but is not this wish for the esteem of others a desire for fame rather than for honor? A virtuous person will not seek fame or be unhappy for lack of it. For fame can be enjoyed by bad men and women, as well as good. When it is enjoyed by virtuous persons without being sought by them, it is not distinguishable from honor, for then it is deserved. 31. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. A virtuous person achieves both honor and fame. B. A virtuous person does not seek honor or fame. C. Honor and fame are different concepts. D. Honor and fame are not distinguishable. 32. A virtuous person leads a good human life by means of _________. A. presuming happiness B. achieving moral virtue C. seeking honor D. seeking fame 33. What tends to tarnish with time? A. The reputation a person has. B. A high degree of moral virtue. C. A person ’s accomplishments. D. Honor that is undeserved. 34. Fame differs from honor in that _______. A. bad men and women can enjoy fame B. the great people can enjoy fame C. fame can fade in color D. virtuous persons will not seek fame 35. Which of the following statements is TURE? A. A virtuous person deserves honor. B. A famous person deserves honor. C. A virtuous person is publicly identified. D. A famous person has great accomplishments. Passage Two If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you s ay to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …”, what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.院系：班级： 姓名：学号：考场地点装订线Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement. These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not. 36. If a mother adds “but” to an apology, _______. A. she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized B. she does not realize that the child has been hurt C. the child may find the apology easier to accept D. the child may feel that he owes her an apology 37. According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “_______”. A. You have good reason to get upset B. I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame C. I apologize for hurting your feelings D. I’m at fault for making you upset 38. It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because _______. A. it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B. it may make the other person feel guilty C. it is vague and ineffective D. it is hurtful and insulting 39. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _______. A. the complexities involved should be ignored B. their ages should be taken into account C. parents need to set them a good example D. parents should be patient and tolerant 40. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _______. A. a social issue calling for immediate attention B. not necessary among family membersC. a sign of social progressD. not as simple as it seems Section B: Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Blanks 41 to 50 are based on the following passage. There are two factors which determine an individual ’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ 41 , some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, a (an)42 will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor in what happens to the individual is the sort of environment in which he is 43 . If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop. And he will never 44 the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual ’s intelligence can be 45 by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brain at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in 46 foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor 47 opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be 48 intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to 49 their intelligence. Mark ’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the 50 , and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have scored at roughly the same level.院系： 班级： 姓名：学号：考场地点装订线Part III Vocabulary and Structure (10 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence. 51. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 52. Would you like a cup of coffee ____shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 53. Not until all the fish died in the river ____how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize 54. I ____that we would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look difficult. A. hoped B. was hoping C. had hoped D. am hoping 55. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to ____the habit of smoking. A. make up B. turn up C. draw up D. pick up 56. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to____honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones. A. distinguish B. disguise C. dissolve D. discount 57. According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal's most memorable facial____. A. feature B. hint C. spot D. signature 58. It's good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually ____from the Bible. A. acquire B. obtain C. derive D. result 59. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no____ to go to the party with us. A. taste B. mood C. sense D. emotion 60. There is already clear ____to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change. A. witness B. certification C. identity D. evidence 61. Last year the advertising rate ____ by 20 percent. A. raised B. aroused C. arose D. rose 62. The student was just about to ______ the question, when suddenly he found the answer. A. arrive at B. submit to C. give in D. work out 63. Suddenly she grabbed her stomach and ______. A. threw away B. threw in C. threw up D. threw off 64. They have brought her out of the operating room, but she ’s not fully ____ yet. A. cautious B. conscience C. conscious D. confused 65. He _____ the job because it involved too much traveling. A. turns in B. turns out C. turns over D. turns down 66.To some _______, Mary still does not understand this unit. But she herself does not believe so. A. extend B. part C. extent D. content 67. He checked carefully to _______ the possible errors in his design. A. eliminate B. exceed C. enlarge D. vibrate 68. What we need to learn is how to put theory into _______ when we begin our fieldwork here. A. appearance B. application C. accomplish D. achievement 69. Jack is _______ of stealing the books from the library. A. accused B. witnessed C. strained D. found 70. The Foreign Minister made an excellent _______ on the current international situation. A. committee B. command C. comment D. commission Part IV Translation (15 points) Translate the following sentences into English. 71. 我从未受过正式培训,我只是边干边学. 72. 随着年龄越来越大,你应该考虑未来的计划。
《美国文学》期末考试试卷（A卷）
《美国⽂学》期末考试试卷（A卷）适⽤班级060511-3 考试时间 120 分钟学院班级学号姓名Ⅰ. Choose TEN of the following works and write the names of the authors. (10%)1. Octopus ( )2. Maggie, A Girl of the Streets ( )3. Babbitt ( )4. White Fang ( )5. “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” ( )6. My Antonia ( )7. “Birches” ( )8. Poor Richard’s Almanac ( )9. Light in August ( )10. Twice Told Tales ( )11. The Declaration of Independence ( )12. “Rip Van Winkle ”( )13. Nature ( )14. The Song of Hiawatha ( )15. Uncle Tom ’s Cabin ( )16. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ( )17. Sister Carrie( )18. The Waste Land( )19. For Whom the Bell Tolls ( )20. The Emperor Jones ( )(10%)1._________________________was one of the founders of theJamestown colony in Virginia in 1607 and is known for his work describing the colonies.2.__________________________was a determined revolutionary whosework helped the cause of the American Revolution considerably, but who lost his popularity long before his death.3.The term refers to the group of people, some of themimportant to American literature (especially secular essay writing), who led the American Revolution and helped create the early American Republic.4.________________________was an early form of horror fiction thatoriginated in 18th century Europe and was very popular in America during the Romantic Period.5._____________________________, known for her deeply personalpoems and radically different poetic themes and form, didn’t achieve fame as a poet until long after her death.6.The first of American literature was not written by an American, but by___________________, a British captain, who thus became the first American writer.7. _________________ has been entitled the “Father of AmericanPoetry.8._______________________was the first great prose stylist ofAmerican romanticism, author of the first American short stories and familiar essays , the first American author to achieve international distinction, and has a significant position in the history of American literature.9._____________________is the first American professional writer andthe first writer of the detective story in the world.10._______________________is also called novel of the road, it stringsthe incidents on the line of the hero’s travel.Ⅲ. Choose only one answer form the four choices as themost appropriate answer. (30%)1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became know as the “______” who appeared in America.A Ninth MuseB Tenth MuseC Best MuseD First Muse2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature.A purple proseB waste-land imageryC local colorD symbolism3. The first great flourishing of African American literature that appealed to a relatively large literate Black readership wasknown as_____.A The HolocaustB The Harlem RenaissanceC AbolitionismD The Civil Rights Movement4. _______ was a leading 19th century feminist and one of the core members of the Transcendentalist movement.A Margaret FullerB Sylvia PlathC Hilda DoolittleD Gloria Stein5. Which of the following is not typical of modern poetry?A gushing sentimentalism and comfortable imagesB abandonment of earlier verse formsC use of free verseD an effort to find and/or explore a new role for the poet in a changing world6. Who was perhaps the most popular of all 20th century American poets?A Ezra PoundB Walt WhitmanC Robert FrostD Allen Ginsburg7. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as_______.A The Jazz AgeB The Gilded AgeC The Roaring AgeD The Beat Age8. Which is true of the “Fireside Poets”?A They were generally strongly in favor of abolishing slavery.B They were deeply involved in the Transcendentalist movement.C They were a group of 19th century New England poets who weretremendously popular and respected at the time they wrote.D They opposed to tradition and were in favor of radical change.9. Ernest Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse. These two persons later became the characters of his novel ________.A The Old Man and the SeaB For Whom the Bell TollsC The Sun Also RisesD A Farewell to Arms10. The Brahmists or Boston Brahmi, in American literature, refers to _______.A The highest ranking of the Hindu castes.B A movement that emerged from rebellion against Puritan religious ideas and systems.C A group of New England writers known for their scholarship and/or conservative philosophy.D A school of imaginative writing.11. Which of the following is one of Ben Franklin’s famous proverbs?A “A stitch in time saves nine”B “God helps those who help themselves”C “A Friend in need is a friend indeed”D “Ask not who the bell tolls, the bell tolls for thee”12. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment.A RomanticismB RealismC NaturalismD Modernism13. Although few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry.A Anne BradstreetB Gertrude SteinC Emily DickinsonD Amy Lowell14. Which of the following writers died a natural death in his old age?A Jack LondonB Ernest HemingwayC Stephen CraneD Mark Twain15. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet?A Henry Wordsworth LongfellowB Amy LowellC Ezra PoundD Robert FrostIV. Choose TEN of the following and decide whether thestatements are true or false. (10%)1.Hawthorne was a firm believer in Puritan principles and mourned theirpassing in his works.2.Frederick Douglas was a major 19th century black writer.3.The sou nd of Whitman’s words casts a magic, romantic spell overreaders. His tone is awesome, sad and melancholy.4.Haiku, a form of traditional Japanese poetry, greatly influenced theImagist movement.5.Leaves of Grass is Whitman’s life work.6.Thanks in part to the efforts of Ezra Pound, Robert Frost was publishedin England and quickly became recognized as a major American poet. 7.In 1954, T. S. Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize for his “mastery of theart of modern narration.”8.Hemingway believed that a man could find meaning in life by facing hisdeath with dignity and courage.9.Thomas Jefferson was famous for powerful, persuasive essays, such ashis pamphlet Common Sense, which persuaded many people to support the American Revolution.10.William Hill Brown’s The Power of Sympathy, written in 1789, is oftencalled “the first American novel”.11.The literary movement of American romanticism was generally dividedinto two stages: pre-romanticism and post-romanticism.12.Realists thought highly of individual status and role in the world. Theromanticists preferred the innate or intuitive perception by the heart of man. They thought that man was essentially of goodwill, only the civilized society made him degenerate. They pointed out, the means to uproot evils and to save mankind was habits, and to return to “natural primitive state”.13.The Scarlet Letter is called an economical novel because there are onlythree chief characters-or four if we include the child Pearl.14.President Lincoln praised Anne Bradstreet as “the little woman whowrote the book that made this great war.”15.Edgar Allan Poe wrote two poems both entitled “ To Helen”.16.Literary naturalism may be regarded as the new development of literaryrealism, and was sometimes called “pessimistic realism.”The naturalistic writers were philosophical pessimists.17.Hemingway, Pound, Cummings, Dos Passos, and Fitzgerald, belong tothe school of “Beat Generation”.18.F. Scott Fitzgerald is called the leader and poet laureate of the Jazz Agewho wrote the novels of the Jazz Age.19.Yoknapatawpha saga is a name for John Steinbeck’s novels.20.“Thanatopsis”is a word Bryant borrowed from Latin meaning“meditation on death”.the questions. (20%)Passage 1The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem? _______________(1%)2.What is the title of this poem? _______________(1%)3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are“modern”? (2%)4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem?And what feeling and meaning does the poem express to you? (2%)Passage 2It was late and everyone had left the caféexcept an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by .(2%)2.Why does the old man get drunk every night and why did he commitsuicide? (2%)3.What does the young waiter think of the old man and how does he treathim? (3%)Passage 3I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the es-sential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.Questions:1.This passage is taken from a famous work entitled _________ . (1%)2.The author of the work is____________ . (1%)3.List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going tolive in the woods. (5%)Passage 4But, on one side of the portal（⼊⼝），and rooted almost at the threshold, was a wild rose-bush, covered, in this month of June, with its delicate gems, which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:1.This part is from the novel , written by .(2%)2.What does “the wild rose bush” symbolize according to your opinion?(5%)Passage 5It was many and many a year ago,In a kingdom by the sea,That a maiden there lived whom you may know.By the name of Annabel Lee; —And this maiden she lived with no other thoughtThan to love and be loved by me.Questions:1.The stanza is taken from the poem________________?(1%)2.The author of the poem is____________ . (1%)3.What is the most obvious rhetorical device the author uses for effect?(4%)Passage 6Thou hast an house on high erect,Framed by that mighty Architect,With glory richly furnished,Stands permanent though this be fled.It’s purchased and paid for tooBy Him who hath enough to do.Questions:1.This stanza is taken from the poem__________________________by____________.(2%)2.What is one’s real house according to the poet? (5%)VI. Choose TWO of the following and Comment on them.(20%)1.Robert Frost' s The Road Not Taken.（10%）2.Eugene O' Neill’s Long Day's Journey into Night.（10%）3.Talk about Adgar Allan Poe's social outlook and writings （10%）/doc/76a448b9fd0a79563c1e726f.html ment on Hawthorne’s style. （10%）。
2023年重庆市中考语文试卷(A卷)(含答案解析)
2023年重庆市中考语文试卷（A卷）1. 填写汉字“回文图”中空缺的字音、字形。
①______ ②______ ③______ ④______2. 任务二：编写介绍词ㅤㅤ汉字博大精深，是华夏民族创造的令人_____的文化瑰宝。
①汉字，纵跨几千年时光，横越数万里广袤土地，让所有南腔北调、方言异音的海内外中国人，都能作乡音晤谈般的亲切问候。
②汉字起源甚平，经过数千年的淡变，形成了丰富的字体与书风。
③这种问候所展现的民族向心力与文化聚合力，是其它文字所不及的。
④从字体的古今演变中，可以窥探古人生活与文化的点点滴滴。
因此我们可以说：“汉字是全球华人共同的乡音。
”(1) 填入语段横线处最恰当的词语是______A.叹为观止B.富丽堂皇C.附庸风雅D.眼花缭乱(2) 语段中画波浪线句子语序排列最合理的一项是______A.①④②③B.②④①③C.④③①②D.③①②④3. 任务三：创作汉字诗参照示例，从下面的各选汉字中任选一个为文化墙创作一首小诗。
可从字形分析哲理，也可用意象表达情思，句式不限。
备选汉字：人旦云灯4. 根据《傅雷家书》《骆驼祥子》的相关内容，回答下面的问题。
(1) 教材建议《傅雷家书》的阅读方法是选择性阅读，请你为小渝推荐书中最值得阅读的部分，并说明理由。
(2) 老舍曾评价祥子：“在新环境里还能保持着旧习惯。
”你是否赞同老舍的看法？试举例说明。
5. 综合性学习。
ㅤㅤ年级将开展“天下国家•革命文化”综合性学习活动，准备推出一期主题展板，请完成以下任务。
【栏目设计】(1) 展板需围绕“革命文化”设计几个栏目，请你补充出来。
栏目一：______栏目二：革命故事荟萃栏目三：______【前言撰写】(2) 请根据“革命文化”的主题，为展板撰写一段前言。
（80字以内）6. 古典之音，萦萦在耳，请按提示填空，7. 阅读下面的文言文，完成试题。
曹刿论战《左传》ㅤㅤ①十年春，齐师伐我。
公将战，曹刿请见。
其乡人曰：“肉食者谋之，又何间焉？”刿曰：“肉食者鄙，未能远谋。
【中考真题】2024年陕西省中考试卷(A卷)(附答案)
2024年陕西省中考真题（A卷）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选择题1．下列生活中常见物质的成分只含金属元素的是NaHCO B．纯金：AuA．小苏打：3C H OH D．木炭：CC．酒精：252．陕西地域辽阔，物产丰富。
下列特产中蛋白质含量较高的是A．大红枣B．猕猴桃C．腊牛肉D．擀面皮3．党的二十大报告提出“推动绿色发展，促进人与自然和谐共生。
”下列做法不符合．．．这一要求的是A．回收电池B．低碳出行C．滥伐森林D．治理污水4．下列各组物质均属于氧化物的是A．冰、干冰B．铜、黄铜C．硫、硫酸D．水、硬水5．实验室制取二氧化碳时，下列相关操作正确的是A．检查气密性B．装药品C．收集气体D．气体验满6．下列实践项目的设计方案不合理．．．的是A ．AB ．BC ．CD ．D7．关于铝、铁、银三种金属，下列有关说法正确的是 A ．三种金属在空气中均易锈蚀 B ．用稀硫酸可以区分三种金属C ．用铁、银和硝酸铝溶液可以验证三种金属的活动性顺序D ．三种金属均是生活中常用导线的制作材料8．下图实验进行一段时间后，观察到烧杯B 内溶液已变为无色，则下列有关说法正确的是A ．烧杯B 内溶液无色说明溶液呈中性 B ．烧杯A 内溶液的质量变大C ．烧杯B 内溶液颜色的变化是因为氢氧化钠溶液吸收了空气中的二氧化碳D ．上述实验能说明分子在不停地运动9．乙烯()24C H 与丙烯()36C H 是两种重要的化工原料。
对于质量相同的二者，下列说法正确的是A ．所含分子种类相同B ．所含分子数目相同C ．每个分子中所含原子数目相同D ．完全燃烧消耗氧气的质量相同二、填空与简答10．2024年4月28日，我国自主研制的大推力液氧煤油发动机，首次在陕西成功完成点火试验。
(1)煤油常温下呈液态，这是煤油的 （填“物理”或“化学”）性质。
(2)液氧的化学式为 。
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（）9、在用BLOCK命令定义块时，可将图形的一部分或全部进行定义。
（）10、COPY命令一次只能把一个对象复制一次。
得
分
三、简答题（每小题5分，共25分）
1、多线的对正方式有哪几种？
2、如何快速绘制水平及竖直线？
3、怎样快速地在图层间进行切换？
4、如何将某一图形对象修改到其他图层上？
A.LINE B.MUTIPLE C.ENTER D.UNDO
2、在定数等分线段时，如果要将对象等分为6份，则在该对象上生成________个等分点。
A.5B.4C.7D.8
3、若某图层上的实体不能再屏幕上显示，并且不能在该层上绘制新的图形，则该层所处的状态为________。
A.关闭B.冻结C.锁定D.打开
5、怎样快速修改对象的颜色、线型、线宽等属性？
得
分
四、作图题（共55分）
按以下要求在计算机上绘制试题纸上的图形，并保存在一个图形文件中，文件样式和标注样式，完成图1并标注尺寸。
（1）文字样式设置：样式名为“标注文字”，字体选用“gbenor.shx”和“gbcbig.shx”
4、下列________命令，执行写块命令。
A.BASE B. WBLOCK C. EATTEDIT D. BATTMAN
5、文字样式不可以设置文字________。
A.字体B.倾斜角度C.字高D.对齐方式
得
分
二、判断题（在题前括号内填“√”或“×”，每小题1分，共10分）
（）1、使用编辑图形命令时（如移动、阵列等）可以先点命令，再选图形；也可先选图形，再点命令。
图2
3、创建文字样式style1，字体为“仿宋-GB2312”，字高为25，宽度因子为0.7，用直线命令按尺寸绘制表格（不用表注尺寸），并在表格中填入图3所示内容。（15分）
图3
课程考试试题纸
课程名称：
AutoCAD制图
（A卷）
考试方式：
闭卷
（开卷、闭卷）
印刷份数：
学院：
任课教师：
专业年级：
题
号
一
二
三
四
五
六
七
八
总分
阅卷
教师
得
分
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
得
分
一、单选题（每小题2分，共10分）
1、在命令行中输入________可以重复前面的命令操作，直到用户按Esc键为止。
（）2、执行LINE命令和RECTANG命令均可以绘制矩形，并且所得结果是一样的。
（）3、AutoCAD标注角度尺寸时，尺寸数字无法水平书写。
（）4、MLINE命令只能同时绘制两条线。
（）5、图块在插入到图中时可调整图块中图形的大小和角度。
（）6、在同一张图纸上不能同时存在不同字体的文字。
（）7、MIRROR、OFFSET和ARRAY命令实际上都是广义的复制命令。
（2）尺寸标注样式设置：①尺寸界限起点偏移量为2；②标注文本选择“标注文字”；③全局比例为2。（15分）
图1
2、按要求设置文字样式和标注样式，完成图2并标注尺寸。
（1）文字样式设置：样式名为“标注文字”，字体选用“gbenor.shx”和“gbcbig.shx”
（2）尺寸标注样式设置：①尺寸界限起点偏移量为2；②标注文本选择“标注文字”；③全局比例为2。（25分）