黄博职业卫生现状综述 -

《职业卫生与防护》英文论文论文名称：The occupational health status werereviewed学院：环境保护与安全工程学院班级：本12安工03班学号: 20124670311 姓名：黄博指导老师：王淑云2015年6月The occupational health status were reviewed【abstract 】the occupational health refers to a man living in the society in a variety of occupational health problems in labor work.After the reform and open policy, leaders of the country on the occupational health problems are concerned, strengthening the construction of laws and regulations, and actively promoting occupational health related knowledge to the relevant enterprises, makes every effort to safeguard the labor personnel's physical health.But after entering the 21st century, our country's economy has entered a high-speed development period, increase the efficiency of vocational requirement, occupational health awareness will reduce accordingly.At present, China's various types of occupational disease patients occupy more than 50% of the labor personnel, the number is still on the rise, the situation is not optimistic.Occupational health problem has already become one of the issues hampering the social and economic development in our country at present.In this paper, based on the research of the occupational health status in our country, the current occupational health situation were summarized.【key words 】occupational health and occupational labor protection products Occupational health problem is proportional to the economic development in our country, in other words the faster economic development, the occupational health problems are more prominent.Occupational health problems in our country, is the working process of the most harmful effects on the body, such as the computer work for a long time, can form a very strong radiation to the person's body, in the long term people's physical quality will drop significantly.Therefore, the study of occupational health problems it is necessary.This article through to the work of matching the importance of labor protection article and the occupational-disease-inductive factors in the study of the harm of human body, the occupational health status in our country is analysed.1. The importance of labor protection products1.1 The concept of labor protection productsCommon sense, labor protection products to point to in labor process can effectively protect the personal safety of laborer, has certain protective effect to the occupational-disease-inductive factors of related articles [1].Labor protection product can resist not only harm the various factors of the body, still can prevent the happening of the damage in advance, to reduce the occupational disease harm to human body, help workers make a commitment to work, labor protection products is the important guarantee for social work.In general, labor protection products are divided into general labor protective products and special labor protection article.General labor protection product application scope is more extensive, apply to the ordinary work, mainly refers to the working clothes, safety helmet and other common items.And special labor protection article is aimed at a special career in the society, such as water and electricity, laboratory, etc., provide the staff with gas masks and rubber shoes and other related items.1.2 the importance of labor protection productsLabor protection article has a certain defense effect on occupational hazards, to protect the personal safety of development goals.In our country "labor law" specific provision: the employees in the operation process, must strictly equipped with relevant protective equipment, when wearing protective equipment must comply with state and the relevant provisions of the enterprise, the correct matching labor protection products, in order to safeguard the personal safety.Although the general work clothes or safety helmet is not much more special technical content, but relative to the defenseless, can play a protective role, reduce the damage in the process of work.Staff working in the production workshop, for example, workers wearing earplugs is to reduce the huge noise machines in use process of the influence on the ear, if don't match corresponding protective ear plugs, long noise environment, workers' hearing will be damaged, appear to reduce or even hearing loss ofhearing.Nowadays haze is serious, the road dust, plus the harmful material in automobile exhaust, sanitation workers body of great harm.As a result, the sanitation workers wearing masks to defense effect, reduce the physical effects of working environment.The correct protective equipment matching and reasonable use, can help workers to avoid hazards in the workplace, tried their best to protect their own bor protection articles and closely related to the workers' life safety, labor protection products put into use not only to the laborer has the very big advantage, for the enterprise the management also plays a role in promoting development, greatly reduced because of the economic consequences of the employees work accident or occupational disease.Equipped with labor protection products, therefore, has a very important role for enterprises and individuals, workers should set up safety protection consciousness, the rational use of protective equipment, to ensure the safety of their own life.2. The occupational-disease-inductive factors to the harm of human body2.1 DustProduction process of dust can cause human respiratory system disease.According to social occupational disease statistics show that at the end of 2014, the occupational disease that causes because of dust in the general population (65%), of which 30% appeared lung disease, there is a respiratory disease 26%.In survey of millions laborer, nearly 120000 people reported to occur in the process of working the phenomenon such as chest tightness, shortness of breath.The staff in the long-term work, inevitably inhalation of different types of dust.Dust caused by occupational diseases, the most common is pneumoconiosis, main show is lung tissue fibrosis, and then spread throughout the body.Dust includes coal dust, the main object is the influence of coal mine production workers.Coal dust not only have an effect on workers exposed skin, also can cause bronchitis, accompanied by the phenomenon such as chest tightness, shortness of breath and breathing disorders.2.2 Of toxic substancesToxic substances is occupational disease hazard is most affected, according to statistics, at least 4300 a year in our country the cause of work involved in toxic poisoning incident, the harm of labourers or big or small.Harmful substances in benzene, impact on the human body is in the early stage of the general sense, is only slowly in the later.Benzene, colorless, tasteless, through skin to enter the body internal staff, harm to the person's nervous system and hematopoietic function.Benzene poisoning degree light person can appear the symptom such as dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, limb weakness, severe poisoning can appear the phenomenon of seizures, coma, moreover can also induce leukemia, endanger the safety of life.Sulfur dioxide and toxic substances in a kind of more frequent contact with the staff, sulfur dioxide in contact with human body, short time there will be a headache, vomiting, bloodshot eyes and throat edema, and so on and so forth.Moderate poisoning are characterized by dyspnea, cough, etc, and so2 contact time there will be a suffocation elderly coma.Shows, toxic substances in the work environment is the main source of headaches, quite stuffy and other types of occupational diseases.3. Other factorsIn addition to the dust, and toxic substances, other factors also can cause laborer occupational diseases, for the worker's health.Employees working in the workshop, the machine production process of huge noise will affect the workers' hearing and heart function.Relevant personnel engaged in computer work, long hours of dizziness,eyesight decline, but also suffered from the strong radiation of the computer, cause severe damage to the skin.And long-term repeat an action or a sedentary job, will damage to staff and lumbar spine.At present, will be about 100 people at least 70 people there exists a spine of occupational disease, spinal disease and strain of lumbar muscles become one of the most common phenomenon in the occupational disease.To sum up, the present status of the occupational health in China is not optimistic, the use of safety protection product awareness is not strong, can't really play a preventive role of the item.At the same time, the factors affecting the occupational disease cause serious damage to human body health, occupational health situation in urgent need to improve.In this paper, the importance of safety protection articles are analyzed, summed up the occupational disease caused by various factors, and hope that through this article summarized, can make people consciously avoid occupational factors, to ensure the safety of their own, by the good energy into work, to do an own strength for national construction.。