辽宁省沈阳市高考英语阅读理解一轮训练(7)

辽宁省沈阳市2015阅读理解一轮训练（7）及答案阅读理解The amount of time children spend in institutional care（机构式照顾）may affect how their brains develop. That’s the conc lusion of a new study carried out by researchers at t he University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journal’s January/ February 2010 issue.To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care（寄养）in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.Children adopted early from foster care didn't differ from children raised in their birth families in the United States. Children adopted from instit utional care perfor med worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse （冲动）control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive（认知的）func tioning once they reach their adopt ive famil ies, but the early impact on their brains' development is difficult to change completely."We identified ba sic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization," notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the study's lead author. "Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in children's lives."1. The passage is mainly written to .A. compare two childcare systemsB. criticize the institutional childcareC. present a new research f indingD. introduce the basic learning process 答案解析：答案为C。

本题为主旨大意题。

本文运用了总----分----总的写作风格。

注意文章第一段“The amount of time children spend in institutional caremay affect how their brains develop.”意为“儿童受到机构式照顾的时间长短或许会影响大脑发育”，和最后一段"Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so th ey can deve lop within family contexts should be implemente d to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in children's lives." 可知，儿童应摆脱机构式照顾，而应在家庭环境下培养，从而降低他们以后有学习障碍的可能性”，因此，文章主旨是在陈述一种新的发现。

A，B，D都不是文章的主旨。

2. Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because .A. they suffer form poor living conditionsB. they spend too much time learningC. they don’t have freedom stay ing thereD. they are neither physically nor mentally satisfied答案解析：答案为D。

本题为细节推断题。

从文章第二段首句“To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development,…”可知，句中“care（照顾）”对应D选项的“ment ally（精神地）”, “material needs（物质需求）”对应D选项的“physical ly（身体地）”, 故答案为D。

3．Compared with home-raised children, insti tuti onalized children didn’t do as well in tasks like .A. thinking in pictures and self-controlB. working in teams and self-expre ssionC. putting things in order and self-defenseD. adapting to the environment and self-panning.答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节题。

从文章的第三段“Children adopted from institutional care performed worse th an those raised in families on te sts measur ing visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse c ontrol.”可知，机构式照顾下的儿童比家庭环境下培养的儿童在视觉记忆、注意力、视觉信息和冲动控制上表现要差”, 故答案A “思考图片和自我控制”意思符合文章的内容。

4．It can be concluded form the passage that .A. the United States is a good place for children’s all-round developmentB. a perfect family is beneficial to children’s all-round developmentC. children in institutional care can hardly achieve anything greatD. nothing has been done to help children in institutional care答案解析：答案为B。

本题为主旨推断题。

结合第一题，本文是在陈述一种观点，即：受到机构式照顾的儿童大脑发育会受到影响，他们应在家庭环境下培养。