You Are What You Wear
着装礼仪you are what you wear
着装礼仪you are what you wear!1.引子人不可以不饰，不饰无貌，无貌不敬，不敬无礼，无礼不立。
--孔子孔子的话，指出了着装是表现对客户的尊重的手段。
你的服装往往表明你是哪一类人物，他们代表着你的个性。
一个和你会面的人往往不自觉地根据你的衣着来判断你的为人。
--索菲·罗兰索菲·罗兰的话，指出着装会影响客户对你的判断。
服装往往可以表现人格。
--莎士比亚莎士比亚的话，指出着装对于人内心情感和气质的影响和暗示。
2.介绍着装礼仪主要是指人们在社交场合、商务场合以及各种场合所应该穿着的服装打扮等，是一门实用性礼仪规范。
员工的职业着装、举止、谈吐都直接向客户呈现了公司的形象和文化内涵。
穿着置业得体不仅表示对别人的尊重，更有助您增强自信，展现个人特质以及职业素质，帮您快速建立一个沟通平台。
良好的个人形象会给别人留下深刻的印象，更容易取得成功。
您着装的专业与否将是别人判断您专业性关键的第一印象。
3.正装的规则a正装穿着六要素·TOP-根据时间（T）、场合（O）、地点（P）着装。
·统一-各件服装类型统一。
·三色-全身颜色不要超过三种。
·适度-装饰物不要过多、慎用闪亮、花纹。
·扬长避短-注意和自己的身材和肤色的搭配。
b职场着装六忌·忌过于杂乱着装过于杂乱，是指不按照正式场合的规范要求着装。
杂乱的着装极易给人留下不良的印象，使人对企业的规范程度产生疑虑。
·忌过于鲜艳着装过于鲜艳，是指商务人员在正式场合的着装色彩过为繁杂，过分耀眼。
如衣服图案过分繁琐以及标新立异等问题。
·忌过于暴露在正式的商务场合身体的某些部位是不宜暴露的，比如胸部、肩部、大腿。
在正式的商务场合通常要求不暴露胸部，不暴露肩部，不暴露大腿。
·忌过于透视在社交场合穿着透视装往往是允许的，但是在正式的商务交往中着装过分透视就有失于对方的嫌疑。
You are What You Eat
You Are What You Eat.Depending on what you want from your body, you must put in it the right food. You need to pay special attention to what you eat. That’s right: Your shopping list can help with your to-do list. That’s because the right foods are a kind of clean-burning fuel for your body’s biggest energy hog/pig: Your brain. A study in the Journal of Physiology makes the point that, though your brain represents only 2 percent of your body weight, it makes 20 percent of the energy demands on your metabolism/food/energy/fuel.Imagine your body is a car, if you only use your car on the weekends then you will not have to put a lot of fuel or oil into it, you will not have to replace the tiers very often, the battery will last a longer, and so on. But if you use your car fifteen hours a day then you will have to put more fuel and oil into it and the tiers, battery, lights, seats and engine will all wear-out quicker. If you want to be an Athlete in the Olympics you will have to eat the right foods to build your muscles and if you want to be an Einstein you will have to put in different foods to build your brain.On our new Eat This, Not That! Web site, we rounded up the best foods to munch/eat on when you need a mental boost—and found studies that show, in fact, that you can be up to 200 percent more productive if you make the right eating choices. Stock up on these items to, jog your memory, sharpen your senses, improve your performance, activate your feel-good hormones, and protect your quick-witted sharpness, whether you’re 15, 40 years old.WATER:The Body’s Most Important Nutrient.Water is your body's most important nutrient, it is involved in every bodily function, and makes up around 80% of your total body weight. Water helps you to maintain body temperature, helps in digestion, lubricates/oils and cushions organs, transports nutrients, and flushes/wash-out toxins from your body. Everyone should drink at least 2 liters per day, and if you exercise or are overweight, even more. Your blood is approximately 90% water and is responsible for transporting nutrients and energy to muscles and for taking waste from tissues.Not enough of water will make a person get tired quickly and have low concentration powers.FOR SHORT-TERM MEMORYDrink This!: COFFEEFresh-brewed coffee is the ultimate brain fuel. Caffeine has been shown to retard/slow the aging process and enhance short-term memory performance.In one study, British researchers found that just one cup of coffee helps improve attention and problem-solving skills.Naturally do not drink it before bedtime and don’t drink too much.FOR LONG-TERM MEMORYEat This!: BLUEBERRIESAntioxidants in blueberries help protect the brain from free-radical damage and cut your risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases when you get older. They can also improve cognitive processing (translationthinking). Wild blueberries, if you can find them, have even more brain-boosting antioxidants than the cultivated variety.Not That!: THE UNRIPE AND UNREADYHere’s a cool tip: if your favorite berries are out of season, buy them frozen. The freezer locks in peak flavor and nutrients, so the berries’ antioxidant capacity is maxed out. Those pale, tough, and expensive off-season berries usually ripen on a truck, rather than on the bush, so they’re nutritional imposters compared to the real thing.TO THINK FASTEREat This!: SALMON OR MACKERELSo put salmon or mackerel on the grocery list. The omega-3 fatty acids found in fatty fishes are a primary/major building block of brain tissue, so they’ll boost up your thinking power. Salmon is also rich in niacin, which can help ward off Alzheimer’s disease and slow the rate of ageing.Not That!: FULL-FAT ICE CREAMNot all fats are created equal: Beware foods high in saturatedfats, which can clog blood vessels and prevent the flow of nutrients and blood to the brain. Ice cream is not a brain-health food.TO ENERGIZE:Eat This!: HIGH-PROTEIN SALAD WITH VINEGAR and OLIVE OIL.The oil in the dressing will help slow down digestion of protein and carbohydrates in the salad, stabilizing blood-sugar levels and keeping energy levels high. Build your salad on a bed of green spinach for an added boost in riboflavin, and add chicken and a hard-boiled egg for more energizing protein.For other tips on how to build the perfect salad, check out the Eat This, Not That! ultimate salad selector.TO CALM DOWNEat This!: LOW-FAT YOGURT OR MIXED NUTS Yogurt and mixed nuts are some of the best food sources of lysine; nuts pack loads of arginine which will make you alert and quick thinking.Not That!: SODAA study from the American Journal of Public Health found that people who drink 2½ cans of soda daily are three times more likely to be depressed and anxious, compared with those who drink fewer. So Coca Cola is a Mental No No. TO CONCENTRATEEat This!: PEPPERMINT TEAThe scent of peppermint helps you focus and boosts performance, according to researchers. Need to reach Chicago before nightfall, and you’r e stuck in traffic around Cleveland? One study found that peppermint makes drivers more alert and less anxious.Not That!: CANDYSugary foods incite sudden surges of glucose that, in the long term, cause sugar highs and lows, leading to a fuzzy state of mind. So you’ll need to avoid all the attention-busting sugar bombs on this list of the 20 most sugar-packed foods in America.FOR GOOD MOODS AND SMILESEat This! ARUGULA OR SPINACH SALADLeafy greens—arugula, chard, spinach—are rich sources of B vitamins, which are key components on the assembly linethat manufactures feel-good hormones such as serotonin, dopamine, and nor-epinephrine. According to a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, a lack of B6 can cause nervousness, irritability, and even depression.Not That!: WHITE CHOCOLATEWhite chocolate isn’t chocolate at all, since it conta ins no cocoa solids. So it won’t stimulate the euphoria-inducing mood boosters like serotonin, as real chocolate does. Grab the real thing, the darker the better. More cacao means more happy chemicals and less sugar, which will eventually pull you down.FOR SHARPER SENSESEat This!: 1 TBSP OF GROUND FLAXSEED DAILYFlax is the best source of , or ALA—alpha linolenic healthy fat that improves the workings of the cerebral cortex, the area of the brain that processes sensory information, including that of pleasure. To meet your quota, sprinkle it on salads or mix it into a smoothie or shake.Brain Foods ~ ProteinProtein is found in meat, fish, milk and cheese. Protein provides the building blocks for most of the body's tissues, nerves, internal organs (including brain and heart). Proteins are used to make neurotransmitters and are essential to improve mental performance.Brain Foods ~ CarbohydrateCarbohydrates enhance the absorption of tryptophan, which is converted into serotonin in the brain. Within about thirty minutes of eating a carbohydrate meal,, you will feel more calm and relaxed. The effects will last several hours.Grains, fruits and vegetables are key sources of carbohydrates.Digestion causes the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose (sugar) which is the brains primary source of energy. If your glucose levels fluctuate too much, you may experience mental confusion, dizziness and if severe, convulsions and loss of consciousness.Brain Foods ~ FatThe brain is more than 60% fat. This is because the brain cells are covered by the myelin sheath which is composed of approximately 75% fat. Fats also play a crucial role as messengers. They regulate key aspects of the immune system, blood circulation, inflammation, memory and mood.Omega 3 fatty acids are essential to the optimum performance of your brain. Lack of omega-3 fats in your diet can lead to depression, poor memory, low IQ, learning disabilities, dyslexia, ADD and many more mental disorders.To ensure that your diet is rich in omega-3 fats, ensure that you eat plenty of oily fish like salmon, sardines, trout, tuna, herring, mackerel and anchovies.Brain Foods ~ Vitamins & MineralsVitamins and minerals are essential for the growth and functioning of the brain.The 'B' complex vitamins are particularly important for the brain and play a vital role in producing energy. Vitamins A, C and E are powerful antioxidants and promote and preserve memory in the elderly.Minerals are also critical to mental functioning and performance. Magnesium and manganese are needed for brain energy. Sodium, potassium and calcium are important in the thinking process and they facilitate the transmission of messages.The Top Brain Health FoodsEssential NutrientsIn any food you eat, make sure you look for these essential nutrients for success.1.Glucose: Your brain requires a constant supply of glucose, found in fruits, vegetables,and grains.2.Dopamine: Eat dopamine-rich foods like meat, nuts, and soy to feel more alert.3.Choline: Choline can provide you with memory enhancement and better reaction time.4.Anthocyanin: Anthocyanins protect your brain from oxidation stress, and can be foundin blackberries.5.Acetylcholine: This neurotransmitter excited other neurons-it’s found in egg, peanuts,wheat germ, and more.6.Low glycemics: Eat foods that offer a low glycemic ranking, as they will break downglucose molecules more slowly.7.Vitamin E: Vitamin E is one of the essential vitamins for good brain health.8.Vitamin B12: With B12, you’ll be able to repair brain cell damage that can stop memoryloss.9.Fiber: High fiber can help boost your cognitive performance.10.V itamin K: Getting vitamin K will help improve your cognitive function.11.I ron: Iron can help you maintain good levels of focus and concentration.12.S erotonin: Serotonin can produce feelings of pleasure, and is found in pasta, potatoes,cereals, breads, and starchy vegetables.13.V itamin C: Vitamin C is great for supporting your brain, so be sure to eat lots of citrusfruits.14.A lphalinoleic: ALA offers an improvement of your central cortex, which processessensory information.15.B vitamins: B vitamins can improve your mood and mental performance.16.F olic acid: Folic acid: Eating folic acid can help support your brain-healthy diet.17.Z inc: Make sure you’re getting enough zinc to m aintain your verbal memory.18.P rotein: Protein will help your body better absorb glucose.19.L ycopene: This antioxidant found in tomatoes will help prevent free-radical damage tobrain cells.20.P henylalanine: Phenylalanine works to support healthy neurological function.21.E ssential fatty acids: Omega-3s are great for brain development and maintenance. HabitsAdopt these habits that can help you improve your nutrition.22.G raze: Eat more frequent, but smaller, meals in order to keep your brain’s energy steady.23.E at a larger lunch: Avoid having a big dinner, opting for a larger lunch instead.24.E at breakfast: Breakfast can improve your cognition and reduce anxiety./li>Brain FoodEat these foods to feed your brain.25.R aw carrots: Raw carrots will provide you with a steady level of blood sugar for yourbrain.26.C ashews: Cashews are high in magnesium, which can give more oxygen-rich blood toyour brain.27.P umpkin seeds: Pumpkin seeds are full of brain nutrients, like zinc and fatty acids.28.W ater: Get up to 2 liters of water a day to keep your brain hydrated.29.B lackberries: Get your oxidation stress-preventing anthocyanins from blackberries.30.E ggplant: Keep your brain sharp with eggplant, particularly the skin that keeps yourbrain sharp with the nutrient nasunin.31.M eat: Meat will help your brain create neurotransmitters to send messages from neuronto neuron.32.S eeds: By eating seeds, you can get your essential fatty acids.33.C anola oil: Canola oil offers a good serving of Omega-3s.34.P ecans: Eating pecans can provide you with choline, which is essential for optimal brainfunction.35.L ean beef: Eating lean beef can help you get the iron you need for cognitive functioning.36.F ish: Fish is high in protein, which offers a great source of amino acids.37.W hole wheat bread: Whole wheat bread offers a less sharp spike in glucose levels.38.S trawberries: Antioxidant-rich strawberries can boost your cognitive functioning.39.B roccoli: In this super-food, you’ll find lots of vitamin K to enhance brainpower.40.S callops: Load up on scallops to get your essential fatty acids.41.T una: With tuna fish, you’ll get Omega-3s that can help nerve signals move.42.N uts: Nuts are a great source of essential fatty acids like Omega-3s.43.Y ogurt: In yogurt, you’ll find improved neurotransmitters.44.C ranberries: In cranberries, you’ll find a high concentration of antioxidants that canhelp prevent brain cell damage caused by free radicals.45.R omaine lettuce: Romaine lettuce offers a good amount of Omega-3s and protein.46.H ot cocoa: Pure cocoa powder packs an incredibly strong antioxidant punch.47.C heese: Eat cheese to provide your brain with the amino acids it needs.48.B erries: Berries are high in complex carbohydrates which can offer you sustained brainenergy.49.O live oil: Olive oil will give you a dose of potent antioxidant polyphenols.50.C old-water fish: Eating cold-water fish can provide you with the Omega-3s you need tokeep your brain full of the right fats.51.W alnut oil: Walnut oil can help you get the Omega-3s you need.ProductivityWith these foods, you can put your productivity into overdrive.52.P eppermint tea: The scent of peppermint can help you focus and boost performance.53.A vocados: Avoid bloating aft er a big lunch with this tasty treat that’s full of good fats.54.D ark chocolate: Eat a small bar of dark chocolate for a great load of antioxidants and asweet tooth satisfaction.55.S unflower seeds: Eat a handful of sunflower seeds to beat fatigue.56.A lmonds: With almonds, you can boost brainpower, stabilize your mood, and more.57.F igs: The natural sweetness of figs offers high energy while staving off your appetite.58.W atermelon: Watermelon offers energy and nutrients with low calories.AlertnessBoost your alertness and focus using these foods.59.B eans: With beans, you’ll get dopamine, which can help you feel more energized, alert,and assertive.60.O atmeal: Oatmeal can give you a steady stream of energy and better memory.61.R aisins: Raisins offer high energy with antioxidants, without lots of fat and calories.62.W alnuts: Load up on walnuts for Omega-3s that can help you think more clearly andstay focused.63.G reen tea: Drinking green tea can relax your brain and induce mental alertness.64.S alad: Eating a high protein salad with vinaigrette will keep your energy levels high.65.F ruit: Fruit offers an excellent source of carbohydrates that can break down graduallyover time.66.F laxseed: Flax can help you keep up the levels of healthy fats that can improve yourcerebral cortex.67.C runchy fruit: Low calorie, crunchy fruits can be eaten throughout the day for sustainedbrain energy.68.S almon: Get your Omega-3 fatty acids and niacin to stay on your toes.MemoryWith the help of these foods, you’ll be able to remember more.69.L iver: In liver, you’ll f ind acetylcholine, which can help with memory and exciteneurons.70.D eeply colored produce: You’ll find lots of memory boosting antioxidants in fruits andvegetables with deep pigments.71.B ell peppers: Bell peppers will help you stop a deteriorating memory.72.T omatoes: Tomatoes are full of lycopene, an antioxidant that can help stave off dementiaand Alzheimer’s.73.C offee: For short term memory improvement, a little caffeine can go a long way.74.R ed cabbage: Eat red cabbage to get the polyphenols you need to prevent and treatAlzheimer’s disease.75.B lueberries: In blueberries, you’ll find antioxidants that can help cut your risk ofAlzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.76.E ggs: Eggs are full of choline, which can improve your reaction time and memory.77.C orn: Corn is a great source for improving your memory.78.B ananas: Bananas are a good source of antioxidants.79.B rown rice: Eating brown rice can help give your brain energy to improve memory.80.W heat germ: Wheat germ can help with memory and prevent Alzheimer’s memory loss.81.B russels sprouts: Eat brussels sprouts for a good dose of antioxidants.82.O nions: The occasional onion can provide you with the nutrients you need to supportyour memory.MoodBoost your mood by eating one or some of these foods.83.P asta: With pasta, you’ll get serotonin, which can improve feelings of pleasure.84.A lcohol: With moderate alcohol consumption, you can get more blood and oxygen toflow to the brain.85.L eafy greens: Get your B-vitamins that produce feel-good hormones from arugula, chard,and spinach.86.G arlic: Garlic isn’t just tasty, it’s a great mood booster.87.T urkey: Everyone knows that the tryptophan in turkey can make you sleepy and mellow.88.C arbohydrates: If you’re looking for mental soothing, look to carbohydrates.89.R ed wine: Get antioxidants, dopamine, and more to improve your mood from wine.90.C oncord grape juice: Just like red wine, grape juice can improve your mood.91.P otatoes: Eating potatoes can give you a delivery of serotonin to boost your mood. Foods to AvoidIf you’re eating for nutrition and productivity, steer clear of these foods.92.S oda: High glucose levels can damage cells in your brain.93.F ull fat ice cream: Eating full-fat ice cream can clog your brain with saturated fat.94.W hite chocolate: White chocolate is useless chocolate-it doesn’t have the cocoa solidsthat stimulate euphoria, so go for dark chocolate instead.95.W hite bread: White bread can cause you to cause a stressful spike in glucose levels.96.F ast food: Fast food has been shown to make people less intelligent.97.S ports drinks: Although rich in electrolytes for athletes, they aren’t necessary for mostmoderately active people, and they are full of sugar.98.E nergy drinks: Drinking energy drinks can mess with your sleep schedule and handicapyour mind.99.C andy: Avoid sugar highs and lows by staying away from candy.100.Saturated fat: If you eat a diet high in saturated fat, you’ll be susceptible to cognitive deficits, and even stroke.But remember the more you cook the food the more nutrition and vitamins you will cookout and the less benefit your body will get from it, so eat more salads and uncooked vegetables to get the best results.When the Mind and body are at their Best.9.00am to midday/noon is the best time to try to remember information you will need to use soon.The brain is most alert round noon, so this is the best time for numbers.Noon to 4.00pm is the best time to study languages and other things you want to remember for a long time.We are most energetic between 6.00pm and9.00pm. good concentration time.The mind is at it’s lowest concentration level between 1.00am and 4.00am, but is creative.。
日常英语交流口语100句谐音
日常英语交流口语100句谐音1.Hello, how are you? –> Hell, oat or you?2.What’s your name? –> Watts yaw name?3.Nice to meet you. –> Nice stew meat chew.4.Where are you from? –> Wear arf yaw from?5.How old are you? –> Howl old, arf yaw?6.I’m good, thank you. –> Eye’m good, thank chew.7.Can you help me? –> Canoe hep me?8.Excuse me, sorry. –> Eggs, Q’s me, sorry.9.What time is it? –> Watt thyme is fit?10.Thank you very much. –> Think Q, berry match.11.I love you. –> Eye love chew.12.How can I help you? –> Howl can eye hep chew?13.It’s ve ry hot today. –> Its vary hot today.14.Good night, sleep well. –> Good knight, slip well.15.What do you do? –> Watt dew yaw dew?16.I’m hungry, let’s eat. –> Eye’m hung gory, let’s yeet.17.Where is the bathroom? –> Wear iz the bat room?18.Can you speak slowly? –> Canoe speak slow lee?19.I like this place. –> Eye lick this plays.20.Have a nice day. –> Half a gnice day.21.See you later. –> C U ladder.22.I don’t understand. –> Eye doughnut under’s tand.23.What’s the weather like? –> Watts da with or like?24.Do you speak English? –> Dew yaw speak Ing wish?25.Happy birthday! –> Happily berth day!26.It’s raining outside. –> Its reigning out’s I’d.27.Can I have the bill? –> Can eye half the bile?28.I’m sorry, my mistake. –> Eye’m sorry, my mist ache.29.How was your day? –> How’s yaw day?30.What a beautiful view! –> Watt a beauty full view!31.Good luck with that. –> Good luck wit that.32.Please wait a moment. –> Please weight a mow mint.33.Can you repeat that? –> Canoe repeat that?34.I have a question. –> Eye half a quest shun.35.Where did you go? –> Wear did chew go?36.Let me think about it. –> Lettuce ink about it.37.I enjoy your company. –> Eye in joy yawr company.38.It’s too noisy here. –> Its two no I see here.39.Do you like it? –> Dew yaw lick it?40.What’s your favorite color? –> Watts yawr fave or it collar?41.Enjoy your meal. –> In joy yaw meal.42.Where are we going? –> Wear R wee going?43.Can you pass me that? –> Canoe pass me that?44.I’m excited to see you. –> Eye’m XX cited to see chew.45.I can’t hear you. –> Eye can’t hear chew.46.Take care of yourself. –> Cake air of yaw sell f.47.Do you need help? –> Dew yaw nead hep?48.What’s your phone number? –> Watts yaw phone numb burr?49.I need a drink. –> Eye need a drink.50.How is your family? –> How’s yaw family?51.The food is delicious. –> The feud is de’lish us.52.Where did you learn English? –> Wear did chew learn Ing wish?53.I’m so tired. –> Eye’m sew tired.54.What do you want to do? –> Watt dew yaw won’t to dew?55.You look great today. –> Yew look grate today.56.I’m feeling sick. –> Eye’m feeling sic.57.Can you help me find it? –> Canoe hep me fined it?58.I’m here to see you. –> Eye’m heer to see chew.59.How do you spell that? –> How dew yaw spell that?60.I miss you so much. –> Eye miss chew sew match.61.Be careful, it’s slippery. –> Bee care, full, its slip, airy.62.Can we meet tomorrow? –> Canoe meat tom, or row?63.Where is the nearest hospital? –> Wear iz the nearest hospit all?64.I need to buy some groceries. –> Eye need two buy sum gross, err tease.65.You are very kind. –> Yew arf vary kind.66.Have a safe trip. –> Half a safe trip.67.I like your style. –> Eye lick yawr style.68.What’s your favorite food? –> Watts yawr fave, right food?69.Call me when you’re free. –> Caul me win yore free.70.It’s a beautiful day. –> Its a beauty full day.71.Can I borrow that? –> Can eye bore that?72.I’ll see you later. –> Isle C U ladder.73.Can you come with me? –> Canoe come with me?74.I’ll be there in a minute. –> Isle B their in a min, it.75.How do I get there? –> How dough eye get their?76.You’re always right. –> Yer all ways write.77.What’s the news today? –> Watts the gnus today?78.I’ll call y ou later. –> Isle caul yaw ladder.79.Can you check this for me? –> Canoe check this for me?80.Give me a moment. –> Give me a mow, mint.81.I need to go home. –> Eye need two go hoam.82.See you tomorrow. –> C U tom, or row.83.Where are my keys? –> Wear R my keys?84.Take your time. –> Cake yo’re thyme.85.You’re my best friend. –> Yore my best frand.86.Don’t worry, be happy. –> Dun’t worry, bee happy.87.I’m so happy to see you. –> Eye’m sew happy to see chew.88.What a busy day! –> Watt a buy seed day!89.You always make me laugh. –> Yew all ways make me laugh.90.Can I have a glass of water? –> Can eye half a glass of water?91.How long will it take? –> How lung will it take?92.What do you think about it? –> Watt dew yaw think abode it?93.I’m glad you’re here. –> Eye’m glad yore hear.94.Can you show me the way? –> Canoe show me the weigh?95.I feel so much better now. –> Eye feel sow match better now.96.It’s nice to see you again. –> Its nice two see chew a gain.97.You look tired, take a rest. –> Yew look tie, red, take arrest.98.I don’t like that. –> Eye doe’s knit like that.99.I hope to see you soon. –> Eye hope two see chew sewn.100.Thank you for everything. –> Thank Q, four everything.。
仁爱英语八年级下册Unit8Topic1导学案
一、重要字词唐装如此……以至于时装秀有时间去购物在第三层第一层女装区明天见二、Questions about 1a1.What is Maria wearing?2.Is it a cotton one?3.What does Jane want to buy?三、重要句子1. My old coats are so short that I want to buy some new ones.2. Do you have time tomorrow?3. Shall we meet at the school gate at 8 a.m.?四、重要知识点so ... that ... 意为“如此······以至于······”。
that 引导的是结果状语从句，其结构是“so + 形容词/副词+ that 从句”。
Eg: I liked it so much that my father bought it for me.Such……that当形容词后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词时，只能用such。
如：They are such lovely children that we all like them.五、单项选择。
( ) 1. He was ____ tired ____ he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.A. too; toB. so; thatC. such; thatD. enough; that( ) 2. —Look, here is my new mobile phone.—It’s very nice. Could you tell me____?A. where to buyB. where to buy itC. where will buy itD. where I will buy3.My dad got up early he could catch the early train.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.very;butD.very;that4.Jane's silk dress feels so soft that Lily wants to buyA.itB.thatC.oneD.ones5.It's a pity that Mary couldn't that cotton blouse.A.spendB.costC.likeD.afford6.There are few new words in the article that everyone in our class can understand it.A.aB.soC.suchD.every7.----We can use MSN to talk with each other online now.------Great! But can you show me use it?A.how toB.when toC.where toD.what to六、根据句意、首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
2015年全国大学生英语竞赛C类真题、答案及评分标准
2015年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛C级真题Part I Listening (30 marks)1. What does the conversation imply?A. Great minds think alike.B. You are what you wear.C. A contented mind is a perpetual feast.D. Actions speak louder than words.2. How does the man identify a disease gene?A. He uses a special instrument.B. He analyses the gene carefully.C. He bases his finding on his previous research.D. He sends the results of his analysis to biologists for confirmation.3. Why is the man planning to fly to Singapore?A. The weather there is quite nice for a holiday.B. He wants to watch a basketball match to be held there.C. NBA tickets there are much cheaper than those in New York.D. Air tickets from the USA to Singapore are cheap now.4. What is the man’s opinion of seeing movies in a theatre?A. He doesn’t like the big screen in the theatre. B It is not as comfortable as seeing movies at home.C. It is much more expensive than seeing movies at home.D. He thinks travelling a long way to the theatre is a waste of time.5. What are the speakers talking about?A. Importance of saving water.B. Ways to improve farming.C. The city’s nasty weather.D. Water shortage in the city.Section B (10 marks) Long ConversationsConversation one6.What does the man want tickets for?A. For a May Flower choir performance.B. For an opera performance.C. For the Mozart Piano Concerto.D. For the Beethoven Symphony7.When will he attend the performance?A. On Sunday, May 21.B. On Monday, May 22.C. On Thursday, May 25D. On Sunday, May 268.What kind of music dose the man like?A. Piano concerto.B. Rhythm &Blues(R&B).C. Jazz.D. Symphony.9.What is the man’s telephone number?A.648 7967B.647 7968C.646 7988D.649 794810.When is the man expected to pick up his tickets?A. Before 7:30 on the night of the performance.B. Any time on the day of the performance.C. Between 7:30 and 8:00 any night.D. Any time before the performance.Conversation Two11.What are the two kinds of people mentioned in the quote of Marlo’s father?A. The rich and the poor.B. Givers and takers.C. Eaters and sleepers.D. The old and young.12.Why is the St.Jude Hospital special?A. It serves children from certain communities only.B. It was founded by some big companies .C. It collects donations for sick children.D. It provides excellent service for patients.13. What is the motto of the Thanks & Giving Campaign?A. Give thanks to both sick and healthy kids.B. Cherish the traditional holidays.C. Honour the donating companies.D. Give money to people in need.14. What does Marlo remind people to do when they are in a happy mood?A. Always help those who are in need on the streets.B. Stop purchasing and save money for the future.C. Think of the families who are fighting for their child’s life.D. Look after old parents and young children in the family.15. What do some big companies cooperate with St. Jude Hospital?A. They donate large amounts of money to the hospital.B. They send sick employees to the hospital for treatment.C. They promote the Thanks & Giving Campaign regularly.D. They collect donations and send them to the hospital. Section C (5 marks)16. Why was scientific satellite MAVEN sent to space?A. To find out if there are any living creatures or plants on Mars.B. To collect water samples from Mars and learn what is happening on Mars.C. To learn what happened to the atmosphere and water on Mars.D. To study the geological and geographical conditions on Mars.17. What is scientists’ latest research on robots?A. Robots that can run quickly on four legs.B. Robots that can carry heavy loads as pack animals do.C. Robots that are less expensive to build.D. Robots that can operate on batteries.18. What is the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) accused of?A. Its influence on U.S. movies and TV shows.B. Its attempt to spread American culture.C. Its tough demands on overseas students.D. Its exclusion of American values.19. What does Ritu Sharma want to show in her book Teach a Woman to Fish?A. How woman in poor conditions can break the cycle of poverty.B. Her extraordinary travel experience in four countries.C. The challenge and opportunities facing woman in Sri Lanka.D. Different ways of finishing that are suitable for women.20. What does ‘Black Friday’ in this conversion refer to?A. A special day in memory of people who died in a tragic stampede.B. A shopping discount service available only on Fridays.C. A new TV show to be held in New York and California.D. A big day in a holiday shopping season with lots of goods in discount.Section D There are 10 missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with exact words or phrases you hear.At movie preview, reporters are often searched before entering a theatre. If cameras or camcorders are found, security guards take them until the preview in finished. The guards do this because people might 21.___________ the movie before it is released. They are trying to protect the right of intellectual property (IP).Intellectual property is 22.__________ of intangible things likes music, film, computer programmes, techniques and books. Counties like United State have a strict system of patents, copyrights and trademark rights. When a person produces something new, they 23.___________ one of these from the government to prove he or she is the owner of the invention and that it is illegal for others to copy it. Patents are needed for new inventions. Copyright are used for materials like books, music, computer progammes and movies. Trademark rights are used for 24._________. You can tell if something is copyrighted or trademarked by looking on the package for a small encircled C or T respectively.As international trade increases, problems 25.___________ regarding IP . Some counties have less strict laws for IP than others. In counties like Vietnam, where laws for IP are not very strict, products 26.__________ other counties are often copied and sold for a cheaper price. For example, it is common to find copies of U.S. movies 27.___________ in these counties. The United States and other counties with strict IP laws want all counties to have strict IP laws so that 28.__________. So, they pressure other countries to strengthen IP laws. For example, before Vietnam could join the World Trade Organisation in 2006, they had to strengthen their IP laws.Not everyone believes that laws protecting IP 29._________.Some believe it is wrong for others to have a monopoly on an idea or invention that could serve the public good. For example, some poor countries have many people 30._______ diseases but do not have the infrastructure needed to produce drugs to help the patients . Other richer countries have produced the drugs but are selling them at too high a price for the poor countries to afford, which may cause people to die.Part II Vocabulary, Grammar & Culture (15 marks)Section A Vocabulary and Grammar (10 marks)31. Animals are one of the most important resources for human beings, however , by 2030 ,many species will have ______according to recent research .A. used upB. died outC. gone upD. got rid of32. If the government refused to appropriate funds, the slum-clearance programme might be ______.A. rejectedB. contendedC. abusedD. terminated33. We are in the full ______ that the current situation will improve sooner or later.A. understandingB. appreciationC. consciousnessD. conviction34. The reporters exposed the corruption of several high officials in the government; ______, they were asked to resign fromoffice .A. constantlyB. consistentlyC. consequentlyD. consecutively35. Helping his little daughter with her physics homework reminded him of things he had long ______.A. cared aboutB. forgotten aboutC. dreamed aboutD. complained about36. You should never provide your personal information ______ a request you did not ask for over the Internet .A. in response toB. according toC. prior toD. thanks to37. The new chairman urged the members of the committee to ______ their differences and settle down to work .A. wear outB. break upC. calm downD. set aside38.Why so many students graduate from high school with inadequate skills in reading andmathematics is a question that continues to ______American educators.A. harassB. intimidateC. troubleD. oppress39.— I need some help with my homework!—______ I’ve got lots of work to do myself, and besides, it’s your problem, not mine!A. No problems, just a moment!B. Sorry, I can’t help you right now.C. Yes, I need your help as well.D. Wait, it’s a piece of cake for me.40.—I spilled some coffee on my jacket! ______.—You’ll see a place on Madison Avenue between the First Street and the Second Street. It’s Beside the bank.A. How can you get it ironed?B. Do you know the way to the factory?C. Who is to blame for the accident?D. Where can I get it cleaned?Section B Culture (5 marks)41. ______ felt that society forced too many rules on people and kept them from living a full, natural life. His forceful writing on daring themes shocked many. Sons and Lovers, based partly on his own life, is one of his finest novels.A. James Joyce.B. D. H. Lawrence.C. George Bernard ShawD. Thomas Hardy.42. Which of the following is the national flag of the United States of America?43. Which of the following is the famous theory developed by Albert Einstein?A. The Theory of Mechanics.B. The Natural Selection.C. The Theory of Relativity.D. Quantum Gravity.44. Which country is famous for the statue of the Little Mermaid?A. Finland.B. Sweden.C. Denmark.D. Norway.45. ______ was an English comic actor and filmmaker who rose to fame in the silent film era.A. Marlon Brando.B. Charlie Chaplin.C. Steven Allan SpielbergD. Dustin Hoffman.Part Ⅲ Cloze（10 marks）Fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letter(s) of the word.Is paragliding more dangerous than parachuting？There are three elements that support the argument that through46.________ of them is safe, one is far less dangerous than the other. Those three elements are training, preparation, and skill level.Training for the first parachute jump is a 47.rel ________ simple process. Commonly a morning of instruction and practice can result 48.________ a person’s first jump the same afternoon. In contrast, paragliding training is much more involved, taking anywhere from one to three months before the first flight occurs. It is 49.________ (legal) to fly without a license, and various competence levels must be passed to be able to move from soaring to something more involved such as cross-country flying.Preparation for a parachute jump is minimal 50.________ best. Most jumpers have their chutes packed for them, so all they have to do is climb into the plane. Some pack their own chutes, but still, this is minor. In paragliding the pilot lays out their canopy on the ground, checks it and the lines, and then must wait for the right wind conditions before launching. The fact that the chute and lines can be seen makes a 51.tre________ difference as any problems can be seen before launch, something thatis impossible with parachuting. This is a very important difference because almost all parachuting 52. acc________ are the result of equipment failure. Jumpers rely almost totally on their equipment and not their skill, the reverse of the paragliding pilot.It is this difference in skill levels that makes paragliding the safer option. The 53. ________ (great) the skill the pilot develops, the less chance they might get into a dangerous situation when flying. Also, if they do get into a dangerous situation, it is far more likely that they will be able to escape. With parachuting it is the 54. opp ________. Ultimately skill does not matter. Even the most experienced jumper will be 55. ________ (able) to do anything in the event of major equipment failure. Like Russian roulette, the question is how many times a person jumps before statistics catch up with them.Part IV Reading Comprehension (35 marks)Section A (5 marks) Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.Hallward Library supports the learning, teaching and research needs of the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Social Sciences. This includes the subject areas of arts, humanities, law and social sciences, and a European Documentation Centre.You may be able to use our libraries for reference or borrowing through membership of the SCONUL Access scheme. Please apply to join the scheme online. You may also wish to complete our University of Nottingham registration from before you come. On arrival at one of our libraries, please go to the reception or lending desk with your SCONUL introductory email and library card from your home institution, where we will issue you a University of Nottingham library card with immediate borrowing rights (a photograph is not required). Please check our lending desk opening times.If your SCONUL Access membership entitles you to borrow, you may take up to six ordinary loan books for up to four weeks. Items from our Short Loan collection are not available to borrow under this scheme and there will be lead time in accessing items stored off site or at a different University of Nottingham library. Study rooms are left open for general use, but room keys cannot be borrowed by SCONUL Access users and room bookings cannot be made.Please also consult our information on how to access electronic resources and the Internet via the eduroam wireless service. If your institution is not a member of SCONUL Access you may use our libraries for reference during our libraries for referenceduring our vacations. Please ensure that you bring your library card or some other means of confirming your current student status.You are welcome to visit any of our libraries and use them for reference purposes. Please go to the reception or lending desk on arrival and bring identification with you.We are members of INSPIRE and welcome visitors referred from public libraries under this scheme.If you would like to borrow books then you can become an external borrower.We can arrange school visits through our service Step into University Libraries: Visits for Local Schools. In order to be able to offer schools a good experience, we would encourage arrangements to be made well in advance and for visits to be scheduled outside of University terms. Groups should be accompanied by leaders or teachers who will adhere to their responsibilities as detailed in Section 2 of the University’s Guidance on Arrangements for Protection of Children and Vulnerable Adults.Question 56-60 Decide the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.56. The Hallward Library serves students in all majors of the University of Nottingham.57. Anyone who wants to borrow books through the SCONUL scheme must register online before they come to the reception of the library and get a library card.58. Through the SCONUL scheme no more than 6 ordinary loan books can be borrowed while none of Short Loan books can be borrowed.59. Electronic resources and Internet cannot be used in the library without permission.60. Visitors can come to the library for reference purposes and even borrow books.Section B (10 marks) Question 61-65 are based on the following passage.Tony Wheeler is the man behind the Lonely Planet guidebooks, books which are loved and hated in equal measure. It’s hard to pin down why they provoke such violent emotion; once it was simply because they lied—you don’t turn up for the weekly Wednesday ferry to find that actually it goes on Tuesdays. Nowadays they are carefully researched, the information is generally true, and the maps are accurate.(61) ______ Arrive in a place and out comes the book: Places to Stay, Things to See, Getting Around, Places to Eat—all of which is undeniably useful. But you end up living a life dictated by Wheeler, and that life might not be right for you. On top of that, everyone else has got one too, so instead of being the independent traveller you thought you were, you end up being just another tourist.(62) ______ His wife Maureen, who runs the company with him, is equally to blame. It all started in 1972 when, bored with Britain, they see off for Australia. They arrived in Sydney three months later with 27 cents between them. Tony sold his camera, then sat down and wrote about the trip. They put the pages together and took it around the local bookshops and one of the bookshops sold thousands of copies.(63) ______Their 200-odd guidebooks cover nearly everywhere and there are phrasebooks, atlases, walking guides. They sell more than three million books a year and employ around 200 people. The Lonely Planet website is visited a million times a day and the Wheelers have replaced the van with a red Ferrari.(64) ______ ‘My children have travelled all over the world so they’re aware of a lot of things,’ says Maureen and Tony agrees. ‘It helps you grow up a lot, just knowing how other people live and what happens in their countries. Secondly, being on your own, having to make your way from one place to the next and work out how you do that, gives you a self-sufficiency that I think is very important.’(65) ______There are people who say that by encouraging people to go places they’re destroying them－an accusation they both deny, claiming that people would go there anyway. They admit that none of this is bad for business, ‘All the publicity has sold o ur books.’Questions 61-65 Complete the article with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.A.Twenty-five years on, Lonely Planet has, quite literally, taken over the world.B.There has been controversy surrounding the guidebooks.C.Getting a guidebook like the Lonely Planet right can be a tricky business.D.No, it’s something about the way they take you over－you become a slave to the guidebook.E.Tony Wheel is still very actively involved in the Lonely Planet guidebooks.F.So what do they think about travel in general?G.It’s not entirely fair to blame only Tony.Section C (10marks) Questions 66-70 are based on the following passage.Situated at the heart of Beijing, the Palace Museum is approached through the Gate of Heaven ly Peace (Tian’an men). Because of its centrality as well as restricted access, the palace was called the Forbidden City, It was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor who, upon usurping the throne, determined to move his capital northward from Nanjing to Beijing. The Ming dynasty fell to the Manchu Qing in 1644 and in 1911 the Qing dynasty wasoverthrown by the republican revolutionaries. During nearly six hundred years, twenty-four emperors lived in and ruled from this palace.The Forbidden City is surrounded by 10-metre-high walls and a 52-meter-wide moat. Measuring 961 meters from north to south and 753 meters from east to west, it covers an area of 1110000 square meters. Each of the four sides is pierced by a gate: the Meridian Gate (Wu men) on the south, the Gate of Divine Prowess(Shenwu men) on the north, the Eastern and Western Prosperity Gates (Donghua men and Xihua men).Once inside, visitors will see a succession of halls and palaces spreading out on eit her side of an invisible central axis. The buildings’ glowing yellow roofs levitating above vermilion walls is a magnificent sight. The painted ridges and carved beams all contribute to the sumptuous effect.Known as the Outer Court, the southern portion of the Forbidden City centers on three main halls -- Hall of Supreme Harmony (Taihedian)，Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghedian),and Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohedian). It was here in the Outer Court that the emperor held court and conducted grand audiences. Mirroring this arrangement is the Inner Court comprising the northern portion of the Forbidden City. The Inner Court is comprised of not only the residences of the emperor and his consorts but also venues for religious rituals and administrative activities.In total, the buildings of the two courts account for an area of some 163000 square meters. These were precisely designed in accordance with a code of architectural hierarchy, which designated specific features to reflect the paramount authority and status of the emperor. No ordinary mortal would have been allowed or would even have dared to come within close proximityto these buildings.The Forbidden City, the culmination of the two-thousand-year development of classical Chinese and East Asian architecture, has been influential in the subsequent development of Chinese architecture, as well as providing inspiration for many artistic works.Questions 66-7066. Why was the Palace given the name as “The Forbidden City”?67. Who was the first emperor that lived in the Palace?68. How long is the Forbidden City?69. What is the total area of the Forbidden City?70. What is the main function of the Inner Court of the Forbidden City?Section D (10 marks) Questions 71-75 are based on the following passage.A ncient Greeks thought the brain wasn’t the basis for intellect. It was the home for the soul. They believed that the process of thinking happened somewhere near lungs. The brain wasn’t seen as an organ of intellect and thought until the 17th and 18th centuries. In order to measure intelligence, the IQ test, or the intelligence quotient test, was invented. The Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale was created in Paris in the early 1900s. The scale was used in Alfred Binet’s efforts to educate children with learning difficulties. Those with scores less than their respective ages were considered mentally challenged. The MENSA IQ test has also become popular. A person who scores 150 or higher on this test is considered to have exceptional intelligence. More than 10,000 people take the test every year.Some see IQ tests as an assessment of an individual’s problem-solving skills, rather than general intelligence. For example, an individual may have high analytical intelligence that is genetic. This widely held view promoted many prejudiced ideas. Since the IQ test was created from the point of view of Europeans, people of other races scored comparatively lower. Research suggests that intelligence depends on culture and class. Tests given by the U.S. military showed that blacks scored lower than whites. The difference in scores was attributed to class and education levels, not genetic factors. Black children adopted into wealthier families scored significantly higher than low-income blacks. Studies have shown that children who grow in a positive learning environment score higher on the IQ tests. Having good nutrition can also affect the scores.A new type of IQ test has surfaced later on. It's called the EI test, or the emotional intelligence test. The test gauges theind ividual’s ability to manage his or her emotions. Developed by Daniel Goleman, the test also measures how much self-awareness an individual has. Knowledge and emotional intelligence are different, experts say. A person with high emotional intelligence is able to better understand the feelings of others. Thus, they are better maintaining various relationships. Low emotional intelligence can affect intelligence. Studies have shown that emotional intelligence is connected with memory and concentration. Individuals with low emotional intelligence have more aggressiveness and less self-control. These factors can dramatically reduce IQ scores by as much as 25 percent.Questions 71-75 Complete the summary with only one word for each blank from the passage, changing the form where necessary.Since the early 1900s, scientists have attempted to gauge the intelligence of people. Alfred Binet’s intelligence scale and the MENS IQ test have been used frequently over the past centuries in 71.________ intelligence. Some studies suggest that the tests aren’t necessarily a flawless benchmark, arguing that it 72._______ only a person’s problem-solving skills. Others think that intelligence is 73._______ and it varies among races. New findings point to culture, class, education levels and environment as more important intelligence predictors 74._______ genetics. A new test that measures the emotional intelligence, the ability to monitor one’s emotions, has emerged. Recent findings reveal that one’s emotional intelligence can affec t one’s IQ test 75._______.Part V Translation (15 marks)Section A (5 marks) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.76. Opera is an art that brings music, singing, and drama together on stage. The first operas were performed in Italy in the early 1600s. These operas were based on ancient Greek myths and accompanied by simple melodies. The early composers of opera called their work “drama through music” because they felt the music was the key to expressing an idea or emotion. Although the first operas were performed for the aristocracy, by the 1700s many operas were being performed for the public.Section B (10 marks) Translate the following sentences into English by using the hints given in brackets.77. 他在学校的表现还没有达到他父母的期望。
You are what you do
1. You are What You DoBy Mayling Soong(1897-2003)Word count: 220(宋美龄，生于上海，幼年赴美留学，就读于波士顿的卫斯理女子学院（Wellsely College）, 1917年回国。
宋美龄兼具中国古典气质和西方优雅风度，而又带有犀利、精明的作风。
这篇You are what you do 被广泛认为是用英文表述东方思想精华的典范。
) consequence [ˈkɔnsikwəns] n.结果moral adj.[ˈmɔrəl]道德(上)的, 精神的foundation[faunˈdeiʃən]n.基础, 根本melon[ˈmelən]n.（植物）瓜(西瓜、甜瓜等)reap [ri:p]v.收割, 收获beget [biˈɡet] v. (书面语)招致、产生、引起saint [seɪnt]n.adj. 神圣的、圣洁的；圣人sinner [ˈsinə] n. 罪人、恶人、做坏事者wicked [ˈwikid]adj. 邪恶的、恶劣的、有恶意的 wax [wæks] v. 变得更大（或更强）prosper [ˈprɔspə] v. 成功, 兴隆certitude [ˈsə:titju:d]n. 深信、确信flourish[ˈflʌriʃ] v. 繁荣、兴旺illusion [ɪˈl(j)u:ʒ(ə)n]错觉，假象unceasingly[ʌnˈsi:siŋli] av. 从不停止地keep books on 记账counterfeit[ˈkauntəfit]v. 伪造，假装，装作cast off v.丢弃, 摆脱garment[ˈɡɑ:mənt]n. 衣服（一般指长袍、外套）whim [(h)wim] n. 一时的兴致，心血来潮ingrained [inˈɡreind]v. 根深蒂固的，天生的nurture [ˈnə:tʃə] n. 养育，培养，滋养destiny [ˈdestini] n. 命运, 定数inexorably [ɪnˈɛks(ə)rəb(ə)lɪ] adv.无动于衷地,无情地supreme [sju:ˈpri:m] adj.最高的; 至上的If the past has taught us anything, it is that every cause brings effect—every action has a consequence. This thought, in my opinion, is the moral foundation of the universe; it applies equally in this world and the next. We Chinese have a saying: “If a man plants melons, he will reap melons; if he sows beans, he will reap beans.” And this is true of every man’s life: good begets good, and evil leads to evil.True enough, the sun shines on the saint and sinner alike, and too often it seems that the wicked wax and prosper. But we can say with certitude that, with the individual as with the nation, the flourishing of the wicked is an illusion, for, unceasingly, life keeps books on us all.In the end, we are all the sum total of our actions. Character cannot be counterfeited, nor can it be put on and cast off as if it were a garment to meet the whim of the moment. Like the markings on wood which are ingrained in the very heart of the tree, character requires time and nurture for growth and development. Thus also, day by day, we write our own destiny, for inexorably we become what we do. This, I believe, is the supreme logic and law of life.参考译文：你即你所为字数：344如果过去的日子曾经教过我们一些什么的话，那便是有因必有果──每一个行为都有一种结果。
Dress-For-Success
13. Your umbrella should be in conservative colors (black, tan— light yellowish brown, navy, gray) and in working order. Do not leave it to drip on the company carpet. 14. Bring a pen and paper; check that the pen works and doesn't leak. Store them in the inside jacket pocket, where you can easily find them.
Before you go on that job interview, make sure you read these dressing tips! Many people take for granted the appearance aspect of the jobhunting process. The better you are dressed, the more confident you will feel and exude (flow out).
There's no impression like the first impression. Initial decisions (to be) made about you in the first three minutes of the job interview are nearly irreversible (not changed).
3. Business shoes and over -thecalf (--skinned) dark socks matching silk tie in low-key
初中英语歇后语全集
1. The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃(笨鸟先飞)。
2. How time flies! 光阴似箭!3. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
4. You are what you wear. 衣如其人。
5. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
6. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
7. No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之。
8. A little learnig is a dangerous thing. 浅学寡识是件危险的事。
9. Do not do to others what you would not like yourself. 己所不欲，勿施于人。
10. A friendship between gentlemen is like a cup of tea. 君子之交淡如水。
11. One tree can’t make a forest. 独木不成林。
12. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
13. It’s the thought that counts.礼轻情义重14. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马.15. Nothing is difficult if you set your mind on it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。
16. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
17. No pains, no gains. 一份耕耘，一份收获。
18. Waste not, want not. 不浪费，不愁缺(俭以防匮)。
19. Time is money.时间就是金钱。
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You Are What You Wear
麦克·阿达米科与女儿一起在塔吉特百货逛街，女儿在男童装区里看中了一件复古样式的超人t恤，想在女童装区找找适合自己的型号。
“但当然女童装区里没有超人t恤，”阿达米科告诉赫芬顿邮报。
于是他们继续逛街，寻找能展示她兴趣的T恤衫，像印着超人、游戏“我的世界挖矿争霸”、运动和铠甲勇士的那些——可是有这些T恤的商区往往标着“男童装区”。
家里的大多是购物都是由阿达米科来，而在过去的几年内，他非常清楚地感觉到出售的男童装与女童装间巨大的差异。
“男孩就应该喜欢运动，超人，大学。
而女孩就该热爱平静和谐和小蛋糕，她们就该可爱甜美。
”他总结了自己在t恤上看到的信息。
当一张印着“成为蝙蝠侠的妻子”女童T恤的照片疯传时，有批评者就抨击这是性别歧视，冒犯了女性。
阿达米科在他的博客上写道：“男孩们可以成为英雄，而女孩们可以嫁给他们。
”在赫芬顿邮报一篇相关文章下面的评论里，一些读者同样被这件T恤公然的性别歧视所激怒。
但也有一些评论者并没未把此当回事。
他们争论说“只是一件t恤“，”没有什么大不了“。
在舆观调查公司与赫芬顿邮报共同举办的一个民意测验中，接受调查的大部分成年人都比较倾向于第二个观点。
只有12%的受访者表明那件衬衫有性别歧视，不该在商店出售。
48%的人认为那句标语有些性别歧视，但人们有权根据自己的意愿购买。
40%的人没发现那件衬衫有问题。
大多数人意见的核心显然是正确的：没有人被迫去买任何东西——
这是个自由的国家。
但许多调查人员和社会学家争论，这种性别化明显的服饰带来的问题很严重，远远不是耸耸肩，讲句“言论自由“，就能扔到一边的。
一个重要的原因是儿童不会忽视他们所看到的东西。
据亚利桑那州立大学与纽约大学在2004年的研究中所述，儿童像一个”性别侦探“，搜寻男孩与女孩间的不同之处，试着对性别角色进行推论，并将结论应用到自己身上。
即使是关于男女角色的一点点信息——在媒体，在社会，在衣服上——都会影响孩子们对自身的看法。
丽萨·韦德，西方学院的一位社会学副教授，称儿童倾向于死板地遵守性别的固定模式化。
“他们认识到性别身份意义重大，做一个男孩或女孩有很多复杂的规定，而他们处于人生的舞台上，试图学习这些规定。
“她说。
几年来，佩吉·奥伦斯坦，《辛德瑞拉吃了我的女儿》（Cinderella Ate My Daughter）的作者，一直在解释T恤，像蝙蝠侠那个，是怎样影响孩子们来看待自己的。
“我不是说一件衬衫，一个芭比娃娃…一件事物不会成为改变的倾覆点，但是他们成长在其中的文明，使他们社会化。
”奥伦斯坦告诉赫芬顿邮报，“有如此之多的信息提醒着女孩儿们，她们不该是果断的，不该擅长科学或数学，或一直强化这个观念，外表比内在更为重要。
”而这些信息在孩子们的衣服中一遍一遍地被传达。
站在捍卫蝙蝠侠t恤的立场上，一些评论者质问：“想成为一名妻子有什么错？”没有错，韦德讲。
问题，她解释道，是我们“生活在一个以与男人的关系来定义女人的世界，而不是以
与女人的关系来定义男人。
…这种背景就不断地提醒人们，什么是对女人的期待。
期待不仅是她将成为一个妻子，而是她将成为某个重要人物的妻子，而她的身份将由他的重要性所决定。
“
之前漫威卖出了一系列t恤衫，女式的标着“我需要一个英雄”，男式的标着“成为一个英雄”，网络上也引起了一阵类似的骚动。
t恤传递的信息相当明确：女孩需要被拯救，而男孩专门负责这个工作。
而数据显示，在现实生活中，女人并不需要被男人来拯救。
1960年，只有11%的母亲负责养家糊口，而2013年，40%的母亲承担起此重任。
而现在63%的女高中生都进入了大学——相比与男生61%的入学率——女人做自己的英雄一样做的很好。
但是孩子们在很小的时候还是在听到完全相反的信息。
小女婴的连体衣上印着“未来新娘”，而相对的男婴连体衣则赫然写着，“给父母的建议：看好你的女儿。
”
“除了婚姻状况外，人还有其他的身份，而我们正在将女孩的人生目标定义成其婚姻状况。
这是个问题。
“奥伦斯坦说道。
杰西潘妮在2011年出了一件t恤，写着“我这么漂亮才不用做作业呢，我的哥哥会替我做“，也引起了网上一片抗议之声。
这依然传达着明显的信息：聪明和美丽是不互容的，而如果你是女孩的话美丽就更加重要。
还有男孩在家庭作业上表现的更好。
后面这个观点不仅仅是对女孩的侮辱。
一直宣扬男孩天生就更有能力——尤其在科学、数学等这种科目上——造成的影响远远不止是情感伤害。
伊利诺伊大学香槟分校和中山大学在2012年的一项联合研究发现，相信你天生擅长或不擅长某件事情会影响你在这件事情上的表现。
换句话讲，告诉女孩她们不擅长数学，会增加她们在数学难题上表现不佳的几率。
随着女孩的长大，她们在逐渐远离科学、技术、工程、数学（STEM）这些领域，这点无可置疑。
研究表明，在上学初期，男女生在学习数学和科学的能力上并没有显著差异。
但随着他们表现出对某些科目的兴趣和自信时，差异就逐渐扩大了。
大学里在STEM领域中取得学位的女性不超过20%，而到了职场，女性在STEM领域职位中只占了四分之一。
奥伦斯坦认为这种数据表现了性别模式化对脆弱思想产生的破坏性影响。
“永远21“在2011年推出的一件t恤中称”对代数过敏“，只是众多罪犯中的一个。
有魅力比有想法更重要，社会传达的这种信息对年轻女孩非常不利，丽贝卡·比格勒称。
她是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的心理学和女性性别研究的教授，研究了10-15岁之间女孩们对性别认识的内在化。
她发现，觉得性感魅力对自身意义重大的女生取得的学术成就越少，顺利完成学业的积极性越低。
比格勒还对赫芬顿邮报讲，早期研究还发现这样的女孩自尊心水平较低，平等的恋爱关系较少。
在研究中，比格勒和她的同事首先测试女孩们性别认识内在化的程度：像偏爱性感衣服的女孩得分较高，而喜欢低调衣服的得分较低。
接着，研究人员让女孩们准备录一段新闻广播，并告诉她们，将会以此对其进行评估。
女孩们为自己的片段进行准备的过程被秘密拍摄。
在性别认识内在化测试中得分较高的一组与得分较低的一组相比，用了较多的时间来化妆，较少的时间来阅读稿件。
“这表明，内在化外表更为重要这一观点会产生真实的后果，对学业表现有真切的影响。
”比格勒说。
韦德提出了相似的看法，给女孩贴上“漂亮”的标签——在t恤上或其他东西上——会产生影响。
“年轻女孩的确认识到她们的外表非常、非常重要，这也的确影响着她们看重什么，决定什么，认为自己是什么。
”她说，又补充道。
“小女孩时常听到别人说她们怎样漂亮，她们很快就知道漂亮很重要。
”
男孩也从这些t恤中得到线索，韦德说。
他们认识到“他们应该期望女人服从——服从他们的权威、职业与抱负。
”
这种性别化明显的衣服告诉男孩们他们应该像他们爸爸一样强硬、健壮、聪明，而女孩就该简单地当个闪闪惹人爱的小公主，像她们妈妈一样漂亮。
对比这两套特质，就可以看出为什么男孩会认为女孩处于次级地位，奥伦斯坦说。
这也是为什么小男孩对骂的时候常常使用“像个女孩”这一表达来侮辱对方。
“因为女孩意味着次要，意味着体能不行，意味着弱小。
”奥伦斯坦说。
结果呢？男孩们在很小的时候就开始与女孩和“女孩的行为”拉开距离，这也影响了他们之后对待女性的态度。
亚利桑那州立大学在2013年的一项研究中发现，远离异性，“各自”成长的男孩女孩在进入到成人间的男女关系时，彼此间往往“缺乏谅解”。
了解这一信息后，家长该怎么做呢？
“不再去逛塔吉特商场，”奥伦斯坦略带讽刺地建议。
真正有所帮助的，她说，是向年轻女孩们提供一个更好的框架，来分析她们所看到的。
“我随时都准备着提出问题，像，…天啊，你说为什么男孩的t恤上写着蝙蝠侠，而女孩的T 恤上则写着蝙蝠侠的妻子？很有意思，是不是？还有为什么所有的玩偶都要巨乳丰唇呢？或什么什么的。
…跟孩子一起提出这些疑惑的问题非常有效。
“奥伦斯坦说。
教给儿童批判性地思考媒体、流行文化及商场中出售的商品。
这就是奥伦斯坦所讲的对当代父母最大的挑战。
同样，阿达米科也将与女儿的商场之行当做是谈话的开端。
当她不能在女童区找到超人的t 恤——如她爸爸预料的那样——他们两个开始讨论社会对于儿童的期待。
他满怀希望，今天的儿童将有力作出改变。
“小孩们在男女平等的探讨下成长，…我觉得这是一种好的映射。
“阿达米科说。
而他的女儿，最终穿着一件崭新的“挖矿争霸”的t恤走出商店，并在第二天穿着上学时，尽情沉浸大家对她t恤的赞美中。