【朗阁托福培训】新托福独立写作结构的技巧
【朗阁托福培训】托福阅读常出现的句式有哪些

【朗阁托福培训】托福阅读常出现的句式有哪些备考托福阅读一定要把握难句的主干和重点,首先要弄清它们的类型。
托福阅读考试中常出现的句式有哪些呢?1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句)2.同位语3.并列结构4.that引导的各种从句5.插入结构6.独立主格7.倒装句8.强调句9.虚拟语气对于不同类型的托福阅读难句,把握主干的方法也不一样。
以倒装句为例,主要有下列情况:1.方位副词放在句首Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。
2.介词放在句首Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。
3. 形容词放在句首Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。
4.过去分词放在句首Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”,the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。
新托福学术写作

新托福学术写作摘要:1.新托福学术写作简介2.新托福学术写作的组成部分3.如何提高新托福学术写作能力4.总结正文:【新托福学术写作简介】新托福(TOEFL iBT)学术写作是一项重要的考试内容,旨在评估非英语母语国家人士的英语写作能力。
新托福学术写作主要由两个部分组成:综合写作和独立写作。
综合写作要求考生在阅读一篇文章后,听取讲座或对话,然后结合所读和所听,写出一篇概括性的文章。
而独立写作则要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点,并支持该观点的理由和例子。
【新托福学术写作的组成部分】综合写作部分主要包括以下三个步骤:1.阅读一篇学术性文章,理解文章的主题、论点和论据;2.听取一个讲座或对话,理解讲座或对话的主题、观点和论据;3.结合所读和所听,写出一篇概括性的文章,包括文章的主题、作者的观点、讲座或对话的观点以及如何支持这些观点。
独立写作部分要求考生在30 分钟内完成一篇短文,通常包括以下五个段落:1.引言:简要介绍文章的主题和观点;2.主体:阐述观点,并给出理由和例子;3.主体:阐述观点,并给出理由和例子;4.结论:总结文章的观点,并给出一个有力的结尾;5.结束语:表达对未来的期待或提出对问题的解决办法。
【如何提高新托福学术写作能力】1.多阅读:阅读英文学术文章,了解其结构和写作方式,提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力;2.多练习:进行综合写作和独立写作的练习,学会如何在有限的时间内组织语言和表达观点;3.多背诵:背诵一些常用的句型和表达,提高自己的写作水平;4.多修改:写完后要进行反复修改,检查语法、拼写和用词是否准确;5.多交流:与他人交流写作心得,了解自己的优缺点,取长补短。
【总结】新托福学术写作是一项重要的考试内容,对于备考者来说,提高写作能力是关键。
托福作文格式及写作注意事项

托福作文格式及写作注意事项按照以往考生分享的写作经验来看,托福作文格式可以按照开头空两格来写,也可以直接顶行写,不空格。
但是段落之间要空一行,标点符号要写准确。
那么除此之外,托福写作还有哪些需要注意的事项呢?下面跟小编一起来聊聊托福写作。
托福作文格式解析及写作注意事项一.写作格式独立写作中,考生们常用的作文格式一般有三种,分别是一边倒式、折中式、让步式。
其实三种格式中,考生用的较多的是第一种,一边倒式。
一边倒首先要选择自己的观点,或者支持或者反对,这类文章的优点在于逻辑清晰,阅卷老师也能一眼看的很明白。
另外两种用的较少,写作难度难度较大,一般不建议考生选择。
如果想要尝试,一定要做到论据充分,条理清晰。
综合写作主要考察考生的总结归纳能力,写作时按照标准的写作格式来,归纳时尽量全面,不遗漏。
内容条理清晰即可。
二.托福写作注意事项1. 审题很重要审题是最开始进行的一步,也是非常关键的一步,审好题目才能写好文章,写文章一定要紧扣主题,不能跑偏。
2. 字数要写够托福写作中有字数要求,不能少于要求的最低字数,建议篇幅稍微写长一些,达到300字以上。
3.运用修辞可加分文章不能太过直白,没有任何修饰。
考生在写作时使用拟人、比喻和排比等修辞手法可以为作文加分不少。
另外,运用倒装句也是不错的选择。
使用修辞的前提是你能够很好地驾驭,如果对这些修辞手法运用不熟练或者用错会适得其反。
4.用词多样化使用不同的词来表达相同的意思,保证文章用词多样化,也是为文章加分的举措。
当然,这需要平时多积累词汇。
希望大家在平时多积累同义异形词,并能够熟练应用。
5.文章有深度这一点在独立写作中体现尤为明显,在非常有限的写作时间里,你要对你的观点进行推理、反驳并举出相关的例子,时间很紧张。
所以,首先花时间确定你的论点和例子。
要注意,例子必需要有说服力,能点明论点,不能写的杂乱无章。
托福独立写作范文:小学生应多学科技吗Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: primary schools should spend more time on teaching young students (5-11years old) technology (like computer) than teaching music and art.托福写作模板及参考答案:托福写作范文参考:2016年9月10日托福独立写作范文The question of “ what is the most important subject or skill the elementary schools should teach? ” has never failed to attract attention from educators, school administrators and even politicians especially when it comes to subjects like technology, or music and art. Some argue that school should spend more time teaching technology than music and art. Personally, I am not in favor of this position based on the following reasons.Admittedly, with the advent of internet and state-of-art gadgets like laptop, tablets, being able to use computers skillfully is being considered as a valuable quality. However, early exposure to computers and other kinds of technological products might bring lots of risks and problems to kids’ future development. Recently research by National Society of Psychiatrists shows that exposure to computers at an early age leads to addiction to computers when they grow older and obviously spending toomuch time in front of the computer can pose a threat to kids’ health, to be more specific, it leads to neck problems, nearsightedness, backache and even childhood obesity. Moreover, instead of getting addicted to playing on-line games and watching meaningless videos, kids should have spent more time focusing on their academic study, or even learning how to appreciate artwork or music. Indeed, spending more time learning art and music not only benefits the kids, but also it is conducive the community as whole.First off, learning art and music at an early age helps to develop creativity and make the kids more imaginative. Actually, lots of scientific research in the psychological field shows that early exposure to art and music not only boosts academic achievement but also promotes creativity, self-confidence and school pride; kids who spend more time in learning art and music end up having higher analytical thinking and reasoning skills than kids who don’t.Additionally, spending more time teaching kids music and art can can benefit the whole community. Music and art are a very important part of people’s lives. They are necessary for people to express their emotions, like happiness, sorrow, and even anger regardless of cultural background, ethnicity, age and even gentle. It is very urgent to spend more time teaching kids knowledge about art and music since they bring change, facilitate innovation and help to unite the community. They are the reminder of the past and maker of tomorrow, they also help to convey ideas and different perspectives. More importantly, art and music have great cultural significance, by learning art and music kids will have a strong sense of cultural identity and sense of belonging to community, eventually the traditional values andculture can be passed down to the younger generation.To conclude, it is more advisable to spend more time teaching kids art and music than technology since not only can art and music benefit the individual kid but also it benefits the community as a whole. (By Meng, Yan 448)托福写作范文:城市领导如何保障城市繁荣5月22日托福独立写作真题As the leader of a city, what would you doto ensure the prosperity and success of the city?A. creating job opportunities for theunemployed;B. lowering food price;C. providing affordable housing5月22日托福独立写作范文(新东方赵波)题目大意:作为一个城市的领导想要保障城市的繁荣,要做以下三项:为失业人员提供就业机会,降低食物价格,提供经济适用房。
托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分

托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分?主体内容写法细节也要充分了解。
今日我给大家带来了托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分,盼望能够给关心到大家,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分?主体内容写法细节也要充分了解托福独立写作主体段落结构分析托福独立写作主体段落的文章结构通常如下:Transitional words + topic sentence +development。
假如考生在平常能娴熟运用这样的一个结构来绽开作文,那么考场上就会凭借这份思维定势来关心自己抓住每一分。
中间三个段落都可以套用这种模式。
托福独立写作主体段过渡词介绍Transitional words主要有以下三种,即表挨次:firstly, secondly, finally (last but notleast);表并列:besides, in addition;表对比:in contrast, incomparison。
这些连接词会让文章看起来脉络清楚,组织严密,也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。
托福独立写作主体段主题句写法要点分析主题句,顾名思义,向考官展现的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中间段落中的作用是至关重要的。
通常主题句应当留意一下几点:1.主题句必需是陈述句。
有的考生想在写作中创新,于是采纳反问句或者其他看似多样化的题目,然而这种多样性带来的后果是给考官观点不明确的印象,很自然地会影响到分数。
2.必需表明观点。
假如考生把一句无关痛痒的话放在主题句的位置上,很明显无法表明自身观点。
比如像“今日是晴天”这样的话没有表明观点;然而“今日是个好天气”就包含一种感情颜色在里面,给人一种立场明确的感觉。
考生应当切记:没有反对余地的就不行以作为主题句。
3.态度必需坚决。
但是不能极端。
4.每段必需有主题句,理论上讲没有主题句是可以的,但是考场上不行以,没有主题就会铺张考官的时间去帮你总结主题,然而繁忙的考官是不会那么和善地去分析你的题目来抓取你的观点的。
托福独立写作高分从头开始开头段4种精彩写法实例介绍

托福独立写作高分从头开始开头段4种精彩写法实例介绍万事开头难,这点放到托福考试的写作中也是一样的。
拿到作文题目想好了提纲却不知道如何展开的情况在考生中是比较常见的。
很多同学也比较缺乏一些作文开头段写作经验的积累。
下面小编就来实例分析4种比较理想的托福独立写作开头段写法。
托福独立写作高分从头开始开头段4种精彩写法实例介绍托福独立写作开头段高分写法:开门见山题目:Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.模板:Contrary to the statement’s premise, my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies, because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.点评:开门见山式的开头段写法其实是比较标准的一种写法,因为托福的独立写作从题目要求来说本质上就是一篇议论文,而且还是立论文,需要考生自己提出观点然后论述证明。
那么在开头段就直接鲜明地亮出观点无疑是很合理的写法,对考官来说也能第一时间就看到你的观点,可以说是对读者比较友好的一种写法。
比如上面的这个模板,就是第一句话直接写出了自己对题目的反对立场,并且最后给出了引出下面正式论述的引导句。
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和范文赏析

托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和范文赏析为了让大家更好的预备托福考试,我给大家整理一些托福考试作文范文,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析:important influence of classmates托福写作难点话题一览Are classmates a more important influence than parents on a childs success in school?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Classmates are a more important influence than parents on a childs success in school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.写作思路绽开结构分析要经过比较之后才能选择,并不能一概而论(We should not make sweeping generalizations)。
以下的问题可以关心拓展思路:孩子与谁相处的时间更长一些?(尽管相处时间越长不见得影响就更大) 孩子与谁沟通的更多一些?(许多父母缺乏与孩子进行沟通的技巧) 家长通过什么方式影响孩子?同学通过什么方式影响孩子?或者,可以使用“It depends”的策略:要看哪一方面的影响?比如:饮食习惯的影响?思索方式的影响?审美观点的影响?本话题高分范文赏析It is extremely difficult, maybe even impossible, to generalize the relationships between parents and children.After all, personalities, temperaments, and values differ from person to person as does the ability to raise children.Furthermore, the relationship between parents and child changes over time, and the same is true for relationships between classmates. As a result, the question of who is a more important influence is difficult to answer, but what is undeniable is that parents should and classmates can have significant impact on a childs success in school.Parents are responsible for raising a child, and they should instill the value of education in him. After all, a child who enjoys education and learning is more likely to do well in school. This success will open up all kinds of opportunities in his future, from studying at a reputable university to finding a good job.Therefore, parents should take an active interest in their childs education and help him through difficult times by encouraging and motivating him. Nevertheless, parents must be careful not to force their child to success, particularly in early adolescence. Many teenagers become temporarily alienated from their parents during this period of their life, and a parents insistence on academic excellence against the childs will could further erode their relationship and also have a negative effect on the childs schooling.Relationships to classmates have a significant effect on a childs academic performance, because it is in their company that most of a students learning takes place. Since it is important for children of all ages to be accepted by their peers, much of a students life is spent trying to fit in. Ideally, students will motivate and learn from each other, but often the opposite is the case. A student who shines in the classroom can become a social outcast, because his/her classmates are jealous of his/her performance. This can then cause him/her to become less inclined to study and work hard, because acceptance by the classmates is more important to him/her than high marks.托福独立写作难点话题思路解读和高分范文赏析:workerexperience and salary托福写作难点话题一览Hire an inexperienced worker with low salary or an experienced one with high salary?If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an inexperienced worker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.写作思路绽开结构分析选择哪一个,要看是什么样的工作岗位position。
托福独立写作ETS最爱的让步段怎么写(附模板)

托福独立写作ETS最爱的让步段怎么写(附模板)写好托福写作的让步段是提高托福作文分数的一个好方法,为了帮助大家备考,下面小编给大家带来托福独立写作ETS最爱的让步段怎么写(附模板),来看看吧!托福独立写作ETS最爱的让步段怎么写(附模板)下面的一个场景不知道大家是否有些熟悉,比如在肥皂剧里经常会有这样一个情节:一个女孩迎着一个男孩热切的眼神,颇为羞涩的说:“我知道,你是一个好人。
但是,我觉得我们不合适。
”传说中杀伤力巨大的好人卡有木有?!男孩瞬间受到一万点伤害!然而,如果我跟你讲,有人颇为享受这种好人卡攻击,你会怎么想?很变态有木有?!对,ETS就是这样一个变态的机构,简称“一坨屎”…所以今天我们就来讲讲ETS特别喜欢的一种论证段落:让步段,其论述方式其实就是好人卡模式攻击,瞬间的大规模杀伤力足以让ETS评分的考官欲仙欲死。
让步段的本质就是:提出对方的观点+随后攻击该观点。
这里要引起注意的是,攻击该观点这一步非常重要,不然就会让你的文章对不起观众了。
试想一下,当你在电视剧里看到以下场景:我知道,你是一个好人。
所以——我们就在一起愉快的玩耍吧!如果你是电视机前的观众会是什么反应?一定是内心中万千只神兽奔腾而过,导演,她出门没有看剧本所以,如果不按常理出牌,那后果往往是很严重的。
ETS之所以喜欢看到让步段,官方说法是因为他们认为写了让步段的孩子都是具有批判思维能力的折翼天使,而私下里的原因,当然是因为他们都是受虐狂啦。
而对于我们来说,写让步段的好处一方面可以在我们只能想出两个理由的时候救救急,撑满我们的字数,另一方面也可以让我们提前设计好更多的套路,迎合考官的口味,从而拿到一个更好的分数。
就比如我们拿到一个题目:尝试新事物好还是做已经做得很好的事情比较好。
如果我想要证明尝试新事物好,那我一般会先列举两个理由,比如说尝试新事物可以让我们有全新的经验啦,可以激发我们其他的兴趣啦,之类的巴拉巴拉。
然后我会来一个让步段:不可否认,做已经做得很好的事情也有它的好处,比如说可以提高成功率,提高效率。
托福独立写作范文三两招突破独立写作系列

托福独立写作范文三两招突破独立写作系列为了让大家更好的预备托福考试,我给大家整理一些托福考试作文小技巧,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
托福独立写作范文| 三两招突破独立写作系列(一)写作范文今日一招:“四两拨千斤”解读:一句话完成“对比”性的争论“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to work for a business owned by someone else than to work for a business owned by your family.”我们以【立场:work for a business owned by someone else】为例,展现这一招“四两拨千斤”:先争论对方的劣势:假如work for a business owned by my family,可能会让我感到不适。
If I work for a business owned by my family, the atmosphere of the company may feel strange, making me uncomfortable. This is my case, actually. I declined the offer from my uncle’s company for theconsideration that since I may be recognized as the nephew of the company’s owner, other staff may show a defensive attitude and gesture when they work with me. They may exchange ideas behind my back, and although those ideas may not be bad words about the company, they would not involve me in the discussion. Meanwhile, the office may be a stressful place, because there in their eye is a spy or a snitcher, which is me. I do not think that I could feel comfortable working in such an environment as my coworkers would behave with too much discretion in front of me.至此,我们发觉,我们充分争论了对方的不利之处。
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【朗阁托福培训】新托福独立写作结构的技巧
朗阁托福培训中心
新托福独立写作的技巧有很多,如果说前面几项要求比较偏重于考生的英语基本功的考察,那么今天我们来分析一下最后一项,也是比较容易把分数收入囊中的一个得分点:写作结构。
本文中,朗阁托福培训中心的专家将向考生们分享如何通过对于新托福独立写作题目的解读来决定自己的行文结构。
通过对过去一年新托福独立写作题目的分析,不难发现题目中的主流题型仍然是Do you agree or disagree with the following statement, 其中又细化为“一般称述”、“含有绝对词”和“比较级”三类,以下各举一例供大家参考。
第一类例如2014年3月22日Young school children should be required to study art and music in addition to math language science and history. 第二类例如2014年4月19日For any business to be successful, it must spend a lot of money on advertising. 第三类例如2014年3月16日It is easier to be well-educated today than it is in the past.
以上这三类出题方式从本质上来说仍然是辩证分析类题目,所以行文结构可以采取“一边倒”或者“让步式”的写法。
其中“一边倒”的写法为广大考生所熟悉,主要是因为考生认为“一边倒”的文章结构操作起来比较容易,对于辩证逻辑的要求较低。
但是值得注意的是,如果考生选择了一边倒的写法,在全文五段式的基础上主体段就必须有切入视角区分度比较大的三个分论点进行支撑。
这么做一方面是基于字数破300争取350-400的考虑,另一方面也是要体现出看问题角度的多样性。
事实证明如果主体段只写两个分论点,虽然字数达到考试要求,但是分数仍然不会很高,很大程度上是由于论证角度的局限性,给考官提供的样本量不足,无法充分展示考生的多角度看问题的能力。
当然,笔者更建议对Agree or Disagree 类型的题目采取让步式的写法,因为这种写法更有利于体现出考生的辩证思考能力。
因为事物都是一体两面的,如果结论可以是倾向式的赞成和反对会显得更加客观。
当然在论证的时候也要尤其注意,在三个分论点中可以有两个是同方向的,另一个论点应该是在反方向论证的基础上在内部进行打击、否定和反驳。
避免出现两好加一坏等于全盘都是好的荒唐结论。
下面来看一个真题演练:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Museum entry should be free.
这道题如果写成“一边倒”的形式,无论是支持还是反对,都至少应该从社会公平、文化传播、经济角度、博物馆自身还有参观者体验度等这些角度中选择三个具有区分度的来写,避免从单一的参观者的角度去写三段。
然而这道题也完全可以采取“让步式”的写法,可以先说两个支持免费的点,比如有利于社会公平和文化传播,但是第三个点就应该是承认门票收入可以用来保障博物馆的日常运营和维护这一优点,并且在该段落内部反驳其实政府应该给予博物馆更多的财政支持,而并非让参观者来承担这笔费用,甚至还可以稍微提及纳税人的权利这一点来增加说服力。
值得注意的是除了主流的出题形式之外,还有一部分题目会涉及选择倾向性的考察,常见形式有二选一和三选一两种。
比如2014年3月15日Which is the best way for students to make friends: joining a sports team, participating in community activities or traveling? 相较之下,这种题目的行文结构反而变得比较固定,除去开头结尾两段之外,中间的主体三段式论证主要是一个段落重点突破一个选项,用一段话论证哪一个被选择,另外两段分述剩下两个点为什么被舍弃即可。
当然,也可以通过三个切入点,分别分析三个选项的利弊。
但是很明显前者操作的难度较低,比较适合绝大多数的考生使用。
下面来看一个真题演练:
During the economic crisis, local governments often reduce the money they spend in some areas. In your opinion, if a local government is facing economic problems, which of the following areas should it spend less money on? Library, public transportation and police.
可能很多考生会觉得自己并非是经济学专业的学生,遇到类似于“经济危机”这样的话题会无从下笔,其实只要能够结合日常生活经验进行一定的逻辑推理,还是可以应付绝大数问题
的。
比如选择削减对于图书馆的财政支出,理由可以是它的可替代性较高,比如网络等新兴媒介。
而公共交通和警备力量不能被削减是因为在经济危机时这两方面临着更大的压力,比如失业导致更多人利用公共交通以及社会不稳定因素的增加,所以不能削减在这两方面的财政支持。
综上所述,了解了新托福独立写作的常见出题形式,并且能够结合具体问题进行具体的多角度的分析,文章结构很容易在拿到题目的1-2分钟内确定好,从而在最短的时间内完成题目要求并且抓住结构的技巧。
(本文来自朗阁教育托福培训考试教研组,供广大考生学习使用,转载请注明出处)。