完整版吴伟仁美国文学第一册学习指南填空题集合

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吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解

20.1复习笔记 20.2考研真题与典型题详解
21.1复习笔记 21.2考研真题与典型题详解
22.1复习笔记 22.2考研真题与典型题详解
23.1复习笔记 23.2考研真题与典型题详解
24.1复习笔记 24.2考研真题与典型题详解
25.1复习笔记 25.2考研真题与典型题详解
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第26章埃兹拉·庞德
目录分析
第1章约翰·史密斯
第2章威廉·布拉德福德和约翰·温思罗
普
第3章约翰·科顿和罗杰·威廉姆斯
第4章安妮·布雷兹特里特和爱德华·泰勒
1.1复习笔记 1.2考研真题与典型题详解
2.1复习笔记 2.2考研真题与典型题详解
3.1复习笔记 3.2考研真题与典型题详解
4.1复习笔记 4.2考研真题与典型题详解
11.1复习笔记 11.2考研真题与典型题详解
12.1复习笔记 12.2考研真题与典型题详解
13.1复习笔记 13.2考研真题与典型题详解
14.1复习笔记 14.2考研真题与典型题详解
15.1复习笔记 15.2考研真题与典型题详解
16.1复习笔记 16.2考研真题与典型题详解
17.1复习笔记 17.2考研真题与典型题详解
第5章本杰明·富兰克林
第6章托马斯·佩恩
第7章托马斯·杰斐逊
第8章菲利普·弗瑞诺
5.1复习笔记 5.2考研真题与典型题详解
6.1复习笔记 6.2考研真题与典型题详解
7.1复习笔记 7.2考研真题与典型题详解
8.1复习笔记 8.2考研真题与典型题详解
第9章华盛
1
顿·欧文
第10章詹姆
2
27.1复习笔记 27.2考研真题与典型题详解

美国文学填空填空题练习

Part I. The Literature of Colonial America1. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was American Puritanism11. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the Puritan values that dominated much of the early American writing.Part II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution3. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called the General Magazine.4. Benjamin Franklin's best writing is found in his masterpiece Autobiography9. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was Philip Freneau10. Philip Freneau's famous poem The British Prison Ship was written about his imprisoned experience.11. Philip Freneau was considered as the " poet of the American Revolution. "12. Philip Freneau has been called the "Father of American Poetry."14. In American literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of Reason and Revolution.Part III. The Literature of Romanticism1. In the early nineteenth century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.2. In 1828, Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.3. In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his remarkable dictionary named Dictionary of the English Language.4. The Civil War of 1861—1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of Slavery5. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called the Transcendental Club.6. The Transcendental Club often met at Ralph Waldo Emerson's Concord home.7.Washington Irving was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.8. At nineteen, Washington Irving published in his brother's newspaper, his "Jonathan Old style" satires of New York life.9. In Washington Irving's work The Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.10. In Paris, Washington Irving met John Howard Payne, the American dramatist and actor, with whom Irving wrote his brilliant social comedy Charles the Second, or The Merry Monarch.11. The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving's work named The Sketch Book.12.Washington Irving was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.13. Washington Irving' s first book appeared in 1809. It was entitled The History of New York.14. Washington Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Gold¬smith, and the other is Life of Washington.15. The first important American novelist was James Fenimore Cooper16. James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Spy was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.17. The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was The Pilot. The hero of the novel represents John Paul Jones, the great naval fighter of the Revolutionary War.18. The central figure in the Leather stocking Tales is Natty Bumppo , who goes by the various names of Leather stocking,Deer slayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.19. To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant ' s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic " the most perfect brief poem in the language. "20.William Cullen Bryant was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature.21. Among William Cullen Bryant's most important later works are his translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey into English blank verse.22. Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Bells is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language.23. Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Raven was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection.24. Ralph Waldo Emerson was responsible for bringing transcendentalism to New England.25. Ralph Waldo Emerson's truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson's theories, was Henry David Thoreau26. In 1845, Henry David Thoreau began a two-year residence at Walden Pond.27. A superb book entitled Walden came out of Henry David Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.28. From Henry David Thoreau's Concord jail experience, came his famous essay Civil Disobedience.29. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter.30. Herman Melville's novel Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.31. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's first collection of poems entitled Voices of the Night appeared in 1838.32. The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's writings is his translation of Dante's Divine Comedy.33. Besides lyrics and longer poems Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote dramatic works, among which Michael Angelo is the most conspicuous.34. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Lowell are the only two American poets commemorated in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.35. After his death, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.36. The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outburst of the Civil War.37. The English author named Sir Walter Scott was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance. His Waverley novels were models for American historical romances.38. Published in 1823, The Pioneers was the first of the Leather stocking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.39. In The Pioneers, Natty Bumppo represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God' s world.40. In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson41. Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay The American Scholar has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence". It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.42. Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was Henry David Thoreau a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson' s and his junior by some fourteen years.43. The way in which Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.44. Herman Melville's world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to Nathaniel Hawthorne a novelist.45. It is said that in his late years, Herman Melville stopped writing novels and stories and turned to poetry, Clarel is his most famous poetic work.46. Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named Moby Dick which is, critics have agreed, one of theworld's greatest masterpieces.Part IV. The Literature of Realism1. Realism had originated in the country France as a literary doctrine that called for "reality and truth" in the depiction of ordinary life.2. The arbiter of nineteenth century literary realism in America was William Dean Howells.3. Henry James probed deeply at the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.4. Mark Twain, breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since.5. Darwinism had an evident influence on naturalism. It seemed to stress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.6. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse, that is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.7. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman gave America its first genuine epic poem.8. There is no doubt that the solitary Emily Dickinson of Amherst, Massachusetts, is a poet of great power and beauty.9. There was only one female prose writer in the nineteenth century. That was Harriet Beecher Stowe10. Harriet Beecher Stowe's masterpiece is Uncle Tom's Cabin.11. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name Mark Twain .12. One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens' best books Life on the Mississippi is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.13. The result of Mark Twain's European trip was a series of newspaper articles, later published as a book called Innocents Abroad.14. Mark Twain was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi.15. Mark Twain's work The Mysterious Stranger tells of the visits of an angel to the village of Eseldorf in Austria in 1590.16. William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was O. Henry, was the author of The Cop and the Anthem.17. Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor people in New York.18. 0. Henry sympathized with the poor's lot and hated those rich who exploited and despised them. This is especially seen in his story entitled An Unfinished story.19. It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named De Maupassant as a model, and there is indeed much in common between these two writers.20. The title of one of O. Henry's books The Four Millions indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, instead of only the upper class.21. Henry James' first novel is Watch and Ward, which failed to make him famous.22. The novel which was described by an American critic as "an outrage to American girlhood" is Henry James' Daisy Miller .23. Henry James' first important fiction was A Passionate Pilgrim in which he took up for the first time the theme of The American in Europe.24. In 1881, Henry James published his novel The Portrait of a Lady, which is generally considered as his masterpiece.25. Henry James is considered the founder of Psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator.26. The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is Isabel Archer.27. In 1902 Jack London published his first novel A Daughter of the Snows .28. Martin Eden is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.29. The first novel of Theodore Dreiser was Sister Carrie.30. The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Theodore Dreiser's masterpiece An American Tragedy.31. The protagonisw of Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire is Frank Cowperwood.32. Theodore Dreiser visited the Soviet Union in 1927 and published Dreiser Looks at Russia the following year.33. Theodore Dreiser's novel Sister Carrie , a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society.34. Mark Twain's first novel, The Gilded Age was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize.35. Three years' life on the Mississippi left such a fond memory with Mark Twain that he returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. His book Life on the Mississippi relates it in a vivid, moving way.36. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain' s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, "all modern American literature comes. "37. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , which was a success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization.38. Stephen Crane is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.39. Stephen Crane's novel Maggi; A Girl of the Streets relates the story of a good woman' s down¬ fall and destruction ina slum environment.40. War in the novel The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger.41. Benjamin Frank Norris' novel McTe ague has been called "the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel" and "a consciously naturalistic manifesto".42. Jack London's masterwork Martin Eden is somewhat autobiographical.43. O. Henry's The Gift of the Magi is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWII1. The First World War stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.2. American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a "Lost Generation " , devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.3. The most significant American poem of the twentieth century was The Waste Land.4. The publication of The Waste Land, written by Thomas Stearns Eliot, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.5. In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in Main Street .6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel The Great Gatsby7. The Great Depression of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation's self-confidence.8. An American woman writer named Gertrude Stein who had lived in Paris since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name "the Lost Generation".9. William Faulkner wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States, and its effecton the lives of modern people, both black and white.10. Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the "Imagist" movement.11. Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poem called The Cantos.12. One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, Captain Craig, once came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.13. Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was honored with the Pulitzer Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.14. Robert Frost' s first book A Boy's Will brought him to the attention of influential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as an authentic poet.15. Robert Frost's second volume of poems was North of Boston16. "After Apple-Picking" is a well-known poem written by Robert Frost17. New Hampshire, one of Robert Frost's longest poems, is a very witty and wise anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character.18. At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln including "The Prairie Years" and "The War Years".19. Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rather modern tendency to represent it in literature such as in his The People,Yes .20. Wallace Stevens was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very re¬markable contemporary poet at the same time.21. At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems, entitled Harmonium.22. The Necessary Angel is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectures on poetry.23. For the publication of his Collected Poems, Wallace Stevens received the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.24. After his death, Wallace Stevens' s previously uncollected works appeared under the title Opus Posthumous.25. In 1915, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his Prufrock and Other Observations.26. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his The Sacred Wood, containing, among other essays, "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the earliest statement of his aesthetics.27. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his masterpiece The Waste Land, one of the major works of modern literature.28. As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of his close friend Ezra Pound in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.29. Thomas Stearns Eliot's later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by Ash-Wednesday,a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt.30. In his work The Hollow Men, Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw men, the Guy Fawkles men, whose world would end "not with a bang, but a whimper."31. Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day than Thomas Stearns Eliot, and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.32. Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which is Murder in the Cathedral, a verse play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.33. Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was Four Quartets, a profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts.34. F. Scott Fitzgerald's first novel This Side of Paradise, with its portrayal of casual dissipations of "flaming youth" , was an immediate commercial success.35. In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel The Great Gatsby. It is the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.36. F. Scott Fitzgerald' s second novel The Beautiful and the Damned describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himself and Zelda.37. The hero in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel Tender is the Night is a psychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth.38. F. Scott Fitzgerald's last novel The Last Tycoon remained unfinished.39. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway became the spokes¬ man for what Gertrude Stein had called "a Lost Generation".40. Emest Hemingway's stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel A Farewell to Arms in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.41. Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls stated again Hemingway ' s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people.42. In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman named Santiago, who shows triumphant even in defeat.43. In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a Nobel Prize for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".44. Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingway's life and those of his characters, but fewer were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work Across the River and into the Trees.45. In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novel entitled The Old Man and the Sea, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954.46. In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tales of the Jazz Age became the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway' s novel The Sun also Rises painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation.47. Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do.48. The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway's writing The Fifth Column, a play which was universally deplored.49. John Steinbeck was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s.50. In the short novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers.51. In the work The Long Valley John Steinbeck described the fate of the lowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction.52. The Grapes of Wrath is generally regarded as John Steinbeck's masterpiece.53. In 1935, John Steinbeck published Tortilla Flat, a collection of short stories which vividly described the life of poor Mexican-Americans with affection and humor.54. John Steinbeck's post-war novel The Pearl reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy, rapacious elements of society which made the war possible.55. Quentin is a character in William Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury56. Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkner's novel Light in August.57. The works written by William Faulkner may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.58. Katherine Ann Porter's novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts, "Embarkation", "High Sea" , "The Harbors"59. In her essay "Place in Fiction" , Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of for literary creations. She is noted for her fidelity to the American South, so her major theme relate to place, traditional southern family relationships.60. Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, and her well-known novels are and The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Cafe61. One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adapt European avantgardism to American writing is Nathanael West62. The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against the prevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on thetheme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by John Crowe Ransom's collection of critical essays The New Criticism .Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWII2. In poetry, Postmodernism strives to go against the vogue of the New Critical poem and its parent style, the High Modernism of the previous decades.4. Allen Ginsberg is the spokesman of postwar Beat Generation in American literary history.17. J. D. Salinger is probably best known for his novel The Catcher in the Rye26. Joseph Heller's Catch-22is one of the most famous novels dealing with the subject of absurdity in typical "obscure" techniques.Part VII. American Drama1. Eugene O' Neill is the first master in the American history of drama.2. In 1916, Eugene O' Neill's first play Bound East for Cardiff was put on by the Province-town Players, which was significant not only for him but for American Drama.5. Eugene O' Neill received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon and Anna Christie between 1920 and 1922, and Nobel Prize in 1936.10. The Theater of the Absurd in the 1950s and 1960s refers to some plays, some of which center on the meaninglessness of life with its pain and suffering that seems funny, even ridiculous. Edward Albee is one of the representatives.Part VIII. Multi-ethnic Literature1. African American literature centers on a myth, though also biblical, quite different from that on which mainstream American literature is based.2. African American literature is patterned on a myth of_deliverance from slavery, that of the Hebrew prophet Moses leading the Jews in their flight from the bondage in Egypt.3. African American literature has undergone a long process of evolution. Its early form was oral, including songs, ballads and spirituals, in short, folk literature in its various manifestations.6. In the 1940 Richard Wright's Native Son came out as a watershed in the tradition of the African American novel.7. Toni Morrison and Alice Walker are two of the most important female African American novelists.14. By far the most important person in the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes known as African Americans' poet laureate, who ultimately outgrew the movement, and developed into one of the major African American authors to help make African American culture.15. Langston Hughes was one of the founders of the black theater in the Federal Theater Project during the Depression. 18. Native Son by Richard Wright is a story about an African American adolescent's growth of awareness. It consists of three sections, namely "Fear", "Right" and "Fate".19. African American literature attained a higher degree of maturity in 1952 when Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man appeared in print.21. Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon is seen as another milestone in African American literature after Native Son and Invisible Man. It tells the story of an African American trying to recover his family roots.29. Another important Asian American writer is Amy Tan, whose first novel, The Joy Luck Club, made quite a stir on the contemporary American literary scene and brought Asian American literature to the intensive scrutiny of readers and critics alike.。

吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》章节题库(含考研真题)(理性时代和革命时期文学)【圣才出品】

第二章理性时代和革命时期文学填空题1. In Philadelphia, ______ edited the Pennsylvania Magazine, and contributed to the Pennsylvania Journal.【答案】Thomas Paine2. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet ______ appeared.【答案】Common Sense【解析】1776年美国独立的风潮开始，托马斯·潘恩支持美国独立，反对英国的殖民专政，撰写了他的成名小册子《常识》，为美国从英国殖民中独立出来辩论，批评英国国王残暴无能，认为独立后的美国应该建立共和国。

3. Except Common Sense, Paine’s the other two famous works were______ and ______.【答案】The Rights of Man，The Age of Reason【解析】潘恩著名的作品包括，《常识》、《人的权利》、《理性的时代》。

4. Thomas Paine’s second most important work ______ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729-1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。

《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。

Y美国文学吴伟仁版_模拟练习与答案

Y美国文学吴伟仁版_模拟练习与答案第三章模拟练习与答案Blank Filling1. In the early nineteenth century, Washington Irving wrote .which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.2. The Romantic period in the American literary history covers the time between the end of the century to the outbreak of the . It started with the publication of Irving's and ended with Whitman's . This period is also called.3. Irving's The Sketch Book is a collection of essays, sketches and tales, of which the most famous and frequently anthologized are and .4. The Transcendental Club often met at 's Concord home.5. Emersonian Transcendentalism is actually a philosophical school which absorbed some ideological concerns of American and Euro pean Romanticism.6. was regarded as Father of the American short stories.7. Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Goldsmith, andthe other is .8. Cooper's novel was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.9. The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is. , who goes by the various names of Leatherstocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.10. In , Whitman airs his sorrow at President Lincoln's death.11. The great work not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau's owntranscendental philosophy.12. In , Whitman's own early experience may well be identifiedwith the childhood of a young growing America.13. "Imbued with an inquiring imagination, an intensely meditative mind, and unceasing interest in the ntenor of the heart' of man's being" is used to describe .14. by Melville is a novella about a ship whose black slave cargo mutiny holds their captain a terrorized hostage.15. A superb book came out of Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.16. From Thoreau's Concord jail experience, came his famous essay17. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne's novel .18. Melville's novel is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.19. The best of Cooper's sea romances was .The hero of the novel represents John Pall Jones, the great naval fighter of the Revolutionary War.20. is the narrator in Moby-Dick.21. Transcendentalism was put forward by the people from .22. has been regarded as "America's Declaration of Intellectual Independence."23. Published in 1823, was the first of the Leatherstocldng Tales, in their publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.24. The way in which wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.25. can somewhat be called "the Father of the Americandetective story".II. Multiple Choice1. Statement is wrong in describing Nathaniel Hawthorne.A. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is over-reaching intellectB. Hawthorne is a realistic writerC. Hawthorne is also a great allegoristD. Hawthorne is a master of symbolism2. In Walt Whitman's "There was a Child Went Forth," the child refers to .A. the poet himself as a childB. any American childC. the young AmericaD. one of the poet's neighbor3. In Moby-Dick, the voyage symbolizes .A. the microcosm of human societyB. a search for truthC. the unknown worldD. nature4. Thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with .A. natureB. transcendentalist ideasC. human beingsD. celestial beings5. The Transcendentalist group includes two of the most significant writers America has produced so far, Emerson and .A. Henry David ThoreauB. Washington IrvingC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Wait Whitman6. tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways.A. Twice-Told TalesB. The Scarlet LetterC. The House of the Seven GablesD. The Marble Faun7. is regarded as the first American prose epic.A. NatureB. The Scarlet LetterC. WaldenD. Moby-Dick8. The Romantic Period of American literature started with the publication of Washington Irving's and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass.A. The Sketch BookB. Tales of a TravelerC. The AlhambraD. A history of New York9. Washington Irving's social conservation and literary for the past isrevealed, to some extent, in his famous story, .A. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"B. "Rip Van Winkle"C. "The Custom-House'D. "The Birthmark"10. Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not true?A. "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is a short story.B. "Benito Cereno" is a novella.C. The Confidence -Man has something to do with the sea and sailors.D. Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American Prose epic.11. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT .A. mystery of the universeB. sin of the whaleC. power of the Great NatureD. evil of the world12. The convention of the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature in American literature is particularly evident in .A. Cooper's Leatherstocking TalesB. Hawthorne's The Scarlet LetterC. Whitman's Leaves of GrassD. Irving's Rip Van Winkle13. As a philosophical and literary movement, flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.A. modernismB. rationalismC. sentimentalismD. transcendentalism14. In Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, "A" may stands for .A. AdulteryB. AngelC. AmiableD. All the above15. is not the member of Transcendental Club.A. EmersonB. ThoreauC. WhitmanD. Fuller16. Poe's first collection of short stories is .A. Tales of a TravellerB. Leatherstocking TalesC. Canterbury TalesD. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque17. For Melville, as well as for the reader and , the narrator, MobyDick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A. StarbuckB. StubbC. IshmaelD. Arab18. Choose the characters which appear in the novel The Scarlet Letter.A. Hester PrynneB. Atthur DimmesdaleC. Roger ChillingworthD. Pearl19. was a romanticized account of Melville's stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville become known as the" man who lived among cannibals".A. Moby DickB. TypeeC. OmooD. Billy Budd20. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as .A. the Naturalist PeriodB. the Modern PeriodC. the Romantic PeriodD. the Realistic Period21. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except .A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance22. In the following works, which signs the beginning of the American literature?A. The Sketch Book.B. Leaves of Grass.C. Leatherstocking Tales.D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.23. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except .A. religionB. love and marriageC. life and deathD. war and peace24. Emily Dickinson's poetic idiom is noted for the following except .A. brevityB. directnessC. plainest wordsD. obscure25. "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity." The thoughtis reflected in .A. Nathaniel Hawthorne's Young Goodman BrownB. Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Walt Whitman's Leaves of GrassD. Herman Melville's Moby Dick26. It is on his that Washington Irving's fame mainly rested.A. tales about AmericaB. early poetryC. childhood recollectionsD. sketches about his European tours27. is the most ambivalent writer in the American literary history.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Walt WhitmanC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Mark Twain28. In Hawthorne's novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as .A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers29. Washington Irving's Rip Van Winkle is famous for .A. Rip's escape into a mysterious placeB. The srory's German legendary source materialC. Rip's seeking for happinessD. Rip's 20-year sleep30. The publication of established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul31. Which of the following is not a work of Emily Dickinson's?A. This is my letter to the world.B. I heard a Fly buzz-when I died.C. The Road Not T aken.D. I like to see it lap the Miles.32. In the history of literature, Romanticism is regarded as .A. the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experienceB. the thought that designates man as a social animalC. the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in commonD. the modes of thinking33. Which three novels drew from Melville's adventures among the people of the South Pacific islands?A. Typee.B. Omoo.C. Mardi.D. Redburn.34. In the poem "Song of Myself", Whitman sets forth the principle beliefs of .A. the theory of universalityB. singularity and equality of all beings in valueC. both A and BD. none above35. Most of the poems in Whitman's Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-mass"and the as well.A. natureB. lifeC. selfD. self-reliance36. Emily Dickinson's poems (441) "This is my letter to the World" expresses the poet's about her communication with the outside world.A. indignationB. joyC. anxietyD. indifference37. Which of the following features cannot characterize poems by Walt Whitman?A. Lyrical and well-structured.B. Free-flowing.C. Simple and rather crude.D. Conversational and casual.38. Which of the following writings is not finished by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Nature.B. Essays.C. The Over-Soul.D. Of Studies.39. In "I heard a Fly buzz-when I died", Emily Dickinson describes the moment of death .A. passionatelyB. pessimisticallyC. in despairD. peacefully40. Which book is not written by Emerson?A. Representative Men.B. English Traits.C. Nature.D. The Rhodora.III.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in EnglishPassage 1"I like to see it lap the Miles...and lick the Valleys up...And stop to feed itself at Tanks...And then...prodigious step"Questions:A. Please give the name of the author.B. What does "it" in this poem refer to?C. What idea does this poem express?Passage 2"I celebrated myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume.For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you."Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B. Whom does "you" refer to?C. What are the two principle beliefs that the poet set forth on this poem?Passage 3"The harpoon was darted; the stricken whale flew forward; with igniting velocity the line ran through the grooves;...ran foul. Arab stopped to clear it; he did clear it; but the flying turn caught him round the neck, and voicelessly as Turkish mutes bowstring their victim, he was shot out of the boat, ere the crew knew thewas gone."A. Identify the author and the work.B. Who is Ahab?C. What happens to Ahab in the end?Passage 4"It was with some difficulty he found the way to his own house, which he approached with silent awe, expecting every moment to hear the shrill voice of Dame Van Winkle. He found the house gone to decay -- the roof fallen in, the windows shattered, and the doors off the hinges. A half starved dog, that looked like Wolf, was skulking about it. Rip called him by name, but the cur snarled, showed his teeth, and passed on. This was an unkind cut indeed -- 'My very dog,' sighed poor Rip, 'has forgotten me!'Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B. Whom does Dame Van Winkle refer to?C. Why was it difficult for him to find his house?Passage 5"From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by the name of SLEEPY HOLLOW, andits rustic lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the neighboring country. Drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere. Some say that the place was bewitched by a high German doctor, during the early days of the settlement; others, that an old Indian chief, the product or wizard of his tribe, held his powwows there before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson."Questions:A. Who is the writer of this short story from which the passage is taken?B. What is the title of this short story?C. Give a definition of" short story"."To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars. The rays that come from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and vulgar things. One might think the atmosphere was made transparent with this design, to give man, in the heavenly bodies, the perpetual presence of the sublime. Seen in the streets of cities, how great they are! If the stars should appear one night in a thousand years, how would men believe and adore; and preserve for many generations the remembrance of the city of God which had been shown! But every night come out these preachers of beauty, and light the universe with their admonishing smile."Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B. Give a brief comment on this passage.Passage 7Hester Prynne's term of confinement was now at an end. Her prison-door was thrown open, and she came forth into the sunshine which, falling on all alike, seemed, to her sick and morbid heart, as if meant for no other purpose than to reveal the scarlet letter on her breast. Perhaps there was a more real torture in her first unattended footsteps from the threshold of the prison, than even in the procession and spectacle that have been described, where she was made the common infamy, at which allmankind was summoned to point its finger. Then, she was supposed by an unnatural tension of the nerves, and by all the combative energy of her character, which enabled her to convert the scene into a kind of lurid triumph.Questions:A. Which novel is this selection taken from?B. What is the name of the novelist?C. What do you think is the symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter onHester's breast?Passage 8"Arms and the clarion for the battle, but the song of thanksgiving to the victory!" answered the liberated David. "Friend," he added, thrusting forth his lean, delicate hand forwards Hawkeye, in kindness, while his eyes twinkled and grew moist, "I thank thee the hairs of my head still grow where they were first rooted by Providence for, though those of other men may be more glossy and curling, I have ever found mine own well suited to the brain they shelter. That I did not join myself to the battle, was less owing to disinclination, than to the bonds of the heathen. Valiant and skillful hast thou proved thyself in the conflict, and I hereby thank thee, before proceeding to discharge other and more important duties, because thou hast proved thyself well worthy of a Christian's praise."...Questions:A. This novel was written by the American novelist. What is his name?B. What is the name of the novel?C. The central figure in this novel appeared in this passage. It is .Passage 9I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not Ii'red. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a comer, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a tree account of it in my next excursion. For most men, it appears to me, are in a strange uncertainty about it, whether it is of the devil or of God.A. This passage is taken from a famous work entitledB. The author of the work isC. List by yourself at least five reasons that the author gives for going go live in the woods.Passage 10Lo! In you brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy-Land!Questions:A. This is the last stanza of a poem "T o Hellen". Its writer is .B. With whom is Hellen associated in line 4?C. Who is Psyche?IV.Give brief answers to each of the following questions inEnglish1. Emily Dickinson is now recognized not only as a great poetess on her ownright but as a poetess of considerable influence upon American poetry of the present century. What are the qualities of her poems?2. Emerson is generally known as an essayist. What is the style of his proses?3. In American literature history, the Romantic Period, during which many amous writers and their masterpieces came into being, played an impor-tant role. Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Walt Whitman,etc., all of whom are not ignored by us. According to their writings, dis-cuss the features of American literature in this period.4. Nathaniei Hawthorne is one of the most interesting, yet most ambivalent riters in the American literary history. According to him, "There is evil in very human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole ife; but circumstances may rouse it to activity." Based on this thought, he ompleted Young Goodman Brown. Try to discuss the theme of this work.5. Moby Dick by Herman Melville is one of the few books in American litera-ure that has produced an exciting effect upon readers. Try to discuss the ymbolism in the book.第一章模拟练习与答案I．Blank Filling1. Hard work , thrift, piety and sobriety, thses were the values that dominated much of the early American writing.2. The American poets who emerged in the seventeenth century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new environment.Bradstreet was one such poet.3. wrote his most impressive work The Magnalia Christi America.4. The writer who best expressed the Puritan faith in the colonial period was .5. The Puritan philosophy known as was important in New England during the colonial time, and had a profound influence on the early American mind for several generations.6. Before his death, Jonathan . had gained a position as America's first systematic philosopher.7. Jonathan Edwards' masterpiece is .8. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by .II. Multiple Choice1. The Puritan dominating values were .A. hard workB. thriftC. pietyD. sobriety2. Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true?A. He was a great Puritan historian.B. He was an inexhaustible'writer.C. He was a skillful preacher and an eminent theologian.D. He was a graduate of Oxford College.3. Jonathan Edwards' best and most representative sermon was .A. A True Sight of SinB. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodC. A Model of Christian CharityD. God's Determinations4. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the .A. RevolutionismB. ReasonC. IndividualismD. Rationalism5. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made sucha stir in England that she became known as the“” who appeared in America.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First MuseIII. Identification of FragmentsI heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the same stringSeeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voices raise,And in their kind resound their Maker's praise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays?Questions:1. This is the ninth of the Contemplations written by an early Americanwoman writer. What is her name?2. Make a brief comment on this short poem.。

吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】

第二章吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（二）I. Fill in the blanks1. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s masterpiece is ______.【答案】Uncle Tom’s Cabin【解析】比彻·斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896）的名作长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激废奴主义于1850年代兴起的一大原因。

2. The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as “_______”.【答案】The Gilded Age【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。

3. Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the “______”movement.【答案】imagism【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。

4. Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote ______, which has been called “the Manifesto ofA merican Transcendentalism,”and ______, which has been regarded as A merica’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence.”【答案】Nature；“The A merican Scholar”【解析】爱默生的《论自然》被称为“美国超验主义的宣言”，其《美国学者》则被誉为美国知识分子的独立宣言。

5. William Bradford’s work ______ consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, and the second book describes the signing of the “Compact”.【答案】MayflowerII. Multiple Choice1. Which ONE of the following is the author of The Leather-Stocking Tales?A. Henry David ThoreauB. Washington IrvingC. Edgar Allan PoeD. James Fennimore Cooper【答案】D【解析】James Fenimore Cooper（库柏），美国早期作家，The Leather-Stocking Tales （《皮裹腿故事集》）是他的经典之作。

吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第一~二章【圣才出品】

第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。

其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。

2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。

美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。

3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。

清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。

这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。

4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and______, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward T aylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。

5. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by ______.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。

《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题

《美国文学史及选读》考研吴伟仁版考研复习笔记和真题第一部分殖民地时期的美国文学第1章约翰·史密斯1.1 复习笔记I. Historical Introduction (历史背景)(1) At the beginning of the seventeenth century, the vast continental area that was to become the United States had been probed only slightly by English and European explorers. At last early in the seventeenth century, the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.(2) The colonies that became the first United States were for the most part sustained by English traditions, ruled by English laws, supported by English commerce, and named after English monarchs and English lands.(3) The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of the settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, about adapting to new life and dealing with Indians; they wrote letters, contracts, government charters, religious and political statements.(4) The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was Captain John Smith, an English soldier of fortune.His reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English. (1) 直到17世纪初，美国所在的广袤大陆才被英国及少数几个欧洲国家的探险家涉足。

美国文学填空填空题练习

Part I. The Literature of Colonial America1. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was American Puritanism11. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the Puritan values that dominated much of the early American writing.Part II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution3. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called the General Magazine.4. Benjamin Franklin's best writing is found in his masterpiece Autobiography9. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was Philip Freneau10. Philip Freneau's famous poem The British Prison Ship was written about his imprisoned experience.11. Philip Freneau was considered as the " poet of the American Revolution. "12. Philip Freneau has been called the "Father of American Poetry."14. In American literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of Reason and Revolution.Part III. The Literature of Romanticism1. In the early nineteenth century, Washington Irving wrote The Sketch Book which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.2. In 1828, Noah Webster published his An American Dictionary of the English Language.3. In 1755, Samuel Johnson published his remarkable dictionary named Dictionary of the English Language.4. The Civil War of 1861—1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of Slavery5. The American Transcendentalists formed a club called the Transcendental Club.6. The Transcendental Club often met at Ralph Waldo Emerson's Concord home.7. Washington Irving was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.8. At nineteen,Washington Irving published in his brother's newspaper, his "Jonathan Old style" satires of New York life.9. In Washington Irving's work The Sketch Book appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.10. In Paris, Washington Irving met John Howard Payne, the American dramatist and actor, with whom Irving wrote his brilliant social comedy Charles the Second, or The Merry Monarch.11. The short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is taken from Washington Irving's work named The Sketch Book.12. Washington Irving was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War.13. Washington Irving' s first book appeared in 1809. It was entitled The History of New York.14. Washington Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Gol d¬ smith, and the other is Life of Washington.15. The first important American novelist was James Fenimore Cooper16. James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Spy was a rousing tale about espionage against the British during the Revolutionary War.17. The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was The Pilot. The hero of the novel represents John Paul Jones, the great naval fighter of the Revolutionary War.18. The central figure in the Leather stocking Tales is Natty Bumppo , who goes by the various names of Leather stocking, Deer slayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.19. To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of William Cullen Bryant' s work, it has been called by an eminent English critic " the most perfect brief poem in the language. "20. William Cullen Bryant was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the world literature.21. Among William Cullen Bryant's most important later works are his translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey into English blank verse.22. Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Bells is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language.23. Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Raven was published in 1845 as the title poem of a collection.24. Ralph Waldo Emerson was responsible for bringing transcendentalism to New England.25. Ralph Waldo Emerson's truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson's theories, was Henry David Thoreau26. In 1845, Henry David Thoreau began a two-year residence at Walden Pond.27. A superb book entitled Walden came out of Henry David Thoreau's two-year experiment at Walden Pond.28. From Henry David Thoreau's Concord jail experience, came his famous essay Civil Disobedience.29. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter.30. Herman Melville's novel Moby Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.31. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's first collection of poems entitled Voices of the Night appeared in 1838.32. The most scholarly of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's writings is his translation of Dante's Divine Comedy.33. Besides lyrics and longer poems Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote dramatic works, among which Michael Angelo is the most conspicuous.34. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Lowell are the only two American poets commemorated in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.35. After his death, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey.36. The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outburst of the Civil War.37. The English author named Sir Walter Scott was, in a way, responsible for the romantic description of landscape in American literature and the development of American Indian romance. His Waverley novels were models for American historical romances.38. Published in 1823, The Pioneers was the first of the Leather stocking Tales, in their order of publication time, and probably the first true romance of the frontier in American literature.39. In The Pioneers, Natty Bumppo represents the ideal American, living a virtuous and free life in God' s world.40. In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson41. Ralph Waldo Emerson's essay The American Scholar has been regarded as "America's Declaration ofIntellectual Independence". It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.42. Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was Henry David Thoreau a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson' s and his junior by some fourteen years.43. The way in which Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote The Scarlet Letter suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American puritan moralism.44. Herman Melville's world classic novel Moby Dick was dedicated to Nathaniel Hawthorne a novelist.45. It is said that in his late years, Herman Melville stopped writing novels and stories and turned to poetry, Clarel is his most famous poetic work.46. Herman Melville is best known as the author of one book named Moby Dick which is, critics have agreed, one of the world's greatest masterpieces.Part IV. The Literature of Realism1. Realism had originated in the country France as a literary doctrine that called for "reality and truth" in the depiction of ordinary life.2. The arbiter of nineteenth century literary realism in America was William Dean Howells.3. Henry James probed deeply at the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.4. Mark Twain, breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since.5. Darwinism had an evident influence on naturalism. It seemed to stress the animality of man, to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution.6. The poetic style Walt Whitman devised is now called free verse , that is poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.7. In his cluster of poems called Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman gave America its first genuine epic poem.8. There is no doubt that the solitary Emily Dickinson of Amherst, Massachusetts, is a poet of great power and beauty.9. There was only one female prose writer in the nineteenth century. That was Harriet Beecher Stowe10. Harriet Beecher Stowe's masterpiece is Uncle Tom's Cabin.11. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name Mark Twain .12. One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens' best books Life on the Mississippi is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.13. The result of Mark Twain's European trip was a series of newspaper articles, later published as a book called Innocents Abroad.14. Mark Twain was the first literary giant born west of the Mississippi.15. Mark Twain's work The Mysterious Stranger tells of the visits of an angel to the village of Eseldorf in Austria in 1590.16. William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was O. Henry, was the author of The Cop and the Anthem.17. Many of O. Henry's stories tell about the life of poor people in New York.18. 0. Henry sympathized with the poor's lot and hated those rich who exploited and despised them. This is especially seen in his story entitled An Unfinished story.19. It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named De Maupassant as a model, and there is indeed much in common between these two writers.20. The title of one of O. Henry's books The Four Millions indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, instead of only the upper class.21. Henry James' first novel is Watch and Ward, which failed to make him famous.22. The novel which was described by an American critic as "an outrage to American girlhood" is Henry James' Daisy Miller .23. Henry James' first important fiction was A Passionate Pilgrim in which he took up for the first time the theme of The American in Europe.24. In 1881, Henry James published his novel The Portrait of a Lady, which is generally considered as his masterpiece.25. Henry James is considered the founder of Psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator.26. The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is Isabel Archer.27. In 1902 Jack London published his first novel A Daughter of the Snows .28. Martin Eden is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.29. The first novel of Theodore Dreiser was Sister Carrie.30. The identification of potency with money is at the heart of Theodore Dreiser's masterpiece An American Tragedy.31. The protagonisw of Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire is Frank Cowperwood.32. Theodore Dreiser visited the Soviet Union in 1927 and published Dreiser Looks at Russia the following year.33. Theodore Dreiser's novel Sister Carrie , a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society.34. Mark Twain's first novel,The Gilded Age was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize.35. Three years' life on the Mississippi left such a fond memory with Mark Twain that he returned to the theme more than once in his writing career. His book Life on the Mississippi relates it in a vivid, moving way.36. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain' s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, "all modern American literature comes. "37. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , which wasa success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization.38. Stephen Crane is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.39. Stephen Crane's novel Maggi; A Girl of the Streets relates the story of a good woman' s down¬ fall and destruction in a slum environment.40. War in the novel The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger.41. Benjamin Frank Norris' novel McTe ague has been called "the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel" and "a consciously naturalistic manifesto".42. Jack London's masterwork Martin Eden is somewhat autobiographical.43. O. Henry's The Gift of the Magi is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessionsin order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.Part V. Twentieth Century Literature (I) Before WWII1. The First World War stands as a great dividing line between the nineteenth century and the contemporary American literature.2. American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a "Lost Generation " , devoid of faith and alienated from a civilization.3. The most significant American poem of the twentieth century was The Waste Land.4. The publication of The Waste Land, written by Thomas Stearns Eliot, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.5. In 1920, Sinclair Lewis published his memorable denunciation of American small-town provincialism in Main Street .6. F. Scott Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel The Great Gatsby7. The Great Depression of the 1930s greatly weakened the American nation's self-confidence.8. An American woman writer named Gertrude Stein who had lived in Paris since 1903, welcomed the young expatriates to her literary salon, and gave them a name "the Lost Generation".9. William Faulkner wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States, and its effect on the lives of modern people, both black and white.10. Ezra Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the "Imagist" movement.11. Ezra Pound's major work of poetry is the long poem called The Cantos.12. One of Edwin Arlington Robinson's early books, Captain Craig, once came to the attention of President Theodore Roosevelt.13. Edwin Arlington Robinson produced a large body of works and was honored with the Pulitzer Prize in 1922, 1925 and 1928.14. Robert Frost' s first book A Boy's Will brought him to the attention of influential critics, such as Ezra Pound, who praised him as an authentic poet.15. Robert Frost's second volume of poems was North of Boston16. "After Apple-Picking" is a well-known poem written by Robert Frost17. New Hampshire, one of Robert Frost's longest poems, is a very witty and wise anecdotal discussion about the values of life and character.18. At one time, Sandburg's reputation mainly rested on a multi-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln including "The Prairie Years" and "The War Years".19. Carl Sandburg' s love of folklore developed in time into a rather modern tendency to represent it in literature such as in his The People,Yes .20. Wallace Stevens was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with one another; he was a very successful businessman and a very re¬markable contemporary poet at the same t ime.21. At the age of 44, Wallace Stevens was finally persuaded to publish a book of poems, entitled Harmonium.22. The Necessary Angel is a collection of Wallace Stevens' s occasional lectures on poetry.23. For the publication of his Collected Poems, Wallace Stevens received the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize.24. After his death, Wallace Stevens' s previously uncollected works appeared under the title Opus Posthumous.25. In 1915, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his Prufrock and Other Observations.26. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot published his The Sacred Wood, containing, among other essays, "Tradition and the Individual Talent", the earliest statement of his aesthetics.27. In 1920, Thomas Stearns Eliot began to write his masterpiece The Waste Land, one of the major works of modern literature.28. As Thomas Stearns Eliot declared, he followed strictly the advice of his close friend Ezra Pound in cutting and concentrating The Waste Land.29. Thomas Stearns Eliot's later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by Ash-Wednesday, a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt.30. In his work The Hollow Men, Thomas Stearns Eliot satirized the straw men, the Guy Fawkles men, whose world would end "not with a bang, but a whimper."31. Few men of letters have been more fully honored in their own day than Thomas Stearns Eliot, and even those who strongly disagree with him seemed content with his selection for the Nobel Prize in 1948.32. Thomas Steams Eliot wrote seven plays, the best of which is Murder in the Cathedral, a verse play on an ancient historical subject, written in 1935.33. Thomas Stearns Eliot's last important work was Four Quartets, a profound meditation on time and timelessness, written in four parts.34. F. Scott Fitzgerald's first novel This Side of Paradise, with its portrayal of casual dissipations of "flaming youth" , was an immediate commercial success.35. In 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote his best novel The Great Gatsby. It is the story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.36. F. Scott Fitzgerald' s second novel The Beautiful and the Damned describes a handsome young man and his beautiful wife, undoubtedly modelled after himself and Zelda.37. The hero in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel Tender is the Night is a psychiatrist who marries a rich patient. The author condemns the wasted energy of misguided youth.38. F. Scott Fitzgerald's last novel The Last Tycoon remained unfinished.39. With the publication of The Sun Also Rises,Ernest Hemingway became the spokes¬ man for what Gertrude Stein had called "a Lost Generation".40. Emest Hemingway's stature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of his novel A Farewell to Arms in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love.41. Set in Spain during the Civil War, the novel For Whom the Bell Tolls stated again Hemingway ' s view of love found and lost, and described the indomitable spirit of the common people.42. In the story The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrayed an old fisherman named Santiago, who shows triumphant even in defeat.43. In 1954, Ernest Hemingway was awarded a Nobel Prize for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".44. Numerous parallels exist between the events of Ernest Hemingway's life and those of his characters, but fewer were closer than those of Richard Cantwell, the hero of the work Across the River and into the Trees.45. In 1952, Ernest Hemingway published a successful novel entitled The Old Man and the Sea, which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and occasioned the award of the Nobel Prize in 1954.46. In the same way that F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tales of the Jazz Age became the symbol for an age, Ernest Hemingway' s novel The Sun also Rises painted the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation. 47. Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people, like Jake Barnes, come to behave the way they do.48. The Spanish war was conductive to Ernest Hemingway's writing The Fifth Column, a play which was universally deplored.49. John Steinbeck was the foremost novelist of the American Depression of the 1930s.50. In the short novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers.51. In the work The Long Valley John Steinbeck described the fate of the lowly whose instinctive responses to life led only to destruction.52. The Grapes of Wrath is generally regarded as John Steinbeck's masterpiece.53. In 1935, John Steinbeck published Tortilla Flat, a collection of short stories which vividly described the life of poor Mexican-Americans with affection and humor.54. John Steinbeck's post-war novel The Pearl reflected his bitter feelings against those greedy, rapacious elements of society which made the war possible.55. Quentin is a character in William Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury56. Joe Christmas is a character in William Faulkner's novel Light in August.57. The works written by William Faulkner may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.58. Katherine Ann Porter's novel Ship of Fools consists of three parts, "Embarkation", "High Sea" , "The Harbors"59. In her essay "Place in Fiction" , Eudora Welty emphasizes the importance of for literary creations. She is noted for her fidelity to the American South, so her major theme relate to place, traditional southern family relationships.60. Carson McCullers was said to touch William Faulkner in writing, and her well-known novels are and The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Ballad of the Sad Cafe61. One of the important figures in the 1930s who tried to adapt European avantgardism to American writing is Nathanael West62. The New Criticism first emerged in 1920s as a reaction against the prevailing time-honored critical tendency to focus on the theme often in disregard of the form of the work. The name is given by John Crowe Ransom's collection of critical essays The New Criticism .Part VI. Twentieth Century Literature (II) After WWII2. In poetry, Postmodernism strives to go against the vogue of the New Critical poem and its parent style, the High Modernism of the previous decades.4. Allen Ginsberg is the spokesman of postwar Beat Generation in American literary history.17. J. D. Salinger is probably best known for his novel The Catcher in the Rye26. Joseph Heller's Catch-22 is one of the most famous novels dealing with the subject of absurdity in typical "obscure" techniques.Part VII. American Drama1. Eugene O' Neill is the first master in the American history of drama.2. In 1916, Eugene O' Neill's first play Bound East for Cardiff was put on by the Province-town Players, which was significant not only for him but for American Drama.5. Eugene O' Neill received the Pulitzer Prize for his Beyond the Horizon and Anna Christie between 1920 and 1922, and Nobel Prize in 1936.10. The Theater of the Absurd in the 1950s and 1960s refers to some plays, some of which center on the meaninglessness of life with its pain and suffering that seems funny, even ridiculous. Edward Albee is one of the representatives.Part VIII. Multi-ethnic Literature1. African American literature centers on a myth, though also biblical, quite different from that on which mainstream American literature is based.2. African American literature is patterned on a myth of_ deliverance from slavery, that of the Hebrew prophet Moses leading the Jews in their flight from the bondage in Egypt.3. African American literature has undergone a long process of evolution. Its early form was oral, including songs, ballads and spirituals, in short, folk literature in its various manifestations.6. In the 1940 Richard Wright's Native Son came out as a watershed in the tradition of the African American novel.7. Toni Morrison and Alice Walker are two of the most important female African American novelists.14. By far the most important person in the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes known as African Americans' poet laureate, who ultimately outgrew the movement, and developed into one of the major African American authors to help make African American culture.15. Langston Hughes was one of the founders of the black theater in the Federal Theater Project during the Depression.18. Native Son by Richard Wright is a story about an African American adolescent's growth of awareness. It consists of three sections, namely "Fear", "Right" and "Fate".19. African American literature attained a higher degree of maturity in 1952 when Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man appeared in print.21. Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon is seen as another milestone in African American literature after Native Son and Invisible Man. It tells the story of an African American trying to recover his family roots.29. Another important Asian American writer is Amy Tan, whose first novel,The Joy Luck Club, made quitea stir on the contemporary American literary scene and brought Asian American literature to the intensive scrutiny of readers and critics alike.。

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1. Early in the seve ntee nth cen tury, the En glish settleme nts iVirgi nia andMassachusettdDega n the mai n stream of what we recog nize as the America n n atio nal history.2. The earliest settlers in America in cludeDutch, Swedes, Germa ns,Fren ch,Spa ni ards, Italia nsand Portuguese3. The first perma nent En glish settleme nt in North America was established atJamestow n, Virgi nia, in 1607.4. Captain John Smith' reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, havebeen described as the first distinctly American literature to be written in English.5. There was a little of thereligious ferme nt ans zeal that in spired such a tide ofliterature to flow Purita n New En gla nd.6. The Purita ns had come to New En glish for the sake orfeligious freedom, whileVirgi nia had bee n pla nted main ly as acommercial ven ture.7. Hard work, thrift, piety _ and sobriety were the Purita n values that domin atedmuch of the earliest America n writi ng, in cludi ng the serm ons, books, andletters of such no ted Purita n clergyme n as Joh n Cott on and Cott on Mather. 8. William Bradford , first governor of Plymouth, and John Winthrop, who held thesame post at Bost on, were superior to eve n the remarkable qualities thatdistinguished many of their associations. Each has left a priceless gift: the former, The History of Plymouth plantation, the latter,the History of New England.9. The best way to learn more of the colonial Puritan mind is to meet two importantfigures, Joh n Cott on and Roger Williams.10. Most Puritan verse was directly plodding, but the work of two writers, AnneBradstreeta nd Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.1. Who were the earliest settlers? Where were they the n? Who was the most in fluential group?2. What were the first America n writi ngs?3. Could you give a descripti on of America n Purita ns?1. As we have see ntheology domin ated the Purita n phase of America n writi ng.Politics was the n ext great subject to comma nd the atte nti on of the best min ds.2. Freedom was won as much by the fiery rhetoric of Thomas Paine Com monSenseand the eloque nee of thQeclarati on of In depe nden ceas by the weap ons of Washi ngton or Lafayette.3. The British gover nment hampered colo nial economy by requiri ng America ns toship raw materials abroad and to importfi ni shed goods at prices higher tha n the lost of making them in this coun try.4. America n En lighte nment dealt a decisive blow upon the purita n traditi ons andbrought to life secular education and literature.5. The secular ideals of America n En lighte nment were exemplified in the life andcareer of Benjamin Fran kli n, who in structed his coun tryme n as 印rin ter, n ot a priest.6. In 1783, the year the Un ited States achieved its in depe nden cNoah Websterdeclared, America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms .Born in Bost on in 1706, Benjamin Fran kli n went to Philadelphia as a young manand bega n his career as |arin ter. From 1732 to 1758, Fran kli n wrote and published his famouPoor Richard'sAlmanaG an annual collecti on of proverbs.Thomas Pai newas the Great Commoner of Mankin d ”，s on of a nominalQuaker of Thetford, En gla nd.On January 10,1776, Pai n 'famous pamphletsCo mmon Sen seappeared.Philip Fren eau is perhaps the most outsta nding writer of the post-Revolutio naryperiod.Fren eau wasneoclassicalby training and taste yet roma ntic in esse ntial spirit.For a few years, writing with sporadic fluency, Freneau earned his living variouslyas farmer, journalist . and sea captain.As a poet,Fre neauheralded America n literary in depe nden ce, his closeobservation of nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life andother native American subjects.Fren eau has bee n called the 'Father of America n Poetry ”，a nd it i ultimatelyin a historical estimate that Fren eau is importa nt. What is your impressi on upon the pers on of Benjam in Fran kli n? What belief does the Autobiography sta nd fo ? What is Thomas Pain esCom mon Sense about? What does Fren ea 'poem The Wild Hony Suckle in dicate? Say somethi ng about the style of the AutobiographyIn 1828 the electio n of the fron tier heroA ndrew Jacks onas the seve nthPreside nt of the United States had brought an effective end to theVirginiaDynasty ” of American Preside nt.The United States had been a republic of sma l andlords, without sharp contrastsof wealth.Through the first half of the century the pursuit of simplicity, utility _ and perfection rema ined an America n characteristic.In 1837- the first college-level institution for women Mount Holyoke FemaleSemin ary, ope ned inMassachusettsto serve the muslin sex ”.Washington Irving' Sketch Bookbecame the first work by an American writer towin financial success on both sides of the Atlantic. The attitudes of America 'writers were sharped by theirNew World en vir onmentand an array of ideas in herited from thsoma ntic traditi ons of Europe. Romantic values were prominent in American politics, art and philosophy until the Civil War. As a moral philosophy, Transcenden talism was n eithelogical nor systematized7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 1.2.3.4.5.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.7. 8. 9.Roma ntic writers placed in creas ing value on thfree expressi on of emoti on and displayed increasing attention to thepsychic states of their characters.10. In 1828 Noah Websterpublished An American Dictionary of the English Ianguage.11. At mid-century a cultural reawakening brought a “lowering of New England ”. Ledby Hawthor ne, Emers on, and Thoreau and stirred by the teachi ngs oftran sce nden talism, writers of Bost on and n earby tow ns and villages produceda New En gla nd literary ren aissa nee12. Washington Irving was the first great prose stylist of American romanticism, andhis familiar style was desti ned to outli ne the formal prose of such contemporaries as Scott and Cooper, and to provide a model for the prevailing prose narrative of the future.13. Washington Irving was the first greatbelletrist, writing always for pleasure and toproducepleasure14. The Spyby Cooper was a rous ing tale about espi on age aga inst the British during the Revoluti onary War.15. Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular storiesThe sea adventure taleand the fron tier saga16. Cooper'enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels thatcomprise theLeatherstock ing Tales17. In their order of events, the novels in the Leatherstocking Tale arThe Deerslayer,The last of the Mohica ns, The Pathfi nder, The Pion eera nd The Prairie.18. The central figure in the novels,Natty Bumppo, goes by the various names ofLeatherstock ing, Deerslayer, Pathfi nder, and Hawkeye.19. In 1817, the stately poem called “Thanatopsis' by William Cullen Bryant_ introduced the best poet to appear in America up to that time.20. Ralph Waldo Emersonwas responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New Engla nd.21. Emerson believed above all inindividualism, independence of mindand self-relianee.22. Two speechesThe American Scholarand The Divinity School Addressby Emerson made him famous.23. Emerson s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerso'theories, wasHe nry David Thoreau.24. For Thoreau, as for Emersonself-reliance and independence of mindrankedabove all.25. The essayCivil Disobedienee stated Thoreaus belief that no man should violatehis con scie nee at the comma nd of a gover nment.26. The House of the Seven Gabledeals with the effects of a curse, and though thetale itself is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the authers family history. 27. The book Moby-Dick is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of aseem in gly super natural white whale.28. What baffled its early readers of Moby-Dick was the books wild extravagances ofmood and Ian guage its effect of what the moder n critic Van Wyck Brooks calls “a shreddedShakespearearplay”.29. Irving had been notably successful in domesticating European subject matter while employi ng a British prose style: now Lon gfellow domesticated Europea n meters as in his adoption of classical Greek meters to tell the story of Evangeline Bellefo ntai ne.30. The gentleness, sweetnesand purity for which his poetry was popular during hislifetime were the very qua ntities that caused the react ion aga inst it afterLongfellow 'death.1. What is Irving ' style?2. What does Irving's Rip Van Winkle” reveal?3. Read Poesworks, and tell what Poestheories for the short story and poetry are?4. Read Raven”.And use it as an example to illustrate his poetic theories.5. What Tran sce nden talist views did Emers on state in his Nature?6. In your opinion, how should we read Walde n?7. From Walde n, we can know what Thorea'belief is?8. what is the theme of Moby-Dick?9. What is the sig nifica nee of the character, Ahab, in the history of America nliterature?10. Say something about the symbolism in Moby-Dick.11. Give a brief analysis of Hester Prynne and Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter.12. Can you say something about the style of Walden13. What is Hawthorn's style?14. What is Transcendentalism?。