英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结

《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。

他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。

（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。

对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。

16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.18. Enlightenment（名词解释）19. Neoclassicism（名词解释）20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler”21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。

22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。

25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。

另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。

27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。

他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal”31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),“The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)32. Sentimentalism（名词解释）33. Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)* Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in on e of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets.34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.35. Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。

36. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence 和Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。

37. Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点: Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题I. 浪漫主义时期I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_____in 1798.A. the publication of Lyrical BalladsB. the death of Sir ScottC. the birth of William WordsworthD. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament2. The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_____.A. NovelB. poetryC. dramaD. prose3. Romanticism does not emphasize_____.A. the special qualities of each individual’s mindB. the inner world of the human spiritC. individualityD. the features that men have in common4._____ is not a Romantic poet.A. William BlakeB. Sir ScottC. P. B. ShelleyD. Lord Byron5. _____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.A. Walter ScottB. Mary ShelleyC. Jane AustenD. Ann Radcliff6. _____ is not characteristic of William Blake’s writing.A. plain and direct languageB. compression of meaningC. supernatural qualityD. symbolism7. Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _____.A. ByronB. ColeridgeC. ShelleyD. Keats8. Wordsworth thinks that _____ is the only subject of literary interest.A. the life of rising bourgeoisieB. aristocratic lifeC. the life of the royal familyD. common life9. Don Juan is the masterpiece of_____.A. Lord Byron’sB. P. B. Shelley’sC. John Keats’sD. Samuel Coleridge’s10. _____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.A. Jane EyreB. Sense and SensibilityC. Pride and PrejudiceD. EmmaII. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.1. In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the_____as the very center of all life and all experience.2. For the Romantics, _____ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.3. Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _____.”4. According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about _____.5. Coleridge’s achievement as poet can be divided into two remar kably diverse groups: _____ and the conversational.6. As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “_____.”7. “_____” is Shelley’s representative work.8. _____ are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature wo rk.9. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keats’s “_____.”10. _____is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s work.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.( )1. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.( )2. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the advocates of classical rules.( )3. Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.( )4. Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.”( )5. Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.IV. Name the author of each of the following literary work.1. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”2. Songs of Innocence3. “Ode to a Nightingale”4. “A Song: Men of England”5. The PreludeV. Define the literary terms listed below1. Romanticism2. OdeVI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1….Be through my lips to unawakened Earth.The trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?2. For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.Keys:I. 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.AII.1.individual 2. human life 3.nature 4.human life5.the demonic6.Byronic hero7. Ode to the West Wind8. The odes 9. Ode on a Grecian Urn 10. Pride and PrejudiceIII. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.FIV. 1.Coleridge 2. Blake 3. Keats 4. Shelley 5. WordsworthV. 1. Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places. The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.2. Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.VI. 1. It is taken from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind. In this poem, She lley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. In these last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for the future.2. It is taken from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” Th e poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem.II.维多利亚时期I. Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets1. The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in_____.A. 1835B. 1836C. 1837D. 18382. The critical realists like Charles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels_____.A. representing the 18th century realist novelB. criticizing the societyC. defending the massE. all the above3. _____is not a Victoria novelist.A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. William Makepeace ThackerayD. D. H. Lawrence4. _____ is not a work by Charles Dickens.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. MiddlemarchD. A Tale of Two Cities5. Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by_____.A. Charlotte BronteB. Emily BrontC. Anne BronteD. Branwell Bronte6. _____ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.A. The Mill on the Floss C. Jude the ObscureD. The Mayor of Casterbridge7. “My Last Duchess” is _____.A. a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC. a novelD. an essay8. Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_____.A. Homer’s OdesseyB. Joyce’s UlyssesC. DanteD. Greek Mythology9. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _____ appeared. And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism10. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_____.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB.Childe Harold’s Pil grimageC. G ulliver’s TravelsD.The Canterbury TalesII. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook1. The aestheticists such as Oscar Wilde in the Victorian period advocated the theory of “_____.”2. In the Victorian period, _____became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.3. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest _____ writers of the Victorian Age.4. Tennyson’s poem “_____” is in memory of his bos om friend Arthur Hallam.5. Robert Browning is famous for his _____.6. George Eliot’s _____ is one of the most mature works in English literature.7. Tennyson’s famous dramatic monologue based on the story in Greek Mythology is “_____.”8. _____ is Dicken s’ first child hero.9. Jane Eyre represents those_____-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.10. The most important poet of the Victorian Age was_____. Next to him were Robert Browning and his wife.III. Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.( )1. The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.( )2. Tennyson is famous for h is aesthetic viewpoint of “art for art’s sake.”( )3. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte’s.( ) 4. Browning’s “Meeting at Night” and “Parting at Morning” were originally one poem in dramatic monologue. ( )5. Naturalism has played a n important part in Thomas Hardy’s work.IV. Name the author of each of the following literary works.1. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club2. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall3. In Memoriam4. The Mill on the Floss5. The Return of the NativeV. Define the literary terms listed below.1. Dramatic Monologue2. Critical RealismVI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain. Mr. Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished he might come to good; where—unto Mr. Gamfield replied, that he wished he might come to him---which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters, would seem to be a wish of a totally opposite description.The next morning, the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him.2. Thus, neither having the clue to the other’s secret, they were respectively puzzled at what each revealed, and awaitednew knowledge of e ach other’s character and moods without attempting to pry into each other’s history.Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his. Tess was trying to lead a repressed life, but she little divined the strength of her own vitality.Keys:I. 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.AII. 1. art for art’s sake 2. the novel3. critical realist4. Break, Break, Break5. dramatic monologue6. Middlemarch7. Ulysses 8. Oliver Twist9. middle 10. TennysonIII. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. TIV. 1. Charles Dickens 2. Anne Bronte3. Alfred Tennyson4. George Eliot5. Thomas HardyV. 1. Dramatic Monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one In the speaker’s personality as well as the incident that is the subjects of the poem. An example of a dramatic mo nologue is “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning.2. Critical Realism is a literary movement in the 19th century. It sticks to the principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass. The representative figures are Dickens, the Bronte’s, etc.VI. 1. It is taken from Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist. This part describes how Oliver is punished for asking for more to eat and how he is therefore sold at three pound ten to a notorious chimney-sweeper. It reveals that the pitiable state of the orphan boy and the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse board.2. It is taken from Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles. This part describes how Tess forgets abo ut her past misfortune in the beautiful, pastoral dairy farm and unconsciously gives herself up to the attraction of Angel Clare.III. 现代时期I. Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets1. Modernism takes_____as its theoretical base.A. the irrational philosophyB. the theory of psycho-analysisC. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Modernism rose out of_____.A. skepticismB. disillusion of capitalismC. irrational philosophyD. al the above3. Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against_____.A .romanticism B. Realism C. post-modernism D. all the above4. _____is not a movement in the modern period.A. “the Angry Young Men”B. “the Beat Generation”C. “the Lost Generation”D. “the Theater of the Absurd”5. _____ is not a representative figure in applying the technique of “the stream of consciousness” in his/her writing.A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Virginia WoolfD. Dorothy Richardson6. Waiting for Godot is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd. It is written by_____.A. George Bernard ShawB. Samuel BeckettC. John GalsworthyD. Eugene O’ Neill7. The Waste Land is_____’s most important single poem.A. Ezra PoundB. William Butler YeatsC. Alfred TennysonD. T. S. Eliot8. _____ is not D. H. Lawrence’s work.A. Finnegans WakeB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. The Rain Bow9. _____ is not James Joyce’s novel.A. UlyssesB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. DublinersD. Finnegans Wake10. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” is written by_____.A. W. H. AudenB. D. H. LawrenceC. W. B. YeatsD. T. S. EliotII. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook1.The French_____, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.2. Modernism rejects_____, which is the theoretical base of realism.3.In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian_____played a particularly important role.4.Most of Bernard Shaw’s plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, and, thus, can be termed as_____.5._____is famous for his frank discussion of “sex” in his works.6.John Galsworthy’s trilogy is named_____.7._____, an American Poet, took English Citizenship in 1927, and became a devout member of Anglican Church.8._____is Eliot’s most important poetry, revealing the spiritual decadency and meaninglessness of life of the 20th century.9.Most of Joyce’s works are concerning the lif e of his hometown_____.10.Joyce’s “Araby” is a short story in his collection_____.III. Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.( )1. The rise of modern poetry was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Romantic poetry.( )2.Writers like E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence are still conventional writers, as in their works, old traditions are still there.( )3.John Galsworthy has been awarded Nobel Prize for literature.( )4.John Galsworthy is a conventional writer, inheriting the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens.( )5.James Joyce is a prolific writer, creating a great number of famous works.IV. Name the author of each of the following literary works.1. Modernism2. Angry Young MenV. Define the literary terms listed below.1. Pygmalion2. “Sailing to Byzantium”3. Woman in Love4. Ulysses5. The Man of PropertyVI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. I will arise and go now, for always night and dayI hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,I hear it in the deep heart’s core.2. Now she began to combat in his restless fretting. He still kept up his connexion with Miriam, could neither break free nor go the whole length of engagement. And this indecision seemed to bleed him of his energy. Moreover. His mothersuspected him of an unrecognized leaning towards Clara, and, since the latter was a married woman, she wished he would fall in love with one of the girls in a better station of life. But he was stupid, and would refuse to love or even to admire a girl much, just because she was his social superior.Keys:I. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.DII. 1. Symbolism 2. rationalism 3. psycho-analysis4. problem plays5. D. H. Lawrence6. The Forsyte Saga7. T. S. Eliot 8. The Waste Land 9. Dublin10. DublinersIII. 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.FIV. 1.Modernism is a movement in the 20th century. It takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base and in many aspects is a reaction against realism.2. Angry Young Men is a phrase applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s, who described various forms of social alienation and whose political views were radical and anarchic.V. 1. Bernard Shaw 2. W. B. Yeats 3. D. H. Lawrence4. James Joyce5. John GalsworthyVI. 1. It is taken from Yeats’s “The lake Isle of Innisfree.” In this poem, Yeats expresses his longing to escape from the city life and to live a secluded life by describing the peaceful, tranquil scene of the lake Isle of Innisfree, a legendary place for hermitage.2. It is taken from D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers. Paul has love affairs with two girls, Miriam and Clara. But he is so dependent on his mother’s love and help that he fails to achieve a fulfilling relationship with either girl.English Literature ( Book II)Romanticis1.Romanticism（名词解释）要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有所了解。