Analysis of the cross-cultural communication in Scrapping
cross-culturalco...
cross-culturalco...第一篇：cross-cultural communication辅导跨文化交际胡文仲视频演讲稿(含重点和PPT内容)cross-cultural communication辅导（2）跨文化交际胡文仲视频演讲稿（含重点和PPT内容）Hello, every one, this is the second talk, intercultural communication.In this talk, we will be talking about verbal communication.verbal communication is communication using words.we will be talking about language and culture and their relationships.There is a very close relationship between language and culture.In Arab, there are many words related to camel.Because camel used to be a very important part of the life of Arabs.In the Chinese language, there is an elaborate system of kinship terms.Because Chinese families used to be large and hierarchical.We care about whether the grandmother is on the father side or on the mother side.If it is on the side of mother, it is called外祖母.If it is on the side of the father, it is called祖母.But in English, normally, they do not have such distinction.In Chinese, we make a distinction between哥哥and弟弟.Because哥哥has more authorship than弟弟.But in English, normally, they just use brother to refer to either哥哥or弟弟.From this we can see, language is very much influenced by nguage is a mirror of culture, because language reflects human relationships.It reflects the way the society operates.Firth thing is language of kinship terms is a reflection of our family system.As a matter of fact, language is a part of the culture or we can say language is culture.There is no doubt there is a very close relationship between language and culture.Some people go even further and claim that language determines the way we think.This is what wecall linguistic determinism(语言决定主义——语言决定了我们思考的方式。
Cross-cultural communication解读
Why?为什么？
为什么当你遇到跟你自己不太一样的人的 时候，你会感到不适应？ 在你眼中，为什么某些来自不同文化的人 的行为方式是奇怪的？ 文化差异如何影响着人类的沟通？ 哪些文化差异是重要的，哪些是不重要的？ 为什么去理解与欣赏文化中的差异性显得 如此困难？
跨文化交流——现在与未来
Cross-cultural communication
跨文化交流
BY 旅游管理系 许 播学经典教材英文 影印版 作 者：（美）萨莫 瓦尔 （Samovar,L.）， （美）波特 （Porter,R.） 著 出 版 社：北京大 学出版社 I S B N： 9787301067178
化，种族冲突与安全，世界对自然资源争夺，全 球环境的挑战，世界健康医疗问题以及人口迁移
等问题。
Globalization 全球化
Globalization comprises “actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in something worldwide in scope.” 全球化包括了涉及整个世界以及带来世界 范围内影响的一切行为和过程。
跨文化交流 （第六版）
丛 书 名：世界传 播学经典教材英文 影印版 作 者：（美）萨莫 瓦尔，（美）波特， （美）麦克丹尼尔 著 出 版 社：北京大 学出版 I S B N： 9787301146026
跨文化交际(第7版) 作 者：（美）萨莫瓦尔，（美）波特，（美）麦克 丹尼尔 著，董晓波 编译 出 版 社：北京大学出版社 I S B N：9787301214459
【五兄弟共“侍”一 妻 】据外媒报道，印 度一名女子有5位丈夫， 而且这5位丈夫都是亲 兄弟。女子每天选择 一名不同的男子同寝。 据悉，他们已经育有 一个孩子，但是还没 有确定到底是哪位兄 弟的骨肉。（中新网）
cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交流
Cross-Cultural munication: Definition, Strategies & E*amplesCross-cultural munication is imperative for panies that have a diverse workforce and participate in the global economy. It is important for employees to understand the factors that are part of an effective, diverse workforce.Cross-Cultural municationCross-cultural munication has bee strategically important to panies due to the growth of global business, technology and the Internet. Understanding cross-culturalmunication is important for any pany that has a diverse workforce or plans on conducting global business. This type of munication involves an understanding of how people from different cultures speak, municate and perceive the world around them.Cross-cultural munication in an organization deals with understanding different business customs, beliefs and munication strategies. Language differences, high-conte*t vs.low-conte*t cultures, nonverbal differences and power distance are major factors that can affect cross-cultural munication.Let's take a look at how cross-cultural differences can cause potential issues within an organization. Jack is a manager at a New Me*ico-based retail conglomerate. He has flown to Japan to discuss a potential partnership with a local Japanese pany. His business contact, Yamato, is his counterpart within the Japanese pany. Jack has never been to Japan before, and he's not familiar with their cultural norms. Let's look at some of the ways that a lack of cultural understanding can create a barrier for business success bye*amining how Jack handles his meeting with Yamato.High- Vs. Low-Conte*t CultureThe concept of high- and low-conte*t culture relates to how an employee's thoughts, opinions, feelings and upbringing affect how they act within a given culture. North America and Western Europe are generally considered to have low-conte*t cultures. This means that businesses in these places have direct, individualistic employees who tend to base decisions on facts. This type of businessperson wants specifics noted in contracts and may have issues with trust.High-conte*t cultures are the opposite in that trust is the most important part of business dealings. There are areas in the Middle East, Asia and Africa that can be considered high conte*t. Organizations that have high-conte*t cultures are collectivist and focuson interpersonal relationships. Individuals from high-conte*t cultures might be interested in getting to know the person they are conducting business with in order to get a gut feeling on decision making. They may also be more concerned about business teams and group success rather than individual achievement.Jack and Yamato ran into some difficulties during their business negotiations. Jack spoke quickly and profusely because he wanted to seal the deal as soon as possible. However, Yamato wanted to get to know Jack, and he felt that Jack spoke too much. Yamato also felt that Jack was only concerned with pleting the deal for his own self-interest and was not concerned with the overall good of the pany. Jack's nonverbal cues did not help the negotiations either.Nonverbal DifferencesGestures and eye contact are two areasof nonverbal munication that are utilized differently across cultures. panies must train employees in the correct way to handle nonverbal munication as to not offend other cultures. For e*ample, American workers tend to wave their hand and use a finger to point when giving nonverbal direction. E*treme gesturing is considered rude in some cultures. While pointing may be considered appropriate in some conte*ts in the United States, Yamato would never use a finger to point towards another person because that gesture is considered rude in Japan. Instead, he mightgesture with an open hand, with his palm facing up, toward the person.Eye contact is another form of nonverbal munication. In the U.S., eye contact is a good thing and is seen as a reflection of honesty and straightforwardness. However, in some Asian and Middle Eastern cultures, prolonged eye contact can be seen as rude or aggressive in many situations. Women may need to avoid it altogether because lingering eye contact can be viewed as a sign of se*ual interest. During their meeting, Jack felt that Yamato was not listening to his talking points because Yamato was not looking Jack in the eyes. However,Yamato did not want Jack to think he was rude, so he avoided looking directly into Jack's eyes during his speech.Language DifferencesThe biggest issue dealing with cross-cultural munication is the difficulty created by language barriers. For e*ample, Jack does not speak Japanese, so he is concerned with his ability to municate effectively with Yamato. There are some strategies that Jack can use to help establish a rapport with Yamato. Jack cane*plain himself without words by using emotions, facial e*pressions and othernonverbal cues. He can also use drawings and ask for an interpreter.Additionally, panies that have to deal with cross-cultural munication can hire employees with proficiency in other languages. Fortunately for Jack and Yamato, they both had e*cellent translators who municated their words. The ne*t cross-cultural issue regards how individuals deal with power distance.Power DistancePower distance relates to how power is distributed within an organization. Typically,.American panies utilize a low power distance and have more informal hierarchies that allow for interaction between e*ecutives and their subordinates. Managers ask for feedback from employees and will even socialize with subordinates. panies with high power distance are typically very hierarchical in nature and have severe differences in authority. Some Japanese panies may utilize this power structure..。
功能对等理论视角下英语言语幽默的翻译—以《老友记》为例
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作王尔德童话中的毁灭与拯救英文电影片名的汉译研究旅游翻译中的跨文化语用失误An alysis of Cross Cultural Busin ess Communi cati on Failure语结与英语长句的翻译反复在格特鲁德？斯泰因的作品《三个女人》中的运用《乱世佳人》中的清教主义思想解析英语广播新闻与报纸新闻的文体比较学习动机对大学生英语学习的影响模糊语用交际策略在政治语言中的运用分析中美餐桌文化差异比较研究A Study of Transl ation of Chinese Idioms with Numeral “ San”A Study of Neo-Classicism浅析广告英语的修辞特点归化与异化在文学翻译中的融合应用——评《红楼梦》两英译本中的习语汉英翻译中的中国式英语产生的原因及对策《海狼》主人公汉弗莱？韦登成长新论Dicke ns ' Huma nitaria nism in The Two Cities从卡明斯的L（a看视觉诗的可译潜势影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨Analysis on Paul Mo rel ' s Life Passages from the Perspective of Lawrenee ' s Unconscious 商务英语信函中礼貌策略初探The Study of the Positive Effects of Native Lan guage on Junior School En glish Teach ingA Brief Analysis of Willy Loman ' s Tragedy in Death of a Salesman论英语俚语的汉译一以奈达的功能对等理论为指导从文化角度简要分析词语的意义Why is Valentine ' s Day More Popular than Qi XCultural Analysis of Traditional Festivals一位绝望的主妇——从女性主义角度诠释《林中之死》英语体育新闻标题的特点及其翻译礼貌策略的英汉对比研究一以《傲慢与偏见》及其译本为例An alysis of Gone with the wi nd from the Perspective of Femi nism英语委婉语之初探从消费文化角度看《了不起的盖茨比》中美国梦的破灭文化差异对商务谈判的影响及策略《威尼斯商人》中的关键社会元素一一莎士比亚心中的乌托邦社会透过中西谚语的对比分析中西文化异同The Lon ely and Desperate Moder n Man: A Close Readi ng of The Hairy Ape from the Perspectiveof Expressi onism《爱玛》的婚姻观分析狄更斯的人道主义思想在《双城记》中的体现《红字》中的基督教因素初探A Comparative Study of America n and Chin ese Spatial Lan guage in Busin ess Negotiati onThe Postmoder n Story In the Victoria n Age ---- The French Lieute nan t's Woma n《汤姆•索亚历险记》中所反映的社会问题外语学习焦虑与口语成绩的相关性研究批评与重新解读《日瓦戈医生》论远大前程中皮普的道德观论《紫色》的社会意义中美时间观差异对跨文化交际的影响The Comparis on of Diet Culture betwee n Chi na and AmericaStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening的三中译本------- 各译作对原作忠实度的对比评析Con trariety of William Blake ------- I mage An alysis of Songs of Innocence and of Experie neeA Comparative Study of Drago n Images in Chin ese & Western Literary Classics《哈利？波特》系列里恐怖美的研究文化差异对跨国公司在华本土化战略的影响从社会习俗角度分析中西方文化差异和谐与冲突：弗罗斯特和陶渊明田园诗的比较研究新课标下初中英语教师角色转变的研究On Paul ' s Sdlivelopment in Sons and LoversWomen s Image in Pygmalion《苔丝》中的女性与自然《双城记》中的人道主义文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响《愤怒的葡萄》中的圣经原型年世博会吉祥物所体现的中国元素中译英口译活动中母语负迁移现象的实证研究英文中"and”的用法及译法探析大学生英语听力两种辅助活动实证研究论《龙年》中呈现的中国文化《红楼梦》中的颜色词及其翻译中国文学作品中的歇后语的英译-以红楼梦为例中西方悲剧爱情故事折射出的文化差异一《穆斯林的葬礼》与《荆棘鸟》之比较Comparis on of models of Huma n Resource Man ageme nt betwee n East and West从《嘉莉妹妹》看德莱塞的女性观网络环境下英语专业学生学习策略研究《可以吃的女人》的女性主义解读初中英语课堂教学的任务型活动设计隐喻视角下的政治新闻语篇分析当爱遇见不爱——浅析《马可百万》中的三对情爱关系On Con tradict ion Betwee n Comprehe nsion and Expressi on in Tran slati on论中西教育观的差异跨文化交际中的禁忌习俗任务教学法在初中英语阅读中的应用试论英语中的歧义与翻译从功能派翻译理论的角度研究中国菜单翻译试比较《汤姆索亚历险记》与《哈克贝利芬历险记》中主人公性格异同点解析《红字》中的红与黑游戏在初中英语教学中的作用论《爱玛》中的新女性形象任务型教学模式在初中英语课堂教学中的现状分析--以XX学校初一学生为例浅析中美家庭教育的差异英汉颜色词语义对比研究解析女性主义在DH劳伦斯《马贩子的女儿》人物塑造中的体现Purita nism in The Scarlet Letter中国文化元素在功夫熊猫中的体现及其翻译《哈克贝利？费恩历险记》的艺术特色分析试论库珀的种族观以《最后一个莫西干人》为例语用学理论在经贸英语口译中的应用论《金色笔记》的多元主题英汉颜色词在文化背景下的不对应性对《魂断蓝桥》女主角悲惨性命运原因的分析In flue nee of Cross-Cultural Differences on the Tran slati on of Chin ese and En glish Idioms 艾米丽的心理性格分析西方饮食文化对中国饮食的影响宗教枷锁下的人性挣扎一一《红字》中丁梅斯代尔形象解读从生态批评视域解读《热爱生命》A Study on Effective Multimedia-assisted SEFC Teach ingIn flue nee of Wester n Food Culture upon Chin ese People人格、环境与命运--- 以弗洛伊德"人格结构理论”分析《还乡》中的主要人物命运中西方婚姻观的差异《蝇王》中象征意义浅析浅谈来自《圣经》的英语习语英汉鸟类词汇文化内涵比较英汉味觉词“酸甜苦辣”的比较分析《呼啸山庄》中窗的意象中国菜名翻译的技巧与准则An An alysis of Middlemarch from the Perspective of EthicsOn the Cultural Signification and Translation of Animal Idioms功能对等视角下记者招待会古诗词翻译策略研究电影名称的翻译特点Non verbal Communi cati on Used in Differe nt En glish Teach ing StagesA CP-based An alysis of Humor in Frie ndsOn Tran slati on of Culture-Loaded Words in Subtitle of Ashes of Time Redux论《天路历程》的批判精神战争、归乡、爱情一《冷山》的多元主题研究形合与意合对比研究及翻译策略论接受理论对儿童文学作品的影响一一以《快乐王子》中译本为例电影片名的翻译研究En glish to Chin ese Tran slati on Methods 从餐桌礼仪看中西文化差异浅议提高英语阅读速度的方法《觉醒》与《欢乐之家》中的女性形象和女权思想之比较从体育舞蹈看中西方社会的审美文化差异《雾都孤儿》中的善与恶运用超验主义解读《小妇人》中的女性形象《飞屋环游记》的人物设置特色分析《乞力马扎罗的雪》中概念隐喻分析Gen der Differe nee in Daily En glish Con versati on挣脱枷锁，走向自由——从《人性的枷锁》看毛姆的人生观试论霍桑小说《胎记》中的象征主义A Con trastive Study on Meanings of Ani mal Words in En glish and Chin ese英语教学中合作学习策略的初步研究拒绝话语跨空间映射的认知解读一以商务洽商为例迪斯尼动画《木兰》中的中美文化融合分析中西校园流行语的文化对比“爵士时代”的女性一一对比分析《伟大的盖茨比》和《太阳照常升起中》的女性角色埃德加•爱伦•坡幽默小说研究《紫色》中黑人男性形象研究浅析欧洲中世纪骑士和中国侠士精神的差异一西欧中世纪初期骑士和中国秦汉游侠从《傲慢与偏见》两个汉译本看翻译策略的选择《麦琪的礼物》的叙事技巧分析语用移情及其在英语学习中的运用盖茨比美国梦的幻灭——透视现实生活中的爱情比较研究王维与华兹华斯的自然观Childhood PTSD in Anne of Green Gables中美两国家庭文化差异s Nana The Comparison of the Two Main Characters in Daniel Defoe ' s Roxana and Emily Zola跨文化视野下的中国形象一一以好莱坞电影为例论《简爱》中的女性意识On the Ways to Develop Junior Middle School Students ' Autonomous AbilityCulture Teach ing in College En glish Liste ning Classrooms《道连•格雷的画像》中意识与潜意识的对抗与结合从《悲悼三部曲》看尤金？奥尼尔对古希腊悲剧的继承性超越从《喧哗与骚动》中看复合式意识流手法广告英语中语言的性别差异Tragedy of a Margin alized Man ------ An An alysis of Shylock in The Mercha nt of Venice英语网络语言特点研究Risk Compari ng of Docume ntary Collectio n and Letters of Credit从跨文化角度浅析化妆品商标翻译论《双城记》中卡登形象的塑造及其意义英语外贸信函的特点及翻译从语用等效角度透析旅游景点名称英译《蝴蝶梦》中的女性成长主题研究浅析小组合作在小学英语教学中的应用浅谈象征在《了不起的盖茨比》中的运用从《爱玛》看简？奥斯丁的女性主义意识试析《推销员之死》中威利？洛曼的美国梦从精神分析和人格面具理论看“我”和吕蓓卡的对立统一消除不良商标翻译的策略《白鲸》主人公埃哈伯人物形象分析从《打鱼人和他的灵魂》看王尔德的唯美主义《愤怒的葡萄》中圣经的象征和隐喻Study of Tran slati ng Skills of Busin ess Corresp ondence《觉醒》女主人公-艾德娜追求自我的过程从电影《暮光之城》浅析吸血鬼文化的改变隐喻在英语政治演讲辞中的认知功能一以奥巴马的竞选演讲辞为例中美婚姻价值观对比跨文化视角下研究英汉民俗词语的不等值翻译从《西风颂》初析雪莱的反传统人格特征论《第二十二条军规》的写作手法试析与地理环境有关的英语成语及其文化内涵论罗伯特？佩恩？沃伦《国王的人马》中对真理与自我认知的追求中西方聚会文化差异比较研究马斯洛需要层次理论下的《奥兰多》试析《傲慢与偏见》中的书信“美国梦”的幻灭一一论《人与鼠》的社会悲剧中西方文学作品中复仇的异同——《基督山伯爵》和《连城诀》比较研究A Comparative Study of Chin ese and En glish Polite Lan guages功能对等理论视角下英语言语幽默的翻译一以《老友记》为例《呼唤》中倒装句汉译策略研究。
跨文化交际的英文表达
"Cross-cultural communication" 是指在不同文化背景下进行交流和理解的过程。
在许多情境下，人们可能会用以下表达来描述跨文化交际：
1. Intercultural Communication: 跨文化交际的常用术语。
2. Cultural Exchange: 文化交流，表示在不同文化间分享和交流信息。
3. Global Communication: 全球交流，指的是超越国界进行的跨文化沟通。
4. Diversity and Inclusion: 多元性与包容，强调在交际中考虑和尊重不同文化的多样性。
5. Interpersonal Understanding: 人际理解，强调在交流中理解和尊重他人的文化差异。
6. Cultural Sensitivity: 文化敏感性，指的是在交际中考虑并尊重他人的文化背景。
7. Adaptation and Adjustment: 适应与调整，表示在不同文化环境中调整自己的交际方式以融入当地文化。
8. Global Citizenship: 全球公民意识，鼓励个体在跨文化交际中具有开放、包容和全球意识。
9. Cultural Intelligence (CQ): 文化智商，强调个体在不同文化中有效交往的能力。
10. Bridging Cultural Divides: 架桥文化分歧，表示尝试弥合不同文化间的差异。
在任何跨文化交际中，理解文化差异的重要性以及尊重他人文化的价值观是关键。
这些表达可以帮助描述和促进在多元文化背景中的有效交际。
浅析跨文化交际障碍学位论文
AbstractCross-cultural Communication (International Communication or cross cultural communications) refers to the communication of people from different cultural backgrounds. In cross-cultural communication, incorrect pronunciation, grammar or vocabulary mistakes are likely to lead to mutual misunderstanding and communication barriers. However, when the pronunciation and the grammar are correct, the obstacles will be continue to occur due to the fact that one side cannot express their ideas accurately, or lack of response to the other side of the topic, or some words seem too domineering, etc. At present, cross-cultural communication has been regarded as an comprehensive discipline combining of anthropology, linguistics, psychology, communication studies, sociology and other disciplines by international scholars. Today’s world is an era of globalization, people from different cultural backgrounds having more and more communication, intercultural communication is becoming more and more important. In this paper, two types of the understanding obstacles in intercultural communication, failures in cross-cultural communication process because of the language difference, or because of the cultural difference barriers, general reactions to the problem and some effective solutions were discussed.Key Words: intercultural communication; understanding obstacles; cultural differences中文摘要跨文化交际（国际交流或跨文化交际）是指不同的文化背景的人们之间的沟通。
Analysis of Cultural Differences
前言：了解文化，重在实践！欢迎参加4月6号五食晚7:00——9:00的中西文化节哦Analysis of Cultural Differences浅析中西文化差异Intercultural communication is a form of global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communication problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them. As a separate notion, it studies situations where people from different cultural backgrounds interact. Aside from language, intercultural communication focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. It also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. Cultural barriers of cross-cultural communication come from cultural differences. Therefore, understand the cultural differences is necessary to overcome the cultural barriers.First, we should make clear the definition of culture.The book Communication Between Culture give the culture a definition:"Culture is a system of shared beliefs, value, custom, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning. " This definition includes not only patterns of behavior, but also patterns of thought,artifacts, and the culturally transmitted skill and techniques. Because people who live in different countries, they all have different habits. These habits are the barriers of the communication between cultures. If you want to communicate with other people from different countries without impediment. Try to learn about the culture differences between Chinese and western country.Human beings draw close to one another by their common, but habits and customs keep them apart. The reasons are as follows:1. Cognitive styleAbstract thinking is characteristic thinking pattern of the West. The traditional Chinese thinking is intuition and experience. The main features of western nations' thinking is the logical analysis, and Chinese thinking is integrated and intuitive. Western thinking pattern deeply influence the national cultural and scientific theoretical thinking along different path to development.First, Western value the rationalism and speculative, China value the experience and intuition.Greek philosophy is the source of Western philosophy, ancient Greek is very keen on the natural, they care about the world's origin, the main object relations, and the changes of things. Although they have simply instruments to observation and practice, not have a rational way system, but it's always filled with rational thinking. Ancient Chinese science and philosophy come from their own thinking. the pleasure can be sensed but not expressed in words, such as the understanding of Chinese medical knowledge. Western people pay more attention to the details. Chinese care about the whole more. For example, the order of Chinese name is family name before name. We can know from the name that family is importantfor a person in China. But in west, their own name is before family name. Protruding the human. We can conclude that Chinese think about things from ensemble. Sometimes, Chinese would ignore the details.2. Human and natureChinese culture show solicitude for human. The core of China culture is the relationship of human and human. Western culture pay close attention to the nature. The relationship of human and nature is the center problem of what Ancient Greek care about. What's more, Chinese think they should live with nature harmony. Western people regard the nature as something they can conquer.Mode of thinking is the bridge of culture and language. The differences of thinking mode is the reason of culture differences. China is a semi enclosed continent country. The environment and the small-peasant economy produce the Confucianism. The Confucianists keep a watchful eye on politics and morals. Chinese human nature is ethics. The ocean geographical environment, decide that the western people's thinking mode is cognitive. Human respect and promote discovery nature. People believe that the knowledge is power. People can over come the nature by their knowledge. The Chinese humanities spirit is different from the humanism of wets. The humanities sprit lay stress on self-cultivation. Seek after the harmony, sparkplug the collectivism.In China, people think they live in the world. That is the nature give them food, give them everything they want. So , in their opinion they should live with nature harmony. But in west, people think that human power is stronger than nature power. People can fight with nature to live in a better world.3. Value systemChina is a social of collectivism. So, the relationship of people is complexed that you can't image it. You can't live without relationship in China. Almost everything you do need by your relationships. Even when your child go to school, you need it to choose a better school. China is a hundred-percent relationship country. What about the west. Because the culture differences, the west is a individualistic social. Western people try to do everything by themself, if you want to get a job. You must have the ability to be competent for it. People seldom do something by their relationship. Their relationship is just relationship, such as friendship, when friends get together, that is just for fun. If they take part in party, they never talk about work.Western people hold the opinion of the theory of original sin, they think that everyone is guilty since they born. So , their whole life is atonement. That is because of their belief. Most western people is christian. Christian hold this opinion. However, because the influence of Confucianism, Chinese believe that human nature is goodness when he was born. Human not even innocence, but also their nature in goodness.If you want to learn a language better, you should not only learn about the language , but also learn about the culture differences between your native language and the language what you learned. The mode of thinking, sense of worth and national belief are most important between different culture, when we learn about the language we should value it .。
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION1
Cross-cultural Communication (1):Social Structures Between China and AmericaIn China, the social structure is formal and hierarchical. You know where you fit in the structure and you abide by the rules there. There is no crossing into other areas. In America, it is much more loose and informal. It is not uncommon to see those of various social levels socializing and knowing each other. There are very few lines that socially are not allowed to be crossed. This can cause problems in business relationships if the visiting culture is unaware of it.一、核心词汇cross-cultural [,krɔs‟kʌltʃərəl] adj. 跨文化的social […səʊʃ(ə)l] adj. 社会的；社交的hierarchical [,haɪə‟rɑrkɪkl] adj. 分层的；分等级的；等级制度的abide [ə‟baɪd] vt.&vi. 容忍；遵守；停留loose [luːs] adj. 宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的vt.&vi. 释放；松开various […veərɪəs] adj. 各种各样的level […lev(ə)l] n. 水平；级别；层socialize [ˈsəʊʃəlaɪz] vi. 交际；参与社交vt. 使社会化unaware [ˌʌnəˈwer] adj. 没有意识到的；不知道的二、核心表达cross-cultural Communication跨文化交流social structure 社会结构abide by the rules遵守规则It is not uncommon 并不少见social level社会等级see sb. doing sth. 看到某人做某事socialize and know each other 相互来往并认识be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事cross the lines越界；做得过分cause problems in 在某方面造成问题visiting culture访问的一方文化be aware/unaware of sth. 意识(不)到某事三、文本精讲In China, the social structure is formal and hierarchical.social structure就是“社会结构”，这句话里还有个生词，叫做hierarchical，意思是“分层的、等级制度的”，所以这句话也就是说：在中国，社会结构正式、等级分明。
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外国语学院1英语2语言学2学期论文32013至2014学4年度第二学期5题目：6Analysis of the cross-cultural 7communication in Scrapping89姓名：牛思10钰11年级：11级12翻译1班13学号：140409110117151617Analysis of the cross-cultural 18application in Guasha Treatment19Abstract: As the global world coming today, expanding both in 20economy and in political, as well as in culture eventually emerges 21cross-cultural. Guasha, as a point to highlight some differences in 22medical treatment, ethics and legal view, which reflects the 23cross-cultural between China and western.24Key words: cross-cultural, difference, causes, guasha25Guasha ,as our traditional medical treatment in the folk for 26thousands of years, which was used to cure partly skin hyperemia , 27inflammation inside, heatstroke, acute enteritis and food poisoning.28And in that coins with some water or oil are used to scratch 29people‟s back and chest. After that, our back will leave some 30scratching marks for a long time.31Plots in Guasha to be ebb and flow: Xu Datong come from 32Beijing and his wife have been immigrant America for eight years, 33hard-working made their American dream come true. Happy 34family, smart son, good conduction both in salary and social status, 35all of which belong to Xu Datong ,however, what suddenly 36happened to him had had changed all of his life ,Dennis was sick 37and his grandpa from Beijing gave him guasha treatment, which 38was founded and taken to the court as a result of child 39abuse .what‟s more, Xu Datong was in a dilemma that his son was 40temporarily adopted by child-welfare and forbid to visit by his 41family, as well as he resigned his job and separated from his wife, 42all of which had broken up his American dream.43The following is the analysis of differences between China and 44Western.451.Differences in medical treatment46In China, as we all know that TCM is basically on the principles 47of Philosophy of Chuang Tzu, “Heaven, Earth and I come into 48being together, and all things and I are one.” what the Chuang Tzu 49said in the theory On the Uniformity of All Things, which is a kind 50of macroscopic universe theory including both men and nature.51The diagnostic methods of yin-yang theory and channel theory in 52TCM consist of look, listen, question and pulse. There also are 53many other methods of treatment with rich clinical experience, 54such as Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Manipulation, Massage and 55Cupping Image. However, western medical pays more attention on 56the study of physiology, pathology, anatomy. Test, perspective, 57section, radiography, CT and radioisotope scan are all used as the 58verification methods in the western medical. In that age ,western 59were not familiar with our medical treatment well, which also due 60to the different cultural between our countries.612.Differences in ethics62china‟s philosophy contains ethics philosophy and moral 63philosophy. Our traditional culture all the time focus on the ethical 64and moral cultivation, for example, the pre-Qin Confucianism 65thinks …xiao‟ means that we should return grace of parental rearing.66And Chinese people also think “Spare the rod spoil the child”, 67which is the education method of us. What‟s more, many other 68differences in ethics.692.1‘xiao’70In china,‘xiao‟ had been advocated by Confucian culture 71and was the spiritual support of ethics in China‟s ancient 72government. And it attaches significant influence on our life 73and culture as well. In this movie, the character, Xu Datong is 74a dutiful son, with his actions to express his appreciation to his75father and carry out the good moral. First, he welcomed his 76father to come to America to live with his family after his 77success. Meeting father‟s need for material and spiritual is 78through his real action. Second, he acquiesced and even agreed 79on his father‟s smoking in the house. ‘xiao‟told us we 80should accept the elder to do anything even which is wrong.81However, people in western think they should forbid everthing 82that bad for their parents‟healthy, which is the way to show 83our love for them. Third, to show his filial piety to his father, 84Xu Datong broke the law for two times at great risk of jailing.85In the court, in order to protect his father, he told lies and 86secretly took his son from the child-welfare because his father 87wanted to see Dennis for the last time before went back to 88Beijing. All his actions are praised by Chinese but blamed 89whereas in western902.2 …mianzi‟91In western, …mianzi‟was defined as the individual image in 92public that every individual wants to earn for himself. But in China, 93people recognized the …mianzi‟as individual honor and dignity.94“Chinese faces, can be washed, scraped and be gave, deserted as 95well as be fight for and be saved ,sometimes which stands the first 96place in our life and exchanged for all our fortune at any time.”Mr 97Yutang Lin said in a massage of …face and rule of law‟.1Just like 98the example in the movie, Dennis hit his friend‟s son ,and 99Datong ,even had not asked the causes, immediately slapped 100Dennis in front of others, which shocked his friends as an absurd 101reason for giving …mianzi‟to him. The question for “what is the 102disordered logical? And how can you give me dignity as hit your 1031林语堂，林语堂散文集[M],香港；香港世界文摘出版社，1954。