真题及答案
高考笔试真题及参考答案
高考笔试真题及参考答案Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fillin each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding spacein your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Good afternoon, everybody. I'm pleased to be here with you, graduates of xx. I'm a (1), and students often approach me with (2). You see, we are living in a society of great changes. With the presence of (3), the process of getting a job in today's world has changed for (4).Well, how can you use new technologies to help you? First, let's look at how you (5). The traditional method of hunting for a job in the past required first, doing research on jobs that were (6), typically by looking in newspapers, periodicals and magazines, as well as TV ads, and (7). Then you decided where and for what post you were going to apply, put your resume (8) in a stamped envelope, and waited anxiously for someone to (9).Well, today, maybe the job search and (10) are very much the same, but the tools used are much more advanced, and they (11). In fact, technology has not so much changed the process as enhanced it. The benefit, both for (12), isthat this makes the search more open to people of (13) from all over the world. But as more people are involved,it bees (14) for the applicant than it ever was before.The (15) for the working world today is learning these new and (16) and bining them with the older methods people have been using for years. For example, (17), you can research employment not just in your city, but also in your state, your country, and (18). You can copy information from a web page and paste it into a Microsoft Word document that's easy to (19). In many ways, it's easier now: Just type your job application, click, and (20); it gets there in an instant.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) Entertainment on TV.(B) The news in the US.(C) Being a correspondent.(D) Interpreting news.2. (A) The news is just entertainment.(B) The news is shallow.(C) The news gets reported in the same style.(D) The news is boring.3. (A) The news offers easy information that doesn't mean much to you.(B) The news makes you feel like you're learning, but actually you're not.(C) The news is just another popular entertainment program like a sit.(D) The news must be presented by physically attractive ladies.4. (A) More entertaining.(B)More in-depth.(C)Less informative.(D) Less interesting.5. (A) Newspapers. (B) Radio.(C) TV. (D) The Inter.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) A trade show of the latest sporting goods is on display.(B) An event for team sports is held with the country's best athletes.(C) A spring market fair for cutting equipment and aessories is open.(D) A business rendezvous is scheduled between VIPs and the best athletes.7. (A) Microsoft Inter Explorer 7 and Mozilla Firefox 2.(B) SnapBack, a private browser that does not store individual information.(C) A built-in RSS reader to quickly scan the latest news and information.(D) Safari 3, the world's fastest and easiest-to-use web browser.8. (A) Heavy rain triggered floods which caused heavy casualties and damage.(B) Harsh drought had been going on for several years and killed some people.(C) 23 people were missing after a storm hit a villagein the mountainous province.(D) Authorities were searching for the people who had crossed the border from other countries.9. (A) Two soldiers hijacked a jet plane full of passengers in flight.(B) The hijackers were captured after killing one ofthe hostages.(C) A military unit arrested the hijackers with no one injured or killed.(D) The hijacked plane landed safely at an airport in a neighboring country.10. (A) $683.30. (B) $ 900, 000.(C) C$1 million. (D) C$2 million.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) TV programs.(B) Media coverage on crime.(C) The school system.(D) Juvenile crime.12. (A) The problem has been overdone by the media.(B) The messages the kids get make them like that.(C) The school has not done enough to help the kids.(D) Some kids are essentially violent.13. (A) Giving the kids a more caring environment.(B) Setting up a responsible school system.(C) Taking harsh actions against violence in the school.(D) Keeping the kids under one-to-one surveillance.14. (A) Do supervised activities.(B) Take instructional programs.(C) Stay in school for supper.(D) Go in for sports.15. (A) Because they can help set good role models.(B) Because they can stop white-collar crime.(C) Because they can reduce crime.(D) Because they can make criminals feel fair.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Workplace inequality.(B) Sexism in language.(C) The AIDS crisis.(D) The way the mass media treats women.] 7. (A) Language and thought definitely influence each other.(B) It is impossible to understand the relationship between the two.(C) What we think certainly determines what we say.(D) What we say very probably affects what we think.18. (A) The professional world.(B) The United Nations publications.(C) The international women's organization.(D) The feminist movement.19. (A) Nouns don't have a gender in English.(B) Spanish nouns have two genders.(C) German nouns are either masculine or feminine.(D) The issues of gender vary across-languages.20. (A) How some publications avoid sexist language.(B) Why we have to avoid sexism in English.(C) The efforts we have already taken to eliminate sexism.(D) The gender issues in different languages.。
公务员试题真题题库及答案
公务员试题真题题库及答案一、单选题1. 我国宪法规定，中华人民共和国的一切权力属于：A. 公民B. 人民C. 政府D. 国家领导人答案：B2. 根据我国行政法规定，行政机关在作出具体行政行为时，必须遵循：A. 公平原则B. 效率原则C. 合法性原则D. 保密原则答案：C3. 我国公务员法规定，公务员的考核内容包括：A. 工作态度B. 工作能力C. 工作成绩D. 所有选项答案：D二、多选题1. 以下哪些属于公务员职业道德的基本内容？A. 忠诚于国家B. 服务人民C. 遵守纪律D. 廉洁自律答案：ABCD2. 我国公务员的晋升途径包括：A. 考试选拔B. 考核晋升C. 推荐晋升D. 民主评议答案：ABC三、判断题1. 公务员在执行公务时，可以因个人原因拒绝执行上级的命令。
（错误）2. 公务员在任职期间，不得从事任何形式的兼职工作。
（正确）四、简答题1. 简述公务员的职责和义务。
答：公务员的职责主要包括：遵守宪法和法律，执行国家政策，维护国家利益和社会公共利益，服务人民，公正执行职务，保守国家秘密等。
公务员的义务包括：忠诚于国家，遵守职业道德，不断提高自身素质和工作能力，接受监督等。
五、案例分析题某市环保局公务员李某在执行公务过程中，发现一家企业存在严重污染问题，但该企业是市里的纳税大户。
李某在处理此事时，应该如何做？答：李某作为公务员，首先应该坚持依法行政的原则，对企业的违法行为进行调查和取证。
其次，李某应该向企业说明其违法行为的严重性和后果，要求企业立即停止违法行为，并采取有效措施进行整改。
同时，李某还应该向上级领导汇报情况，并提出处理建议。
在整个过程中，李某需要保持公正、公平，不受任何外界因素的干扰。
结束语：公务员作为国家机关的工作人员，承担着维护国家法律、政策和人民利益的重要职责。
通过本题库的学习和练习，希望能够帮助考生更好地掌握公务员应具备的知识和能力，为成为一名合格的公务员打下坚实的基础。
国家普通话考试水平测试真题及参考答案（六套）
国家普通话考试水平测试真题及答案（六套）普通话水平测试试卷由四个测试项构成，总分为100分。
分。
1、读单音节字词100个，3分30秒，占10分。
目的考查应试人普通话声母、韵母和声调的发音。
分。
目的考查应试人普通话声母、韵母和声调的发音。
2、读双音节词语50个，2分30秒，占20分。
目的是除了考查应试人声、韵、调的发音外，还要考查上声变调、儿化韵和轻声的读音。
韵和轻声的读音。
3、400字短文朗读，4分钟，占30分。
目的是考查应试人使用普通话朗读书面材料的能力，重点考查语音、语流音变、语调等。
变、语调等。
4、说话，时间3分钟，占40分。
目的是考查应试人在无文字凭借的情况下说普通话所达到的规范程度。
分。
目的是考查应试人在无文字凭借的情况下说普通话所达到的规范程度。
整理国家普通话考试水平测试样卷真题及答案（五套）。
整理国家普通话考试水平测试样卷真题及答案（五套）。
国家普通话考试水平测试真题及答案（1）一、读单音节字词（100个音节，共10分，3.5分钟）分钟）lǎosāiqiàēncáoshuāhénɡzōnɡxiàbōmǐnjiànqǔzhuōféibìnɡkǔyánɡwàizǐ老腮洽恩曹刷恒踪夏拨闽建娶捉肥病苦扬外子老腮洽恩曹刷恒踪夏拨闽建娶捉肥病苦扬外子kānɡxiánlüèěrpōchénwàtǐàichuōjiǎnɡzéixùnbiērìjǔdiāoshùxíd óu糠嫌略耳颇陈袜体爱戳蒋贼迅鳖日举叼述习窦糠嫌略耳颇陈袜体爱戳蒋贼迅鳖日举叼述习窦zhīqúncǎibīnsèrénɡyuàntuīzhòuɡǎnzāshǒuwānɡɡuǎnónɡyǔxiónɡquànfēnɡhuàn枝裙睬宾瑟仍苑推皱感咂手汪寡浓羽雄劝丰幻枝裙睬宾瑟仍苑推皱感咂手汪寡浓羽雄劝丰幻tétén n ɡzhǎnhuáiɡuǎnɡfánruòzhǎnɡlùyuēcíjīmièsuíɡuānzhǔnaimásònɡrěhuī滕盏怀广烦若掌鹿曰磁积篾隋关嘱耐麻诵惹挥滕盏怀广烦若掌鹿曰磁积篾隋关嘱耐麻诵惹挥lǐnɡpiáojiǔlánkàotuánjiǒnɡmíɡǔnfānɡpén miàmiàotúotúotúndiuchándiuchándiuchán n ɡyànzuǐshuānbǎoniē领瓢久兰靠团窘谜滚方盆妙屯丢偿宴嘴栓宝捏领瓢久兰靠团窘谜滚方盆妙屯丢偿宴嘴栓宝捏二、读多音节词语（100个音节，共20分，2.5分钟）分钟）diànyāhuǒhouzhēnɡlùnyōnɡyǒunánɡuàibèiwōérwéichíkuàdùmiùwùpínqiónɡzīɡé电压火候争论拥有难怪被窝儿维持跨度谬误贫穷资格电压火候争论拥有难怪被窝儿维持跨度谬误贫穷资格méméiren iren ɡuīlǜɡānɡtiěqínɡkuànɡkèqìjūnfámínɡchēnɡjiàoshīquēshǎocónɡérhǎodǎi媒人规律钢铁情况客气军阀名称教师缺少从而好歹媒人规律钢铁情况客气军阀名称教师缺少从而好歹xiānɡcūnfósìhézuòshèxīnniánɡshànɡcénɡtiàoɡāoérdōnɡōupiěkāixuǎnbáfùnǚxiǎowènɡér乡村佛寺合作社新娘上层跳高儿东欧撇开选拔妇女小瓮儿乡村佛寺合作社新娘上层跳高儿东欧撇开选拔妇女小瓮儿yúnduāntóunǎojuédìnɡxìnɡwēnróuzhěnsuǒpíjuànshuǐzāisuànbànéránɡránzhuànɡtài云端头脑决定性温柔诊所疲倦水灾蒜瓣儿昂然状态云端头脑决定性温柔诊所疲倦水灾蒜瓣儿昂然状态chǔlǐlínzhōnɡzhuānjiāliánɡkuàiqiányímòhuà处理临终专家凉快潜移默化处理临终专家凉快潜移默化三、朗读短文（400个音节，共30分，4分钟）作品16号很久以前，在一个漆黑的秋天的夜晚，我泛舟在西伯利亚一条阴森森的河上。
公务员考试试题真题及答案大全
公务员考试试题真题及答案大全公务员考试是许多人梦寐以求的事业选择之一。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，提高考试成绩，我们汇集了一系列公务员考试真题及答案，希望能为广大考生提供参考与帮助。
一、行测部分1.下列哪个词是近义词？A. 悲伤B. 开心C. 动荡D. 安定答案：A. 悲伤解析：近义词是指意义相近或相似的词语。
选项中，除了“A. 悲伤”外，其他选项的意思与悲伤不符。
2.某种商品原价为100元，现在打9折出售，买家购买该商品后，还有一元钱零钱找回。
那么这种情况下该商品的实际折扣是多少？A. 5%B. 9%C. 10%D. 90%答案：C. 10%解析：打9折即为原价的90%，而购买商品后还有一元钱零钱找回，说明实际支付了89元，那么实际折扣就是100元-89元=11元，即11%。
所以实际折扣为100% - 11% = 89%。
进一步换算为十分制即为10%。
二、申论部分题目：请就当前城市交通拥堵问题，提出解决方案。
答案：面对当前城市交通拥堵问题，我们可以从以下几个方面着手解决：1. 加强公共交通建设：增加地铁线路、公交车辆，并提高运行频率，以提升公共交通系统的便捷性和吸引力，减少私家车使用。
2. 推广绿色出行方式：鼓励市民步行、骑行和使用电动车等环保出行方式，以减少车辆排放对环境的污染和交通拥堵的负面影响。
3. 实施交通管理措施：严格执法，加大对违章停车、乱停乱放等交通违法行为的处罚力度；同时，加强路况监测和导航系统的建设，为市民提供及时、准确的交通信息。
4. 调整工作和学习时间：灵活安排上下班和上学时间，避免高峰期集中出行，缓解交通压力。
5. 优化道路规划与建设：合理规划道路布局，设计合理的交通流线，提高道路通行能力，增设公共停车设施，鼓励车辆停放在指定区域。
总之，解决城市交通拥堵问题需要政府、市民及相关部门的共同努力与配合。
只有形成全社会的共识，并采取科学合理的措施，才能有效减少城市交通拥堵，提升市民的出行感受和生活质量。
2023年经济师真题完整版及答案
一、单项选择题(共70题，每题1分，每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)1.按照美国经济学家科斯的观点，企业存在的根本原因是(。
（加粗的为答案）A.节约交易成本或交易费用B.科学技术进步C.产品标准化D.信息不对称2.关于合同权利转让的说法，错误的是(。
A.具有人身性质的债权不能转让B.债权人转让权利，应当经过债务人的同意C.债权人转让权利的通知不得撤销，但经过某某人统一的除外D.双方订立合同时特别约定不得转让的权利不得转让给 3.下列统计变量中，属于定量变量的是(。
A.性别B.年龄C.产品等级D.汽车品牌4.从国际经验来看，政府间财政收支结构划分呈现的基本特征是()A.收入以中央政府为主，支出划分以地方政府为主 B.收入以地方政府为主，支出划分以中央政府为主C.收入和支出划分均以中央政府为主D.收入和支出划分均以地方政府为主5、如果边际消费倾向为0.8，则税收乘数为()。
A.4B.-4C.5D.-56.关于完全垄断企业的需求曲线的说法，正确的是(。
A.完全垄断企业的需求曲线是一条平行于横轴的水平线B.完全垄断企业的需求曲线位于其平均收益曲线的上方C.完全垄断企业的需求曲线与整个行业的需求曲线相同D.完全垄断企业的需求曲线与完全竞争企业的需求曲线相同7.在城市2023年4月空气质量检测结果中，随机抽取6天的质量指数进行分析。
样本数据分别是：30、40、50、60、80和100，这组数据的平均数是()。
A.50B.55C.60D.708.关于总成本曲线变动规律的说法，正确的是(。
A.总成本曲线从原点开始，随产量的增加而逐步上升B.总成本曲线不随产量的变动而变动C.总成本曲线从纵轴一个截点即产量为零时总成本等于固定成本的那个点开始，并随产量的增加而逐步上升D.总成本曲线从纵轴一个截点即产量为零时总成本等于可变成本的那个点开始，随产量的增加而逐步下降9.目前划分不同货币层次的依据是(。
A.利率水平B.资产的流动性C.货币的国际化水平D.货币的材质10.下列权利中，属于合同保全制度内容的是(。
2023年12月英语四级真题及参考答案
加油！有志者事竟成答卷时应注意事项１、拿到试卷，要认真仔细的先填好自己的考生信息。
２、拿到试卷不要提笔就写，先大致的浏览一遍，有多少大题，每个大题里有几个小题，有什么题型，哪些容易，哪些难，做到心里有底；３、审题，每个题目都要多读几遍，不仅要读大题，还要读小题，不放过每一个字，遇到暂时弄不懂题意的题目，手指点读，多读几遍题目，就能理解题意了；容易混乱的地方也应该多读几遍，比如从小到大，从左到右这样的题；４、每个题目做完了以后，把自己的手从试卷上完全移开，好好的看看有没有被自己的手臂挡住而遗漏的题；试卷第１页和第２页上下衔接的地方一定要注意，仔细看看有没有遗漏的小题；５、中途遇到真的解决不了的难题，注意安排好时间，先把后面会做的做完，再来重新读题，结合平时课堂上所学的知识，解答难题；一定要镇定，不能因此慌了手脚，影响下面的答题；６、卷面要清洁，字迹要清工整，非常重要；７、做完的试卷要检查，这样可以发现刚才可能留下的错误或是可以检查是否有漏题，检查的时候，用手指点读题目，不要管自己的答案，重新分析题意，所有计算题重新计算，判断题重新判断，填空题重新填空，之后把检查的结果与先前做的结果进行对比分析。
亲爱的朋友，你们好!经过两个月的学习，你们一定有不小的收获吧，用你的自信和智慧，认真答题，相信你一定会闯关成功。
相信你是最棒的！12023年12月英语四级真题及参考答案英语四级试卷采用多题多卷的形式，大家核对答案时,找出具体选项，忽略套数。
无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本，仅供大家参考。
听力原文：第一套【Section A】News Report 1A police officer in the U. S. stopped a large SUV car that was going very slowly and drifting across lanes on a highway. He expected to find a driver who was either very drunk or having a medical emergency. Instead, the officer discovered a five year old boy sat on the edge of the driver's seat. His feet could barely reach the brake, and his head was only just high enough to see out of the windows. The child had taken the keys to the family car while his teenage sister was napping. He then drove three kilometers across town before getting on the highway. The boy later told confused officers that he was planning to travel to California and buy a Lamborghini sports car. Although he only had 3 dollar in his wallet, at least he was driving in the right direction.Q1: Why did the police officer stop the SUV car?Q2: What did the boy tell the police officers he was planning to do?News Report 2Mobile phones have changed the way we live, how we read, work, communicate, and shop. But we already know this. What we have not yet understood is the way the tiny machines in front of us are changing our skeletons. Possibly altering not just the way we behave but even the very shape of our bodies. New scientific research at the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia suggests that young people are developing extra pieces of bone at the backs of their heads. These pieces of bone are caused by the way people bend their heads when they use the phone. This shifts weight onto the muscles at the back of the head and causes the bone to grow in a way that is not normal. This process can be compared to the way the skin hardens in response to constant rubbing or pressure. The result is a piece of bone like a horn that sticks out from the head by the neck.Q3: What does the report say we have not yet understood about mobile phones? Q4: What happens to the skin when rubbed or pressed constantly?News Report 3A village is going to throw a birthday party for an orange cat named Wilbur, who has become famous for making a regular appearance at local shops. Wilbur has his own internet pages as he approaches his 10th birthday on July 7.Wilbur is both bold and friendly.He spends most of his time in shops and businesses around the village.He'll just take himself into any shop, anywhere.There was one time when the doctor's receptionist came back and he was sitting on her chair.Among his favorite haunts are a local hairdresser, two pubs, and the Nottingham Primary School.Leslie Harper, who runs one of the pubs, said the cat has been a big hit with their customers.“He's been a regular visitor for most of this year”, she told the Press Association.“He's a very relaxed cat, happy for customers and villagers young and old to come in and say hello. She also said he is a cat of expensive tastes, who likes his high priced cat food. ”Sarah Godfrey, who is organizing Wilbur's party, told the local newspaper, “Wilbur is part of our lives, as he is for everyone who lives in the village. “Q5: What does the report say the village is going to do for the cat Wilbur? Q6: What do we learn from the report about the cat?Q7: What does the pub owner, Leslie Harper, say about the cat?【Section B】Conversation 1M: So, where do you want to go for lunch?W: I don't know. Do you have anything in mind?M: What about the sandwich place on Camden Street?W: Um, no, sorry. I don't feel like sandwiches today. It's a great place, but I think we go there too often.M: That's true. Remember, that's where we saw Bridget Clark, the famous movie star.W: Of course. How could I ever forget? There were crowds of people around her, asking for a photo with her.M: What about hamburgers, then? There's that American style diner on the way to the mall.W: I like that place. Their chips are great, but their service takes a long time, and I need to get back by 2.：30 for a conference call. How about trying something new? We could try Mario's, the new Italian restaurant on the corner. It looks alright. Have you been there?M: No, I haven't, but I've noticed that it has great reviews on the internet. It's supposed to be one of the best Italians in town. I think Jeremy has been there and said it was amazing. I'm up for that.W: Cool. Have you asked Jeremy if he would like to come with us?M: I already have. He says he can't. He has brought his own lunch today, so he will stay in. I think his wife made him soup.W: Poor Jeremy. His wife is a terrible cook. He should throw that soup in the bin and join us.Q8: What are the speakers talking about in this conversation?Q9: Where did the speakers see Bridget Clarke, the famous movie star?Q10: Why does the woman say she needs to get back by 2:30?Q11:Why does the woman say Jeremy should throw his soup in the bin? Conversation 2W: Hi there, how are you today? Do you have a reservation with us already? M: Good afternoon. Yes, we reserved our rooms yesterday morning on your website for three nights. The name's Patterson.W: Okay, let me have a look. Yes, we have it here. You brought the whole family with you, I see.M: Yes, the two kids, my wife and I, and her parents too.W:Great. So, we have a family room for you and your wife and the kids. And another double room for your parents in law. They are right next to each other on the ground floor, since you mentioned in your message that they have trouble with stairs.M: That's wonderful. My father in law has had terrible problems getting up and down stairs since his knee operation last April.W: I'm sorry to hear that, and if you need any help to find transportation for the whole family, we can definitely recommend someone for you.M: We were thinking of renting a car, but we will explore all the options available for sure. So yes, that would be very helpful in comparing prices. We're also wondering what tours and day trips are available.W: We have bunches of brochures here. I would recommend getting out on a boat trip. The kids will love it, and there are so many islands nearby to explore. There's also a great night market further into town that has all kinds of food and cool little shops selling souvenirs and local jewelry and clothing made by hand.M: That all sounds marvelous.W: Now, all I need is to photocopy your passports, and then I can get you all checked in and show you to your rooms.Q12: Who is the man talking to in the conversation?Q13: What do we learn about the man's father in law from the conversation? Q14: Why does the man say they will explore all the options available? Q15: What does the woman suggest the man and his family do close to the end of the conversation?【Section C】Passage 1Artificial intelligence agents play ever more influential roles in our lives. They do everything from suggesting new friends to recommending purchases.They're even beginning to drive our cars. Another role that they are expected to take over is negotiating on our behalf in commercial transactions or legal disputes.So, it's important to know whether using an artificial intelligence agent might affect how we negotiate. Research indicates that it does. In a new study, participants were told to imagine that they were negotiating for something important to them, like a house. Next, they were told either that they would negotiate for themselves, or they would program an artificial intelligence agent to negotiate for them.Participants then completed a survey indicating how tough, deceptive, and pleasant or otherwise they wanted to be, or wanted their agent to be, in the negotiations. For example, participants could choose to be tough by making an opening demand far greater than what they'd be willing to accept. They could also choose to express sympathy with their opponent, to appear pleasant. But they could also indicate that they, or their agent, Would strategically express anger toward the opponent to gain advantage, or they could opt to convey dissatisfaction with the encounter so that the other party would think they were losing interest. These are both examples of deceptive strategies. Participants were more willing to employ deceptive strategies when assigned an agent to negotiate on their behalf.Q16: What does the passage say about artificial intelligence agents?Q17: What does the new study want to find out about using an artificial intelligence agent?Q18: What did participants tend to do when assigned an AI agent to negotiate on their behalf?Passage 2New research has studied the effects of a seven week healthy cooking course. Academics measured the program's effect on cooking confidence and self perceived mental health. Researchers also measured participants overall satisfaction around cooking and diet related behaviors. What were the findings?Course participants saw significant improvements in general health. They also reported improved mental health and subjective vitality immediately after the program. These benefits remained six months after the completion of the course. What caused these improvements? Researchers have previously found a link between eating more fruits and vegetables and improved longer term mental health.This would imply that the participants in the current study may have felt better due to improved diet. However, the study showed participants mental health improved even if their reported diet did not change after completing the program. Also, the mental health benefits were equal among participants who were overweight or obese and those in a healthy weight range.This suggests a link between cooking confidence and satisfaction around cooking and mental health benefits. Who benefits most from learning to cook? Gender plays a part. At the start of the program, 77 percent of female participants were confident about cooking, but just 23 percent of males were confident.At the end of the program, cooking confidence and skills were equal across both counterparts. This change in confidence could lead to a gender balance in home cooking. This, in turn, could reduce consumption of unhealthy, high calorie processed meals.Q19: What do we learn about the benefits the participants gained from the healthy cooking course?Q20: What do the new research findings suggest about mental health benefits?Q21: What plays a role in determining who benefits most from learning to cook?Passage 3What is personal space? We often think of it as an invisible bubble of space surrounding us that others can't enter, without causing discomfort.Research shows, however, that we actually have bubbles of different sizes.Each of these bubbles applies to a different set of people. The smallest zone, called intimate space, extends outward from our bodies 18 inches in every direction.Only family, pets and one's closest friends may enter it. A mere acquaintance entering our intimate space makes us uncomfortable.Next is the bubble called personal space, extending from 1.5 feet to 4 feet away. Friends and acquaintances can comfortably occupy this zone, especially during informal conversations, but strangers are forbidden. Extending from 4 to 12 feet away from us is social space. Here, people feel comfortable conducting routine social interactions with new acquaintances or total strangers.Those are the average sizes of Americans personal bubbles, anyway. It is important to keep in mind that personal space varies depending on culture and context.Furthermore, there are significant individual differences. As we all know, cultural or individual differences in personal bubble diameters are all too often the cause of discomfort.How did these personal bubbles arise? According to research, we begin to develop our individual sense of personal space around age 3 or 4. The sizes of our bubbles are fixed by our teens. These bubbles are constructed and monitored by the brain region involved in fear.Q22:What does research show about our personal space?Q23: What happens if a mere acquaintance enters our intimate space?Q24: Where do people feel comfortable interacting with new acquaintances or strangers?Q25: When are the sizes of our bubbles fixed?第二套【Section A】News Report 1Have you noticed how similar you are to your friends? It may be because your brains operate in harmony with each other. We know that friends are more likely to be the same age, gender, and ethnic background as each other. Now it seems their brains are alike too. Researchers at the University of California scanned 42 classmates while they watched videos intended to provoke varying responses. Some people might find a romantic scene touching, for instance, while others would feel it was embarrassing. The activity of friends brains was more similar than that of people who didn't know each other, particularly in regions involved in attention, emotion, and language. This similarity was strong enough that it could be used to predict whether two people were already friends or not. Therelationship probably goes two ways. We are drawn to people who think like us. We then influence their thoughts over time, which may push their brain activity into more closely resembling our own.Q1: What may be the reason that friends are similar to each other, according to the recent research?Q2: What does the news report say about the relationship between friends?News Report 2Two men who have been best friends for 60 years have just realized they are actually brothers. It's reported that Alan Robinson and Walter McDonald met in the 6th grade at a school in Hawaii. They have been best friends ever since. Alan was given away for adoption soon after he was born, and Walter never knew his father.So recently, They made separate attempts on DNA matching websites to discover more about their ancestry. Walter was astonished to find thathe matched with website user Robbie737. He knew immediately that this was his best friend, Alan, whose friends call him Robbie, and flew 737 airplanes when he was a pilot.The pair were born to the same mother 15 months apart.Q3: What did both Alan Robinson and Walter McDonald attempt to do on DNA matching websites?Q4: What did the news report say about Alan Robinson and Walter McDonald?News Report 3Amid all the election drama, air pollution problems and disease outbreaks, five tourists good work is being spread online.Yesterday, 2 male and 3 female tourists were spotted walking the kilometer long beach, picking up trash. One of the male tourists from Australia commented that although there was a lot of trash, nobody was doing anything. The beach was not as nice or beautiful as it should be. He felt so sad to see such a gorgeous place littered with so much trash. Thus, he and his friends decided to grab a few trash bags and clean it all up.A man passing by decided to video their good deed and put it on the internet. It was unclear where the rest of the group was from, but they were most likely traveling together.One local woman commented on being embarrassed that tourists were cleaning up their beach. Another mentioned that it was actually the natives who brought food and drinks, then left trash all along the island.Q5: Why did one of the male tourists feel sad?Q6: Who put the good deed video on the internet?Q7: Why did one local woman say she was embarrassed?【Section B】Conversation 1W: Hello Benjamin, Dan and I will be going for a run along the canal Saturday morning. Would you like to join us?M:I'd love to, but I hurt my ankle last weekend playing football with work colleagues.W: Oh dear, is it serious?M: No, not at all. I landed badly during a fall and twisted it a little, but it's no big deal. It's just a little swollen and I should be fine for next Saturday if you still want to go for a jog then.W: I won't be here next Saturday. I'm going to the zoo.M:The zoo?W: Yeah. My little nephew turns six, and he loves the zoo. So the whole family is going.M: Oh, okay then. I haven't been to a zoo since I was a kid.W: They are nowhere near as popular as they used to be when we were children. I personally feel sorry for the poor animals stuck in cages. But there's no denying they are fun and educational for children.M: Do you know if Dan will be around next Saturday?W: Yeah, I think he will. Just send him a text message. He's always keen on physical activities.M: That's true. Dan is extremely fit and healthy. He goes to the gym most days, plus tennis two or three times a week.W: So, what have you been doing to stay busy while you've had that swollen ankle?M: I've been catching up on some reading. I was given three books over Christmas, and I'm only now getting around to reading them.Q8: Why can't the man go for a run Saturday morning?Q9: Why is the woman's whole family going to the zoo next Saturday? Q10: What do we learn about Dan from the man's description?Q11: What has the man been doing since last weekend?Conversation 2W: Our guest on today's book talk is John Black, the author of the new bestseller, Retire Early.M: Thanks for having me on the show, Lisa.W: John, your book is getting a lot of attention, partly because you write that most people can retire by 40. Is that realistic?M: Definitely. When researching this book, I interviewed hundreds of people who retired by 40.W: Okay, but how much money does a person need to retire? I've read articles recommending one million dollars as a good figure for retirement. M:While most financial planners do give numbers, I don't think that's useful, as people are living in different areas with different costs of living, and have different needs and wants, which is why I suggest that people aim for financial independence.W: What do you mean by financial independence?M:Having investment income that's greater than monthly expenses.W: That sounds risky to me. What if an accident happens? Or you get ill and need medical treatment? Shouldn't people have extra cash for emergencies?M: Too many people spend their lives working on jobs they hate because they're afraid. So I counsel people to take risks. Retirement doesn't have to be permanent, and if people need to, they can go back to work. W: But it's not always easy to get back into the workforce after an extended absence.M: True, but if you keep current with your skills, you will be attracted to employers.W: Maybe, but how can anyone save enough to retire by 40 when most people can't retire at 60?M: Simple, by cutting housing, food, and transport expenses and investing half your monthly income.W: That sounds impossible.M: I admit it's difficult, but it has worked for thousands.Q12: What do we learn about the man's book published recently?Q13: What do the articles the woman read recommend?Q14: What does the man say about retirement?Q15: How does the man say his proposal about retirement can be carried out?【Section C】Passage 1New research from America studies the role that the presence of individuals from different social or racial groups has in influencingconsumers food choices. This research found college students were more likely to choose healthy food in the presence of an observer of a different race, as opposed to an observer from their own race. The same was true when they were with someone from a different university compared to someone from their own. Researchers say this was because participants anticipated more negative judgment from an outsider group. In contrast, they felt less judged by members of their own group. In one experiment, participants were offered the choice between candy and fruit as a snack. When in the presence of an unknown student from their own university, only 12 percent of students selected the healthier option. However, this number was 31 percent when in the presence of an unknown student from another university. Other experiments showed similar results based on racial group. What's the reason for this pattern? The study found that people feel judged to a larger extent by members of other groups. Because of this, they strategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression. There have been many attempts to help consumers make healthier choices, but consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet. This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefits of healthy choices.Q16: What was the finding of the new research from America about consumers food choices?Q17: When did 31 percent of students in the experiment select the healthier option?Q18: How could a healthy diet be promoted according to the findings of the new research?Passage 2For college students under pressure, a dog may be the best stress fighter around, according to the finding of a recent study. It's a really powerful finding, said Patricia Pendry, who led the study. Universities are doing a lot of great work trying to help students succeed academically, especially those who may be at risk due to a history of mental health issues or academic and learning issues.This study shows that traditional stress management approaches aren't as effective for this population compared with programs that focus on providing opportunities to interact with therapy dogs. The researchers measured executive functioning in the students involved in the study. Executive function is a term for the skills one needs to plan, organize, motivate, concentrate, and memorize.These are skills students need to succeed in college. The research has found that students who were most at risk had the most improvements in executive functioning after interacting with therapy dogs. These results remained when researchers followed up six weeks later. Many universities provide academic stress management programs and workshops.These are traditionally very similar to college classes. They often talk about ways to get more sleep, set goals, or manage stress or anxiety. Hendry acknowledges that these are really important topics and these workshops help typical students succeed. But they're less helpful for struggling students.Hendry believes those students may experience the programs as another lecture and feel even more stressed.Q19: What does the recent study led by Patricia Pendry aim to examine? Q20: What did the new study measure in the participants?Q21: What does Patricia Pendry think traditional stress management programs may do?Passage 3Taking risks in business does not mean going into business blindly and then expecting great results. On the contrary, taking risks in entrepreneurship involves careful planning and hard work. Nobody can really be sure if risks will be met with success, no matter how calculated they may be. But this should not stop you from taking risks, as risks are necessary if you want your business to succeed.Some risks may not work out, but an optimistic risk taker will always look at failure as an opportunity to learn. The willingness to experiment with new ideas is key to business growth. As the old saying goes, nothing ventured nothing gained.Failure will teach you how to think and plan strategically. But just remember that not all risks are good ones, and when you fail, learn from it and move forward. Since most people tend to avoid risk, businesses that are brave enough to take risks already have a competitive advantage. They are the ones setting the standard with new ideas, fresh offers and bold inventions.Risk takers are best at adapting in difficult times. Simply put, when most individuals stay away from risk, it means less competition for risktakers. We don't know if you'll achieve what these risk takers have achieved, but for as long as you want to stay safe, and for as long as you are content with where your business is right now, you will never find out.Q22: What do entrepreneurs have to do when taking risks according to the passage?Q23: What does the passage say is key to business growth?Q24: What are we advised to do when we fail?Q25: What does it mean to risk taking businesses when most people tend to avoid risk?参考答案翻译部分1.中国政府十分重视人民的饮食健康中国政府十分重视人民的健康饮食（diet ）。
2023年6月英语六级真题及参考答案
2023年6月英语六级真题及参考答案六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，找准具体选项内容，忽略套数！网络综合版：听力第一套Conversation OneM: Hi Lily, how's the new apartment?W: It's okay.M:What? How can it be just okaywhen last week you were thrilledabout the place and keptnosting photos of it online?W:Well,【1】last week whenfmoved in, the apartment seemed cozy, justthe right size forone person. But nowit just seems tiny, shabby and solitary.M: Al that's the problem. You missyour roommates from university,don't you?W: I'm going to sound like G idiot【2】because Iused to complain to youall the time about how crowded ourdormitory room was, and about allthe things they did to irritate me, likewatching movies late at night withoutheadphones, or talking loudly early inthe morning. But now Imiss themterribly.M: Of course you do. That's perfectlynormal. When I got my first place,Iremember thinking I could ti wait tolive by myself and get away from myjuvenile roommates and all their annoyipghabits.【3】But then began issing them and feelinglonely and thinking that our dormitory was like paradise. Even though there were six of us guys inone small room.W: I thought it was just m who reltlike thiat.M: Look, you lived at home with us.And then you had three roommates.And this is your first time living alone.So i hard But your first apartmentis a milestone in your life. And youshould celebrate it. Tell me about theapartment.W: Actuaily, it's not bad. In fact, it'spretty adorable. Now that I have decorated it and it has et rjthing Ineed. I have a kitchen to cook in thebathroom al! to myself.And then anothes room with my bed at one endand the sofa, a small table and chairsat the C herend.M: That does sound adorable, and【4】Ican't wait to see it. And neither canmom and dad.Question 1: What was the woman'sfirst impression of the apartment?Question 2: Why does the womansay she's going to sound like an idiot?Question 3: What do we learn about the man when he left thedormitory to live on his own?Question 4: What is the man say hecan't wait to do.W: Welcome to our program book talk. Q5.ourgyest today is FrankJonesiditicbf our education system and the author of new book,How to reform our universitres.M: Hello, Susan.W: Frank, you support radicallychanging universities in America. Yes.Q6.I believe that the purpose of highereduad grefo prepare young peopleto enter the workforce and that ourcurrent system fails to do this, We'reallocating too many resou disciplines that don't match the needsof employers.W: I think your attitude to education isa bit cynical Frank. Surely the purpose of university is to prepareyoung people to participate fully incivic life rather than just to find wellpaid jobs.M: Susan, many young graduates struggle to find any job let alone agood one. The job markcisgrim.Particulaniior students who studythe arts. I agree that it isn't easy foryoungr gegple to find work, but youpropose closing down alt departments that aren't directlyrelated to science and technology. Isthat really the solution?M: You're overstating my paint. Q7.My argument is that we need it use moer of our budget on areas like science and engineering. To do that, we needto take money from subjects likeliterature and musicW: Q8,But the arts have value. They'rean important part of our culture.studying literature or music or sculpture might not result in a job inthatae But it helps young people tothink about the world in a.deeperway, which makes them b citizens and makes fora better society.M:l agree that the arts are valuable tosociety, but it's naive to think that notonly tk miost talented, but allstudents should study them at university level. The odds are verycompetitive, and most graduates willend up with a great deal of debt,obtaining a degree that has littlevalue on the job market.Question 5. What do we learn from theconversation about the man?Question 6. What does the manbelieve is the problem with the current American System of Higher Education?Question 7. How should the educationbudget be allocated according to theman?Question 8. What does the woman saythe arts can do?Passage OneDo you ever have the annoying feetingthat you don't have time to really thinkanymore? You're not alone.【Q9】A variet dtdrs have conspired to robus of time for reflectionourselves and our lives.preoccupied minds are rarely Silent.The average person receives hundredsof texts and voice messages a day. Andholidays for many of us are action-packed weeks more likely full of familyactivities than opportunities fortranquility and contemplation.【Q10】Regular reflection,howe,underlies all great professionals. It's a prerequisite for you to recharge yourmental batteries. See things in a newlight and tap into your creativity.Almost all of the great advisors that Ihave studied have found ways to getaway from it all and contemplate theirlife and work. Some researchers in thefield of creativity, in fact, believe thatinsight occurs during the reflection and relaxation that follows aCeriod of intense actvity.Schedule your time for reflection aboutyourwork ora particular proiect you're engaged in. I usually biock outhalf an hour. Don't answer the phone.Push your papers to the side. Sketch,make lists, draw mind maps of ideasthat come to you. At the end, write down any emerging ideas.When you're alone, stop worrying andthink. A lot of our downtime is spentworrying about troublesc ne thihgs inour lives or fantasizing aboat how we'dlike our lives to be.【Q11】Revisitthings during moments of relaxationafter a periodnof intense work. This iswhenwe are the most creative.Question 9 What do we learn about thefeeling that one doesn't heeitime tothink anymore?Questica 10 What trait do all greatprofessionals share?Question 11 What is some researchersbelieve is conducive to creative ideas?Passage Twohad post offices The first opened in 1859 in asettlement founded by migrants searching for gold,Life could be unpredictable outwest. Gold failed to appear. Drought ruinedfarmers, and settlers clashed with_NativeAmericans.On the settlement's location now stands asprawling University campus. Amid all thechanges, one feature remained constant: thepostal service. The maps tracing America'swestward expansion are telling in 1864 therewere few postat branches on land controlledby Native Americans, which still accountedfor most of the West. Over the next 25 years,post offices grew quickly. Colonization'of theWest could be regarded as a result of biggovernment rather than pioneers.【13】Asfederal subsidies and land grants temptedpeople into the deserts and plains, the postkept them connected.In the mid-19th century, the Post OfficeDepartment was far from a centralizedbureaucracy. To keep up with migrationpatterns, postal services were added toexisting businesses.【14】The federal government commissioned private wagons themail. Short term contracts were granted tolocal businessman to act as postmasters.These partnerships enabled the mail to quickly followmigrants helping knit togetherremote parts of the country.Mr. Bellavance, a digital historian, wrote abook on the history of the US postal service.【15】He used the data science to analyzehistorical trends, Most strikingly he built anaccompanying website, complekw;Tinteractive maps.They show readers-howwithin a generation the postal service helpedcolonize a continent. These online interactivemaps illustrate the formative power of snailmail.Q12 What does the passage say AboutColorado before it became a state?Q13 How did the postal service contribute toAmerica's westward expansion?Q14 What did the federal government:do tomeet the increasing demand for the postalservice in the West?Q15 What did Mr. Bellavance do to study thehistory of the US postal service?听力演讲1In last week's lecture, we discussed reasons whypeople forget things. This week we will discuss asurprising reason why we might remember somethings, anxiety. Think about something as simple asbuying a coffee. That may not seem like an experience that would make a deep impression onyour memory. But anxiety could change that. Q16.In fact, a new study suggests that people withhigher anxiety levels might remembertertain information better than people with lower anxietylevels.That's because higher levels of anxiety may makepeople moresusceptible to negative feelings,putting them in a more negative state of mind. Thatin turn, may make them able to better remembersome events. Let's take a closer look at that newstudy now. Q17. In this study, tseardhersstarted by giving 80 undergraduate students ananxiety test. The test measure the participantsanxiety levels over the proceeding two weeks.Then, to test memory, the participants were showna series of neutral words one at a time. Some of thewords were printed onto photos of negative scenes,meaning images that could affect their emotionsnegatively, such as a photo of a car accident, or acemetery. The rest of the words were printed ontophotos of neutral scenes, such as a photo of a lakeor trees. Neutral words included words like table ordesk that don't elicit emotion.Later, the participants were asked to think back tothe words they were shown earlier, which causedthem to reenter either a negative or neutral mindset. The participants were then presented withanother set of neutral words, and their memory ofthese new words was tested.The researchers found that the new words presented to people in a negative mindset werebetter remembered by people with higher levels ofanxiety than those with lower levels of anxiety.In other words, when highly anxious individualstook in otherwise emotionally neutral informationthat was presented to them, it became colored bytheir negative mindset, making them remember theinformation better. But these same effects were notseen in people with low levels of anxiety.Q18. Previous studies havefound that extremeevels of anxiety such as those experienced bypeople diagnosed with an anxiety disorder can bequite detrimentalto memory and cognitive performan But the highly anxious people in thisstudy represent individuals who are managing theiranxiety and for whom anxiety is not. a seriousproblem.Question 16. What does the speaker say the newstudy suggests?Question 17. What did researchers do first in thenew study?Question 18. What do we learn from previousstudies aboutlanxiety?Over the past 20 years, the u ternet hasgradually become a dominant featureof our lives. It has changed how wecommunicate with each other. And ithas definitely transformed the way wedo business with each other:Marketinghas also changed in a number of ways.For instance, in the past, consumershad to call a phone number and patiently wait on hold in order to getthe information they wanted.[Q19]Today, they want the informationimmediately. They'll go to the company's sociaLmediapdc nifostcomments and questions expecting toreceive an immediate response. Iftheydon't get their questions answeredsoon they'll move on to anothercompany that will answer themquickly.Marketing departments today need tofollow technological development. Forexample, this year smartphone issmarter than last years. s fariving cars are now on the road. Marketershave to do research on which techncingies:are coming into bsing,otherwise, they risk being leit behindin the virtual dust.Marketing has also changed due to theimportance of video. People don't justwant to read text. They walt to watchthings happening. Companies now have to explore how they can use videoon a consistent basis to share information about their sinesses.Fortunately, it's extremely easy to shoot something these days. All youneed is a smartphone.But what's the result of all this? Shorteraitention spans? We aren't the samepeople that we were 20 yedi ago. Notonly have we grown accustomed togetting the information we want instantaneously, our attention spansare much shorter. If something doesn'tcaptulc ourattention within a fewseconds. We're on to the next piece ofcontent.[Q20]Marketers need to figureout ways to speak directly to the customer's emotions and they need tofigure out how to do that as quickly aspossible. Once people are emotionallyengaged, they'll stick with you.If marketingi has changed this much inthe past 20 years, imagine what thenext 20 years will bring li ai recentsurvey, only 9% of marketers could saywith confidence that their marketingefforts were actually working. Theirconfidence is being shaken becausethe rules of the game change everyyear. That's why [Q21]it'simportant for marketers to pay attention to the latest technological devel and consider collaborating with technological innovators. That way,they'll be moving at thesame pace asthe tech industry.Question 19 What does the speaker sayabout today's consumers?Question 20 How do marketers captureconsumers'attention as quickly aspossible?Question 21 What does the speakersuggest marketers do to meet futurechalletes?演讲3You might be surprised to learn that [Q22] thebenefits offriendships extend beyond people's sociallifeand into their work, which is interestingwhen cd lili the extent to which peoplesacrifice friendships, or at least the time they spendwith friends because of the exte edihairsthey'redevoting to work. Just last week, rwas remarking toa colleague that I'm content with only one socialengagement per week. But according to recentresearch, that's evidently not enough.In an initial study of more than 700 respondents,scholars from an American university [Q23] analyzethe imrf thst:fiends as opposed to family haveon sel dem Jahd well-being. Friends came outsubstantially on top. That's because to be someone's mate is a voluntary act. Unlike familywho people rarely get to choose. The researchersfound that when people choose to cultivate andmaintain supportive friendships with an individual,it means that the person is valued and worthy oftheir limited time. Such sentiments of value andworthiness boost our self-esteem.The second study comprised more than 300 participants. It proved that the better we feel aboutourselves, the more likely we will perform our jobconfidently and competently. This follow-up studyfound that [Q24] non-work friends even improvedpeople's job satisfaction. They have as much of animpact on how much they love their jobs, as do thefriends they have at work, despite not actuallybeing at our place of work. These types of friendstend to be our preferred outlet fo nni aboutwork-related mattersyThis is an avenue that maynot be available at the office.So even though friendships can be easy to neglectwhen confronted-by pressures at work, or evenpressures at home, neglecting our friends can turnout to be harmful and counterproductive. That'swhy when determining how to create a better work-life balance, we need to consider not only how tobalance work and family demands, but also how tocultivate and sustain supportive friendships. It's for employees for flexible work arrangements. It'sirrelevant whether their need for a desired scheduleis due to say, parenting responsibilities, or a craving to hang out with their best mate. Whatmatters is the opportunity to engage in a nourishingactiyity outside of work. That will definitely have afollow-on effect at work.Q 22 What does the speaker say is interesting?Q 23 What did researchers from an Americanuniversity analyze in their initial study?Q 24 What did the second study find aboutmon-work friends?Q 25 What does the speaker suggest managers do?参考答案：1.A) She is drawn to its integration of design andengineering.2.D) Through hard work.3.C) It is long-lasting.4.A) Computer science.5.B) He is well known to the public.6.D) Serve as a personatassistant.7.D) He has little previous work experience.8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity todevelop team spirit.11.C) Let them participate in some less risky outdooractivities.12.B) Tech firms intentionally design products tohave short lifespans.13.C) List a repairability score of their product.14.D) Take the initintive to reduce electronic waste.15.A) It can be solved.16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18.A) Taking mini-breaks means better jobperfontance.19.D) There were no trees.20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it topromote his ideas.21.B) The state government declared it the officialArbor Day.22.B)They moved ou of Africa about 60,000 yearsago.23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth inChina.24.A) There must have been some reason for humanmigration.25.D) What path modern humans took to migrateout of America.听力第二套参考答案：作文：心理健康Mental well-being is regarded as a state of health where a person is able to address normal stresses in daily life. Recently,this state has been grasped as much attention as physical health.Obviously, there are several factors that affect people's mental well-being. Firstly, a strong contributor to mental well-being refers to the state of a person's usual environ-ment. Adverse environmental circumstances can lea negative effects on psychological wellness. Livingin a positive social environment, in contrast, can provide protection against mental challenges. Secondly, people's lifestyle can also impact their mental health. Smoking, a poor diet, alcohol con-sumption, substance use, and risky sexual behavior may result in psychological harm. Smoking, a poor diet, alcohol consump-tion, substance use, and risky sexual behavior may result in psychological harm. Worse, such behaviors have been linked to depression.In conclusion, because mental health is so important to general wellness, it's important that you take care of your mental health. Talking therapy, meditation and maintaining a positive outlook on life all contribute to people mental health. With a positive mental state, all areas of life will go towards active de-velopment.友好的讨论When faced with differing opinions, we should try to reach agreement through friendly discussion and reasonable argu-ment. In our daily life, it is common to see college students struggling with a polite and logical way when their views differ from others'. Apparently, this issue has sparked public con-cerns.Friendly discussion allows individuals to share their perspec-tives and opinions in a respectful manner. This can lead to a better understanding of each other's viewpoints and poten-tially even finding common ground. In addition, reasonable ar-gument allows individuals to present evidence and logic to sup-port their position, which can help persuade others to see their point of view. However, it is important to note that not all disagreements can be resolved through discussion and argu-ment alone. In some cases, compromise may be necessary to reach a resolution that satisfies all parties involved.To sum up, friendly discussion and reasonable argument, to a large extent, are of great use. We should be open-minded and engaged in such practices.教育的目标Education has played an increasingly crucial role in modern so-ciety. We aim education on different levels at cultivating the to-be successors of our global village. One important goal that education is trying to achieve is help students master the ways to acquire knowledge.Of all the capabilities one can develop to acquire knowledge in being educated, three sorts are of the greatest significance.First of all, students who are receiving education definitely know that they are always ignorant of some branches in th eocean of knowledge, which can keep them modest and more willing to explore their unfamiliar realms, even deeper if they've already done so. Moreover, students can imitate what their teachers or professors do in or our of class and then gradually acquire the ability to undertake more scientific re-search and intellectual inquiries alone. Last but not least,youngsters who are accustomed to being educated at school or college are more likely to keep studying as a life-long habit,which will have a substantially positive effect on their own life and the future of the human world.In my perspective, education is one of the most marvelous social inventions that ever existed in human history. Without it, the whole globe can never continue developing further in a civilized and prosperous direction.星火英语版：听力部分（共2套）第一套1.B) It was warm and comfortable.2.B) She misses her roommates she used to complain about.3.C) He had a similar feeling to the woman's.4.A) Go to see the woman's apartment.5.D) He has published a book recently.6.C) It has not prepared young people for the job market.7.A) More of the budget should go to science and technology.8.D) Cultivate better citizens.9. A) It is quite common.10. B) Engaging in regular contemplation.11. D) Reflecting during ones relaxation.12. C) There existed post offices.13. D) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected.14. B) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail.15. C) He examined its historical trends with data science.16. A) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people's memory.17）C) They measured the participants' anxiety levels.18.B) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance.19. D) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry.20. C) Speaking directly to their emotions.21. B) Keep up with the latest technological developments.22. D) Friendships benefit work.23. A) The impact of friends on people's self-esteem.24. D) They increase people's job satisfaction.25. A) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule.第二套1. A) She is drawn to its integration of design and engineering.2.D) Through hard work.3.C) It is long-lasting.4.A) Computer science.5.B) He is well known to the public.6.D) Serve as a personal assistant.7.D) He has little previous work experience.8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity to develop team spirit.11 C) Let them participate in some less risky outdoor activities.12. B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have short lifespans.13. C) List a repairability score of their product.14. D) Take the initintive to reduce electronic waste.15. A) It can be solved.16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18. A) Taking mini-breaks means better job perfontance.19.D) There were no trees.20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote his ideas.21.B) The state government declared it the official Arbor Day.22.B）They moved ou of Africa about 60,000 years ago.23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China.24.A) There must have been some reason for human migration.25.D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of America.翻译部分（共3套）1.中国文化出口近年来，越来越多的中国文化产品走向全球市场，日益受到海外消费者的青睐。
历年行测真题及答案解析
国家公务员录用考试《行政职业能力测验》试题第一部分数量关系(共15题，参考时限15分钟)本部分包括一种类型的试题。
数学运算，完成1～15题。
你可以在草稿纸上运算，遇到难题，你可以跳过不做，待你有时间再返回来做。
1.96÷42的值是（）。
A.5B.7C.8D.62.782+222+2×78×22的值是（）。
A.10000B.1000C.1500D.200003.(313－312－31)÷31的值是（）。
A.929B.939C.919D.8294.出租车在开始10千米以内收费10.4元，以后每走1千米，收费1.6元，请问走20千米需收多少钱?（）A.20.8B.26C.26.4D.205.水结冰后，体积比原来增加1/11，1.1升水结冰后的体积是多少升?（）A.1.2B.1.21C.1.1D.1.06.2小时25分合多少秒?（）A.8750B.9650C.8700D.97007.一单位运来34吨煤，烧了18吨，烧了的比剩下的多几分之几?（）A.1/8B.1/9C.1/6D.1/108.李华每周储蓄35元，如果他现在已有100元存款，那么需多少天他能买上一台价值240元的割草机?（）A.4B.6C.28D.219.一间会议室，长8.5米，宽6米，用长20厘米，宽10厘米的长方形砖铺地，要用多少块?（）A.2550B.2500C.2450D.265010. 用同样长的铁丝围成三角形、圆形、正方形、菱形，其中面积最大的是（）。
A.正方形B.菱形C.三角形D.圆形11. 一只猫每天吃由食品A和食品B搅拌成的食物300克，食品A的蛋白质含量为10%，食品B的蛋白质含量为15%。
如果该猫每天需要38克蛋白质，问食物中食品A的比重是百分之几?（）A.47％B.40%C.13D.50%12. 某次测验有50道判断题，每做对一题得3分，不做或做错一题倒扣1分，某学生共得82分，问答对题数和答错题数相差多少?（）A.33B.99C.17D.1613. 某单位有青年员工85人，其中68人会骑自行车，62人会游泳，既不会骑车又不会游泳的有12人，则既会骑车又会游泳的有()人。
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A．208B．287C．325D．382
33．通过POP3协议接收邮件时，使用的传输层服务类型是。
A．无连接不可靠的数据传输服务B．无连接可靠的数据传输服务C．有连接不可靠的数据传输服务D．有链接可靠的数据传输服务
C．启动I/O设备D．被高优先级进程抢占
26．若系统S1采用死锁避免方法，S2采用死锁检测方法。下列叙述中，正确的是。Ⅰ．S1会限制用户申请资源的顺序，而S2不会
Ⅱ．S1需要进程运行所需资源总量信息，而S2不需要Ⅲ．S1不会给可能导致死锁的进程分配资源，而S2会
A．仅Ⅰ、ⅡB．仅Ⅱ、ⅢC．仅Ⅰ、ⅢD．Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ
A．0B．1C．2D．317．下列存储器中，在工作期间需要周期性刷新的是。
A．SRAMB．SDRAMC．ROMD．FLASH
18．某计算机使用4体交叉编址存储器，假定在存储器总线上出现的主存地址（十进制）序列为
8005，8006，8007，8008，8001，8002，8003，8004，8000，则可能发生访存冲突的地址对是。A．8004和8008B．8002和8007C．8001和8008D．8000和8004
每个索引指针占4个字节。若某文件的索引节点已在内存中，则把该文件偏移量（按字节编址）为1234
和307400处所在的磁盘块读入内存，需访问的磁盘块个数分别是。
A．1,2B．1,3C．2,3D．2,4
30．在请求分页系统中，页面分配策略与页面置换策略不能组合使用的是。A．可变分配，全局置换B．可变分配，局部置换
6）为什么二路选择器MUX的一个输入端是2？
44．（10分）题43中描述的计算机，其部分指令执行过程的控制信号如下图所示。
A．1KBB．8KBC．16KBD．32KB
40．某浏览器发出的HTTP请求报文如下：
下列叙述中，错误的是。
A．该浏览器请求浏览index.htmlB．Index.html存放在上C．该浏览器请求使用持续连接D．该浏览器曾经浏览过
二、综合应用题：第
41．（15分）用单链表保存m个整数，结点的结构为：[data][link]，且|data|≤n（n为正整数）。现要求设计一个时间复杂度尽可能高效的算法，对于链表中data的绝对值相等的结点，仅保留第一次出 现的结点而删除其余绝对值相等的结点。例如，若给定的单链表head如下：
C．固定分配，全局置换D．固定分配，局部置换31．文件系统用位图法表示磁盘空间的分配情况，位图存于磁盘的32～127号块中，每个盘块占
1024个字节，盘块和块内字节均从0开始编号。假设要释放的盘块号为409612，则位图中要修改的位所在的盘块号和块内字节序号分别是。
A．81、1B．81、2C．82、1D．82、232．某硬盘有200个磁道（最外侧磁道号为0），磁道访问请求序列为：130,42,180,15,199，当前磁
A．13B．14C．15D．16
3．下列选项给出的是从根分别到达两个叶结点路径上的权值序列，能属于同一棵哈夫曼树的是。
A．24,10,5和24,10,7B．24,10,5和24,12,7
C．24,10,10和24,14,11D．24,10,5和24,14,6
4．现有一棵无重复关键字的平衡二叉树（AVL树），对其进行中序遍历可得到一个降序序列。下列关于该平衡二叉树的叙述中，正确的是。
2）求A2，矩阵A2中位于0行3列元素值的含义是什么？
3）若已知具有n（n≥2）个顶点的图的邻接矩阵为B，则Bm（2≤m≤n）中非零元素的含义是什
么？
43．（13分）某16位计算机的主存按字节编码，存取单位为16位；采用16位定长指令字格式；
CPU采用单总线结构，主要部分如下图所示。图中R0～R3为通用寄存器；T为暂存器；SR为移位寄存器，可实现直送（mov）、左移一位（left）和右移一位（right）3种操作，控制信号为SRop，SR的输出由信号SRout控制；ALU可实现直送A（mova）、A加B（add）、A减B（sub）、A与B（and）、A或B（or）、非A（not）、A加1（inc）7种操作，控制信号为ALUop。
24．假定下列指令已装入指令寄存器。则执行时不可能导致CPU从用户态变为内核态(系统态)的是。
A．DIVR0,R1;(R0)/(R1)→R0
B．INTn;产生软中断
C．NOTR0;寄存器R0的内容取非
D．MOVR0,addr;把地址addr处的内存数据放入寄存器R0中
25．下列选项中，会导致进程从执行态变为就绪态的事件是A．执行P(wait)操作B．申请内存失败
A．146kB．147KC．148KD．158K
16．假定编译器将赋值语句“x=x+3;”转换为指令”addxaddr,3”，其中xaddr是x对应的存储单元地址。若执行该指令的计算机采用页式虚拟存储管理方式，并配有相应的TLB，且Cache使用直写（WriteThrough）方式，则完成该指令功能需要访问主存的次数至少是。
2015
计算机科学与技术学科联考计算机学科专业基础综合试题
一、单项选择题：第
1．已知程序如下：
程序运行时使用栈来保存调用过程的信息，自栈底到栈顶保存的信息依次对应的是。
A．main()→S(1)→S(0)B．S(0)→S(1)→main()
B．main()→S(0)→S(1)D．S(1)→S(0)→main()2．先序序列为a,b,c,d的不同二叉树的个数是。
A．根结点的度一定为2B．树中最小元素一定是叶结点
C．最后插入的元素一定是叶结点D．树中最大元素一定是无左子树5．设有向图G=(V,E)，顶点集V={V0,V1,V2,V3}，边集E={<v0,v1>，<v0,v2>，<v0,v3>，<v1,v3>}。若
从顶点V0开始对图进行深度优先遍历，则可能得到的不同遍历序列个数是。
比较次数是。
A．1B．2C．3D．411．希尔排序的组内排序采用的是。
A．直接插入排序B．折半插入排序
C．快速排序
D．归并排序
12．计算机硬件能够直接执行的是。
Ⅰ．机器语言程序Ⅱ．汇编语言程序
Ⅲ．硬件描述语言程序
A．仅ⅠB．仅Ⅰ、Ⅱ
C．仅Ⅰ、Ⅲ
D．Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ
13．由3个“1”和5个“0”组成的8位二进制补码，能表示的最小整数是。
常的叙述中，错误的是。A．内部异常的产生与当前执行指令相关B．内部异常的检测由CPU内部逻辑实现C．内部异常的响应发生在指令执行过程中D．内部异常处理后返回到发生异常的指令继续执行23．处理外部中断时，应该由操作系统保存的是。
A．程序计数器(PC)的内容B．通用寄存器的内容
C．块表(TLB)中的内容D．Cache中的内容
请回答下列问题。
1）图中哪些寄存器是程序员可见的？为何要设置暂存器T？
2）控制信号ALUop和SRop的位数至少各是多少？
3）控制信号SRout所控制部件的名称或作用是什么？
4）端点①～⑨中，哪些端点须连接到控制部件的输出端？
5）为完善单总线数据通路，需要在端点①～⑨中相应的端点之间添加必要的连线。写出连线的起点和终点，以正确表示数据的流动方向。
A．2B．3C．4D．56．求下面带权图的最小（代价）生成树时，可能是克鲁斯卡（Kruskal）算法第2次选中但不是普
里姆（Prim）算法（从V4开始）第2次选中的边是。
A．(V1,V3)B．(V1,V4)C．(V2,V3)D．(V3,V4)
7．下列选项中，不能构成折半查找中关键字比较序列的是。A．500,200,450,180B．500,450,200,180
27．系统为某进程分配了4个页框，该进程已访问的页号序列为2,0,2,9,3,4,2,8,2,4,8,4,5。若进程要访问的下一页的页号为7，依据LRU算法，应淘汰页的页号是。
A．2B．3C．4D．828．在系统内存中设置磁盘缓冲区的主要目的是。
A．减少磁盘I/O次数B．减少平均寻道时间
C．提高磁盘数据可靠性D．实现设备无关性29．在文件的索引节点中存放直接索引指针10个，一级和二级索引指针各1个。磁盘块大小为1KB，
C．180,500,200,450D．180,200,500,450
8．已知字符串S为“abaabaabacacaabaabcc”，模式串t为“abaabc”。采用KMP算法进行匹配，第一次出现“失配”(s[i]≠t[j])时，i=j=5，则下次开始匹配时，i和j的值分别是。
A．i=1,j=0B．i=5,j=0C．i=5,j=2D．i=6,j=29．下列排序算法中，元素的移动次数与关键字的初始排列次序无关的是。A．直接插入排序B．起泡排序C．基数排序D．快速排序10．已知小根堆为8,15,10,21,34,16,12，删除关键字8之后需重建堆，在此过程中，关键字之间的
则删除结点后的head为：
要求：
1）给出算法的基本设计思想。
2）使用C或C++语言，给出单链表结点的数据类型定义。
3）根据设计思想，采用C或C++语言描述算法，关键之处给出注释。
4）说明你所设计算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度。
42．（8分）已知含有5个顶点的图G如下图所示。
请回答下列问题：
1）写出图G的邻接矩阵A（行、列下标从0开始）。
A．-126B．-125C．-32D．-3
14．下列有关浮点数加减运算的叙述中，正确的是。Ⅰ.对阶操作不会引起阶码上溢或下溢
Ⅱ.右规和尾数舍入都可能引起阶码上溢Ⅲ.左规时可能引起阶码下溢
Ⅳ.尾数溢出时结果不一定溢出
A．仅Ⅱ、ⅢB．仅Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ
C．仅Ⅰ、Ⅲ、ⅣD．Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ
15．假定主存地址为32位，按字节编址，主存和Cache之间采用直接映射方式，主存块大小为4个字，每字32位，采用回写（WriteBack）方式，则能存放4K字数据的Cache的总容量的位数至少是。