12级读写3和大学英语3第一次入场测试题目及参考答案
2011年春季学期大学英语(3)第一次作业及答案
2011年春季学期大学英语（3）第一次作业作业批次：2011年春季学期作业课程：大学英语（3）题型 一 二 合计 已做/题量 35 / 35 3 / 3 38 / 38 得分/分值70 / 7030 / 30100 / 100一、单项选择题 （共35题、总分70分、得分70分）1. He is used to collective life and feels （） when he is left （）. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。
)A 、Aalone...alone B 、Blonely...lonely C 、Clonely...alone D 、D alone...lonely题目信息 难度：4正确答案： C 解题方案：2. Take （） you need and leave me alone. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。
)A 、AhoweverB 、Bwherever C 、Cwhatever D 、D whenever题目信息 难度：4正确答案： C 解题方案：3. Is it true （） they have solved the problem of producti on? (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。
)A 、A whatB 、Bhow C 、Cwhich D 、D that题目信息 难度：4正确答案： D 解题方案：4. Driving downtown to the stadium was easy. We arrived there quickly because there was （） traffic. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。
)A 、A afew B 、B alittle C 、Cfew D 、D little题目信息 难度：4正确答案： D 解题方案：5. His father died when he was young, （）, he had to find a job to support himself. (本题分数：2 分，本题得分：2 分。
2012年12月浙江省大学英语三级试卷及答案
浙江省大学英语三级考试试题册A 卷2011. 1 2注意事项1．将学校、姓名和准考证号用铅笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡和答题卡2(Answer Sheet 2)的方格内。
2．将学校代号、准考证号用铅笔划在答题卡上。
3．将试卷代号A卷或B卷划在答题卡上试卷代号一栏的相应字母上：A卷划在A字上：B卷划在B字上。
4．多项选择题只能选一个答案，答案一律用铅笔划在答题卡上，写在试题册上无效。
5．如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再在新选定的字母上划线。
6．复合式听写、简短问题（或中译英）答案和作文请用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题卡2 (Answer Sheet 2)上。
7．请在120分钟内答完全部试题，不得拖延时间。
8．教师将答题卡、答题卡2 (Answer Sheet 2)和试题册收回后方可离开考场。
Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks, 30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1.A) The man can sleep in the office. B) The man can do his work in the office.C) She can work without air conditioner. D) She will have the air conditioner repaired.2. A) He doesn't like French films. B He doesn't like going s opping.C)He doesn't like going to town. D) He doesn't like going to France by air.3. A) In a shop. B) In a restaurant.C) At a market. D) In a bookstore.4. A) Their phone does not work well. B)Their neighbors' windows are open.C) Their phone may not have rung. D) Their neighbors' phones often ring.5. A) He quit teaching in June. B) He opened a restaurant near the school.C) He has left the army recently. D) He has taken over his brother's business.6. A) It is bigger. B) It has a larger garden.C) It is prettier. D) It has a prettier garden.7. A) The man thinks the zoo is far away.B) The man will take a bus to go to the zoo.C) The woman does not like animals in the zoo.D) The woman does not know the way to the zoo.8. A) At 8: 00. B) At 8: 25.C) At 8: 35. D) At 8: 45.9. A) The man is quite positive. B) The questions were easy to answer.C) The man is very disappointed. D) The questions were strange and crazy.10. A) It is too expensive. B) He doesn't like it.C) He will see it again. D) It is difficult to understand. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the'end of each passage, you will hear somequestions. The passage will be read twice and thequestions will be spoken only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer.Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line throughthe centre. Questions: 11-13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) Blue. B) Gray. C) Red. D) Colorless12.A) Because airplanes need air to lift them.B) Because airplane engines need air to work.C) Because the pilots can't breathe without air.D) Because the pilots need air to see things far ahead13. A) The sky is space. B) High in the sky the air is thin.C) There is nothing in the sky. D) The sky is all around the world.Questions: 14-16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) At the end of November. B) In the middle of December.C) In the middle ofNovember. D) At the beginning of December15. A) Churches. B) The government.C) Store owners. D) Common families.16. A) Go to work. B) Go traveling.C) Play games. D) Help each other.Questions:17-20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) There are many small businesses B) There are restaurants of different kinds.C) There are many job opportunities. D) There are people from all over the world.18. A) Many people there come from Africa.B) There are not many international restaurants.C) People there especially like foods of Far East.D) People there can enjoy foods of different nations19. A) They are usually small businesses.B) Many Americans like the food there.C) They can be found only in big cities.D The dishes there have a strange flavor.20. A) People like foods oftheir native lands.B) Large cities offer intemational sample of foods.C) Even small cities offer various international foods.D) People eat foods ofother nations to understand their culture.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listencarefully for its general idea. When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanksnumbered from 21 t0 27 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 28 t0 30 you are required to fillin the missing information. For these blanks, you can eitheruse the exact words you have just heard or write down the mainpoints in your own words. Finally, when the passage is readfor the third time, you should check what you have writtten. 洼意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2023年12月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)
2023年12月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全) 一、听力理解第一套第一节(共5小题)1. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Turn the television off.B. Turn the volume down.C. Turn the radio on.Answer: B2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the post office.B. At the bank.C. At the hotel.Answer: C3. What does the man imply about the woman?A. She hasn’t been to New York City.B. She needs to find a new job.C. She travels a lot for work.Answer: A4. How long has the man been waiting?A. For an hour.B. For half an hour.C. For ten minutes.Answer: B5. What is the woman doing?A. She is looking for her keys.B. She is waiting for someone to arrive.C. She is talking on the phone.Answer: C第二节(共5小题)6. What is the woman asking the man to do?A. Fix her computer.B. Help her find a job.C. Visit her tomorrow.Answer: A7. What does the man offer to do next?A. Take the woman to the restaurant.B. Prepare dinner for the woman.C. Look for a restaurant on the Internet.Answer: C8. What does the man say abo ut the woman’s computer?A. It can’t be fixed.B. It needs a software update.C. It needs a new battery.Answer: B9. What does the woman suggest doing after dinner?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie at home.C. Go to a movie theater.Answer: B10. How do es the woman feel about the man’s suggestion?A. Excited.B. Indifferent.C. Annoyed.Answer: A二、阅读理解第一套An important part of a child’s development is the acquisition of social skills. Social skills help children to interact effectively with others and build healthy relationships. These skills are vital for success in school, work, and life in general.One of the best ways to help children develop social skills is through play. Play allows children to practice andmaster social, emotional, and cognitive skills in a relaxed and enjoyableenvironment. Through play, children learn valuable skills such as cooperation, sharing, problem-solving, and communication.There are different types of play that help in the development of social skills. Cooperative play is when children play and work together towards a common goal. This type of play helps children to learn teamwork and collaboration. Pretend play, on the other hand, allows children to develop empathy and understanding of others’ perspectives. They learn to take on different roles and pretend to be someone else, which helps in developing their social and emotional intelligence. Board games and group activities also promote social interaction and help children learn important skills such as taking turns, following rules, and resolving conflicts in a fair manner.Parents and educators play a crucial role in promoting social skills development. They can create opportunities for play and provide guidance and support. It is important for parents to encourage their children to engage in various types of play and provide them with age-appropriate toys and games. Educators can incorporate play-based learning activities in the classroom to foster social skills development.In conclusion, play is a valuable tool for social skills development. It allows children to practice and master important skills while having fun. Parents and educators should recognize the importance of play and provide opportunities and support for children to engage in different types of play.第二套The concept of time management is essential in today’s fast-paced world. Effective time management helps individuals to prioritize tasks, handle multiple responsibilities, and increase productivity. It allows individuals to make the most out of their time and achieve their goals efficiently.Here are some tips for effective time management:1.Set goals: Identify your long-term and short-termgoals. Break them down into smaller, manageable tasks.This will help you stay focused and motivated.2.Prioritize tasks: Determine which tasks are mostimportant and urgent. Focus on completing these tasks first.3.Create a schedule: Use a planner or online calendarto schedule your tasks and activities. Set deadlines for each task to stay organized and keep track of your progress.4.Avoid multitasking: Multitasking may seem like atime-saving technique, but it can actually decreaseproductivity. Focus on one task at a time and give it yourfull attention.5.Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others.This will free up your time and allow you to focus on more important tasks.6.Take breaks: Schedule regular breaks to rest andrecharge. This will help you maintain focus and preventburnout.7.Avoid procrastination: Procrastination can lead tounnecessary stress and missed deadlines. Break tasks into smaller, manageable parts and tackle them one at a time.8.Learn to say no: Don’t overcommit yourself. Learn tosay no to tasks that are not essential or do not align withyour goals.e technology: Take advantage of technology toolssuch as productivity apps and time tracking apps. Thesecan help you stay organized and manage your time moreeffectively.10.Review and adjust: Regularly review your scheduleand tasks. Adjust as needed to accommodate unexpectedevents or changes in priorities.By implementing these tips, you can improve your time management skills and achieve greater success in your personal and professional life.第三套The importance of physical exercise cannot be overstated. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits and plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Physical exercise helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system, improve lung function, and increase muscle strength and endurance. It also promotes weight loss and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, andcertain types of cancer. It can also improve mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.In addition to the physical benefits, exercise is also important for cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular exercise improves memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. It can also enhance creativity and productivity.Exercise is not only beneficial for adults but also for children and adolescents. Regular physical activity in childhood and adolescence helps to develop healthy bones, muscles, and joints. It improves coordination and balance, and reduces the risk of childhood obesity. It also has a positive impact on academic performance, including improved concentration and focus.There are many different forms of exercise that individuals can choose from, including aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility exercises, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). It is important to find a form of exercise that you enjoy and can incorporate into your daily routine.In conclusion, regular physical exercise is essential for overall health and well-being. It has numerous physical and mental health benefits and should be a priority for individuals of all ages. Make exercise a part of your daily routine and reap the rewards of a healthy and active lifestyle.三、写作题目及答案第一套写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:。
大学英语三级[B卷]：2021年12月考试真题与答案解析
![大学英语三级[B卷]：2021年12月考试真题与答案解析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e792420ebc64783e0912a21614791711cc797906.png)
大学英语三级[B卷]：2021年12月考试真题与答案解析一、Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection AA.The brand image. √B.The marketing strategy.C.The sales plan.D.The company culture.解析：[听力原文]W: George, do you have any idea to improve our brand image?M: Oh, I"ve just talked about the brand image with Susan.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?A.Telephone bills.B.Online shopping.C.Telephone banking. √D.Credit cards.解析：[听力原文]M: Hello, Customer Service. How can I help you?W: Yes, I"d like some information on Your telephone banking service.Q: What is the woman asking about?[解析] 细节题问题问的是女士咨询的问题。
根据对话内容可知，女士询问的是“telephone banking service”，故选C。
A.On the third floor.B.On the fifth floor. √C.On the sixth floor.D.On the eighth floor.解析：[听力原文]M: Excuse me, How can I get to the manager"s office?W: Take the lift to the fifth floor. It"s the third office on the left.Q: Where is the manager"s office?[解析] 地点题问题问的是经理办公室的位置。
大学英语3试题及答案
大学英语3试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分，每题2分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a job.B. Go to a concert.C. Visit her parents.2. Why does the man refuse to go to the party?A. He has to work late.B. He doesn't like parties.C. He has another appointment.3. What is the weather like today?A. Sunny.B. Rainy.C. Cloudy.4. How much does the man spend on the book?A. $15.B. $20.C. $25.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A movie.B. A book.C. A restaurant.二、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Passage OneThe internet has changed the way we live, work, and communicate. It has made information more accessible and has connected people from all over the world. With the rise of social media, it has become easier to share our thoughts, ideas, and experiences with others. However, the internet also has its downsides. It can be a source of misinformation and can lead to privacy concerns. Despite these challenges, the internet continues to be an essential part of our daily lives.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The internet is a double-edged sword.B. The internet has only positive effects.C. The internet is a source of misinformation.D. The internet has made communication difficult.7. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the internet mentioned in the passage?A. Easier access to information.B. Connection with people worldwide.C. Increased privacy concerns.D. Sharing of thoughts and ideas.Passage TwoIn recent years, there has been a growing interest in environmental protection. Many people are becoming more aware of the importance of preserving our natural resources. This has led to the development of various eco-friendly products and practices. For example, reusable shopping bags have become popular as an alternative to single-use plastic bags. Additionally, many companies are now focusing on reducing their carbon footprint by implementing sustainable practices in their operations. The shift towards a more environmentally conscious society is a positive step towards ensuring a healthy planet for future generations.8. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the importance of environmental protection.B. To promote the use of eco-friendly products.C. To describe the negative effects of pollution.D. To encourage companies to reduce their carbon footprint.9. Which of the following is an example of an eco-friendly practice mentioned in the passage?A. Using single-use plastic bags.B. Implementing sustainable practices in operations.C. Ignoring the importance of natural resources.D. Focusing on short-term profits over the environment.三、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）从每题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2012年12月大学英语三级(A级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年12月大学英语三级（A级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary and Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation from English to Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. The dialogues and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices A , B, C, and D.听力原文：W: Good morning, United Airlines. What can I do for you? M: I’d like to hook a flight ticket to Beijing next week. Q: What does the man want to do?1．A．Go to America.B．Leave Beijing.C．Book a ticket.D．Buy some gifts.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。
2016年12月大学英语三级(B级)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年12月大学英语三级（B级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary & Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation-English into Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 4 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 7 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decid听力原文：Q: Can I speak to your department manager?1．A．Sorry, he’s not in.B．Here you are.C．Try again, please.D．Thank you.正确答案：A解析：本题考查对提出请求的一般疑问句的回答。
回答分为肯定和否定两种情况：肯定回答一般用Certainly／Yes，of course／No problem等；否定回答一般先说Sorry，然后补充说明拒绝别人请求的原因。
A)“对不起，他不在”，首先表示歉意，然后解释拒绝的原因，是否定回答的一种，因此确定为本题的答案。
2021年12月英语三级考试真题答案
2021年12月英语三级考试真题答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Sister's TEM-8 English ExamMy big sister Sophie took a really important English test last December called the TEM-8. It's a huge exam for college students in China to prove how good their English skills are. Sophie studied super hard for months to get ready!The first section was listening comprehension. Sophie said there were conversations between people as well as lectures and news reports to listen to. She had to answer multiple choice questions about the main ideas and details.Sophie's pretty good at listening, but she said one part was really tough. There was a long academic lecture about black holes from a physics professor. She struggled to understand all the scientific vocabulary and theories being discussed. Thank goodness she prepared by practicing listening to lots of lectures online!The next part was reading comprehension with different passages to read and questions to answer. One passage was about the history of the Renaissance art movement. Some questions asked about the main purposes and achievements described. Others wanted specific details and facts from the text.Sophie told me the most challenging reading was probably an argument essay about government censorship of the internet. The vocabulary was advanced and the writer's stance was quite nuanced. She had read example essays like that to get ready though.My personal favorite part was the written composition section at the end. For that, test takers had to write a short essay of around 300 words on an assigned topic. Sophie's prompt was: "Some people think social media is primarily a way to waste time, while others believe it helps people connect. What is your perspective?"I helped Sophie practice writing essays at home. We would come up with a clear thesis statement responding to the prompt. Then we'd plan out body paragraphs with supporting evidence and examples. We also worked on good introduction and conclusion techniques.For this social media essay, Sophie's thesis was that social media has become an indispensable tool for both professional and personal connection in the digital age, despite some downsides. She argued it allows people to stay updated on important events, build communities around shared interests, and maintain relationships across distances. But she also acknowledged issues like addiction, misinformation, and negative self-comparison.After the test, Sophie felt she did reasonably well on the whole exam, though some parts were pretty challenging. As an English learner, she knows it's an ongoing process to improve her language skills. Having a good study plan and practicing a variety of materials really paid off.Now we're just eagerly waiting for her TEM-8 results to arrive! She's really hoping to get a high score to qualify for more internship and job opportunities using English in the future. I'll be sure to brag about my talented big sister if she does well. No matter what, I'm proud of how hard she worked!That's my full report on Sophie's big TEM-8 exam last December. Studying English is no joke, but setting a goal and putting in the preparation makes a huge difference. I can't wait until I'm old enough to follow in her footsteps and work towardsbeing bilingual too. Knowing multiple languages opens up so many incredible doors in our interconnected world.篇2The Big English Test in December 2021Hi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. I love learning English and taking tests to see how good I am at it. Last year in December, there was a really big English test called the College English Test Band 3. A lot of university students had to take it. Even though I'm just a kid, I thought it would be fun to look at the test questions and answers too! Let me tell you all about it.The listening part was first. There were some conversations between people talking about things like shopping, travel plans, and school life. I had to listen very carefully and choose the right answer to questions about what they said. Focusing is hard for me sometimes, but I tried my best! One conversation was about two friends deciding where to go for vacation. The right answers were that they chose to go to Beijing and take the high-speed train.Then there were some longer listens like lectures and news reports. One was about the history of Christmas celebrations. Ilearned that Christmas trees originated in Germany and were first decorated with fruits and nuts before ornaments were invented. Cool! Some of those listening questions were kind of tricky but I used strategies like taking notes while listening.Next up was the reading part. We had to read some passages and answer comprehension questions about the main ideas, details, vocabulary words, and making inferences. The first passage was about urban planning and city design. The main point was that cities need to have dedicated spaces for things like housing, businesses, and recreation. That makes sense - a city with just houses or just stores wouldn't work very well!Another reading was about the benefits of practicing mindfulness and meditation. It said mindfulness can reduce stress and improve focus. As someone who gets distracted a lot, I definitely need to try meditation! Other passages covered topics like dealing with failure, the invention of the refrigerator, and characteristics of Generation Z. I felt pretty smart being able to understand such grown-up reading materials.I really enjoyed the written expression section where we had to write a short essay. The prompt was "Online learning is becoming more common. What are the pros and cons of online education versus traditional classroom learning?" That's such aninteresting and relevant topic! I wrote about how online classes allow more flexibility but lack the social interaction of in-person classes. I used examples from my own experience doing virtual lessons during the pandemic.Probably the hardest part for me was the English knowledge section testing grammar, vocabulary, and discourse structure. There were tons of questions identifying errors in sentences, choosing the right vocabulary word for a context, and ordering sentences logically. I'm still learning a lot of that technical grammar stuff. But I kept trying my best and used the strategies like eliminating obviously wrong answers first.Whew, that's a quick overview of the huge College English Test Band 3 from December 2021! Even though I'm just a10-year-old, I could understand a lot of the concepts tested. It seemed like a challenging but fair assessment of university students' all-around English abilities. I feel more prepared already for the big standardized tests I'll have to take when I'm older. If you ask me, learning English is super important and can open up so many opportunities around the world. I'm going to keep working hard and maybe I'll be an English teacher someday to help other students ace exams like this one! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇32021年12月英语三级考试真题答案大家好！我是小明，今天要和大家分享一下2021年12月英语三级考试的真题答案。
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12级读写3和大学英语3第一次入场测试题目及参考答案
12级读写3第一次入场测试
1.approach (to/ for/ towards/ at)都不！！！这个单词作动词时，后面直接跟接近的对象
2. A 像B: A is like B.
3.acquire/ require/ inquire: 获得、要求、询问
4.population: 人口
5.想当然；对……无所谓：take …forgranted
6.分辨A 和B：distinguish A from B; distinguishbetween A and B; draw a distinction
between A and B （把A和B区分开来:distinguishA from B; distinguish between A and B）
7.粘在某处：be glued to a place
8.assess: 动词（评估）
9.作文可用句型（第一段）：as has been universally acknowledged, A is to B what C is to
D;there be bound to be+名词+分词；Where therebe, …there be…
10.同步的：（s ） (simultaneous)
11.vigorously: 精力旺盛地
12.善良的: (a )(affectionate)
13.illicit: 违法的
14.彻底地：(tho….) (thoroughly)
15.attachment: 依附（名词）
16.一年一度的：（a ） (annual)
17.petition: 恳求（名词）
18.春节（S ）（Ｆ）：（Spring Festival）
19.reserve/conserve/ preserve/ deserve: 预定、节约、使……不变质、值得/活该
20.随着：with ( ) ( ):with +名词+分词
21.humble: 卑微的
22.不知道/ 没有注意/一头雾水：(h ) ( )(i ) : have no idea
23.persist in=( ) on=( ) to: persist in = insist on= stick to
24.绞尽脑汁：rack one’s brains about
25.make out: 弄明白
26.庆祝：（c ） (celebrate)
27.对……心存感激：be(a ) of: be appreciative of
petent: 合格的
pete: 竞争（动词）；competition: 竞争（名词）；competitive：竞争的（形容
词）
30.比较（名词）：（c ） (comparison)
31.越来越：(i ) (increasingly)
32.live through: 活出来
33.帮助：（）a ( ) (h ): give a helping hand
34.academy: 学术（名词）
35.而不是：（r ） (t ) :rather than
36.unsustainable: 不可持续的
37.entitle: 给……加上标题（动词）
38.传统的（t ） (traditional)
39.like的词性即意义：三个词性：动词（喜欢）、介词（像……一样）、名词（爱好）
40.choice=(a ) (alternative)
41.在很大程度上：（） a (l ) ( ) : in a large measure
42.approach 作动词和名词的意思和用法：靠近（直接加靠近的对象，及物动词）；方法
（作名词---the approach to sth.）
43.宁愿：（w ） (r ): would rather
44.引导：channel …into
45.severe: 严厉的。