2012年对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析
2012广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课英语翻译基础试题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2012广东外语外贸大学全国硕士研究生入学考试专业课《英语翻译基础》试题(总分150, 做题时间180分钟)Part I. Phrase Translation (30 points, 1 point for each)Section 1Directions: Translate the following phrases into Chinese:1.CPPCCSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:中国人民政治协商会议2.UNESCOSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:联合国教育科学文化组织3.ASEMSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:应用特别电子舱4.China-ASEAN ExpoSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:中国-东盟博览会5.SWOT analysisSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Strength Weakness Opportunity and Threat Analysis6.Global SourcingSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:全球采购7.Information AsymmetrySSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:信息不对称8.Shanghai World ExpoSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:上海世界博览会9.Innocent PresumptionSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:无罪推定10.The Civil Law SystemSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:大陆法系11.The Book of RitesSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:《礼记》12.MenciusSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:孟子13.Consecutive InterpretingSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:接续口译14.The House of CommonsSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:英国下议院15.A Farewell To ArmsSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:《永别了武器》Section 2Directions: Translate the following phrases into English:16.全国人民代表大会SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:National People's Congress17.外交部SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Foreign Diplomatic Department /ministry of foreign affairs18.会展经济SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Exhibition Economy19.注册会计师SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Certified Public Accountant20.次贷危机SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Subprime Crisis21.董事会SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Board of Directors22.中国证监会SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:China's Securities Regulatory Commission23.廉政公署SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Independent Commission against Corruption(ICAC)24.暂行规定SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Temporarily Implemented Regulation/ Interim Provision25.有罪推定SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Guilty Presumption26.佛经翻译SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Translation of Buddhist Scripture27.百年老店SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:Century -old Shop28.论语SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:< The Analects>29.三国演义SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:<Romance of the Three Kingdoms>30.南方都市报SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:<Southern City >Part II. Passage Translation (120 points)31.Translate the following passage into Chinese: (60 points)Population ageing has become a world-wide phenomenon. Moreover, it has not **e to stay but, especially in the developing countries, it will become more felt and acute with the passage of time. Its repercussions are so wide-ranging and manifold that they can only be ignored at a tremendous cost to society.The growing rate of population ageing poses many challenges which have to be faced realistically. A number of decisions have to be taken with the cooperation of every social institution, be it the State, Non-Governmental Organizations, **munity, the family members and last but not least, the older persons themselves. Each has a very important role to play in ensuring a sustainable development for the elderly population.Governments and civil society including organisations of older persons, academia, community-based organisations and the private sector need to help in capacity building on ageing issues. As the Shanghai Implementation Strategy points out, “A life-course andinter-sectoral approach to health and well-being is the best approach to ensure that both current and future generations of older persons remain healthy and active”.The gap between the projected increases of the older population and the consequently required services, combined with the parallel development of the personnel needed to carry out these services, creates a pressing and urgent need to train appropriate staff.Training programmes have to be tailored to the nature of the participants, the work they are doing and the needs entailed. Though the basic issues dealt with might often be the same, the approach differs. It will be important in the not too distant future to explore innovative ways of providing education and training in rural and remote areas and to apply, as much as possible, the new and**munication technologies to facilitate and enhance these programmes. Every member of society should realize that aging is a process. Consequently, older persons are to be seen as equal citizens of any society, sharing the same rights like other citizens. Any form of discrimination is to be eradicated.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 60答案:人口老龄化已经成为一个世界性的现象。
2012年上海对外经贸大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年上海对外经贸大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语(30 points)1. Opening hours【答案】营业时间2. Maiden work【答案】处女作3. AKA【答案】也被称为（Also Known As）4. Earth day【答案】地球日5. fiduciary responsibility【答案】受托责任6. bury-head-into-sand attitude【答案】鸵鸟政策7. unaccompanied baggage 【答案】非随带行李8. state-of-the-art policy 【答案】9. ICAO【答案】国际民用航空组织10. Vice-president【答案】副总统11. ABS【答案】防锁死刹车系统12. Cash market【答案】现货市场13. Clean freight【答案】清洁运输14. minimum free【答案】最小自由15. FAO【答案】联合国粮农组织二、将下列短语译成英语(30 points)1. 一个朝南的房间【答案】a room facing south2. 流行艺术【答案】pop art3. 自有品牌产品【答案】products of the private label/own brand4. 贸易自由化【答案】free trade5. 一个刚来的客人【答案】a new guest6. 加入中国共产党【答案】join the Communist Party of China7. 中国网球公开赛【答案】China Open8. 专职人员【答案】full-time staff9. 提高全民族的环保意识【答案】improve the environmental awareness of the whole nation10. 有号召力，能领导复杂项目【答案】to have the ability to lead complex projects11. 哈佛大学【答案】Harvard University12. 一份工资较低的工作【答案】a job with low pay13. 见证人【答案】witness14. 世界卫生组织【答案】World Health Organization15. 有机增长【答案】Organic Growth三、将下列短文译成汉语(45 points)WHY IS THERE LIFE ON EARTH?Earth is unique in the Solar System as being the only planet which is able to support life in all its forms: from basic living micro-organisms to highly sophisticated and intelligent human beings. There are many reasons why this happens.REASON ONE: ATMOSPHEREEarth has a breathable atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that is required for the life of most creatures. This is present in Earth's atmosphere and also in water. Oxygen is constantly put into the atmosphere by plants and trees. Earth's atmosphere also contains a small amount of carbon dioxide. This is a poisonous gas which makes up most of the atmosphere of planets like Venus and Mars and makes them unable to support human life.REASON TWO: CLIMATEEarth has a suitable climate. This is caused by the moderate amount of carbondioxide in the planet's atmosphere, which is constantly refreshed whenever there is a volcanic eruption. The temperature on Earth does not go from one extreme to the other either. Mercury can be anything from 200°c below freezing to 375°c above. At 375°c, water would only exist as a gas, and the planet would be completely dry.REASON THREE: WATEREarth has water! Water is believed to be the most important chemical necessary for life. It contains the oxygen needed for life. Other liquids contain poisonous elements. Water doesn't burn skin (like liquids containing acids do), it is drinkable, and it allows life-providing molecules to move around easily. Other moons in the Solar System, such as Europe, a moon of Jupiter, are believed to have oceans of water under its icy surface.REASON FOUR: LIGHTAll planets receive light from the Sun, but no planet uses it as usefully as Earth. Trees and plants on the planet produce oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. Plants need the Sun to grow. Look at plants in windows and notice how they usually seem to grow towards the Sun. Try growing a plant in a dark room and in a light room. Notice which one grows quicker. The one which has grown quickest is the one which also produces more oxygen. It is believed that if we were able to get plants to grow on another planet, such as Mars, they would begin putting oxygen into the planet's atmosphere and increase the possibility of life. Saturn's moon, Titan, has an atmosphere containing mainly nitrogen. If this moon was to possess oxygen too in its atmosphere, by a plant photosynthesising on it, it。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士历年考研真题
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。
2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京：清华大学出版社，2001。
3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。
5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。
6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。
8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。
9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。
10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。
12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。
百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题分享与详解
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题分享与详解一、百科知识，解释划线词1.韩素音的著作《伤残的树》描写了一个世纪前，一位比利时女子被瓷器中的中国吸引，远嫁重洋，落户动乱、饥饿的四川。
半个世纪前，她的长着高鼻梁、黑眼睛的混血女儿，历时15年，用手中的笔，书写了一部给外国人看的家族史，这是一部纠结着血缘传承、习俗差异、民族矛盾的复杂家族史，更是一部扎根在自己家族，涉与曾国藩、义和团、袁世凯、基督教、共产党的波澜壮阔的民族断代史。
2.钱钟书先生的笔记中不仅包括了《诗经》、《论语》、《史记》、《全唐诗》、《全宋词》、《红楼梦》等经典，更大量涉与历代文人诗文别集、笔记小说、野史杂谈、尺牍日札。
多种形制、各类语体的读数笔记曾伴随钱钟书走南闯北，历经风雨，充分展现了钱先生的国学水平。
3.一方面，新兴市场国家，如金砖四国，希望注资IMF。
据消息人士称，IMF需要3500亿美元来帮助西班牙和意大利等国渡过债务危机。
但西方国家认为，这次注资不应该通过减少西方国家的投票权(增加新兴市场国家的投票权会降低西方国家的投票权)来损害西方国家的利益。
4.加拿大央行行长卡尼表示，希腊问题十分重要，但鉴于更大国际背景，欧洲问题严重性甚于希腊，G20峰会需要认真解决发达国家经济弱点。
5.参加德班气候大会的中国代表团官员8日表示，随着中国“十二五”期间加强控制温室气体排放，中国有望建立自己的碳排放交易系统(ETS)。
6，还有戛纳，欧元区，新闻界的“走，转，改”具体文段想不起来。
二、应用文写作应用文写作纪念辛亥革命一百周年征稿启事写清标题，正文，落款要求有四条1.征文目的，对象，用途，意义2.征文题材体裁字数3.征文起止日期评奖办法4.邮寄方式联系人地址5.不少于450字三、大作文写作：阅读下面一则故事，写一篇800字以上短文；题目：略谈说话的艺术美国的心理学家和人际关系大师卡耐基每个季度都要在纽约的一家大旅馆租用大礼堂用以讲授社交训练课程。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、Translate the following terms into Chinese.(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.balance sheet（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(资产负债表 )解析：2.international arbitration（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际仲裁 )解析：3.tax agent（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(税务代理 )解析：4.debenture（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(公司债券 )解析：5.gross weight（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(总重量 )解析：6.generalized system of preferences（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(普遍优惠制 )解析：7.fixed cost（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(固定成本 )解析：8.stock listings（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(股票上市 )解析：9.random access（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(随机存取 )解析：10.profit before tax（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(税前利润 )解析：二、Translate the following terms into English.(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.按揭（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(mortgage )解析：12.薄利多销（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(small profits but quick turnover )解析：13.补贴（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(subsidies )解析：14.动产抵押（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(chattel mortgage )解析：15.进口报关单（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The import customs declaration )解析：16.房地产（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Real estate )解析：17.分包合同（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The subcontract )解析：18.股息（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(dividend )解析：19.国民待遇（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(National Treatment )解析：20.市场调查（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(market research )解析：三、Give the full forms of the following abbreviations and translate them into Chinese.(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.AMIS（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Agricultural Management Information System农业管理信息系统 )解析：22.BHD（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Bad Hair Day很不顺利的一天)解析：23.CRRC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(China Banking Regulatory Commission中国银监会 )解析：24.DPOB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(date and place of birth出生日期和地点 )解析：25.FEM（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Finite Element Method有限单元法 )解析：26.MIN（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Minimum最小的，最低限度 )解析：27.MSP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Medical Services Plan医疗保健计划 )解析：28.NNW（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Net National Welfare国民福利指标)解析：29.PAO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Public Affairs Office公共事务办公室 )解析：30.SAC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Securities Association of China中国证券业协会 )解析：四、Translate the following English passage into Chinese.(总题数：1，分数：60.00)31. The concept captured the zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people, especially those in the counterculture, had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality. But by the end of the 1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the latter cause—a cool, rebellious, and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation's plan for world domination and total mind control. Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny. Apple's stock price kept dropping, and by March 2003 even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of $ 75 million worth of shares, which amounted to about $ 8.3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vesting in 2006. The laws governing such backdating practices were murky, especially since no one at Apple ended up benefiting from the dubiously dated grants. The SEC took eight months to do its own investigation, and in April 2007 it announced that it would not bring action against Apple "based in part on its swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission's investigation [and its] prompt self-reporting. " Although the SEC found that Jobs had been aware of the backdating, it cleared him of any misconduct because he "was unaware of the accounting implications." The SEC did file complaints against Apple's former chief financial officer Fred Anderson, who was on the board, and general counsel Nancy Heinen. Anderson, a retired Air Force captain with a square jaw and deep integrity, had been a wise and calming influence at Apple, where he was known for his ability to control Jobs' tantrums. He was cited by the SEC only for "negligence" regarding the paperwork for one set of the grants (not the ones that went to Jobs), and the SEC allowed him to continue to serve on corporate boards.（分数：60.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：( 这个概念抓住了个人电脑革命的时代精神。
[考研类试卷]2012年对外经济贸易大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2012年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、阅读理解0 Even if the US's massive financial rescue operation succeeds, it should be followed by something even more far-reaching—the establishment of a Global Monetary Authority to oversee markets that have become borderless.Washington recognizes that the crisis has become global. Hank Paulson, Treasury secretary, has said that foreign banks operating in the US will be eligible for federal assistance and he is urging other nations to fashion their own bail-out programs. Central banks have also been synchronizing injections of funds into markets. These should be steps to a more comprehensive international response designed not just to extinguish the current fires, but to rebuild and maintain the capital markets for the longer term.The current global institutional apparatus is woefully incapable of overseeing the financial system that is evolving. The International Monetary Fund is irrelevant to this crisis, the Group of Seven leading industrial countries lacks legitimacy in a world where China, Brazil and others are big players, and the Bank for International Settlement has no operational role. The US Federal Reserve is too besieged to act as a global central bank. That vacuum at the centre is dangerous for everyone. The US's dependence on massive inflows of foreign capital, roughly $3bn(2bn, ￡1.6bn)a day, will surely increase now as Uncle Sam acquires $1 , 000bn in new obligations from current bail-outs. For years to come, Wall Street and Washington will be unable to manage without strong co-operation from other markets.Beyond that, the international dimensions of finance are mind-boggling. Global assets have increased from $12, 000bn in 1980 to nearly $200, 000bn in 2007, far outstripping the growth of gross domestic product or the expansion of trade. An increasing amount of this capital now resides in Asia and the Gulf, not the US or Europe. A US company such as AIG sold more of its credit default swaps and insurance policies outside the US than within it. UBS employs 30, 000 Americans, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and owns Paine Webber. The capital markets will evolve in the context in which emerging market economies will be growing twice as fast as the rich nations and will, by mid-century, probably account for almost two-thirds of global GDP.Globalization will now also create a clash of philosophies. Most governments and investors outside the US never shared the American system of cowboy capitalism. Now they have good reason to demand that some fundamental changes be made in the way the US manages its financial institutions. This can happen with a conscious, negotiated modification in the US financial model, or it could result from foreign investors shifting their funds elsewhere.All of these considerations point to the eventual need for a new Global Monetary Authority. It would set the tone for capital markets in a way that would not be viscerally opposed to a strong public oversight function with rules for intervention, and would return to capital formation the goal of economic growth and development rather than trading for its own sake. In terms of US and international politics, a Global Monetary Authority is probably an idea whose time has not yet come. That may change as today's crisis evolves.1 The American government considers their bail-out programs in the US______. （A）an example to follow by other nations in order to save the capital market（B）the first steps to be taken to prevent an international crisis from breaking out （C）necessary measures available to all the banks in both the US and abroad（D）significant in dealing with both the current crisis and the future crisis2 Which of the following is the main idea for Paragraph 3?（A）No financial organization is responsible for this crisis except Wall Street.（B）The US Federal Reserve is too weak to play a role in fighting the crisis.（C）Only the cooperation of the global market can change the current situation. （D）The US needs more help from other countries, but help is not available.3 The world capital markets have been changing in terms of______.（A）speed（B）size（C）geographical focus（D）all the above4 Which of the following will NOT happen due to the clashes between philosophies? （A）No government will share the American financial system.（B）The American government is asked to change their financial system.（C）There will be discussions between the US and other nations.（D）Some nations may choose to invest in places outside the US.5 The future Global Monetary Authority is expected to______, according to the author. （A）oversee the monetary activities of all the countries（B）intervene in the capital formation and trade（C）help improve the international trade（D）promote economic growth and development5 We would all like to think that humankind is getting smarter and wiser and that our past blunders won't be repeated. Bookshelves are filled with such reassuring pronouncements. Encouraging forecasts rest in part on the belief that we can learn the right lessons from the past and cast discredited ideas onto the ash heap of history, where they belong.Those who think that humanity is making steady if fitful progress might point to the gradual spread of more representative forms of government, the largely successful campaign to eradicate slavery, the dramatic improvements in public health over the past two centuries, the broad consensus that market systems outperform centrally planned economies, or the growing recognition that action must be taken to address humanity's impact on the environment. An optimist might also point to the gradual decline in global violence since the Cold War. In each case, one can plausibly argue that human welfare improved as new knowledge challenged and eventually overthrew popular dogmas, including cherished but wrongheaded ideas, from aristocracy to mercantilism that had been around for centuries.Yet this sadly turns out to be no universal law; There is no inexorable evolutionary march that replaces our bad, old ideas with smart, new ones. If anything, the story of the last few decades of international relations can just as easily be read as the maddeningpersistence of dubious thinking. Misguided notions are frustratingly resilient, hard to stamp out, no matter how much trouble they have caused in the past and no matter how many scholarly studies have undermined their basic claims.Consider, for example, the infamous " domino theory, " kicking around in one form or another since President Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1954 "falling dominoes" speech. During the Vietnam War, plenty of serious people argued that a U. S. withdrawal from Vietnam would undermine America's credibility around the world and trigger a wave of pro-Soviet realignments. No significant dominoes fell after US troops withdrew in 1975, however, and it was the Berlin Wall that eventually toppled instead. Various scholars examined the domino theory in detail and found little historical or contemporary evidence to support it. Although the domino theory seemed to have been dealt a fatal blow in the wake of the Vietnam War, it has re-emerged, phoenix-like, in the current debate over Afghanistan. We are once again being told that if the United States withdraws from Afghanistan before achieving a clear victory, its credibility will be called into question, al Qaeda and Iran will be emboldened, Pakistan could be imperiled, and NATO's unity and resolve might be fatally compromised. Back in 2008, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice called Afghanistan an " important test of the credibility of NATO, " and President Barack Obama made the same claim in late 2009 when he announced his decision to send 30, 000 more troops there. Obama also justified his decision by claiming that a Taliban victory in Afghanistan would spread instability to Pakistan. Despite a dearth of evidence to support these alarmist predictions, it's almost impossible to quash the fear that a single change in their strategy will unleash a cascade of falling dominoes.There are other cases in which the lessons of the past—sadly unlearned—should have been even more obvious because they came in the form of truly devastating catastrophes. Germany's defeat in World War I, for example, should seemingly have seared into Germans' collective consciousness the lesson that trying to establish hegemony in Europe was almost certain to lead to disaster. Yet a mere 20 years later, Adolf Hitler led Germany into another world war to achieve that goal, only to suffer an even more devastating defeat.Why is it so hard for states to learn from history and, especially, from their own mistakes? And when they do learn, why are some of those lessons so easily forgotten? Moreover, why do discredited ideas come back into fashion when there is no good reason to resurrect them? Clearly, learning the right lessons—and remembering them over time—is a lot harder than it seems. But why?6 The author would agree to the following statement EXCEPT______.（A）it is true that books can serve as testimony to many wrong ideas（B）people learn lessons from the past and abandon their mistaken notions for good（C）it is believed that people become wiser so that mistakes are not repeated（D）the optimistic forecast about humanity is grounded partly on its steady progress 7 Looking back on history there is enough evidence for the following EXCEPT ______. （A）there has been a revival of domino theory even after heavy blows（B）aristocracy and mercantilism are wrong notions in our tradition（C）an improved human welfare only seems to be true（D）the Germans did not stop trying to establish hegemony in Europe8 The US government claims the withdrawal from Afghanistan will not benefit America and______.（A）al Qaeda and Iran（B）NATO（C）Pakistan（D）both B and C9 The word "discredited" is used twice in the passage. It means______.（A）incorrect（B）shameful（C）reputable（D）rejected10 The author uses______to illustrate his opinion.（A）examples（B）comparison（C）quotations（D）statistics二、选词填空10 Choose the correct headings for each of the following paragraphs marked with B to F. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points).List of Headingsi. Can unhappy consumers vote "No"?ii. Affluence does not free us from worries.iii. One dropout, one vote—formula for disaster.iV. A large population does not fit in this hi-tech era.V. What are the long term consequences?Vi. The consumer activists intervene as the Third-Party.Vii. Where does the motivation come from?Viii. What is the price we pay?iX. A horde of economic parasites poses the big problem.Example AnswerParagraph A iiA In America today people work fewer hours, have more security and real wealth than ever before, and yet we are an unhappy people involved in much social dissent. We are frustrated over poverty, equal rights, changing social mores, campus revolt, pollution, and our environment. The things we worry about today were, of course, problems years ago, but we were too busy, too insecure, too poor to do much about them. Perhaps we should be thankful for the affluence that has made it possible for us to move these "old problems" upward on our scale of priorities. At the same time we should recognize that while affluence provides the means it does not necessarily provide the wisdom for instantly coping with the complex social problems now concerning us.B Until quite recently, we have been so busy growing in an industrial sense, and we have enjoyed the fruits of our labor so much, that we have had little time or resources to devote to those broad social problems created by our rapidly advancing technology. No small part of this technological advance has been in agriculture. Those persons left in agriculture today are the economic survivors of the greatest mass migration in the historyof man. Had there been no out-migration from agriculture over the past 35 years, our present farm population would be 65 million rather than 10 million. This sudden displacement includes many who have neither the capacity nor yen to learn and master a new profession—many who find it disagreeable to work by the clock and calendar. Many of these are the technological dropouts who are in trouble—who are both a burden and responsibility of our modern society—who are a source of discontent in this time of affluence.C Numbered among the dropouts and other technological misfits are many of our youth who, supported by affluent parents, have not had to worry much about becoming productive citizens. Suddenly we are aware of a large and growing group living on the leavings of a highly productive society. Earlier societies have had their leisure classes but never before in history has so large a proportion of a society been free of the worries of seeking the bare essentials of food, shelter, and clothing. The perplexing problem facing us is how to absorb these technological dropouts and make them productive.D This growing horde of economic parasites takes on a very serious meaning in a one-member, one-vote democratic society. Still in the minority, their presence is largely manifested in social meddling—in contemplation about the welfare of their fellow man. One such movement we vaguely call consumerism, in which activists champion issues which appear to be beneficial to consumers. The term implies protection of the consumer, but the flood of proposals for ways and means of protecting the consumer are not generally traceable to those seeking protection for themselves. To the contrary, the specific issues of consumerism are initiated by those who, for assorted reasons, seek to protect others from harm.E The consumer activists obviously range from selfish to unselfish, from dishonest to honest, from thoughtless to well informed. Whatever their motives, they contend that consumers should be protected from physical and economic harm, that consumers should be informed and educated in product knowledge, that consumers should have a choice in the market place, and finally that consumers should have proper legal redress for wrongs. Such virtuous aims seem undebatable until one realizes that under consumerism they are subject to third-party interpretation which may or may not be in the consumer interest. The third-party values can always be made to appear rational, and are often vigorously supported by the general public. As a result, innumerable laws and regulations are rapidly displacing the free decision of the individual in the market place, and the right of the consumer to choose increasingly becomes a mockery.F Risk is inherent in every consumer purchase. The efforts of man to eliminate risk in the market place are pointless because the reduction of one kind of risk must always be accompanied by a compensating increase in another kind of risk. The cost of protection is deprivation. We can, if we desire, achieve a high degree of auto safety by reducing speed; but society rejects the sacrifice and instead, with the safety belt, accepts a lower safety level requiring less sacrifice.11 Paragraph B______12 Paragraph C______13 Paragraph D______14 Paragraph E______15 Paragraph F______15 Ever since Milton Friedman's address to the American Economic Association in 1968 and the ensuing theoretical work by Robert Lucas and others in the 1970s, the rising long-term inflation expectations have inexorably led to higher inflation. 【K1】______This summer the European Central Bank followed through with a rate hike. In the US, the Federal Reserve is nervously eyeing the latest jumps in producer and consumer prices. Evidence of long-term inflation expectations can be gleaned from breakeven inflation rates on index-linked bonds.Surveys of consumers suggest their expectations for inflation have risen as well. For example, the University of Michigan asks Americans where they think inflation will be over the next 5-10 years. Two years ago they said it would be 2. 9 per cent. Earlier this summer the tally spiked to a more worrisome 3. 4 per cent. Soaring prices for energy and food are mostly to blame. However, as Friedman pointed out, inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. The central question is not about inflation expectations. Nor is it about commodity prices, however quickly they may be rising.【K2】______That is where the story gets more complicated. Are monetary conditions easy? Is there spare capacity?In the US, slack is appearing in the economy, as seen in rising unemployment, now up to 5. 7 per cent. Negative real interest rates suggest monetary conditions are easy. But the Fed's own surveys suggest that bankers are less willing to lend; consumers less willing to borrow. Low real interest rates are a manifestation of economic and financial malaise, not excessive monetary accommodation. 【K3】______.So, what are we to make of higher inflation expectations in the US and western Europe? Investors and households seem to believe energy and food prices will continue to rise.But will other prices and wages automatically follow suit? 【K4】______Perhaps that is why consumer confidence has plummeted on both sides of the Atlantic. In short, households may say they expect higher inflation, but there is little they can do about it. The reality is they are experiencing falling real incomes and pinched balance sheets. That is hardly the stuff of overheating.The Friedman-Lucas emphasis on inflation expectations was a model suited to different times. Central bankers no longer try to ramp growth by springing inflation surprises on unwitting workers. Unionization has declined, automatic cost-of-living adjustments are rare, globalization has reduced pricing power for most companies and bargaining power for most workers. Today, advanced economies are confronted with stagnating growth, collapsing housing markets, slowing world trade, stressed financial systems, and weak household balance sheets. This is not the 1970s. 【K5】______We should therefore be skeptical of the case for tighter monetary policies based on models developed in, and better suited for, a bygone era.Choose the following sentences marked A to E to complete the above article. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.A. Altogether, the case for accelerating US inflation looks weak in the face of below-trend growth and stuttering credit conditionsB. Broad-based price and wage inflation is unlikely todayC. And so, dutifully, central bankers in the US, UK, euro-zone and even in some emerging economies have spoken reproachfully in recent months about signs that inflation expectations are moving upD. Rather, inflation is determined by the interplay between monetary conditions and capacity in the economy to grow without pushing most prices higherE. Stagnating growth and tighter credit conditions suggest the opposite16 【K1】17 【K2】18 【K3】19 【K4】20 【K5】三、选择题21 There is a ______ difference in treatment of creditors in Europe—Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands and Scandinavian countries are the friendliest, while Italy and Spain the worst.（A）crude（B）harsh（C）brisk（D）stark22 We've got all the different companies working together and we have proved it works and is commercially______.（A）viable（B）practical（C）potential（D）feasible23 A history curriculum is often a ______ sign of how a nation and its elites see themselves: as victims of colonialism or practitioners of imperial power.（A）marking（B）saying（C）telling（D）imposing24 The idea of traveling forward into the future or back into the past has always fascinated science fiction writers. The ' grandfather______' is the argument many people use to suggest that time travel is impossible.（A）paradox（B）paradigm（C）paranoia（D）paraphia25 The weather was now so severe, and the hardships of traveling so great, that he resolved to halt for the winter, at the first______place.（A）reasonable（B）approximate（C）mandatory（D）eligible26 In 18th century, sending kidnapped African people to certain death was not considered a crime because they were "goods" , to do with as the owner______.（A）felt free（B）saw fit（C）took pick（D）set forth27 Women on the whole will want to marry men who are either ______ themselves, or their superior, in socio-economic and intellectual attainment.（A）on a par with（B）up to par with（C）par for（D）par at28 Rather than______money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（A）having got（B）get（C）getting（D）to get29 We put a lot of hard work into local initiatives, and that's really starting to______now. （A）pay off（B）pay out（C）pay up（D）pay back30 Online copyrights come at the top because of the powerful lobbying of music companies, ______ faced with a rapidly eroding business model than as victims of crime. （A）having better described as firms（B）which are described to be firms（C）which are better described as firms（D）described as firms to be better31 The vet told me he was fine. Because I had given him what he needed: milk and a warm blanket.（A）fragment（B）run on（C）correct（D）choppy32 Who could remember back that far back anyway except maybe Einstein or some memory genius but not a poor teacher?（A）fragment（B）run on（C）comma splice（D）correct33 The second part of the book, and the best part in my opinion, takes up the period of Revolution.（A）fragment（B）run on（C）comma splice（D）correct34 The spring will continue to bounce. It will bounce at its natural frequency. It will do this until all of the energy is used up. This is energy that was originally put into it. （A）comma splice（B）run on（C）choppy（D）correct35 Wind is an enduring source of power. Water is also an unlimited energy source. Dams produce hydraulic power. They have existed for a long time. Windmills are relatively new.（A）run on（B）choppy（C）correct（D）fragment36 She took dance classes, but she had no natural grace or sense of rhythm, so she eventually gave up the idea of becoming a dancer.（A）correct（B）run on（C）fragment（D）choppy37 Henry Ford wanted to use the profits to expand the company's factories this was an unusual idea at the time.（A）comma splice（B）fragment（C）run on（D）correct38 We can all name slang expressions that have gone out of date, for instance, "right on" and "groovy" were popular in our parents' generation.（A）comma splice（B）correct（C）choppy（D）run on39 Since I had difficulty understanding the doctor's language, but the nurse made my condition much clearer to understand.（A）run on（B）choppy（C）correct（D）fragment40 At the back of the classroom, Nina sat with her arms crossed, glaring at her teacher, Mr. Beane, her body language indicated that English was her least favorite subject. （A）fragment（B）run on（C）comma splice（D）correct41 Identify the Rhetorical Devices(20%)Each of the following sentences contains a rhetorical device. Identify this device and write the letter of your choice on your ANSWER SHEET.Example:My love is as a fever, longing stillFor that which longer nurseth the disease, (Shakespeare, Sonnet 147)A. simileB. metaphorC. assonanceD. oxymoronYou write; AHitting that telephone pole certainly didn't do your car any good.（A）personification（B）climax（C）litotes（D）simile42 They remained constantly attentive to their goal, as a sunflower always turns and stays focused on the sun.（A）metaphor（B）simile（C）alliteration（D）metonymy43 Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose.（A）antithesis（B）euphony（C）paradox（D）metaphor44 A husband in hand is worth two in the bush.（A）parody（B）metonymy（C）hyperbole（D）apostrophe45 A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes. （A）understatement（B）personification（C）cacophony（D）zeugma46 The most effective water power in the world—women's tears.（A）epithet（B）assonance（C）hyperbole（D）contrast47 I have always sought but seldom obtained a parking space near the door.（A）aporia（B）simile（C）oxymoron（D）parallelism48 At length I heard a ragged noise and mirth of thieves and murderers.（A）assonance（B）transferred epithet（C）metanoia（D）Scesis Onomaton49 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.（A）litotes（B）apophasis（C）contrast（D）irony50 A notorious annual feast, the picnic was well attended.（A）epithet（B）analogy（C）paradox（D）appositive四、英译汉51 Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Most textiles and apparel, cheese, chocolate, and a few other products are subject to U.S. import quotas. They serve to protect domestic industry by limiting the supply and therefore raising the prices of foreign products to U.S. consumers, and by allocating production among supplying countries. For example, a quota on Swiss cheese and so permits other countries to take part of the market.Foreign governments need systems for deciding which of their companies will be able to use their quotas in the U. S. Market, and, of course, they want to get the highest possible value of exports from the allowable quantities. They use different systems to allocate quotas, including auctioning them in blocks. Holders of quotas are often allowed to sell them to other suppliers, who hope to get higher prices from their U. S. Buyers.Customs and Border Protection helps many countries entrance their quota arrangements by requiring that import shipments of quota goods be accompanied by visas issued by the designated authorities in the exporting countries. This means that if your shipment of canned tuna from Thailand reaches U. S. Customs and there is no visa among the documents, it probably cannot be entered. You can apply to the Thai consulate for a visa, but it will not be granted unless the responsible agency in Bangkok gives its approval. If you get tangled up in the Electronic Certification System(eCERT)and the Electronic Visa Information System(ELVIS), you will probably wish it were the Elvis from Graceland, not Customs.Classification specialists in district Customs offices should know the details of quotas on the items they handle, but even they cannot always tell you the annual quota on a specific item from a specific country or how much of the year's quota is still unfilled. They can, however, translate the HS number of your product into a " Quota Category Number" and tell you where to look to find the quota level and its current status of fulfillment.五、写作52 Write an English composition of about 250 - 300 words, illustrating how new media are changing our life with one or two examples. Your writing will be assessed for language, format, structure, content and length. Write it on your ANSWER SHEET.My Personal Views on New Media。
对外经贸大学2012MTI真题
对外经贸大学MTI真题翻译基础AMIS BHD CBRC DPOB FEM MTN MSP NNW PAO SACDebenture ；Balance sheet ；Tax agent ；International arbitration ；Gross weight ；Generalized system of preference ；Fixed cost；Stock listing ；Random access ；Profit before tax按揭薄利多销补贴动产抵押进口报关表房地产分包合同股息国民待遇市场调查AMIS 声讯交互规范(Audio Message Interactive Specification) ？；BHD 黑鹰坠落(Black Hawk Down)？？；CBRC中国银监会；DPOB（date and place of birth）出生时间和地点； FEM有限元法(The Finite Element Method) ？；MTN多边贸易谈判；MSP (Managing Successful Programme)成功的项目群管理；NNW国民福利指标（Net National Welfare ）；PAO Periodicals Archive Online (典藏学术期刊全文数据库) ？？汗；SAC中国证券业协会（THE SECURITIES ASSOCIATION OF CHINA）debenture 债券balance sheet 资产负债表tax agent 税务代理人international arbitration 国际仲裁gross weight 毛重或总重generalized system of preference 普惠制fixed cost固定成本stock listings股票上市random access随机存取profit before tax 税前利润按揭Mortgage ；薄利多销SPQR small profits, quick returns ；补贴subsidy；动产抵押（Chattel Mortgage）；进口报关单declaration for importation ；房地产（Real Estate）；分包合同subcontract；股息dividend；国民待遇national treatment；市场调查market research;英译汉：内容是苹果公司与乔布斯的，其中一个中心词backdating百思不得其解。
2012年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2012年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.It was with great effort that the_______between the two families was finally arranged. （分数：2.00）A.restorationB.revelationC.retaliationD.reconciliation √解析：解析：句意：通过极大的努力，两家人最终达成和解。
reconciliation和解；调和。
restoration 恢复；复位。
revelaltion启示；揭露。
retaliation报复；反击。
2.The police caught the thief on the street and______him into their van.（分数：2.00）A.probedB.hustled √C.copedD.smoldered解析：解析：句意：警察当街抓住小偷并把他推进警车里。
hustle猛推；催促。
probe探测；调查。
cope 处理，对付；竞争。
smolder阴燃，闷烧；郁积。
3.I"ve just received an______note telling me that the goods have been dispatched.（分数：2.00）A.invoiceB.enquiryC.order √D.advisory解析：解析：句意：我刚刚收到一封购货确认书，得知货物已经发送。
order note是固定短语，意思是“购货确认书”。
invoice发货单；发票。
enquiry询问；询盘。
advisory报告，公告。
4.He is a funny-looking man with ______cheerful face and always encourages ______free-thinking in______young.（分数：2.00）A.a, the, /B.a, /, aC.the, the, theD.a, /, the √解析：解析：句意：他长相滑稽，讨人喜欢，并且总是鼓励年轻人思想要活跃。
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对外经济贸易大学2012年翻译硕士MTI真题I.Phrase TranslationBalance sheet:资产负债表International arbitration:国际仲裁Tax agent:税务代理人Debenture:公司债券Gross weight:毛重，总重量Generalized system of preference:普通优惠制Fixed cost:固定成本Stock listing:股票上市Random access:随机存取Profit before tax:税前利润按揭：Mortgage薄利多销：small profits but quick returns补贴：subsidy动产抵押：Chattel Mortgage进口报关单：declaration for importation房地产：Real Estate分包合同：subcontract股息：dividend国民待遇：national treatment市场调查：market researchAMIS：自适应多媒体信息系统（Adaptive Multimedia Information System）/农业管理信息系统(Agricultural Management Information System)BHD：黑鹰坠落(Black Hawk Down)/舱壁CBRC：中国银监会(China Banking Regulatory Commission)DPOB:出生时间和地点(date and place of birth)FEM:有限元法(finite element method)MTN:中期票据(medium-term notes)MSP:管理服务提供商(Management Service Provider)NNW:国民福利指标（Net National Welfare）PAO:典藏学术期刊全文资料库（Periodicals Archive Online）SAC:中国证券业协会（securities association of China）/中国国家标准化管理委员会(Standardization Administration of China)II.Passage translationSection A English to ChineseThe concept captured the zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people,especially those in the counterculture,had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality.But by the end of the1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the latter cause—a cool, rebellious,and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation’s plan for world domination and total mind control.Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny.Apple’s stock price kept dropping,and by March2003even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of$75million worth of shares,which amounted to about$8.3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in1997through the end of the vesting in2006.None of this would have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not run a powerful series in2006about backdated stock options.Apple wasn’t mentioned,but its board appointed a committee of three members—Al Gore,Eric Schmidt of Google,and Jerry York,formerly of IBM and Chrysler—to investigate its own practices.“We decided at the outset that if Steve was at fault we would let the chips fall where they may,”Gore recalled.The committee uncovered some irregularities with Jobs’s grants and those of other top officers,and it immediately turned the findings over to the SEC.Jobs was aware of the backdating,the report said,but he ended up not benefiting financially.(A board committee at Disney also found that similar backdating had occurred at Pixar when Jobs was in charge.)The laws governing such backdating practices were murky,especially since no one at Apple ended up benefiting from the dubiously dated grants. The SEC took eight months to do its own investigation,and in April2007 it announced that it would not bring action against Apple“based in part on its swift,extensive,and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission’s investigation[and its]prompt self-reporting.”Although the SEC found that Jobs had been aware of the backdating,it cleared him of any misconduct because he“was unaware of the accounting implications.”The SEC did file complaints against Apple’s former chief financial officer Fred Anderson,who was on the board,and general counsel Nancy Heinen.Anderson,a retired Air Force captain with a square jaw and deep integrity,had been a wise and calming influence at Apple,where he was known for his ability to control Jobs’s tantrums.He was cited by the SEC only for“negligence”regarding the paperwork for one set of the grants(not the ones that went to Jobs),and the SEC allowed him to continue to serve on corporate boards.Nevertheless he ended up resigning from the Apple board.Section B Chinese to English总经理,总裁,首席执行官这样的头衔在现代商业中屡见不鲜.这些企业老总的头衔意味着什么?有人说意味着位高权重,腰缠万贯,交游广阔,傲慢自大甚至颐指气使。
我虽然当总裁的时间不长,感受还不深刻,但比隔岸观火要好很多。
在我看来,成功的企业老总主要具备以下几种品质:首先,要有思想,又对如何发展企业的战略思想和理念.这事听起来简单,做起来还是很有难度的。
思想虽然看不见,摸不着,但是却能让人感觉得到,这种思想代表着企业价值认同,能够引领企业发展方向。
其次,领导力是断不可缺的.老总在关键时刻做事少不了要果断决绝甚至冷酷无情,这就难免使员工陷入恐慌或愤怒.但是,好的老总在行驶自己的权利时会充分考虑到人性,并因此受到下属的爱戴。
另外,要有坚强意志,要有一往无前的精神,特别是在企业遇到困难的时候.因为很多新兴产业前人没做过,碰上千人不曾遇到的挑战在所难免.我们目睹了大浪淘沙似的血雨腥风。
而现今的云计算和物联网等新兴产业又将去向何方?鹿死谁手呢?”剩者”为王,生存下来的企业一定是经得起磨砺,具有百折不挠的精神。
综上所述,老总是企业的领袖,是灵魂.我将为之努力,做一个有思想,有坚定意志并能果断决策的企业领导人。
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