第2章1 楼宇供配电系统(英文)
弱电系统专业术语中英文对照
弱电系统中英文对照1.综合布线系统（Premises Distribution System/ Structured Cabling System）工作区子系统 The working area system水平子系统 Horizontal system垂直子系统 Vertical system设备间子系统 The equipment room system治理子系统 Management system建筑群子系统 Construction ensemble system2.社区安防系统 Security prevention system可视对讲系统 A visible walky-talky system防盗报警 Security alarm闭路监视 CCTV巡更 Night patrol周界防范 Perimeter Precaution门禁操纵 Access control3.公共设施监控系统 Public facility monitor system变配电 Electric transformer and distribution给排水 Water supply and drainage电梯 Elevator公共照明 Public lighting背景音乐及紧急广播 Background music and emergency broadcast4.宽带多媒体效劳系统 Broadband multimedia service system卫星接收及有线电视 Satellite reception and cable-TV broadband宽带接入 Broadband access社区网络效劳 Community network service5.智能家居系统 Intelligent home system多表远抄 Remote CC for meters家电智能操纵 Intelligent home appliances control system家居远程操纵 Home remote control家居防盗报警 Home anti-theft alarm6.BAS（楼宇自动化系统）楼宇设备监控系统 Building automation control system平安防范子系统 Security system火灾自动报警子系统 Fire alarm system7.CAS(通信网络系统)卫星接收及有线电视系统 Satellite reception and cable television system公用通信网络系统 Communication system of nets for public use卫星及微波通信系统 Satellite and microwave communication system视频会议系统 Video conference system无线对讲系统 Wireless walky-talky system背景音乐及紧急广播系统 Background music and emergency broadcasting8.OAS(办公自动化系统)事务型办公系统 Business office system治理型办公系统 Administrative office system决策型办公系统 Decision making office system9.平安防范子系统 Security System防盗报警系统 Intrusion Alarm System闭路监视系统 CCTV System门禁系统 Access Control System巡更系统 Patrol System停车场治理系统 Parking Administrative System10.环境系统 Environment System冷水系统 Cold water system热互换系统 Heat exchange system通排风系统 Ventilation system空调系统 Air-conditioning system新风系统 Make-up air system风机盘管加新风 Renewal of the blower fan coilVAV变风量系统 VAV system11.供配电系统Power Supply and Distribution高低压配电 Distribution of high and low-voltage electricity变电 Electricity transformation不中断电源 Continuous current应急发电 Emergency power12.照明系统Lighting System紧急照明 Emergency lighting工作照明 Lighting for work艺术照明 Artistic lighting特殊照明（障碍灯）Special lighting(obstacle lights)13.给排水系统 Water Supply and Drainage System给排水与饮用水 Water supply, drainage and drinking water卫生设备 Sanitary equipment污水及水处置 Sewage and intermediary water division14.交通运输系统 Transportation System电梯 Elevators扶梯 Escalators考勤系统 (Time Attendance)影像识别系统 (Video Identification System)电梯操纵 (Lift Access Control)15.IBMS (Intelligent Building Management System) 智能建筑治理系统BMS (Building Management System) 建筑物（建筑设备）（集成）治理系统BAS (Building Automation System) 建筑物（建筑设备）自动化系统SCS (Security System) 安防系统CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) 闭路电视监控系统ACS (Access Control System) 出口入口治理系统PMS (Parking Management System) 停车场治理系统PAS (Public Address System) 公共广播系统PS (Patrol System) 巡更治理系统FAS (Fire Alarm System) 火灾报警系统OAS (Office Automation System) 办公自动化系统GCS (Generic Cabling System) 结构化布线PDS (Premises Distributed System) 建筑与建筑群综合布线系统CAS (Communication Automation System) 通信自动化系统CNS (Communication Network System) 运算机网络系统PABX 程控互换机Centrex 虚拟网业务即集中式用户互换机SATV (Satellite Television) 卫星电视CATV (Cable Television) 有线电视(Community Antenna) 公共天线(Wireless Communication System) 无线通信系统(Inside Communication System) 内部通信系统PMS (Property Management System) 酒店治理系统。
3楼宇基本设备-1供配电系统(共27张)
S1
市电1 主供
S2
市电2 备用
S1 市电1
S2 市电2
10kV母线
10kV母线 母线网络开关
一备一用
同时供电
6
第6页，共27页。
供配电监控系统(xìtǒng)－供配电方案
我国供电系统的主结线
➢ 2路10KV独立电源供电 ➢ 变压器低压侧采用单母线分段方案 ➢ 广州东方宾馆、白云宾馆
➢ 高供低备
有源电力滤波器原理
18
第18页，共27页。
供配电监控系统－供电品质监测及改善
➢ 电压的不平衡度 三相四线制系统中单相负荷不平衡，进 而三相电压不平衡。
电压的不平衡度可以通过测量三个相电压及三个相电流的数据， 再经相互比较其差值来检测。差值越大则不平衡度越大。
当不平衡电压加于三相电机时，电机中的负序电流增加， 增加了转子内的热损失。
楼宇设备(shèbèi)自动控制技术
－楼宇基本设备及其控制特性
第1页，共27页。
楼宇基本(jīběn)设备及其控制特性
供配电监控系统 照明监控系统 空调与冷热源监控系统 给排水监控系统 电梯监控系统 防雷与接地系统
2
第2页，共27页。
供配电监控 系统 (jiān kònɡ)
由发电厂、电力网（输电、变电、配电）和用户组成的同一 整体称为电力系统,目的是将发电厂的电力供给用户使用。电力 系统常称为输配电系统或供配电系统。
三相不平衡。
➢ 频率 我国电力工频为50Hz，国家规定电力系统对用户的供电 频率偏差范围为±0.5%。对于频率的检测一般低压侧测量， 当出现偏差超过规定范围，应报警，必要时应切断市电供电， 改用备用电源或应急发电机供电。
➢ 电压偏移 电压低于额定值往往发生在高峰负荷时长线路的 末端，电压高于额定值往往发生在低负荷时线路的始端。电 压过高或过低，则应报警，同时采用系统或局部调压及保护 措施，一般在高压侧进行。重要负荷宜设置调压或稳压器。
配电系统的构成
2）桥型结线 是单母线分段结线 的一种简化。当单母 线分段结线每一段馈 线均只有一路时，可 取消母线，形成全桥 结线。 根据情况，可选择 取消进线或馈线断路 器，由此形成“外桥” 与“内桥”结线。 工程上一般不采用 全桥。
全桥
#1电源进线
QS011 QF01 QS012 QS1 QS11 QF11
负荷侧馈线
3、单母线带旁路 问题的提出：馈出线 断路器故障时，要求故 障回路不停电。 方法：为每一出线断 路器均设置一台备用（2 n备用）如图。 方法评价：备用太多， 不经济。 改进思路：因极少两 台断路器同时故障，可 否只设一台公共备用， 需要时被故障回路调用。
电源进线
QS0 QF0
QF01 QF11 QF02 QF12 QF03 QF13
负荷3
负荷4
2.3.5 各种配电方式的变通及综合应用示例
负荷工作场所 变配电所
电源1 电源2 负荷1 负荷2
负荷工作场所 变配电所
电源1 负荷1 负荷2
电源2
负荷3 隔离开关 负荷4
隔离开关
负荷4
负荷3
双电源单环路
双电源双环路
负荷工作场所 变配电所
电源1 负荷1
双电源双回路 放射式配电
电源2 负荷2
II段母线负荷侧馈线
两个单母线被QF连接起来，QF：联络断路器 一个单母线被QF分成两段，QF：分段断路器
2、双母线结线 单母线＋母线 备用 备用母线应能 被进线和每一路出 线所利用。 工作方式与故 障切换问题。
电源进线
QS0 QF0 QS01 QS02
母线I段 母线II段
QS11 QS12 QS21 QS22 QS31 QS32 QF1 QF2 QF3
毕业论文外文翻译-高层建筑供配电系统设计
毕业论文外文翻译-高层建筑供配电系统设计Design of Power Supply and Distribution System for High-rise BuildingsAbstractPower supply and distribution system is the lifeline of high-rise buildings. The design of power supply and distribution system is based on the characteristics of high-rise buildings, which requires not only reliable supply of power, but also the safety of electricity utilization and efficient energy consumption. In this paper, the design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings is discussed, focusing on the selection of power supply mode, the design of power distribution system, the design of grounding system, the selection of electrical equipment and the design of lightning protection system. The application of advanced technologies such as distributed power supply, energy management and control system, and intelligent electrical equipment can improve the energy efficiency and utilization of high-rise buildings, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and promote the development of green buildings.Keywords: high-rise buildings; power supply and distribution system; energy efficiency; green buildingsIntroductionHigh-rise buildings are an important symbol of urban development and represent the trend of modern architecture. With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the demand for high-rise buildings is increasing. Power supply and distribution system is an essential part of high-rise buildings, which plays a crucial role in the operation and maintenance of buildings. The design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings needs to consider many factors, such as technical performance, safety and reliability, energy efficiency, economic benefits and environmental protection, etc. In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy and advanced technology, the design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings has undergone significant changes, which focus on improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. This paper analyzes the design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings, summarizes the selection principles and design methods of various systems, and explores the application of new technologies to improve energy efficiency and promote the development of green buildings.1. Selection of Power Supply ModeThe power supply mode is the basic foundation of power supply and distribution system of high-rise buildings. In the selection of power supply mode, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the building and the surrounding environment, and ensure the reliability and safety of power supply. Currently, the main power supply modes for high-rise buildings are grid-connected power supply and distributed power supply.1.1 Grid-connected Power SupplyGrid-connected power supply is a traditional power supply mode, which is widely used in high-rise buildings. It has the advantages of reliable power supply, convenient operation and maintenance, and stable voltage and frequency. However, grid-connected power supply is vulnerable to natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes, and may cause power outages, which will affect the normal life and work of residents. Moreover, the development of distribution network is limited by the capacity of the grid, which may cause overloaded operation and reduce the energy efficiency of high-rise buildings.1.2 Distributed Power SupplyDistributed power supply is a new power supply mode, which can improve the energy efficiency of high-rise buildings and reduce the dependence on the grid. Distributed power supply includes combined heat and power (CHP), solar power, wind power and other renewable energy sources. CHP is a highly efficient power generation technology, which can generate electricity and heat at the same time, and utilize the waste heat for air conditioning and domestic hot water. Solar power and wind power are clean energy sources, which have the advantages of zero emissions and long service life. Distributed power supply can reduce the transmission and distribution losses of power supply, and improve the energy efficiency of high-rise buildings. However, the initial investment of distributed power supply is relatively high, and the technical level of electrical equipment and maintenance management is demanding.2. Design of Power Distribution SystemThe power distribution system is responsible for the power transmission and distribution of high-rise buildings, which should ensure the safety and reliability of the power supply. The design of power distribution system includes the selection of power distribution equipment, the layout of power distribution room, and the calculation of power load.2.1 Selection of Power Distribution EquipmentThe selection of power distribution equipment should meet the requirements of technical performance, safety and reliability, and energy efficiency. The main power distribution equipment includes switchgear, transformer, busbar, distribution panel, etc. The switchgear should have the function of over-current protection, short-circuit protection and earth leakage protection, and should have the advantages of small volume, low noise and high reliability. The transformer should be selected according to the capacity and voltage level, and should have the advantages of low loss, high efficiency and small size. The busbar should have the advantages of high strength, good conductivity and low resistance. The distribution panel should have the functions of metering, control, protection and communication, and should be easy to operate and maintain.2.2 Layout of Power Distribution RoomThe layout of power distribution room should be reasonable and convenient for operation and maintenance. The power distribution room should be located near the power supply entrance, and should have the advantages of good ventilation, dry, clean and spacious. The power distribution room should be equipped with the necessary security measures, such as fire prevention, explosion-proof, and lightning protection.2.3 Calculation of Power LoadThe calculation of power load is the key to the design of power distribution system. The power load includes lighting load, air conditioning load, power load and special load, etc. The calculation of power load should take into account the diversity of load, the possibility of peak load, and the capacity of power supply equipment. The primary consideration is to ensure the safety and reliability of power supply, and then to improve the energy efficiency of power utilization.3. Design of Grounding SystemThe grounding system is an important safety measure for high-rise buildings. The design of grounding system should meet the requirements of electrical safety and electrostatic discharge protection.3.1 Electrical SafetyThe grounding system should have the functions of lightning protection, over-voltage protection, over-current protection and earth leakage protection, etc. The grounding resistance should be less than the specified value, and the grounding wire should have good conductivity and corrosion resistance. The grounding system should be comprehensively tested and maintained regularly.3.2 Electrostatic Discharge ProtectionThe electrostatic discharge protection is to prevent the accumulation of static electricity and the damage of electrical equipment. The design of electrostatic discharge protection includes the selection of anti-static grounding material, the setting of anti-static floor, and the installation of anti-static equipment. The electrostatic discharge protection is especially important for data centers and sensitive electrical equipment.4. Selection of Electrical EquipmentThe selection of electrical equipment is an important part of the design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings. The selection of electrical equipment should meet the requirements of technical performance, safety and reliability, environmental protection and energy efficiency.4.1 Technical PerformanceThe electrical equipment should meet the relevant national and international standards, and have the characteristics of high efficiency, low noise, long service life and easy maintenance. The electrical equipment should have the functions of protection, control, measurement and communication, and should be compatible with the automation system.4.2 Safety and ReliabilityThe electrical equipment should have the functions of over-current protection, short-circuit protection, ground connection protection and lightning protection, etc. The electrical equipment should be installed and maintained by qualified personnel, and should be tested and checked regularly to ensure the safety and reliability of power supply and distribution system.4.3 Environmental Protection and Energy EfficiencyThe electrical equipment should have the advantages of environmental protection and energy efficiency, and should meet the requirements of green building standards. The electrical equipment should have the functions of power monitoring, energy management and control, and should be able to optimize the energy utilization and reduce the energy consumption.5. Design of Lightning Protection SystemThe lightning protection system is an important safety measure for high-rise buildings, which can prevent the damage of lightning to electrical equipment and human life. The design of lightning protection system includes the selection of lightning protection device, the installation of lightning rod, the connection of grounding wire, and the calculation of lightning protection zone.5.1 Selection of Lightning Protection DeviceThe lightning protection device should have the functions of lightning protection, over-voltage protection, surge protection and electromagnetic pulse protection, etc. The lightning protection device should be reliable and durable, and should meet the relevant national and international standards.5.2 Installation of Lightning RodThe lightning rod should be installed on the roof of high-rise buildings, and should be connected with the grounding system. The lightning rod should be placed in a high position, and should be made of light and strong materials, such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The lightning rod should be inspected regularly to ensure its effectiveness.5.3 Connection of Grounding WireThe grounding wire should be connected with the lightning rod, the grounding system, and the electrical equipment. The grounding wire should have the advantages of low resistance, good conductivity and corrosion resistance. The grounding wire should be tested and checked regularly to ensure its effectiveness.5.4 Calculation of Lightning Protection ZoneThe calculation of lightning protection zone is the basis for the design of lightning protection system. The lightning protection zone includes the direct lightning strike zone and the induced lightning zone. The direct lightning strike zone is the area covered by the lightning rod, and the induced lightning zone is the area beyond the direct lightning strike zone. The calculation of lightning protection zone should consider the characteristics of lightning, such as the stroke current, the distance from the lightning source, and the soil resistivity.ConclusionThe design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings is a complex and important work. The selection of power supply mode, the design of power distribution system, the design of grounding system, the selection of electrical equipment, and the design of lightning protection system are the main aspects of the design of power supply and distribution system. The application of advanced technologies such as distributed power supply, energy management and control system, and intelligent electrical equipment can improve the energy efficiency and utilization of high-rise buildings, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, and promote the development of green buildings. The design of power supply and distribution system for high-rise buildings should adhere to the principles of safety, reliability, energy efficiency, economic benefits and environmental protection, and strive to create a better living and working space for residents.。
第2章 楼宇智能化的供配电系统
2.6.3 智能建筑的负荷等级划分
• 负荷等级划分的原则，主要是根据中断供 电后在政治、经济上造成影响的程度而定。 按照《民用建筑电气设计规范》（JGJ／ T16—1992）对负荷等级的划分等级划分 的原则，主要是根据中断供电后在政治、 经济上造成影响的程度而定。按照《民用 建筑电气设计规范》（JGJ／T16—1992） 将负荷等级的划分为一级、二级、三级负 荷。
2.7.4 有特殊要求的设备配电
• 消防设备的配电、智能建筑的消防用电应按一级 负荷要求供电，对于消防控制、消防水泵、消防 电梯、防排烟风机等的供电，还应在最末一级配 电箱处设置自动转换装置。电梯配电必须专用线 路供电，不可与照明或其他负荷合用干线，以免 影响其他设备正常工作。 • 对计算机中心的配电，除了保证其负荷等级外， 还应注意必须专用线供电，即PE线与N线要分开； 计算机房应按要求作局部等电位连接；计算机房 的配电箱处应加装SPD，以防雷击电磁脉冲沿线 路入侵计算机等信息设备。
2.7.5 低压配电系统的综合自动化
• 低压配电系统的综合自动化可以有两种方 式实现：一种方式是采用智能型断路器； 另一种方式是采用智能型控制单元。智能 型控制单元又分为两种，一种为电动机控 制器，另一种为馈电控制器。从技术经济 角度综合考虑，目前多数工程对大容量断 路器的框架式断路器采用智能型断路器， 而对其他回路采用智能型控制单元。
2.7 低压配电干线系统
• • • • • 2.7.1 配电方式 （1）插接式母线 （2）预制式分支电缆 （3）采用穿刺式线夹分支的电缆 以上3种配电方式，通常用于垂直方向的多 层分支。至于专用配线，以及水平部分的 电气干线，一般多采用电缆，用电缆桥架 敷设。
2.7.2 自备应急电源
• 多数智能建筑装有柴油发电机组作应急电 源，以进一步提高一级负荷供电的可靠性 及大楼的声誉。当市电中断后机组能快速 自启动，可在15s内恢复供电。发电机功率 按一级负荷确定并保证其中1台最大容量的 电动机能顺利起动。据调查，柴油发电机 功率约占整个建筑物总计算功率的15%。 此外，消防控制、电话站、电子计算控制 中心等还备有蓄电池静止型不间断供电装 置（UPS）。
供配电系统的构成
#1馈线
#2馈线
#3馈线
电源进线
QS0 QF0
QF10即公共备用断 路器，称为旁路断路器。 这是一种（n+1）的备用 方式。
QS131 QF13
主母线
QS101 QF10 QS102 QS111 QF11 QS112 QS121 QF12 QS122
被故障回路调用时切 换操作分析。 存在的问题分析。
2.3.2 放射式配电 特点：一个回路只服务于一个负荷。 优缺点：自学。
变配电所
负荷1 负荷1 电源 负荷2 负荷3 负荷3 负荷2 负荷4
负荷4
负荷工作场所
2.3.3 树干式配电 特点：一个回路顺次向若干负荷供电。 干线分支作法：T接（如负荷1），Π接（如 负荷2）。 优、缺点：与放射式相反。
QF
QS2 QS12 QF12
QS11
QS12
取消馈线断路器
至＃1变压器
至＃2变压器 至＃1变压器
至＃2变压器
• 小结 1）变配电所电气主结线表达的最重要信息是 变配电所的受馈电方式，这是分析主结线的最有 效着眼点。 2）受馈电转换、电器组合、备用设置是构成 主结线的基本要素。单母线结线是构成很大一类 主结线的基本单元。 3）网络拓扑与设备设置是主结线两个相互关联 的方面。
隔离开关
隔离开关
负荷工作场所
负荷1 负荷2 负荷3
变配电所
备用电源
带公共备用的 放射式配电 放射式＋树干式
工作电源
• 小结 1）供配电网络结线又称供配电方式，指处于不 同空间位置的电源与负荷之间的电气联系方式。 2）供配电方式的确定除考虑负荷等级、类别、 量值大小、运行要求等因素外，还应着重考虑负 荷的位置分布。 3）放射式、树干式是两种最基本的供配电方式， 由此可演变或组合出其他很多供配电方式。
中英文_智能楼宇自动化系统(电气或者自动化应用的中英文文献)
智能楼宇自动化系统引言楼宇自动化系统也叫建筑设备自动化系统(BuildingAutomationSystem简称BAS)，是智能建筑不可缺少的一部分，其任务是对建筑物内的能源使用、环境、交通及安全设施进行监测、控制等，以提供一个既安全可靠，又节约能源，而且舒适宜人的工作或居住环境。
2 楼宇自动化系统的组成与基本功能建筑设备自动化系统通常包括暖通空调、给排水、供配电、照明、电梯、消防、安全防范等子系统。
根据我国行业标准，BAS又可分为设备运行管理与监控子系统和消防与安全防范子系统，如图所示。
一般情况下，这两个子系统宜一同纳入BAS考虑，如将消防与安全防范子系统独立设置，也应与BAS监控中心建立通信联系以便灾情发生时，能够按照约定实现操作权转移，进行一体化的协调控制。
建筑设备自动化系统的基本功能可以归纳如下：(1)自动监视并控制各种机电设备的起、停，显示或打印当前运转状态。
(2)自动检测、显示、打印各种机电设备的运行参数及其变化趋势或历史数据。
(3)根据外界条件、环境因素、负载变化情况自动调节各种设备，使之始终运行于最佳状态。
(4)监测并及时处理各种意外、突发事件。
(5)实现对大楼内各种机电设备的统一管理、协调控制。
(6)能源管理：水、电、气等的计量收费、实现能源管理自动化。
(7)设备管理：包括设备档案、设备运行报表和设备维修管理等。
3 楼宇自动化控制系统的原理楼控系统采用的是基于现代控制理论的集散型计算机控制系统，也称分布式控制系统(Distributedcontrol systems简称DCS)。
它的特征是“集中管理分散控制”，即用分布在现场被控设备处的微型计算机控制装置(DDC)完成被控设备的实时检测和控制任务，克服了计算机集中控制带来的危险性高度集中的不足和常规仪表控制功能单一的局限性。
安装于中央控制室的中央管理计算机具有CRT显示、打印输出、丰富的软件管理和很强的数字通信功能，能完成集中操作、显示、报警、打印与优化控制等任务，避免了常规仪表控制分散后人机联系困难、无法统一管理的缺点，保证设备在最佳状态下运行。
弱电系统中英文对照
弱电系统中英文对照1.综合布线系统（Premises Distribution System/ Structured Cabling System）➢工作区子系统The working area system➢水平子系统Horizontal system➢垂直子系统Vertical system➢设备间子系统The equipment room system➢管理子系统Management system➢建筑群子系统Construction ensemble system2.社区安防系统Security prevention system➢可视对讲系统A visible walky—talky system➢防盗报警Security alarm➢闭路监视CCTV (Closed-circuit television）➢巡更Night patrol➢周界防范Perimeter Precaution➢门禁控制Access control3.公共设施监控系统Public facility monitor system➢变配电Electric transformer and distribution➢给排水Water supply and drainage➢电梯Elevator➢公共照明Public lighting➢背景音乐及紧急广播Background music and emergency broadcast4.宽带多媒体服务系统Broadband multimedia service system➢卫星接收及有线电视Satellite reception and cable-TV broadband➢宽带接入Broadband access➢社区网络服务Community network service5.智能家居系统Intelligent home system➢多表远抄Remote CC for meters➢家电智能控制Intelligent home appliances control system➢家居远程控制Home remote control➢家居防盗报警Home anti-theft alarm6.BAS（楼宇自动化系统）➢楼宇设备监控系统Building automation control system➢安全防范子系统Security system➢火灾自动报警子系统Fire alarm system7.CAS(通信网络系统)➢卫星接收及有线电视系统Satellite reception and cable television system ➢公用通讯网络系统Communication system of nets for public use➢卫星及微波通讯系统Satellite and microwave communication system➢视频会议系统Video conference system➢无线对讲系统Wireless walky—talky system➢背景音乐及紧急广播系统Background music and emergency broadcasting 8.OAS(办公自动化系统)➢事务型办公系统Business office system➢管理型办公系统Administrative office system➢决策型办公系统Decision making office system9.安全防范子系统Security System➢防盗报警系统Intrusion Alarm System➢闭路监视系统CCTV System➢门禁系统Access Control System➢巡更系统Patrol System➢停车场管理系统Parking Administrative System10.环境系统Environment System➢冷水系统Cold water system➢热交换系统Heat exchange system➢通排风系统Ventilation system➢空调系统Air—conditioning system➢新风系统Make-up air system➢风机盘管加新风Renewal of the blower fan coil➢V A V变风量系统V A V system11.供配电系统Power Supply and Distribution➢高低压配电Distribution of high and low—voltage electricity➢变电Electricity transformation➢不间断电源Continuous current➢应急发电Emergency power12.照明系统Lighting System➢紧急照明Emergency lighting➢工作照明Lighting for work➢艺术照明Artistic lighting➢特殊照明（障碍灯）Special lighting(obstacle lights）13.给排水系统Water Supply and Drainage System➢给排水与饮用水Water supply，drainage and drinking water➢卫生设备Sanitary equipment➢污水及水处理Sewage and intermediary water division14.交通运输系统Transportation System➢电梯Elevators➢扶梯Escalators➢考勤系统（Time Attendance)➢影像识别系统（Video Identification System)➢电梯控制（Lift Access Control)15.IBMS (Intelligent Building Management System) 智能建筑管理系统➢BMS (Building Management System) 建筑物(建筑设备）（集成）管理系统➢BAS (Building Automation System）建筑物（建筑设备）自动化系统➢SCS (Security System) 安防系统➢CCTV （Closed Circuit Television）闭路电视监控系统➢ACS (Access Control System）出口入口管理系统➢PMS (Parking Management System) 停车场管理系统➢PAS （Public Address System) 公共广播系统➢PS （Patrol System）巡更管理系统➢FAS （Fire Alarm System) 火灾报警系统➢OAS （Office Automation System）办公自动化系统➢GCS (Generic Cabling System) 结构化布线➢PDS （Premises Distributed System) 建筑与建筑群综合布线系统➢CAS (Communication Automation System）通讯自动化系统➢CNS (Communication Network System）计算机网络系统➢PABX 程控交换机➢Centrex 虚拟网业务即集中式用户交换机➢SATV （Satellite Television）卫星电视➢CATV (Cable Television）有线电视➢（Community Antenna）公共天线➢(Wireless Communication System) 无线通讯系统➢(Inside Communication System）内部通讯系统➢PMS (Property Management System) 酒店管理系统A：Actuator 执行器A：Amplifier 放大器A：Attendance员工考勤A：Attenuation衰减AA:Antenna amplifier 开线放大器AA：Architectural Acoustics建筑声学AC：Analogue Controller 模拟控制器ACD:Automatic Call Distribution 自动分配话务ACS:Access Control System出入控制系统AD：Addressable Detector地址探测器ADM：Add/Drop Multiplexer分插复用器ADPCM:Adaptive Differential ulse Code Modulation 自适应差分脉冲编码调制AF:Acoustic Feedback 声反馈AFR：Amplitude /Frequency Response 幅频响应AGC:Automati Gain Control自动增益控制AHU：Air Handling Unit 空气处理机组A-I：Auto-iris自动光圈AIS:Alarm Indication Signal 告警指示信号AITS：Acknowledged Information Transfer Service确认操作ALC：Automati Level Control 自动平衡控制ALS:Alarm Seconds 告警秒ALU:Analogue Lines Unit 模拟用户线单元AM:Administration Module管理模块AN:Access Network 接入网ANSI:American National Standards Institute美国国家标准学会APS:Automatic Protectiontching 自动保护倒换ASC：Automati Slope Control 自动斜率控制ATH：Analogue Trunk Unit 模拟中继单元ATM:Asynchrous Transfer Mode 异步传送方式AU- PPJE：AU Pointer Positive Justification 管理单元正指针调整AU：Administration Unit 管理单元AU-AIS:Administrative Unit Alarm Indication SignalAU告警指示信号AUG：Administration Unit Group 管理单元组AU—LOP：Loss of Administrative Unit Pointer AU指针丢失AU—NPJE:AU Pointer Negative Justification管理单元负指针调整AUP:Administration Unit Pointer管理单元指针A VCD:Auchio ＆Video Control Device 音像控制装置AWG:American Wire Gauge美国线缆规格BA:Bridge Amplifier桥接放大器TOPBAC:Building Automation & Control net建筑物自动化和控制网络BAM:Background Administration Module后管理模块BBER:Background Block Error Ratio背景块误码比BCC:B—channel Connect ControlB通路连接控制BD：Building DistributorBEF:Buiding Entrance Facilities 建筑物入口设施BFOC:Bayonet Fibre Optic Connector大口式光纤连接器BGN：Background Noise背景噪声BGS：Background Sound 背景音响BIP-N:Bit Interleaved Parity N code 比特间插奇偶校验N位码B-ISDN:Brand band ISDN 宽带综合业务数字网B—ISDN:Broad band —Integrated Services Digital Network 宽带综合业务数字网BMC：Burst Mode Controller 突发模式控制器BMS:Building Management System 智能建筑管理系统BRI:Basic Rate ISDN 基本速率的综合业务数字网BS：Base Station基站BSC:Base Station Controller基站控制器BUL:Back up lighting备用照明C/S：Client/Server客户机/服务器TOPC：Combines 混合器C:Container 容器CA:Call Accounting电话自动计费系统CA TV：Cable Television 有线电视CC：Call Control 呼叫控制CC：Coax cable 同轴电缆CCD:Charge coupled devices 电荷耦合器件CCF：Cluster Contril Function 簇控制功能CD：Campus Distributor 建筑群配线架CD：Combination detector 感温,感烟复合探测器CDCA:Continuous Dynamic Channel Assign 连续的动态信道分配CDDI：Copper Distributed Data 合同缆分布式数据接口CDES:Carbon dioxide extinguisbing system 二氧化碳系统CDMA:Code Division Multiplex Access 码分多址CF：Core Function 核心功能CFM：Compounded Frequency Modulation 压扩调频繁CIS：Call Information System 呼叫信息系统CISPR：Internation Special Conmittee On Radio Interference 国际无线电干扰专门委员会CLNP：Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接模式网络层协议CLP:Cell Loss Priority信元丢失优先权CM:Communication Module 通信模块CM:Configuration Management 配置管理CM:Cross-connect Matrix交叉连接矩阵CMI:Coded Mark Inversion传号反转码CMISE:Common Management Information Service公用管理信息协议服务单元CPE：Convergence protocol entity 会聚协议实体CR/E:card reader /Encoder （Ticket reader )卡读写器/编码器CRC：Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗佘校验CRT：Cathode Ray Tabe 显示器，监视器，阴极射线管CS：Convergence service 会聚服务CS：Cableron Spectrum 旧纳档块化技术CS:Ceiling Screen 挡烟垂壁CS：Convergence Sublayer合聚子层CSC：Combined Speaker Cabinet 组合音响CSCW:Computer supported collaborative work 计算机支持的协同工作CSES：Continuius Severely Errored Second 连续严重误码秒CSF：Cell Site Function 单基站功能控制CTB：Composite Triple Beat 复合三价差拍CTD：Cable Thermal Detector 缆式线型感温探测器CTNR:carrier to noise ratio 载波比CW:Control Word 控制字D:Directional 指向性TOPD:Distortion 失真度D:Distributive 分布式DA:Distribution Amplifier 分配的大器DBA：Database Administrator数据库管理者DBCSN：Database Control System Nucleus数据库控制系统核心DBOS：Database Organizing System 数据库组织系统DBSS:Database Security System 数据库安全系统DC：Door Contacts大门传感器DCC：Digital Communication Channel数字通信通路DCN:Data Communication Network 数据通信网DCP-I:Distributed Control Panel —Intelligent智能型分散控制器DCS:Distributed Control System集散型控制系统DDN：Digital Data Network 数字数据网DDS:Direct Dignital Controller直接数字控制器DDW：Data Describing Word 数据描述字DECT:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication增强数字无绳通讯DFB:Distributed Feedback 分布反馈DID:Direct Inward Dialing 直接中继方式,呼入直拨到分机用户DLC：Data Link Control Layer 数据链路层DLI：DECT Line InterfaceDODI：Direct Outward Dialing One 一次拨号音DPH：DECT PhoneDRC:Directional Response Cahracteristics 指向性响应DS:Direct Sound 直正声DSP：Digital signal Processing 数字信号处理DSS：Deiision Support System 决策支持系统DTMF：Dual Tone Multi-Frequency 双音多频DTS：Dual —Technology Sensor 双鉴传感器DWDM:Dense Wave—length Division Multiplexing 密集波分复用DXC：Digital Cross-Connect 数字交叉连接E:Emergency lighting照明设备TOPE:Equalizer 均衡器E:Expander 扩展器EA—DFB:Electricity Absorb—Distributed Feedback 电吸收分布反馈ECC：Embedded Control Channel 嵌入或控制通道EDFA:Erbium—Doped Fiber Amplifier掺饵光纤放大器EDI:Electronic Data Interexchange 电子数据交换EIC:Electrical Impedance Characteristics 电阻抗特性EMC：Electro Magnetic Compatibiloty 电磁兼容性EMI:Electro Magnetic Interference 电磁干扰EMS：Electromagnetic Sensitibility 电磁敏感性EN：Equivalent Noise 等效噪声EP:Emergency Power 应急电源ES：Emergency Sooket 应急插座ES：Evacuation Sigvial疏散照明ESA:Error SecondA 误码秒类型AESB：ErrorSecondB 误码秒类型BESD:Electrostatic Discharge静电放电ESR：Errored Second Ratio 误码秒比率ETDM：Electrical Time Division Multiplexing电时分复用ETSI：European Telecommunication Standards Institute欧洲电信标准协会F：Filter 滤波器TOPFAB：Fire Alarm Bell 火警警铃FACU:Fire Alarm Contrlol Unit 火灾自动报警控制装置FC:Failure Count 失效次数FC:Frequency Converter 频率变换器FCC:Fire Alarm System 火灾报警系统FCS:Field Control System 现场总线FCU：Favn Coil Unit风机盘管FD：Fire Door 防火门FD：Flame Detector 火焰探测器FD：Floor DistributorFD:Frequency Dirsder 分频器FDD：Frequency Division Dual 频分双工FDDI：Fiberdistributed Data Interface光纤缆分布式数据接口。
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Spare 备 10kV Bus
Power1
Power2
Tie switch
（b) ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆
Two inputs Sectionalizing bus with tie switch Additional bus tie cabinet and voltage transformer cabinet
High reliability
Building with high reliability requirement or high load
2.2 Typical system inside the building
(c) Two inputs with generator S1 S2 Power2
Protection transformer transformer cabinet cabinet cabinet
Voltage
other capacitorProtection stations cabinet cabinet
power incoming cabinet metering cabinet
Main switch shut down
◆ 自备发电机组要选择有自启动装置的机组，市电停电后延时3s后开始 启动，启动时间约10s，发电机主开关合闸供电，当市电恢复后，机组延 时约5分钟（带载运行），再空载冷却运行约10分钟后自动停车。
2.2 Typical system inside the building
2.2 Typical system inside the building
Main Electrical Connection
(a) One
S1
main + one spare
S2
(b) Two inputs single bus with tie switch
S1 S2
Main 主 10kV Bus
2.2 Typical system inside the building
◆ ATS (Automatic transfer switching equipment) ◆ ATS: safely switching from utility power to emergency generator power主要用在紧急供电系统 ◆ ATS: switching from a primary source to a secondary
2.2 Typical system inside the building
G generator Main I Inter Emergency bus Main II
Hall lighting Emergency lighting Important UPS computer load
Fire lift
线 量 柜 柜
柜
器 柜
器 柜
器
电 所
器
护 柜
柜
Protection transformer transformer cabinet cabinet cabinet
power incoming cabinet
其 变 电 变 4 进 计 transformer互 Voltage 保 cabinet: metering and protection 他
线 量 柜 柜
护 柜
感 器 柜
压 器 柜
压 器
变 电 所
容 器
保 护 柜
进 线 柜
Protection transformer transformer cabinet cabinet cabinet
10kV/400V
Transformer
380V/220V bus bar
◆ difficult to get two inputs， 400V power supply nearby ◆ main input 10kV， 400V spare ◆ small building ,low power consumption.
Larger user
User
Others 产生 传输 分配
Generating
transmitting
distributing
2.1 Introduction
110kV 220kV 500kV
2.1 Introduction
110kV 220kV 500kV 50-150km 200-400km 500km
Chapter 2 Power supply and distribution system
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Typical system inside the building 2.3 system diagram reading
2.4 monitoring system 2.5 Examples
●Communication and Networking
● Remote Terminal Unit ● Remotely Operable Switch ● (ASIC)
Application Specific Integrated Circuit
● DA software ● Distribution Network Simulator
G generator Main I interlock Emergency bus Main II
Hall lighting Emergency lighting Important UPS computer load
Fire lift
Fire protection
◆ 对大厅照明等稍为重要的负荷，由于配电开关上装有失压脱扣器，在 市电故障时已全部分闸，然后可根据机组负荷情况手动合闸。例如此时 无火灾可全部合闸，如一旦发生火灾，则根据消防发出的指令自动跳闸。 方案适用于电网稳定、大楼重要负荷较多的工程。
power incoming cabinet
进 计ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้线 量 柜 柜
保 护 柜
互 感 器 柜
变 压 器 柜
变 压 器
其 他 变 电 所
电 容 器
保 护 柜
进 线 柜
Protection transformer transformer cabinet cabinet cabinet
Voltage
other capacitorProtection stations cabinet cabinet
power incoming cabinet metering cabinet
power incoming cabinet
其 变 1进 计 两路10KV保 一路由市网供给，电缆引入，（装有专用计量柜和进线开关） 进线 互 电 变 进
保 他 压 感 容 压 2线 量 另一电源为备用电源，架空引入，由本企业引入。无计量柜,有进线保护柜。 变 线 护 护 器 器 电 器 器 柜 柜 柜 柜 柜 所 柜 柜
柜 柜
柜
器 柜
器 柜
器
电 所
器
柜
柜
Protection transformer transformer cabinet cabinet cabinet
Voltage
other capacitorProtection stations cabinet cabinet
power incoming cabinet metering cabinet
2.1 Introduction
Hydropower plant Thermal power plant Nuclear power plant
Power supply system
Larger user
User
Transmission and distribution
Substation Power line
将负载从一个电源自动换接至另一个（备用）电源 ◆ ATS: 常常应用在重要用电场所，其产品可靠性尤为重要。
自动转换开关电器
2.2 Typical system inside the building
(d) Two inputs ( main and spare )
main supply
380V/220V spare
2.1 Introduction
110kV 10kV
Power station
Transformer
Distribution substations
110kV
User
10kV 0.4kV 10kV
2.2 Typical system inside the building
Main Electrical Connection
Fire protection
◆ 正常情况，消防设备等用电设备为两路市电同时供电，应急母线电源 由其中一路市电供给。当两路市电失去一路，可以通过两路市电中间的 联络开关合闸恢复大部分供电，当两路市电全部失去时，自动启动机组 ATS开关转换，应急母线由机组供电，保证消防设备等重要负荷的供电。
2.2 Typical system inside the building
2.1 Introduction 380V
10kV
35kV
500kV
2.1 Introduction
Automation in Power Distribution
◆ How does Power reach us? ◆ Bottlenecks in Power Reliability ◆ The Technology Development Mission
G generator Main I interlock Emergency bus Main II