Published or Perish
学术不端英语作文范文
学术不端英语作文范文(中英文版)Academic Misconduct Essay SampleIn the realm of academia, integrity serves as the cornerstone of knowledge pursuit.Unfortunately, instances of academic misconduct, such as plagiarism, cheating, and falsifying data, have been on the rise.This essay aims to shed light on this pressing issue, highlighting its consequences and proposing potential solutions.学术不端现象透视在学术追求的领域中，诚信是知识探索的基石。
然而，令人遗憾的是，学术不端行为如抄袭、作弊和伪造数据等现象日益增多。
本文旨在揭示这一紧迫问题，强调其后果，并提出可能的解决措施。
The act of plagiarism, for instance, not only undermines the original author"s hard work but also hampers the plagiarizer"s own learning process.It is a blatant violation of academic integrity, which necessitates severe penalties to deter such behavior.例如，抄袭行为不仅损害了原作者的辛勤努力，还阻碍了抄袭者自身的学习过程。
这是一种公然违反学术诚信的行为，必须采取严厉的处罚措施以遏制此类行为。
抄袭行为，例如，不仅对原作者的劳动成果造成损害，同时也阻碍了抄袭者个人的学习进步。
科研伦理与学术规范课后练习第二部分测试题
第二部分测试题作业说明：无允许提交次数：1/1总分： 10单选.在提供和著录引文时，应该遵循以下哪些原则？①原则上使用原始文献，避免采用转引的方式；②引用以必要、适当为限；③引用不得改变或歪曲被引内容的原貌原义；④引用原则上使用最优或最新版本；⑤引用标注应该完整、准确地显示被引作品的相关信息；⑥引用网络资源应该慎重，引用信息包括相关的时间信息。
⑦直接引用别人的文章必须使用引号（1/1 分）①②③④①②③④⑤①②③④⑤⑥①②③④⑤⑥⑦正确答案 :①②③④⑤⑥⑦答案解析 :Explanation单选.将作者的权威性与作品的权威性混同的表现有？（1/1 分）一味引用权威作者的作品，不管其作品是否权威不加引号，直接引用他人的原文引用他人的观点，原则上需要全文改写加引注断章取义，曲解权威人物的言论正确答案 :一味引用权威作者的作品，不管其作品是否权威答案解析 :单选以下说法正确的是？（1/1 分）如何评价论文是否优良，除了无法量化的同行评议以外，一项值得争议但是相对合理的指标就是引用率PUBLISH OR PERISH，科研至上是绝对正确的价值导向引注的目的是炫耀自己的文采，展示自己寒窗苦读的阅读功底引注时，对学术大家的尊重更甚于追根溯源，引用原始文献的重要性正确答案 :如何评价论文是否优良，除了无法量化的同行评议以外，一项值得争议但是相对合理的指标就是引用率答案解析 :单选请选择您认为错误的答案？（1/1 分）出版或发表事项包括文献的出版地、出版社、发表者、颁布者、产生者、版次和出版时间等引注的最终目的在于让读者能精确定位，很容易查找到相关的文献，并予以核实注释主要包括释义性注释和引文注释在提供和著录引文时，不允许引用原著者之前的引文正确答案 :在提供和著录引文时，不允许引用原著者之前的引文答案解析 :单选.下列哪个是国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国标准化管理委员会发布的现行参考文献标注标准？（1/1 分）《信息与文献参考文献著录规则》《科技学术期刊编排规则》《APA 格式——国际社会科学学术写作规范手册》《中国高校自然科学学报编排规范指南》正确答案 :《信息与文献参考文献著录规则》答案解析 :多选什么情况下需要引注？（1/1 分）使用了其他文献中的数据、表格、图表、图片等显在的资料信息当描述或讨论某个作者的理论、模型、实践、案例或其他研究成果，或用他的研究成果来证实你的观点用文献的释义来支持和加强你的论证的正确性和重要性当你要强调某个在学界受到一定程度认可和支持的理论、模型或实践的时候，需要多条文献支持时正确答案 :使用了其他文献中的数据、表格、图表、图片等显在的资料信息当描述或讨论某个作者的理论、模型、实践、案例或其他研究成果，或用他的研究成果来证实你的观点用文献的释义来支持和加强你的论证的正确性和重要性当你要强调某个在学界受到一定程度认可和支持的理论、模型或实践的时候，需要多条文献支持时答案解析 :多选.请选择您认为正确的答案？（1/1 分）引注的质量对于学术论文的可信性是极其重要的。
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题18_真题-无答案
翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题18(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionAnyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inseparately tied to their children"s success, it can be abewildering, painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It"s not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities, but they can"t be forced," says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who led a study examining what motivated first- and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible tounearthambition in students who don"t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers canreignitethat innate desire to achieve.Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids" control, that their intelligence ismalleable.Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. Some educators say it"s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. "The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions," says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with theiraspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that classwork is irrelevant is not true, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run.1. The word "bewildering" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. puzzlingB. unbelievableC. unpleasantD. awkward2. The passage is mainly about ______.A. when in one"s life ambition is most neededB. what to do to reform the education systemC. why parents of underachievers are ambitiousD. how to help school children develop their ambition3. The word "unearth" underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.A. discoverB. seekC. pursuitD. analyze4. According to the passage, most educators believe that many kids ______.A. show a lack of academic ambition at birthB. amaze their parents by acting like adultsC. become less ambitious as they grow upD. get increasingly afraid of failing in school5. The word "reignite" underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.A. rekindleB. confirmC. find outD. strike6. Paragraph 1 mentions some parents who would see their kids" failure as ______.A. naturalB. trivialC. intolerableD. understandable7. The word "malleable" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. justifiableB. flexibleC. uncountableD. desirable8. Some experts suggest that many kids lose ambition in school because they are ______.A. cut off from the outside worldB. exposed to school work onlyC. kept away from **petitionD. labeled as inferior to others9. The word "aspirations" underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.A. ambitionB. careeC. goalD. project10. The last paragraph implies ______.A. the effectiveness of Project IFB. the significance of classworkC. the importance of walking to runningD. the attainment of different life goalsJan Hendrik Schon"s success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers—one every 16 days—detailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made themsuspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate papers—which also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science andNature—the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified andfabricateddata. His career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old asscience itself, tend to follow similar patterns of presumption and due reward.In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popularrenownto gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win theacclaimsfrom academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, **e with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up inThe New YorkTimes and other publications.Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper, they"re more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist"s "hnpact Factor," a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the "Impact Factor" as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they"re considering supporting.11. The word "suspicious" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. doubtfulB. incredibleC. stupendousD. horrendous12. The achievements of Jan Hendrik Schon turned out to be ______.A. surprisingB. inconceivableC. praiseworthyD. fraudulent13. The word "fabricated" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. fakeB. compileC. draw upD. analyze14. To find why scientific scandals like Schon"s occur, people have begun to raise doubt about the two top journals for ______.A. their academic prestigeB. their importance to career successC. their popularity with scientific circlesD. their reviewing system15. The word "renown" underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. reputationB. purposeC. nameD. achievement16. According to the passage, what makes Science and Nature powerful?A. They cover the best researches on a variety of subjects．B. They publish controversial papers that others won"t．C. They prefer papers on highly specialized research．D. They have a special system of peer-review．17. The expression "the cream of the crop" in Paragraph 3 most likely means "______".A. the most of allB. the best of allC. the recently releasedD. the widely spread18. The word "acclaims" underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.A. complimentB. prizeC. bonusD. core19. Scientists know that by reaching the journalists for Science and Nature they would get a better chance to ______.A. have more of their papers published in the journals in the futureB. have their names appear in many other renown publicationsC. have their research results understood by the general publicD. have their superiors give them monetary award for the publication20. Compared with other journals, Nature and Science would give the authors an extra benefit that their papers ______.A. will be more likely to become influential and be citedB. will be more likely to be free from challenge by peersC. will be reviewed with greater care to ensure the authorityD. will reappear in their original in papers like New York TimesThis leaves us with the challenge of finding some politically practicable way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But it is an awkward truth that when most U.S. senators were asked informally in 2000 if they would support the Kyoto Protocol should President George W. Bush send it to the Senate forratification, the overwhelming majority, Democrats as well as Republicans, said they could not. The reason for the liberals"surprising reply is clear. Many studies, not all by conservatives, suggest that **pliancewith the terms of the Kyoto Protocol would likely lead to a deep American recession. For those willing to Fun this risk, sober reflection on the consequences of the economic collapse of 1929 and the subsequent worldwide depression with all its political and ultimately military consequences is certainly in order.That said, what can be done, in particular by our own country? Independent of the issues raised by the Kyoto Protocol, and given the weight of evidence that the problem of global warming is serious and fraught withdireconsequences, failure to do anything at all and instead to promote "business as usual" isdownrightcriminal.Yet the Bush administration has given no more than lip service to the problem, though that could be changing. It is one thing to weigh alternatives and **promises that reflect **plexity of the problem; it is quite another thing to do nothing, especially if doing nothing is just a way of securing support from certain industries that worsen the problem.There are, after all, things that can be done. Reopening a serious international dialogue, and not just saying a few good words, would be a useful if inadequate start. Not every problem must be solved before the weight of evidence becomes so compelling that certain initial steps become almost mandatory. We already know how to make more fuel-efficient automobiles, yet no national policy has surfaced to accomplish this. The scientific and **munities are the ones best suited to identify the scientific research that is still needed and the technical projects that show the greatest promise. These issues should be decided by them and not the politicians. Once solutions look promising, as a few already do, industry will be all too ready to jump in, for at that stage there is money to be made. And only a fool would underestimate human ingenuity when given a properincentive, or the strength of American industry once the boiler is lit under it.21. The word "ratification" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. approvalB. agreementC. authorizationD. confirmation22. What can be inferred about the Kyoto Protocol from Paragraph 1?A. It was about environment protection.B. It was supported by most Democrats.C. It was considered awkward by conservatives.D. It was officially rejected by most US senators.23. The word "compliance" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. obedienceB. submissionC. subjectionD. procrastination24. Many studies suggest that full agreement with the Kyoto Protocol would run the risk of ______.A. falling victim to military warfareB. offending other countriesC. re-experiencing the past miseriesD. provoking nationwide anger25. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ______.A. measures should be taken to deal with global warming.B. the best way to deal with global warming is "let it be".C. the seriousness of global warming has been exaggerated.D. promoting "business as usual" must be further stressed.26. The word "dire" underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.A. horribleB. immeasurableC. incalculableD. inhuman27. The Bush administration ______.A. has assisted in aggravating global warmingB. has taken no measures against global warmingC. has **promises about global warmingD. has got big industries" support to stop global warming28. The author suggests all of the following measures EXCEPT ______.A. reopening a serious international dialogueB. **ing all difficulties before startingC. conducting scientific researches concernedD. doing the most promising technical projects29. The word "downright" underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.A. completeB. realC. meaningfulD. especial30. In the last paragraph, the expression "once the boiler is lit under it" most probably means "when American industry is ______."A. underminedB. upgradedC. incensedD. stimulatedIt seems incredible to me that Latin is not taught in schools as a matter of course, especially in acountry that is foreverlamentingits own (undeniable) mediocrity when it comes to speaking foreign languages. As a 13-year-old, I hardly approached my own Latin lessons with anything resembling enthusiasm—I might have been keener if Aeneas went to the shops occasionally—but I am terrifically grateful I had them, all the same.The benefits are many. Having a basic grounding in Latin makes learning Romance languages a doddle(轻而易举的事): the fact that I speak English plus three others has less to do with any genetic predisposition—I was hopeless at learning Russian—than with an understanding of the root andprovenanceof Latin-derived words.It would be impossible to have asmatteringof Latin and find oneself stuck in Italy, provided one managed to persuade the speaker to slow down a bit. And the reason I can (arguably) just about string a sentence together in English—which isn"t my first language—has a great deal to do with understanding, through Latin, the way sentences and grammar work.Latin also has its own pleasing internal logic: you follow the rules and you get the answer. And I really believe that if you know Latin, you half-speak French already. The British used not to be appalling at languages: my theory is that they only became so during the past century, when Latin stopped being widely taught.Detractors (恶意批评者) might point out that there is little use in learning a dead language. But Latin is not dead: it"s everywhere. It makes the kind of people who never use two short words when six big ones will dointelligible. It demystifies jargon and legalese. It helps with crosswords. It even forces those of us who are pathologically illogical to think logically every once in a while: I remember the pleasure I felt at school, during Latin translation, when I realized I could create order and sense out of apparent chaos.Really, Latin"s useful applications are manifold. Watching Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? a few weeks ago, I noticed that the question which felled the contestant would almost certainly not have stumped him had he had some Latin. Of all the possible answers, only one had a Latin root that echoed the question. From Cicero to Chris Tarrant in a few easy steps, you can"t say more modern or less dusty than that.31. The word "lamenting" underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. mournB. weepC. condoleD. grieve over32. As a teenager, the author ______.A. had a keen interest in LatinB. had never showed any interest in LatinC. quit soon after he took the Latin courseD. was satisfied with his or her Latin course33. The word "provenance" underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.A. originB. genesisC. headspringD. filiation34. In paragraph 3, the author believes that knowing a little about Latin helps one ______.A. to speak Italian betterB. to figure out what an Italian saysC. to understand Italian historyD. to make friends with Italians35. The word "a smattering" underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. a little knowledgeB. a lotC. plenty ofD. little knowledge36. According to paragraph 4, the British ______.A. have always been terrible in learning LatinB. used to be good at languages when Latin was taughtC. became good at languages when people stopped learning LatinD. used to be terrible in languages when Latin was taught37. One of the benefits to learn Latin is that ______.A. it makes it easier to learn some other languagesB. it helps a lot in learning RussianC. it helps to improve mental healthD. it helps the writer speak four tongues38. The word "intelligible" underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to ______.A. transpicuousB. explicitC. implicitD. detailed39. That Latin is not dead is shown by all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. some difficult technical words become easy to understandB. crossword puzzles become easy to be solvedC. some people become more logical in their way of thinkingD. some people become more self-confident40. The contestant could have won if he/she ______.A. had not been beaten by some legal wordsB. had known something about LatinC. had not been so eager to be a millionaireD. had asked the question about Cicero。
科研伦理与学术规范课作业习题全解(两份)
第一套第一部分测试题作业说明：无允许提交次数：1/1总分：9下列说法错误的是？（1/1分）所有的规范的评判都涉及到“善恶正邪”的价值判断伦理学已经从传统的以人为中心走向现代的以行为为中心现代伦理学主要关注以行为、准则、规范、义务规范则未必均是在道德层面上具有调整性正确答案:所有的规范的评判都涉及到“善恶正邪”的价值判断答案解析:单选.历史学大家章开沅先生讲：“什么是史学，史学是历史学者人格、良知和学识的结合，绝不是一个单纯的学习的过程。
”这告诉我们身为一名学术活动的参与者要恪守的科研伦理规范不包括？（1/1分）培养正确的科研道德品质以求真为科研活动的价值目标有务实的态度依从权势正确答案:依从权势答案解析:单选下列选项不属于违反学术规范行为的是？（1/1分）学术失范行为学术不端行为学术腐败学术水平低正确答案:学术水平低答案解析:单选哈佛模式下的引证规范的特点是？（1/1分）注释引证式插句式循环数字编码式MLA引用格式正确答案:插句式答案解析:单选在科学研究的伦理原则中，科技工作者应该坚持科学研究的客观性，杜绝蓄意的捏造、作假和对研究成果的曲解，指的是？（1/1分）诚信原则责任原则审慎原则公平原则正确答案:诚信原则答案解析:单选.关于科研伦理规则的起源，下列说法错误的是？（1/1分）科研伦理规范出现最初起源于工业化生产不断扩大，科学研究的职业化社会分工的专业化促使科研领域的伦理规则逐渐引起人们的关注最早的科研伦理规范主要应用于医学实验二十世纪初期，科研伦理规范进入蓬勃发展时期，各国纷纷就科研伦理达成了一些共识，乃至起草了相关国际公约正确答案:二十世纪初期，科研伦理规范进入蓬勃发展时期，各国纷纷就科研伦理达成了一些共识，乃至起草了相关国际公约答案解析:多选为什么要培养学生从事科研与学术的“底线意识”？下列说法正确的是？（1/1分）有助于学生规避学术风险有助于缩短我国与发达国家质检科研严谨度的差距有助于建设好科研伦理与学术规范学科体系有助于将所有学生都培养成具有创造性成果的科学家正确答案:有助于学生规避学术风险有助于缩短我国与发达国家质检科研严谨度的差距有助于建设好科研伦理与学术规范学科体系答案解析:无多选请选择您认为正确的答案？（1/1分）精确、高效、责任是科研诚信基本要求的应有之义论文写作规范是技术性的学术规范的重要内容建立学术规范的终极目的是保护科研活动参与者独创的智力劳动成果，确保知识生产过程务实求真科研伦理与学术规范的建立除了约束科研活动和科研工作者，更重要的是为解决科研成果争议提供指导方针和处理原则正确答案:精确、高效、责任是科研诚信基本要求的应有之义论文写作规范是技术性的学术规范的重要内容建立学术规范的终极目的是保护科研活动参与者独创的智力劳动成果，确保知识生产过程务实求真科研伦理与学术规范的建立除了约束科研活动和科研工作者，更重要的是为解决科研成果争议提供指导方针和处理原则答案解析:多选科研伦理与学术规范应当秉持什么样的价值导向?（1/1分）迅速致富实事求是造福人类规范精简正确答案:实事求是造福人类规范精简答案解析:多选关于我国科研规范体系的建立，您认为正确的答案？（0/1分）由于我国科研体系发展比较晚，该领域的规范直到上个世纪九十年代才开始逐渐确立近些年来，各高校纷纷建立学术道德专门工作机构，制定、解释和评估学术道德方面的规定以及展开学术不端行为的调查答辩制度是检验科研质量，确保学术规范的制度之一我国在科研伦理与规范领域的研究主要是独创性的本土研究，欧美诸国的伦理规范与我国不兼容正确答案:由于我国科研体系发展比较晚，该领域的规范直到上个世纪九十年代才开始逐渐确立近些年来，各高校纷纷建立学术道德专门工作机构，制定、解释和评估学术道德方面的规定以及展开学术不端行为的调查答辩制度是检验科研质量，确保学术规范的制度之一答案解析:第二部分测试题作业说明：无允许提交次数：1/1总分：9单选就文献来源的交待而言，一般应包括以下几个文献要素？（1/1分）主要责任者+ 文献标题+页码+出版或发表事项主要责任者+ 文献标题+页码+唯一辨识符主要责任者+ 文献标题+出版或发表事项主要责任者+ 页码正确答案:主要责任者+ 文献标题+页码+出版或发表事项答案解析:单选.在提供和著录引文时，应该遵循以下哪些原则？①原则上使用原始文献，避免采用转引的方式；②引用以必要、适当为限；③引用不得改变或歪曲被引内容的原貌原义；④引用原则上使用最优或最新版本；⑤引用标注应该完整、准确地显示被引作品的相关信息；⑥引用网络资源应该慎重，引用信息包括相关的时间信息。
科研伦理与学术规范期末参考答案！
科研伦理与学术规范期末参考答案！2021/4/18 更新~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~科研伦理与学术规范期末参考答案浏览器可以直接ctrl+F快速查询哦~转载以备⽤学习其他学年应该也差不多有错误请评论区指正，⼤家⼀起交流~科研伦理与学术规范引论试题1、下列说法错误的是？A、所有的规范的评判都涉及到“善恶正邪”的价值判断B、伦理学已经从传统的以⼈为中⼼⾛向现代的以⾏为为中⼼C、现代伦理学主要关注以⾏为、准则、规范、义务D、规范则未必均是在道德层⾯上具有调整性参考答案：A2、哈佛模式下的引证规范的特点是？A、注释引证式B、插句式C、循环数字编码式D、MLA引⽤格式参考答案：B3、关于科研伦理和学术规范的描述不正确的是？A、科研伦理主要研究科研活动者与合作者、受试者、受科研活动影响者以及外部环境之间的关系B、学术规范从科研伦理衍⽣，但已经具有超出价值判断的规范意义C、建⽴学术规范的⽬的提⾼整个知识⽣产的效率和质量D、在具体学术规范尚未触及的空⽩，科研伦理原则对科研⼯作者仅仅具有道德约束作⽤参考答案：D4、下列选项不属于违反学术规范⾏为的是？A、学术失范⾏为B、学术不端⾏为C、学术腐败D、学术⽔平低参考答案：D5、在科学研究的伦理原则中，科技⼯作者应该坚持科学研究的客观性，杜绝蓄意的捏造、作假和对研究成果的曲解，指的是？A、诚信原则B、责任原则C、审慎原则D、公平原则参考答案：A6、关于科研伦理规则的起源，下列说法错误的是？A、科研伦理规范出现最初起源于⼯业化⽣产不断扩⼤，科学研究的职业化B、社会分⼯的专业化促使科研领域的伦理规则逐渐引起⼈们的关注C、最早的科研伦理规范主要应⽤于医学实验D、⼆⼗世纪初期，科研伦理规范进⼊蓬勃发展时期，各国纷纷就科研伦理达成了⼀些共识，乃⾄起草了相关国际公约参考答案：D7、为什么要培养学⽣从事科研与学术的“底线意识”？下列说法正确的是？A、有助于学⽣规避学术风险B、有助于缩短我国与发达国家质检科研严谨度的差距C、有助于建设好科研伦理与学术规范学科体系D、有助于将所有学⽣都培养成具有创造性成果的科学家参考答案：ABC8、请选择您认为正确的答案？A、精确、⾼效、责任是科研诚信基本要求的应有之义B、论⽂写作规范是技术性的学术规范的重要内容C、建⽴学术规范的终极⽬的是保护科研活动参与者独创的智⼒劳动成果，确保知识⽣产过程务实求真D、科研伦理与学术规范的建⽴除了约束科研活动和科研⼯作者，更重要的是为解决科研成果争议提供指导⽅针和处理原则参考答案：ABCD9、关于我国科研规范体系的建⽴，您认为正确的答案？A、由于我国科研体系发展⽐较晚，该领域的规范直到上个世纪九⼗年代才开始逐渐确⽴B、近些年来，各⾼校纷纷建⽴学术道德专门⼯作机构，制定、解释和评估学术道德⽅⾯的规定以及展开学术不端⾏为的调查C、答辩制度是检验科研质量，确保学术规范的制度之⼀D、我国在科研伦理与规范领域的研究主要是独创性的本⼟研究，欧美诸国的伦理规范与我国不兼容参考答案：ABC10、科研伦理与学术规范应当秉持什么样的价值导向？A、迅速致富B、实事求是C、造福⼈类D、规范精简参考答案：BCD2.引注规范及其盲区引注规范及其盲区试题1、以下说法正确的是？A、如何评价论⽂是否优良，除了⽆法量化的同⾏评议以外，⼀项值得争议但是相对合理的指标就是引⽤率B、PUBLISH OR PERISH，科研⾄上是绝对正确的价值导向C、引注的⽬的是炫耀⾃⼰的⽂采，展⽰⾃⼰寒窗苦读的阅读功底D、引注时，对学术⼤家的尊重更甚于追根溯源，引⽤原始⽂献的重要性参考答案：A2、就⽂献来源的交待⽽⾔，⼀般应包括以下⼏个⽂献要素？A、主要责任者+ ⽂献标题+页码+出版或发表事项B、主要责任者+ ⽂献标题+页码+唯⼀辨识符C、主要责任者+ ⽂献标题+出版或发表事项D、主要责任者+ 页码参考答案：A3、请选择您认为错误的答案？A、出版或发表事项包括⽂献的出版地、出版社、发表者、颁布者、产⽣者、版次和出版时间等B、引注的最终⽬的在于让读者能精确定位，很容易查找到相关的⽂献，并予以核实C、注释主要包括释义性注释和引⽂注释D、在提供和著录引⽂时，不允许引⽤原著者之前的引⽂参考答案：D4、将作者的权威性与作品的权威性混同的表现有？A、⼀味引⽤权威作者的作品，不管其作品是否权威B、不加引号，直接引⽤他⼈的原⽂C、引⽤他⼈的观点，原则上需要全⽂改写加引注D、断章取义，曲解权威⼈物的⾔论参考答案：A5、下列哪个是国家质量监督检验检疫总局和中国标准化管理委员会发布的现⾏参考⽂献标注标准？A、《信息与⽂献参考⽂献著录规则》B、《科技学术期刊编排规则》C、《APA格式——国际社会科学学术写作规范⼿册》D、《中国⾼校⾃然科学学报编排规范》参考答案：A6、在提供和著录引⽂时，应该遵循以下哪些原则？①原则上使⽤原始⽂献，避免采⽤转引的⽅式；②引⽤以必要、适当为限；③引⽤不得改变或歪曲被引内容的原貌原义；④引⽤原则上使⽤最优或最新版本；⑤引⽤标注应该完整、准确地显⽰被引作品的相关信息；⑥引⽤⽹络资源应该慎重，引⽤信息包括相关的时间信息。
科研写作与发表
— 科研人员：没有论著发表，职业生涯将难以为继
There are three necessary steps in useful research： the first to
begin it, the second to end it and the third to publish it.
科技论文的撰写与发表
王 应 宽
北京大学 博士 《农业工程学报》 副主编 《农业工程技术》 执行主编 地址：北京朝阳区麦子店街41号 Email: wangyk@ wangyingkuan@
主要参阅资料
1. 任胜利. 英语科技论文撰写与投稿
— 以上3项条件应全部具备方可成为作者; 作者的排列 顺序应由所有作者共同决定; 每位作者都应该能够就论 文的全部内容向公众负责
Who is the first author?
论文的执笔人或主要撰写者应该是第一作者；
贡献相同作者的表达：
— 共同第一作者,
— 通讯作者(To whom correspondence should be addressed / Correspondence author),
文章主体结构
以上这4个问题在论文中有固定的格式来阐述和回答，即论文的 IMRAD结构：引言（Introduction)、材料与方法（Materials and methods)、结果（Results)和讨论（Discussion) 。
篇前部分与篇尾部分
题名（Title)、摘要（Abstract)、关键词（Key words)、致谢 （Acknowledgements)和参考文献（References)，构成一篇完整论文。
科研伦理与学术规范课作业习题全解
作业说明：无 允许提交次数：1/1 总分：9下列说法错误的是？（1/1 分）C 所有的规范的评判都涉及到“善恶正邪”的价值判断r 伦理学已经从传统的以人为现代伦理学主要关注以行为、准则、规范、义务 r 规范 则未必均是在道德层面上具有调整性正确答案：所有的规范的评判都涉及到“善恶正邪”的价值判断 答案解析：单选.历史学大家章开沅先生讲：“什么是史学，史学是历史学者人格、良知和学识 的结合，绝不是一个单纯的学习的过程。
”这告诉我们身为一名学术活动的参与者要恪守的 科研伦理规范不包括？ （1/1 分）厂 培养正确的科研道德品质厂 以求真为科研活动的价值目标厂 有务实的态度c 依 从权势 正确答案：依从权势 答案解析：单选下列选项不属于违反学术规范行为的是？（1/1 分）c 学术失范行为广学术不端行为r 学术腐败广学术水平低正确答案：学术水平低 答案解析：单选哈佛模式下的引证规范的特点是？（1/1 分）L 注释引证式C 插句式「循环数字编码式；广MLA 引用格式 正确答案：插句式 答案解析：单选在科学研究的伦理原则中，科技工作者应该坚持科学研究的客观性，杜绝蓄意 的捏造、作假和对研究成果的曲解，指的是？ （1/1 分）诚信原则责任原则审慎原则公平原则正确答案：诚信原则 答案解析：单选.关于科研伦理规则的起源，下列说法错误的是？（1/1 分）r 科研伦理规范出现最初起源于工业化生产不断扩大，科学研究的职业化厂 社会分工的第一套 第一部分测试题中心走向现代的以行为为中心卡专业化促使科研领域的伦理规则逐渐引起人们的关注r 最早的科研伦理规范主要应用于医学实验二十世纪初期，科研伦理规范进入蓬勃发展时期，各国纷纷就科研伦理达成了一些共识，乃至起草了相关国际公约正确答案：二十世纪初期，科研伦理规范进入蓬勃发展时期，各国纷纷就科研伦理达成了一些共识，乃至起草了相关国际公约答案解析：多选为什么要培养学生从事科研与学术的“底线意识”？下列说法正确的是？（i/i 分）厂有助于学生规避学术风险匸有助于缩短我国与发达国家质检科研严谨度的差距厂有助于建设好科研伦理与学术规范学科体系有助于将所有学生都培养成具有创造性成果的科学家正确答案：有助于学生规避学术风险有助于缩短我国与发达国家质检科研严谨度的差距有助于建设好科研伦理与学术规范学科体系答案解析：无多选请选择您认为正确的答案？（i/i 分）厂精确、高效、责任是科研诚信基本要求的应有之义匚论文写作规范是技术性的学术规范的重要内容匚建立学术规范的终极目的是保护科研活动参与者独创的智力劳动成果，确保知识生产过程务实求真科研伦理与学术规范的建立除了约束科研活动和科研工作者,更重要的是为解决科研成果争议提供指导方针和处理原则正确答案：精确、高效、责任是科研诚信基本要求的应有之义论文写作规范是技术性的学术规范的重要内容建立学术规范的终极目的是保护科研活动参与者独创的智力劳动成果，确保知识生产过程务实求真科研伦理与学术规范的建立除了约束科研活动和科研工作者，更重要的是为解决科研成果争议提供指导方针和处理原则答案解析：多选科研伦理与学术规范应当秉持什么样的价值导向（i/i 分）厂迅速致富厂实事求是厂造福人类厂规范精简正确答案：实事求是造福人类规范精简答案解析：多选关于我国科研规范体系的建立，您认为正确的答案?（0/1 分）二1由于我国科研体系发展比较晚，该领域的规范直到上个世纪九十年代才开始逐渐确立近些年来，各高校纷纷建立学术道德专门工作机构，制定、解释和评估学术道德方面的规定以及展开学术不端行为的调查答辩制度是检验科研质量，确保学术规范的制度之一我国在科研伦理与规范领域的研究主要是独创性的本土研究，欧美诸国的伦理规范与我国不兼容正确答案：由于我国科研体系发展比较晚，该领域的规范直到上个世纪九十年代才开始逐渐确立近些年来，各高校纷纷建立学术道德专门工作机构，制定、解释和评估学术道德方面的规定以及展开学术不端行为的调查答辩制度是检验科研质量，确保学术规范的制度之一答案解析：第二部分测试题作业说明：无允许提交次数：1/1总分：9单选就文献来源的交待而言，一般应包括以下几个文献要素？（1/1 分）0 主要责任者+文献标题+页码+出版或发表事项U 主要责任者+文献标题+页码+唯一■辨识符C 主要责任者+文献标题+出版或发表事项U 主要责任者+页码正确答案：主要责任者+文献标题+页码+出版或发表事项答案解析：单选•在提供和著录引文时，应该遵循以下哪些原则？①原则上使用原始文献，避免采用转引的方式；②引用以必要、适当为限；③引用不得改变或歪曲被引内容的原貌原义；④引用原则上使用最优或最新版本；⑤引用标注应该完整、准确地显示被引作品的相关信息；⑥引用网络资源应该慎重，引用信息包括相关的时间信息。
科研伦理与学术规范2022题库
科研伦理与学术规范2022题库1.多选题（2分）为什么要培养学生从事科研与学术的“底线意识”？下列说法正确的是？（A）有助于学生规避学术风险（B）有助于缩短我国与发达国家质检科研严谨度的差距（C）有助于建设好科研伦理与学术规范学科体系（D）有助于将所有学生都培养成具有创造性成果的科学家答案：ABC2.单选题（1分）下列说法错误的是？（A）所有的规范的评判都涉及到善恶正邪的价值判断（B）伦理学已经从传统的以人为中心走向现代的以行为为中心（C）现代伦理学主要关注以行为、准则、规范、义务（D）规范则未必均是在道德层面上具有调整性答案：A3.单选题（1分）哈佛模式下的引证规范的特点是？（A）注释引证式（B）插句式（C）循环数字编码式（D）MLA引用格式答案：B4.单选题（1分）关于科研伦理和学术规范的描述不正确的是？（A）科研伦理主要研究科研活动者与合、受试者、受科研活动影响者以及外部环境之间的关系（B）学术规范从科研伦理衍生，但已经具有超出价值判断的规范意义（C）建立学术规范的目的提高整个知识生产的效率和质量（D）在具体学术规范尚未触及的空白，科研伦理原则对科研工仅仅具有道德约束作用。
答案：D5.多选题（2分）请选择您认为正确的答案？（A）精确、高效、责任是科研诚信基本要求的应有之义（B）论文写作规范是技术性的学术规范的重要内容（C）建立学术规范的终极目的是保护科研活动参与者独创的智力劳动成果，确保知识生产过程务实求真（D）科研伦理与学术规范的建立除了约束科研活动和科研工，更重要的是为解决科研成果争议提供指导方针和处理原则答案：ABCD6.多选题（2分）关于我国科研规范体系的建立，您认为正确的答案？（A）由于我国科研体系发展比较晚，该领域的规范直到上个世纪九十年代才开始逐渐确立（B）近些年来，各高校纷纷建立学术道德专门工作机构，制定、解释和评估学术道德方面的规定以及展开学术不端行为的调查（C）答辩制度是检验科研质量，确保学术规范的制度之一（D）我国在科研伦理与规范领域的研究主要是独创性的本土研究，欧美诸国的伦理规范与我国不兼容答案：ABC7.单选题（1分）下列选项不属于违反学术规范行为的是？（A）学术失范行为（B）学术不端行为（C）学术腐败（D）学术水平低答案：D8.单选题（1分）在科学研究的伦理原则中，科技工应该坚持科学研究的客观性，杜绝蓄意的捏造、作假和对研究成果的曲解，指的是？（A）诚信原则（B）责任原则（C）审慎原则（D）公平原则答案：A9.多选题2（分）科研伦理和学术规范应该坚持什么样的价值取向？（A）迅速致富（B）实事求是（C）造福人类（D）规范精简答案：BCD10.单选题（1分）关于科研伦理与学术规范的价值目标，关于“求美”的含义下列说法错误的是？（A）求美是对科研活动形式价值的追求（B）求美强调要规范简练（C）求美体现了科研伦理与学术规范的目的价值（D）当求美的价值准则与求真的价值追求出现园龋之时，适当的舍弃对科研活动形式价值的追求，也是允许的答案：C11.单选题（1分）关于科研伦理规则的起源，下列哪种说法是错误的？（A）科研伦理规范出现最初起源于工业化生产不断扩大，科学研究的职业化（B）社会分工的专业化促使科研领域的伦理规则逐渐引起人们的关注（C）最早的科研伦理规范主要应用于医学实验（D）二十世纪初期，科研伦理规范进入蓬勃发展时期，各国纷纷就科研伦理达成了一些共识，乃至起草了相关国际公约。
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Published or Perish
Now, many universities require each graduate student to have at least one paper published before getting the master's degree. They say this is a good way to evaluate the graduate students. In my opinion, I completely agree with the opinion. As a student, I think everyone in the school should work hard to and publish paper.
paper publishing is a reflection and also a standard of students' academic performance and social capabilities. The school can weight how excellent students' academic abilities are and how is the performance of execution and communication kept by the students by using this way. It can be a typical new and effective way for school to select talented person besides the traditional way.
Paper publishing is good for us. we can get an additional way to prove our abilities by paper publishing, it prove us if we are not good at examinations but research and execution. What's more, we can have an opportunity to be prepared for the learning process and pattern of graduate school.
we can easily draw a conclusion that it is beneficial for universities to require us to have at least one paper published before getting the master's degree. I think the school may have a wider and more comprehensive way to evaluate us.。