目的论指导下TED演讲
TED演讲技巧18分钟改变世界16页
如何让你的演讲打动人心？
1.值得传播的观点 2.从为什么开始
如何从TED中学习？
1. 捕捉演讲者内容的精髓，分析其如何构思并表达 2. 注意演讲者的措辞、提问的频率以及演讲者的语调 3. 关注各种设计元素，包括幻灯片、视频及道具的运用
04-把握关键 03-编排故事
02-构思讲稿 01-确定主题
06.善用工具
用与不用的艺术
幻灯片，并非决定演讲成败的关键 视频、吸引观众注意还是令观众分心 道具，让演讲更精彩 讲台，不要让它成为你与观众的障碍
07.其他准备
优秀的演讲重视每一个 细节来自在演讲台上“穿出成功” 有信仰，还要活出热情 用心练习、认真准备，你一定能摆脱恐惧 用精心准备的开场，给观众留下深刻印象 让你的演讲“病毒式传播”
改变 是时候做出
了
18分钟,用你的演讲改变世界
•
感 谢 阅
读感 谢 阅 读
1.演讲内容打动人心的秘密
01.确定主题
明确你要“传播的观点” 和你的“角色定位”
你一定有“值得分享”的观点 决定你的演讲角色“定位” 提出一个“行动导向”的问题 专注于传播“一个”观点 与观众建立“情感联系” 讨论你“熟悉与热爱”的话题 演讲的目的是“给予”
02.构思讲稿
观点是脊柱，论点是肋 骨，论据是血肉
讲故事还是讲道理 用“清晰的逻辑”推进观点的展开 找到故事与观点的“最佳结合点” 有效触发情感反应的“例证方式” “演绎推理”是论证非传统观点的利器
03.编排故事
“英雄之旅”是最基础 的故事讲述模式
讲述“亲身经历”或“亲自观察”的故事 使用“英雄之旅”的模式 通过“外貌与对话”让人物变得鲜活 借助“时间、地点和氛围”进行情景设定 个人情感与逻辑推理的“最佳结合点”
ted演讲稿范文4篇_演讲稿
ted演讲稿范文4篇i was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the p.o. box at the end of the day, and that was mainly because my mother has never believed in email, in facebook, in texting or cell phones in general. and so while other kids were bbm-ing their parents, i was literally waiting by the mailbox to get a letter from home to see how the weekend had gone, which was a little frustrating when grandma was in the hospital, but i was just looking for some sort of scribble, some unkempt cursive from my mother.and so when i moved to new york city after college and got completely sucker-punched in the face by depression, i did the only thing i could think of at the time. i wrote those same kinds of letters that my mother had written me for strangers, and tucked them all throughout the city, dozens and dozens of them.i left them everywhere, in cafes and in libraries, at the u.n., everywhere. i blogged about those letters and the days when they were necessary, and i posed a kind of crazy promise to the internet: that if you asked me for a hand-written letter, i would write you one, no questions asked. overnight, my inbox 1 / 42morphed into this harbor of heartbreak -- a single mother in sacramento, a girl being bullied in rural kansas, all asking me, a 22-year-old girl who barely even knew her own coffee order, to write them a love letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.well, today i fuel a global organization that is fueled by those trips to the mailbox, fueled by the ways in which we can harness social media like never before to write and mail strangers letters when they need them most, but most of all, fueled by crates of mail like this one, my trusty mail crate, filled with the scriptings of ordinary people, strangers writing letters to other strangers not because they're ever going to meet and laugh over a cup of coffee, but because they have found one another by way of letter-writing.but, you know, the thing that always gets me about these letters is that most of them have been written by people that have never known themselves loved on a piece of paper. they could not tell you about the ink of their own love letters. they're the ones from my generation, the ones of us that have grown up into a world where everything is paperless, and where some of our best conversations have happened upon a screen. we 2 / 42have learned to diary our pain onto facebook, and we speak swiftly in 140 characters or less.but what if it's not about efficiency this time? i was on the subway yesterday with this mail crate, which is a conversation starter, let me tell you. if you ever need one, just carry one of these. (laughter) and a man just stared at me, and he was like, "well, why don't you use the internet?" and i thought, "well, sir, i am not a strategist, nor am i specialist. i am merely a storyteller." and so i could tell you about a woman whose husband has just come home from afghanistan, and she is having a hard time unearthing this thing called conversation, and so she tucks love letters throughout the house as a way to say, "come back to me. find me when you can." or a girl who decides that she is going to leave love letters around her campus in dubuque, iowa, only to find her efforts ripple-effected the next day when she walks out onto the quad and finds love letters hanging from the trees, tucked in the bushes and the benches. or the man who decides that he is going to take his life, uses facebook as a way to say goodbye to friends and family. well, tonight he sleeps safely with a stack of letters just like this one tucked beneath his pillow, 3 / 42scripted by strangers who were there for him when.these are the kinds of stories that convinced me that letter-writing will never again need to flip back her hair and talk about efficiency, because she is an art form now, all the parts of her, the signing, the scripting, the mailing, the doodles in the margins. the mere fact that somebody would even just sit down, pull out a piece of paper and think about someone the whole way through, with an intention that is so much harder to unearth when the browser is up and the iphone is pinging and we've got six conversations rolling in at once, that is an art form that does not fall down to the goliath of "get faster," no matter how many social networks we might join. we still clutch close these letters to our chest, to the words that speak louder than loud, when we turn pages into palettes to say the things that we have needed to say, the words that we have needed to write, to sisters and brothers and even to strangers, for far too long. thank you. (applause) (applause)TED英语演讲稿：让我们来谈谈死亡ted演讲稿范文（2） | 简介：我们无法控制死亡的到来，但也许我们可以选择用何种态度来面对它。
莱温斯基ted经典演讲稿中英文版
莱温斯基(Ted)经典演讲稿（中英文版）Introduction莱温斯基（Ted）是一位备受瞩目的演讲家和领导者，他以他的演讲能力和深入的见解而闻名于世。
他的演讲风格充满激情和力量，能够深入人心，并启发观众。
以下是莱温斯基经典演讲稿的中英文版本。
Ted经典演讲稿（中文版）标题：挑战自我，追求卓越大家好，我感到非常荣幸能够站在这个讲台上与大家分享我的经验和观点。
我曾经历过很多困难和挫折，但正是这些经历塑造了我成为今天的自己。
我们每个人都有追求卓越的欲望，但往往在面对困难和逆境时，我们会放弃自己的梦想。
但事实上，只有通过挑战自我，我们才能够发现自己的潜力和实现我们的目标。
我的人生经历告诉我，成功的关键在于如何应对挑战和逆境。
我们不能逃避困难，而是要积极面对，尽力克服它们。
只有当我们不断挑战自我，突破自己的舒适区，我们才能够成长和取得更大的成功。
我们每个人都有不同的才能和激情，但只有通过不断努力和坚持，我们才能够将这些潜力转化为卓越的成就。
我们要明确自己的目标，并制定合理的计划和策略，为达到目标而努力奋斗。
面对困难时，我们要坚持乐观的心态。
困难并不能击败我们，只有我们自己能够决定是否放弃。
我们要相信自己的能力，坚持自己的梦想。
即使失败了，我们也要从中学习并继续前进。
最后，我希望鼓励大家，在追求卓越的道路上不断挑战自我。
面对困难和逆境时，不要害怕失败，而是要相信自己的能力，坚持奋斗。
只有这样，我们才能够获得真正的成功和满足感。
Ted Classic Speech (English Version)Title: Embrace the Challenge, Pursue ExcellenceHello everyone, I feel incredibly honored to stand on this podium and share my experiences and perspectives with all of you. I have gone through many difficulties and setbacks, but it is these experiences that shaped me into who I am today.We all have the desire to pursue excellence, but often, when faced with challenges and adversities, we give up on our dreams. However, the truth is, it isonly through challenging ourselves that we can discover our potential and achieve our goals.My life experiences have taught me that the key to success lies in how we handle challenges and adversities. We cannot avoid difficulties, but instead, we should face them head-on and strive to overcome them. Only when we constantly challenge ourselves and push beyond our comfort zones can we grow and achieve greater success.Each one of us has different talents and passions, but it is only through continuous effort and perseverance that we can turn these potentials into outstanding achievements. We need to clarify our goals and develop reasonable plans and strategies to work towards them.In the face of difficulties, we should mntn an optimistic mindset. Difficulties cannot defeat us; it is only ourselves who can decide whether to give up or not. We should believe in our abilities and persist in pursuing our dreams. Even in the face of flure, we should learn from it and keep moving forward.Lastly, I want to encourage everyone to constantly challenge themselves in the pursuit of excellence. Do not fear flure when faced with difficulties and adversities;instead, believe in your abilities and persevere. Only then can we achieve true success and fulfillment.Conclusion莱温斯基的演讲意味深长，他鼓励我们要不断挑战自我，追求卓越。
TED演讲稿大全
TED演讲稿大全ted精彩演讲：坠机让我学到的三件事imagineabigexplosionasyouclimbthrough3,000ft.imagineapl anefullofsmoke.imagineanenginegoingclack,clack,clack,clack,clack,clack,clack.itsoundsscary.想像一个大爆炸，当你在三千多英尺的高空；想像机舱内布满黑烟，想像引擎发出喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦、喀啦的声响，听起来很可怕。
wellihadauniqueseatthatday.iwassittingin1d.iwastheonlyone whocantalktotheflightattendants.soilookedatthemrightaway,andtheysaid,noproblem.we probablyhitsomebirds.t hepilothadalreadyturnedtheplanearound,andwewerentthatfar.yo ucouldseemanhattan.那天我的位置很特别，我坐在1d，我是唯一可以和空服员说话的人，于是我立刻看着他们，他们说，“没问题，我们可能撞上鸟了。
”机长已经把机头转向，我们离目的地很近，已经可以看到曼哈顿了。
twominuteslater,3thingshappenedatthesametime.thepilotlin esuptheplanewiththehudsonriver.thatsusuallynottheroute.heturnsofftheengines.nowimagin ebeinginaplanewithn osound.andthenhesays3words-themostunemotional3wordsiveeverheard.hesays,braceforim pact.两分钟以后，三件事情同时发生：机长把飞机对齐哈德逊河，一般的航道可不是这样。
ted最受欢迎的25个演讲稿
ted最受欢迎的25个演讲稿TED 最受欢迎的 25 个演讲稿TED 演讲作为全球知名的思想分享平台，汇聚了来自各个领域的杰出人物，他们通过精彩的演讲，传递着深刻的见解、创新的理念和感人的故事。
以下为您介绍其中最受欢迎的 25 个演讲稿：1、《学校如何扼杀创造力》（Ken Robinson）肯·罗宾逊在这个演讲中深刻地指出了传统教育体制对创造力的扼杀。
他强调，创造力如同人的智力一样重要，而我们的教育系统往往更注重学术成绩，而忽视了培养学生的创造力。
2、《脆弱的力量》（Brené Brown）布琳·布朗探讨了脆弱的力量。
她认为，敢于展现脆弱并非弱点，而是一种勇气和连接人与人的关键。
3、《肢体语言塑造你自己》（Amy Cuddy）艾米·卡迪通过研究表明，肢体语言不仅能反映我们的内心状态，还能反过来塑造我们的心态和表现。
4、《伟大的领导者如何激励行动》（Simon Sinek）西蒙·斯涅克提出了“黄金圈法则”，解释了伟大的领导者是如何从“为什么”开始，激励人们采取行动的。
5、《内向性格的力量》（Susan Cain）苏珊·凯恩为内向者发声，她认为内向并非缺陷，而是一种独特的力量，社会应该给予内向者更多的理解和空间。
6、《我们为什么快乐》（Dan Gilbert）丹·吉尔伯特探讨了人类的快乐机制，他指出我们对于快乐的预测往往是不准确的，而适应和心理免疫系统在其中起着重要作用。
7、《你的记忆怎样欺骗了你》（Elizabeth Loftus）伊丽莎白·洛夫特斯揭示了记忆的不可靠性，以及外界因素如何影响和扭曲我们的记忆。
8、《用游戏创造一个更美好的世界》（Jane McGonigal）简·麦戈尼格尔阐述了游戏的积极作用，以及如何利用游戏来解决现实世界的问题，创造更美好的未来。
9、《成功的 8 个秘诀》（Richard St John）理查德·圣约翰总结了多年研究得出的成功的 8 个秘诀，这些秘诀涵盖了坚持、热情、努力等多个方面。
TED英语演讲稿优秀范文五篇
TED英语演讲稿优秀范文五篇在（英语学习）的过程，大家想要尽可能的提高英语水平的话，进行英语演讲不仅是对自己的一种气场胆量的锻炼，同时也是对自己英语水平提高的好办法，下面是给大家整理的TED（英语（演讲稿））优秀（范文）五篇，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
↓▼↓更多“英英语演讲稿1The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows: women systematically underestimate their own abilities. If you test men and women, and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs, men get it wrong slightly high, and women get it wrong slightly low. Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce. A study in the last two years of people entering the workforce out of college showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess, are negotiating their first salary, and only seven percent of women. And most importantly, men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors. If you ask men why they did a good job,theyll say, Im awesome. Obviously. Why are you even asking? If you ask women why they did a good job, what theyll say is someone helped them, they got lucky, they worked really hard.英语演讲稿2Why does this matter? Boy, it matters a lot. Because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table, and no one gets the promotion if they dont think they deserve their success, or they dont even understand their own success.I wish the answer were easy. I wish I could go tell all the young women I work for, these fabulous women,Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success. I wish I could tell that to my daughter. But its not that simple. Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing, which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. And everyones nodding, because we all know this to be true.Theres a really good study that shows this really well. Theres a famous Harvard Business School studyon a woman named Heidi Roizen. And shes an operator in a company in Silicon Valley, and she uses her contacts to become a very successful venture capitalist.英语演讲稿3In 20_ — not so long ago — a professor who was then at Columbia University took that case and made it [Howard] Roizen. And he gave the case out, both of them, to two groups of students. He changed exactly one word: Heidi to Howard. But that one word made a really big difference. He then surveyed the students, and the good news was the students, both men and women, thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent, and thats good.The bad news was that everyone likedHoward. Hes a great guy. You want to work for him. You want to spend the day fishing with him. But Heidi? Not so sure. Shes a little out for herself. Shes a little political.Youre not sure youd want to work for her. This is the complication. We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues, we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A, to reach for the promotion, to sit at the table, and we have to do it in a world where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that, even though for their brothers, there are not. The saddest thing about all of this is that its really hard to remember this. And Im about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me, but I think important.英语演讲稿4I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago to about 100 employees, and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there sitting outside my little desk, and she wanted to talk to me. I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked. And she said, I learned something today. I learned that I need to keep my hand up. What do you mean?She said, Youre giving this talk, and you said you would take two more questions. I had my hand up with many other people, and you took two more questions. I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women did the same, and then you took more questions, only from the men. And I thought to myself,Wow, if its me — who cares about this, obviously — giving this talk — and during this talk.英语演讲稿5I cant even notice that the mens hands are still raised, and the womens hands are still raised, how good are we as managers of our companies and our organizations at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunitiesmore than women? Weve got to get women to sit at the table.Message number two: Make your partner a real partner. Ive become convinced that weve made more progress in the workforce than we have in the home. The data shows this very clearly. If a woman and a man work full-time and have a child, the woman does twice the amount of housework the man does, and the woman does three times the amount of childcare the man does. So shes got three jobs or two jobs, and hes got one. Who do you think drops out when someone needs to be home more? The causes of this are really complicated, and I dont have time to go into them. And I dont think Sunday football-watching and general laziness is the cause.。
ted演讲稿范文4篇_演讲稿
ted演讲稿范文4篇_演讲稿ted演讲稿范文4篇i was one of the only kids in college who had a reason to go to the p.o. box at the end of the day, and that was mainly because my mother has never believed in email, in facebook, in texting or cell phones in general. and so while other kids were bbm-ing their parents, i was literally waiting by the mailbox to get a letter from home to see how the weekend had gone, which was a little frustrating when grandma was in the hospital, but i was just looking for some sort of scribble, some unkempt cursive from my mother.and so when i moved to new york city after college and got completely sucker-punched in the face by depression, i did the only thing i could think of at the time. i wrote those same kinds of letters that my mother had written me for strangers, and tucked them all throughout the city, dozens and dozens of them.i left them everywhere, in cafes and in libraries, at the u.n., everywhere. i blogged about those letters and the days when they were necessary, and i posed a kind of crazy promise to the internet: that if you asked me for a hand-written letter, i would write you one, no questions asked. overnight, my inbox 1 / 42 morphed into this harbor of heartbreak -- a single mother in sacramento, a girl being bullied in rural kansas, all asking me, a 22-year-old girl who barely even knew her own coffee order, to write them a love letter and give them a reason to wait by the mailbox.well, today i fuel a global organization that is fueled by those trips to the mailbox, fueled by the ways in which we can harness social media like never before to write and mail strangers letterswhen they need them most, but most of all, fueled by crates of mail like this one, my trusty mail crate, filled with the scriptings of ordinary people, strangers writing letters to other strangers not because they're ever going to meet and laugh over a cup of coffee, but because they have found one another by way of letter-writing.but, you know, the thing that always gets me about these letters is that most of them have been written by people that have never known themselves loved on a piece of paper. they could not tell you about the ink of their own love letters. they're the ones from my generation, the ones of us that have grown up into a world where everything is paperless, and where some of our best conversations have happened upon a screen. we 2 / 42 have learned to diary our pain onto facebook, and we speak swiftly in 140 characters or less.but what if it's not about efficiency this time? i was on the subway yesterday with this mail crate, which is a conversation starter, let me tell you. if you ever need one, just carry one of these. (laughter) and a man just stared at me, and he was like, "well, why don't you use the internet?" and i thought, "well, sir, i am not a strategist, nor am i specialist. i am merely a storyteller." and so i could tell you about a woman whose husband has just come home from afghanistan, and she is having a hard time unearthing this thing called conversation, and so she tucks love letters throughout the house as a way to say, "come back to me. find me when you can." or a girl who decides that she is going to leave love letters around her campus in dubuque, iowa, only to find her efforts ripple-effected the next day when she walks out onto the quad and finds love letters hanging from the trees, tucked in the bushes and the benches. or the man who decidesthat he is going to take his life, uses facebook as a way to say goodbye to friends and family. well, tonight he sleeps safely witha stack of letters just like this one tucked beneath his pillow, 3 /42scripted by strangers who were there for him when.these are the kinds of stories that convinced me that letter-writing will never again need to flip back her hair and talk about efficiency, because she is an art form now, all the parts of her, the signing, the scripting, the mailing, the doodles in the margins. the mere fact that somebody would even just sit down, pull out a piece of paper and think about someone the whole way through, with an intention that is so much harder to unearth when the browser is up and the iphone is pinging and we've got six conversations rolling in at once, that is an art form that does not fall down to the goliath of "get faster," no matter how many social networks we might join. we still clutch close these letters to our chest, to the words that speak louder than loud, when we turn pages into palettes to say the things that we have needed to say, the words that we have needed to write, to sisters and brothers and even to strangers, for far too long. thank you. (applause) (applause)TED英语演讲稿：让我们来谈谈死亡ted演讲稿范文（2） | 简介：我们无法控制死亡的到来，但也许我们可以选择用何种态度来面对它。
ted经典演讲中英文
ted经典演讲中英文----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改----下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢迎您借鉴参考阅读和下载，侵删。
您的努力学习是为了更美好的未来！ted经典演讲一Hi. I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine.嗨。
我在这里要和大家谈谈向别人表达赞美，倾佩和谢意的重要性。
并使它们听来真诚，具体。
And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it. And I asked myself, why? I felt shy, I felt embarrassed. And then my question became, am I the only one who does this? So, I decided to investigate.之所以我对此感兴趣是因为我从我自己的成长中注意到几年前，当我想要对某个人说声谢谢时，当我想要赞美他们时，当我想接受他们对我的赞扬，但我却没有说出口。
我问我自己，这是为什么? 我感到害羞，我感到尴尬。
接着我产生了一个问题难道我是唯一一个这么做的人吗? 所以我决定做些探究。
I'm fortunate enough to work in the rehab facility, so I get to see people who are facing life and death with addiction. And sometimes it comes down to something as simple as, their core wound is their father died without ever saying he's proud of them. But then, they hear from all the family and friends that the father told everybody else that he was proud of him, but he never told the son. It's because he didn't know that his son needed to hear it.我非常幸运的在一家康复中心工作，所以我可以看到那些因为上瘾而面临生与死的人。
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目的论指导下TED演讲
作者：何世浩张轶前
来源：《卷宗》2016年第07期
摘要：随着TED演讲的传播，正引起越来越多的英语学习者的兴趣和关注。
与此同时，TED演讲的字幕汉译也引起越来越多翻译工作者的重视，本文将在目的论的指导下，结合Tim Urban的TED演讲《你有拖延症吗？》的字幕汉译中的译例，来讨论四种翻译方法：归化法、转换法、增补法和删减法。
关键词：目的论；《你有拖延症吗》；字幕汉译
1 TED演讲和《你有拖延症吗？》简述
TED 是technology（技术）、entertainment（娱乐）和design（设计）的首字母缩写。
TED大会是由理查德·温曼和哈里·马克思共同创办的，它的宗旨是“借思想之力，改变世界”，并邀请来自世界各地不同领域的成功人士来畅谈他们的想法和经历，传播好的思想。
从2002年TED有了自己的官网以后，便将不同领域的精英们的演讲高清视频发布到网上供人们自由传播。
由于TED演讲中的思想的确能够带给人们很多新的视角和启发，来自世界各地的演讲者的演讲风格都带有本地浓厚的文化色彩，风格幽默风趣，演讲气氛轻松活跃，所以受到了很多中国的英语学习者的兴趣和关注，具有很大的教育意义。
与此同时，TED演讲的字幕翻译
也越来越引起翻译工作者的重视，因为其演讲字幕翻译的质量直接影响到思想的传播。
翻译TED演讲的字幕时应该采用什么翻译策略和方法才能既保持原演讲幽默风趣的风格又不损失
其想要传播的深层思想内涵，是翻译工作者们值得思考研究的问题。
Tim Urban是互联网上最受欢迎的作家之一，他的博客Wait But Why涉及各个方面，从搞怪的简笔画插图、散文到人工智能等，得到了数以百万计的浏览量，受到来自世界各地人的喜爱。
他的TED演讲《你有拖延症吗？》主要以自己大学写论文的亲身经历为例，以独特视角来看待和讨论拖延症患者拖延的原因，拖延症的分类，还有怎么样应对拖延症。
其讨论的话题是我们每个人身上都存在的，并且以他幽默风趣的语言吸引观众，让观众在轻松的气氛中接受新的思想和启发。
2 目的论简述
德国功能主义的目的翻译理论认为，翻译是一种有目的的行为，翻译目的决定翻译方法，翻译过程的主要原则是整个翻译活动的目的。
与其他翻译理论不同的是，目的论认为只要是能够达到翻译目的的译文就是好的译文，译文不一定非要等同于原文。
翻译者在翻译过程中可以自由选择可行的翻译策略和方法来达到自己的翻译目的，这也体现了目的决定手段的基本原则。
3 翻译策略
本文将在目的论指导下，结合Tim Urban的TED演讲《你有拖延症吗？》的字幕汉译中的译例，来讨论四种翻译方法：归化法、转换法、增补法和删减法，从而展现目的论在TED 演讲字幕翻译中的具体应用，来达到保持演讲者幽默风趣的演讲风格并传播优秀思想的目的。
1.归化法
归化法是一种常见的翻译策略，指把源语本土化，以目的语读者为归宿，采取目的语读者所习惯的表达方式来传达原文的内容。
归化翻译要求译者向目的语的读者靠拢，译者翻译出来的译文要符合目的语读者的思维和说话习惯，把译文变成地道的本国语言。
归化翻译有助于读者更好地理解译文，增强译文的可读性和欣赏性。
例1：So if you wanted a career where you’re a self-starter， something in the arts， something entrepreneurial，there’s no dead lines on those things at first.
译文：所以如果你想在一些领域内自学成才，比如学个艺术或者创个业，这些事情开始都是没有截止日期的。
分析：上面的例子中“something in the arts，something entrepreneurial”如果翻译成“艺术类的事，创业的事”就不如原译文一样符合中国人的说话习惯。
像“吃个饭，学个习”这些是日常生活中常用的很地道的中国话，所以翻译成“学个艺术或者创个业”能够使目的语读者和作者直接对话，消除了中英文语言之间的差异，符合目的语读者的思维和说话习惯，使译文活灵活现，更容易被接受和理解。
2.转换法
由于汉语和英语之间的差异，在汉译的过程中，很多词类和句子成分可以进行转换，从而符合汉语使用习惯。
例2：Well，it turns out that there’s two kinds of procrastination.
译文：原来，拖延分两种。
例3：You have to keep well-slept， well-fed and propagating into the next generation.
译文：你得正常睡眠，规律饮食，繁衍后代。
分析：例3和例4为英语中的名词转换成汉语中的动词，例5为英语中的形容词转换为汉语中的动词，经过词类的转换，译文更加简洁，符合目的语读者的习惯，在观看演讲时，目的语读者可以在短时间内快速理解句意，找到重点，提高了译文的可读性。
3.增补法
在英语汉译的过程中，译者经常增补一些必要的词来让译文在语法、句意、文化和修辞等方面更加连贯，符合译入语的习惯。
例4：But a week later， I get a call，and it’s the school.
译文：但一周后，我接到一个电话，是学校打来的。
例5：Sprinted across campus， dove in slow motion and got it in just at the deadline.
译文：90页赶出来后，我飞速冲过校园，像电影中的特写慢镜头一样，恰好在截止日期前的最后一刻交上。
分析：上面两个例子补充了解释性的词语，使译文符合目的语读者的说话习惯。
另外例5增补的“90页、飞速、恰好和最后一刻”这几个词能够更生动形象的再现演讲者拖到截止日期前的最后一刻完成艰巨任务的急迫心情，使目的语读者更好的体会理解演讲者的心里活动。
4.删减法
由于汉语注重意合，注重功能、意义，常常不用或少用连接手段，因而多无主句和小句；而英语则注重形合，注重结构、形式，常常借助各种连接手段。
所以在汉译的过程中，会删减很多不必要的句子成分，使译文更加符合译入语读者的思维和说话习惯。
例6：We can visualize the future. We can see the big picture. We can make long-term plans.
译文：我们能设想未来。
可以从大局出发。
制定长期规划。
分析：以上例句删去了主语。
因为在汉语中根据上下文的意思就可以理解具体主语指代的谁，所以翻译时可以删去，这样既符合汉语多无主句的特点又使译文更加简洁，让目的语读者在短时间内掌握说话的要点，符合目的语读者的说话习惯。
4 结语
本文通过在目的论指导下，采用归化法、转换法、增补法和删减法这四种翻译方法对TED演讲《你有拖延症吗？》的字幕汉译中的译例进行分析，展现了目的论在TED演讲字幕翻译中具体的应用。
翻译目的决定翻译方法，TED演讲的字幕翻译者在翻译过程中可以自由选择可行的翻译策略和方法来达到保持演讲者幽默风趣的风格并像目的语读者传播其优秀深层思想内涵的目的，以促进各国之间优秀文化思想的交流。
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