攻读硕士研究生入学考试题

杭州师范大学201工年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目名称：综合英语（二） 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。

I. Fill in the blanks with proper words given below and write the correct ones o your answer sheet: 10 %A) remai nF) p racticalK) later It would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for 1 reas ons; but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only cha nee to gain_ rom their paren ts, to have pro vider, or to be assured of a p lace in society. A couple of gen erati ons ago, an old maid of 25 did not have much to look forward to, she was more or less fated to_3jwith her parents or to live in some relative 'home where she would help with the chores and the childre n. Not so any more. In the first pl ace, wome n rema in young much Ion ger tha n they used to, and aD_4 woma n of 28 or 30 does not feel that her life is over. Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only whe n and if she chooses. As a con seque nee, todays wome n tend to marry 5— in life. They have fewer children--- or none at all--- if they prefer to devote themselves to their pro fessi on. The result is a6 in the birthrate.The new role that women have developed for themselves has 1— family life. Children are raised 8_; they spend more time with 9- who are not their parents; babysitters, day-care cen ter personn el, relatives, or n eighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the p rocess is a hotly debated questi on. Exp erts have exp ressed quite differe n1考试科目代码:843B)roma ntic G) adults L) in crease C) un ha ppy D) differe ntly E) raisi ng H) decli ne I) independence J) un iqueiy M) transformed N) adaptedO) unmarriedopinions. However, no matter what they are, one thing about child 10 to be certa in of is that theIon ger the child is with the mother, the better.II . Read the following passages. Answer the questions on each by choosing A, or D, and write theB, C correct ones on your answer sheet 20%Passage One ON SOCIETYLow self-esteem pops up regularly in academic rep orts as an explan ati on for all sorts of viole nee, from hate crimes and street crimes to terrorism. But des pite the popu larity of the explanation, not much evidenee backs it up. In a recent issue of Psychological Review, three researchersexamine this literature at length and conclude that a much stro nger link conn ects high self-esteem to viole nee. "It is difficult to mai ntai n belief in the low self-esteem view aftersee ing that the more viole nt groups are gen erally the ones with higher self-esteem," write Roy Barmeister of Case Western Reserve Un iversity and Laura Smart and Jose ph Bode n of the Un iversity of Virgi nia.The conversational view is that people without self-esteem try to gain it by hurting others. The researchers find that viole nee is much more ofte n the work of people with un realistically highself-esteem attack ing others who challe nge their self-image. Under this umbrella come bullies, ra pists, racists, p sych op aths and members of streetga ngs and orga ni zed crime.The study con cludes: "Certa in forms of high self-esteem seem to in crease on e's pronen ess toviole nee. An un critical en dorseme nt of the cultural value of self-esteem may therefore be couter productive and eve n dangerous .................................... The societal pu rsuit of highself-esteem for every one may literally end up doing con siderable harm."As for prison programs intended to make violent convicts feel better about themselves," perhaps it would be better to try instilling modesty and humility," the researchers write.In an in terview with the Bost on Globe, Baumeister said he believes the "self"-pro mot ing establishme nt is starti ng to crumble. "What would work better for the country is to forget about self-esteem and concen trate on self-co ntrol," he said.In the schools, this would mean turning away from psychic boosterism and emp hasiz ing self-esteemas a by-p roduct of real achieveme nt, not as an end in itself.The self-esteem moveme nt, still entren ched in schools of educatio n, is dee ply imp licated in the dumb ing dow n of our schools, and in the sp urious equality beh ind the idea that it is a terriblep sychic blow if one stude nt does any better or any worse tha n ano ther. Let's hope it is in deed crumbli ng.1. The researcher finds that there are stron ger connections betwee nA.low self-esteem and viole nee.B.low self-c on trol and viole nee.C.high self-image and viole nee.D.high self-c on trol and viole nee.2.The researchers would most p robably agree with the followi ng EXCE PTA.self-esteem should be pro moted and en couraged.B.schools should cha nge their concept of self-esteem.C.the traditi onal view is beg inning to lose ground.D.prisons should cha nge their p rese nt p ractice.Passage TwoBut if Ian guage habits do not rep rese nt classes, a social stratificati on into someth ing a byg one as "aristocracy" and "com mon s", they do still of course serve to ide ntify social groups. This is somethi ng that seems fun dame ntal in the use of Ian guage. As we are i relati on to p olitical and n ati onal moveme nts, la nguage is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the right words for thin gs, and awe-i nspiring pun dits of six or seve n look dow n on him for not being aware that racksy means "dila pi dated", or hairy "out first ball". The miner takes a certa in p ride in being "one up" on the visitor or no vice who calls the cage a "lift" or who thinks that men worki ng in a warm seam are in their " underpan ts" whe n anyone ought to know that the garme nts are called hoggers. The "in sider" is seldom dis pl eased that his Ian guage dist in guishes him from the "outsider".Quite apart from sp ecialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and pro fessi ons, there are all kinds of sta ndards of correct ness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemn ati on. On the other hand, we know that other kinds con vey some kind of p restige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of Ianguage, it may well be suggestedthat English sp eakers fall into three categories: the assured, the an xious and the in differe nt. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have "position" and "status", and who therefore do not feel they n eed worry much about their use of En glish. Their educati on and occ up atio n make them con fide nt of sp eak ing an unimp eachable form of En glish: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely to cross their min ds, and this gives their sp eech that characteristically un selfc on scious and easy flow which is ofte n env ied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imp erturbable band, sp eak ing with a similar degree of careless ease, becauseeven if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are sup remely in differe nt to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficie nt ton gues in their heads, and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we "can lump it". That is their attitude. Curiously eno ugh, writers are in cli ned to rep rese nt the sp eech of both these extreme p arties with -in' for ing. On the one han d, "We're goin' huntin', my dear sir';" on the other, "We're goin' raci n', mate."In betwee n, accord ing to this view we have a far less fortun ate group, the an xious. These actively try to surp ass what they believe to be bad En glish and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good En glish. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and their choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes, but also in sp eech.And the misfort une of the "an xious" does not end with their inner an xiety. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the "assured" on one side of them and of the "in differe nt" on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic highheels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable sect ion of any society: the ambitious, ten se, inn er-drive n peop le, who are bent on "go ing p laces and doing thin gs". The greater the p ity, the n, if dis prop orti on ate amount of their en ergy goes into what Mr. Shar pless called "this shabby obsessi on" with varia nt forms of En glish -- esp ecially if the net result is (as so ofte n) merely to sound affected and ridiculous. "Here", accord ing to Bac on, "is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter...lt seems to me thatP ygmalio n's frenzy is a good emblem... of this van ity: for words are but the images of matter; and exce pt they have life of reas on and inven ti on, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture."3.The attitude held by the assured towards Ian guage isA.criticalB.an xiousC.self con sciousD.non chala nt 4. The an xious are con sidered a less fortun ate group becauseA.they feel they are socially looked dow n uponB.they suffer from in ternal an xiety and exter nal attackC.they are in here ntly n ervous and an xious peopleD.they are un able to meet sta ndards of correct ness5.The author thi nks that the efforts made by the an xious to cultivate what they believe is good En glish areA.worthwhileB.meanin glessC.p raiseworthyD.irratio nalPassage ThreeDesp ite Denm ark's manifest virtues, Danes n ever talk about how p roud they are to be Danes.This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denm ark, they always beg in by comme nting on its tinin ess, its unimp orta nee, the difficulty of its Ianguage, the general small-mindedness and self indulgenee of their coun tryme n and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say "De nmark is a great coun try". You are supp osed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety n et, where almost half the n atio nal budget goes toward smooth ing out life's in equalities, and there is p le nty of money for schools, day care, retrai ning p rograms, job sem inars -- Danes love sem inar: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all theEn glish that Danish absorbs -- there is no Danish Academy to defe nd aga inst it -- old dialects p ersist in Jutla nd that can barely be un derstood by Copen hage ners」t is the land where, as the say ing goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disa pp eared from com mon usage, eve n Mr. and Mrs. It's a n ati on of recyclers -- about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new -- and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation of tireless planners. Trai ns run on time. Thi ngs op erate well in gen eral.Such a n ati on of overachievers -- a brochure from the Mi nistry of Busin ess and In dustry says, "De nmark is one of the world's clea nest and most orga ni zed coun tries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Norther n Hemis phere." So, of course, on e's heart lifts at any sight ing of Danish sleaze: skin head graffiti on buildi ngs ("Foreig ners Out of Denm ark!"), broke n beer bottles in the gutters, drunken tee nagers slu mped in the p ark.Non etheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Dan ish tow n, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clea n line: tow n here, country there. It is not a n ati on of jaywalkers. People sta nd on the curb and wait for the red light to cha nge, eve n if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light-people -- that is how they see Swedes and Germa ns. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, impro visers, more free sp irited tha n Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germa ns and Swedes. Orderli ness is a main sell ing point. Denmark has few n atural resources, limited manu facturi ng cap ability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, ban ker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly hon est, highly disci pli ned people will get your goods around to Scandin avia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Air ports, sea port, highways, and rail lines are ultramoder n and well-mai ntai ned.The orderl in ess of the society does n't mea n that Dan ish lives are less messy or Ion ely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about p erfectly sen sible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society can not exe mpt its members from the hazards of life.But there is a sense of en titleme nt and security that Danes grow up with. Certa in thi ngs are yours by virtue of citize nship, and you should n't feel bad for tak ing what you have en titled to, you are as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to every one, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the ste ps you take to get a new one; and the orderl in ess of the system makes it po ssible for the country to weather high unemployment and social un rest without a sense of crisis.6.The author thi nks Danes adopt a __________ attitude towards their country.A.boastfulB.modestC.dep recat ingD.mysterious 7. Which of the followi ng is Not a Dan ish characteristic cited in the p assage?A.Fondn ess of foreig n culture.B.Equality in society.C.Lin guistic tolera nee.D.P ersiste nt planning.8.The author's reacti on to the stateme nt by the Mini stry of Bus in ess and In dustry isA.disa pprovingB.approvingC.non committalD.doubtful9.Accord ing to the p assage, Danish orderli ness __________ .A.sets the people apart from Germa ns and SwedesB.spare Danes social troubles besett ing other peop lesC.is con sidered econo mically esse ntial to the countryD.p reve nts Danes from ack no wledg ing exist ing troubles10.At the end of the p assage the author states all the followi ng Exce pt thatA.Danes are clearly in formed of their social ben efitsB.Danes take for gran ted what is give n to themC.the open system helps to tide the country overD.orderl in ess has alleviated unemploymentIII. Reading and writing: 35%Read the following passage and choose the best answer from the questiOMS% ). Write a summary of the Passage within 100 word(25% ). Write your answers on your answer sheet.The bizarre an tics of slee pwalkers have pu zzled p olice, perpi exed scie ntists, and fascinated writers for centuries. There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Person have been said to climb on steep roofs, solve mathematical p roblems, compose music, walk though p late glass win dows, and commit murder in their slee p.How many of these stories have a basic in fact, and how many are pure fakery? No or kno ws, but if some of the most sen satio nal stories should be take n with a barrel of salt others are a matter of record.In Revere, Massachusetts, a hun dred p oliceme n combed a waterfr ont n eighborhood for a lost boy who left his home in his slee p and woke up five hours later on a stra nge sofa in a stra nge livi ng room, with no idea how he had gone there.There is an early medical record of a somnambulist who wrote a novel in his sleep. And the great French writer Voltaire knew a sleepwalker who once got our of bed, dressedhimself, made a po lite bow, dan ced a minu et, and the n un dresseda nd went back to bed.At the uni versity of Iowa, a stude nt was rep orted to have the habit of gett ing up in the middle of the ni ght and waiki ng three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and the n go back to his room to bed.The world's champion sleepwalker was supposed to have been an Indian, Pandit Ramrakha, who walked sixtee n miles along a dan gerous road without realizi ng that he had left his bed. Second in line for the title is p robably either a Vienna housewife or a British farmer. The woman did all her shopping on busy streets in her sleep. The farmer, in his slee p, visited a veteri naria n miles away.The lead ing expert on slee p in America claims that he had n ever see n a slee pwalker. is Dr. Nathaniel Kleitman, a physiologist at the University of Chicago. He is said to know more about slee p tha n any other liv ing man, and duri ng the last thirty-five years had lost a lot of slee p watchi ng people slee p. Says he, "Of course, I know that there a^ sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepwalkers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an exp erime nt, I doubt that rd get many takers."Slee pwalk ing, n evertheless, is a scie ntific reality. Like hypno sis, it is one of thosedramatic, eerie, awe --inspiring phenomena that sometimes border on the fan tastic. It lends itself to con troversy and misc oncep ti ons. What is certa in about slee pwalk ing is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbanee, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and an xieties that cause it. Doctors say that somn ambulism is much more com mon tha n is gen erally supp osed. Some have estimated that there are four million somnambulists in the United States. Others set the figure even higher. Many slee pwalkers do not seek help and so are n ever put on record, which means that an accurate count can n ever be made.The simpi est explan ati on of slee pwalk ing is that it is the act ing out of vivid dream. The dream usually comes from guilt, worry, n ervous ness, or some other emoti onal con flict. Theclassic slee pwalker is Shakes peare's Lady MacBeth. Her ni ghtly wan deri ngs were caused by her guilty con scie nee at hav ing committed murder. Shakes peare said of he ■ "The eyes are open but their sense is shut."The age-old questi on is: Is the slee pwalker actually awake or aslee p? Scie ntists have decided that he is about half-a nd-half. Like Lady MacBeth, he had weighty p roblems on his mind. Dr. Zelda Tep litz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, say, "Some people stay awake all ni ght worry ing about their p roblems. The slee pwalker thrashes them out in his slee p. He is awake in the muscular area, p artially aslee p in the sen sory area." In other words, a person can walk in his slee p, move around, and do other thi ng but he does not thi nk about what he is doing.Hes,There are many myths about slee pwalkers. One of the most com mon is the idea that it's dan gerous or eve n fatal to wake n a slee pwalker abrup tly. Exp erts say that the shock suffered by a slee pwalker sudde niy awake ned is no greater tha n that suffered in wakir up to the noise of an alarm clock. Another mistaken belief is that sleepwalkers are immune to injury. Actually most slee pwalkers trip over rugs or bump their heads on doors at some time or other.What are the cha nces of a slee pwalker committi ng a murder or doing somethi ng else extraord inary in his slee p? Some cases of this have bee n rep orted, but they very rarel happen. Of course the few cases that are rep orted receive a great deal of p ublicity. Dr Tep litz says, "Most people have such great in hibiti ons aga inst murder or viole nee that they would awake n -- if some one did n't wake n them." In gen eral, authorities on slee pwalk ing agree with her. They thi nk that peoplewill not do anything in their slee p that is aga inst their own moral code. As for the p ublicized cases, Dr. Tep litz points out "Slee pwalk ing itself is dramatic...slee pwalkers can always find an audie nee. I think tha some of their tall tales get exaggerated in the telli ng." I n her own file of case histories, there is not one slee pwalker who ever got bey ond his own front door.Parents often explain their children's -- or their own -- nocturnal oddities as sleepwalking. Sleepwalking is used as an excuse for all kinds of irrational behavior. There is a case on record of a woman who dreamed that her house was on fire and flung her baby out of the win dow. Dr. Tep litz believes that this in sta nee of irrati onal behavior was not due to somnambulism. She believes the woman was seriously dera nged or insane, not a slee pwalker.For their own p rotect ion, chronic slee pwalkers have bee n known to tie themselves in bed, lock their doors, hide the keys, bolt the win dows, and rip up all sorts of gadgets o wake themselves if they should get out of bed. Curiously eno ugh, they have an uncanny way of avoidi ng their own traps whe n they slee pwalk, so none of their tricks seem to work very well. Some slee pwalkers talk in their slee p loudly eno ugh to wake some one else in the family who can the n shake them back to their sen ses.Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit. In many adults, too, the condition is more or less temporary. If it happens often, however, the sleepwalker should seek help. Although slee pwalk ing itself is nothing to become alarmed about, the p roblems that cause the slee pwalk ing may be very serious.A.the mult iple choices :choose the best answer 10%1. What does the phrase "taken with a barrel of salt" mean at end of the second p aragra ph?A.incon ceivableB.un believableC.sus pectedD.im plausible2.Who was suppo sed to be the world's cha mpion slee pwalker?A.The man walked sixtee n miles along a dan gerous road.B.The boy walked five hours in his slee p.C.The stude nt habitually walked to the Iowa River and swam in his slee p.D.The man dan ced a minute in his slee p.3.What is true of slee pwalk ing accord ing to the p assage?A.It is caused by emoti onal con flict or guilty con scie nee.B.It is the act ing out of a vivid dream.C.Somn ambulists are aslee p duri ng their slee pwalk ing.D.It is dan gerous to wake n a slee pwalker.4.Dr. Zelda Tep litz ______A.studied slee pwalk ing for at least ten years.B.con cluded that slee pwalkers are p artially aslee p in their sen sory area.C.main tai ned that it is a mistake n belief that slee pwalkers are immune to injury.D.both A and B.5. The writer makes it obvious that __________ .A.slee pwalkers are ofte n awake ned by dan gersB.the un derly ing cause of slee pwalk ing is more serious tha n slee pwalk ing itselfC.most slee pwalkers are dera nged or insaneD.All of the above.B. Summary writing: 25%They had been sentto Germany at theage of fifteen, for music among other thin gs. And they had had a good time there.They lived freely among the students, they argued with the men over p hilos op hical,sociological and artistic matters, they were just as good as the men themselves: onlybetter, since they were wome n.And they tramped off to the forests with sturdy youths bearing guitars, twan g-twa ng!They sang the Wan dervogel son gs, and they were free.It was the talk that mattered sup remely: the imp assi oned in tercha nge of talk.B. Put the following parts into Chinese:25%来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往 往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较 多。