Durability problems with explicit instruction in an EFL context： the learning of the English co
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2010-26-EU-欧盟新排放指令
DIRECTIVESCOMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2010/26/EUof 31 March 2010amending Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery(Text with EEA relevance)THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,Having regard to Directive 97/68/EC of 16 December 1997 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approxi mation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery ( 1 ), and in particular Articles 14 and 14a thereof, Whereas:(1) Article 14a of Directive 97/68/EC sets out the criteria and the procedure for extending the period referred to in Article 9a(7) of that Directive. Studies carried out in accordance with Article 14a of Directive 97/68/EC show that there are substantial technical difficulties to comply with stage II requirements for professional use, multi- positional, hand-held mobile machinery in which engines of classes SH:2 and SH:3 are installed. It is therefore necessary to extend the period referred to in Article 9a(7) until 31 July 2013. (2) Since the amendment of Directive 97/68/EC in 2004, technical progress has been made in the design of diesel engines with a view to make them compliant with the exhaust emission limits for stages IIIB and IV. Electronically controlled engines, largely replacing me- chanically controlled fuel injection and control systems, have been developed. Therefore, the current general type- approval requirements in Annex I to Directive 97/68/EC should be adapted accordingly and general type-approval requirements for stages IIIB and IV should be introduced. (3) Annex II to Directive 97/68/EC specifies the technical details of the information documents that need to be submitted by the manufacturer to the type-approval authority with the application for engine type-approval. The details specified regarding the additional anti- pollution devices are generic and should be adapted to the specific after-treatment systems that need to be used to ensure that engines comply with exhaust emission limit stages IIIB and IV. More detailed information on the after-treatment devices installed on the engines should be submitted to enable type-approval authorities to assess the engine’s capability to comply with stages IIIB and IV.(4) Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the methodtesting the engines and determining their level of emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants. The type-approval testing procedure of engines to demon strate compliance with the exhaust emission limits of stage IIIB and IV should ensure that the simultaneous compliance with the gaseous (carbon monoxide, hydro carbons, oxides of nitrogen) and the particulate emission limits is demonstrated. The non-road steady cycle (NRSC) and non-road transient cycle (NRTC) should be adapted accordingly. (5) Point 1.3.2 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC foreseesthe modification of the symbols (section 2.18 of Annex I), the test sequence (Annex III) and calculation equations (Appendix III to Annex III), prior to the introduction of the cold/hot composite test sequence. The type approval procedure to demonstrate compliance with the exhaust emission limits of stage IIIB and IV requires the intro duction of a detailed description of the cold start cycle. (6) Section 3.7.1 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the test cycle for the different equipment specifications. The test cycle under point 3.7.1.1 (specification A) needs to be adapted to clarify which engine speed needs to be used in the type approval calculation method. It is also necessary to adapt the reference to the updated version of the international testing standard ISO 8178-4:2007.( 1 ) OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1.(7) Section 4.5 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC outlines the emissions test run. This section needs to be adapted to take account of the cold start cycle. (8) Appendix 3 of Annex III to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the criteria for the data evaluation and calculation of the gaseous emissions and the particulate emissions, for both the NRSC test and the NRTC test set out in Annex III. The type approval of engines in accordance with stage IIIB and IV requires the adaptation of the calculation method for the NRTC test. (9) Annex XIII to Directive 97/68/EC sets out the provisions for engines placed on the market under a ‘flexible scheme’. To ensure a smooth implementation of stage IIIB, an increased use of this flexibility scheme may be needed. Therefore, the adaptation to technical progress to enable the introduction of stage IIIB compliant engines needs to be accompanied by measures to avoid that the use of the flexibility scheme may be hampered by notifi cation requirements which are no longer adapted to the introduction of such engines. The measures should aim at simplifying the notification requirements and the reporting obligations, and at making them more focused and tailored to the need for market surveillance authorities to respond to the increased use of the flexi bility scheme that will result from the introduction of stage IIIB. (10) Since Directive 97/68/EC provides for the type-approval of stage IIIB engines (category L) as from 1 January 2010 it is necessary to provide for the possibility to grant type approval from that date. (11) For reasons of legal certainty this Directive should enter into force as a matter of urgency. (12) The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee estab lished in Article 15(1) of Directive 97/68/EC, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: Article 1 Amendments to Directive 97/68/EC Directive 97/68/EC is amended as follows: 1. in Article 9a(7), the following subparagraph is added: ‘Notwithstanding the first subparagraph, an extension of the derogation period is granted until 31 July 2013, within the category of top handle machines, for professional use, multi- positional, hand-held hedge trimmers and top handle tree service chainsaws in which engines of classes SH:2 and SH:3 are installed.’;2. Annex I is amended in accordance with Annex I to this Directive;3. Annex II is amended in accordance with Annex II to this Directive;4. Annex III is amended in accordance with Annex III to this Directive;5. Annex V is amended in accordance to Annex IV to this Directive;6. Annex XIII is amended in accordance with Annex V to this Directive.Article 2Transitional provisionWith effect from the day following the publication of this Directive in the Official Journal, Member States may grant type-approval in respect of electronically controlled engines which comply with the requirements laid down in Annexes I, II, III, V and XIII to Directive 97/68/EC, as amended by this Directive.Article 3Transposition1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Directive within 12 months after the publication of the Directive. They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions.They shall apply those provisions from 31 March 2011.When Member States adopt those provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.Article 4Entry into forceThis Directive shall enter into force on the day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union .Article 5AddresseesThis Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, 31 March 2010. For the Commission The President José Manuel BARROSOANNEX IThe following section 8 is added to Annex I to Directive 97/68/EC:IIIBIVSTAGESANDFOR‘8. TYPEAPPROVALREQUIREMENTS8.1. This section shall apply to the type-approval of electronically controlled engines, which uses electronic control todetermine both the quantity and timing of injecting fuel (hereafter “engine”). This section shall apply irrespective of the technology applied to such engines to comply with the emission limit values set out in sections 4.1.2.5 and 4.1.2.6 of this Annex.8.2. DefinitionsFor the purpose of this section, the following definitions shall apply:8.2.1. “emission control strategy” means a combination of an emission control system with one base emission controlstrategy and with one set of auxiliary emission control strategies, incorporated into the overall design of an engine or non-road mobile machinery into which the engine is installed.8.2.2. “reagent” means any consumable or non-recoverable medium required and used for the effective operation of theexhaust after-treatment system.8.3. Generalrequirements8.3.1. Requirements for base emission control strategy8.3.1.1. The base emission control strategy, activated throughout the speed and torque operating range of the engine,shall be designed as to enable the engine to comply with the provisions of this Directive8.3.1.2. Any base emission control strategy that can distinguish engine operation between a standardised type approvaltest and other operating conditions and subsequently reduce the level of emission control when not operating under conditions substantially included in the type approval procedure is prohibited.8.3.2. Requirements for auxiliary emission control strategy8.3.2.1. An auxiliary emission control strategy may be used by an engine or a non-road mobile machine, provided thatthe auxiliary emission control strategy, when activated, modifies the base emission control strategy in response toa specific set of ambient and/or operating conditions but does not permanently reduce the effectiveness of theemission control system:(a) where the auxiliary emission control strategy is activated during the type approval test, sections 8.3.2.2 and8.3.2.3 shall not apply;(b) where the auxiliary emission control strategy is not activated during the type approval test, it must bedemonstrated that the auxiliary emission control strategy is active only for as long as required for thepurposes identified in section 8.3.2.3.8.3.2.2. The control conditions applicable to this section are all of the following:(a) an altitude not exceeding 1 000 metres (or equivalent atmospheric pressure of 90 kPa);(b) an ambient temperature within the range 275 K to 303 K (2 °C to 30 °C);(c) the engine coolant temperature above 343 K (70 °C).Where the auxiliary emission control strategy is activated when the engine is operating within the control conditions set out in points (a), (b) and (c), the strategy shall only be activated exceptionally.8.3.2.3. An auxiliary emission control strategy may be activated in particular for the following purposes:(a) by onboard signals, for protecting the engine (including air-handling device protection) and/or non-roadmobile machine into which the engine is installed from damage;(b) for operational safety and strategies;(c) for prevention of excessive emissions, during cold start or warming-up, during shut-down;(d) if used to trade-off the control of one regulated pollutant under specific ambient or operating conditions, formaintaining control of all other regulated pollutants, within the emission limit values that are appropriate forthe engine concerned. The purpose is to compensate for naturally occurring phenomena in a manner thatprovides acceptable control of all emission constituents.8.3.2.4. The manufacturer shall demonstrate to the technical service at the time of the type-approval test that theoperation of any auxiliary emission strategy complies with the provisions of section 8.3.2. The demonstration shall consist of an evaluation of the documentation referred to in section 8.3.3.8.3.2.5. Any operation of an auxiliary emission control strategy not compliant with section 8.3.2 is prohibited.8.3.3. Documentation requirements8.3.3.1. The manufacturer shall provide an information folder accompanying the application for type-approval at thetime of submission to the technical service, which ensures access to any element of design and emission control strategy and the means by which the auxiliary strategy directly or indirectly controls the output variables. The information folder shall be made available in two parts:(a) the documentation package, annexed to the application for type-approval, shall include a full overview of theemission control strategy. Evidence shall be provided that all outputs permitted by a matrix, obtained fromthe range of control of the individual unit inputs, have been identified. This evidence shall be attached to theinformation folder as referred to in Annex II;(b) the additional material, presented to the technical service but not annexed to the application for type-approval, shall include all the modified parameters by any auxiliary emission control strategy and theboundary conditions under which this strategy operates and in particular:(i) a description of the control logic and of timing strategies and switch points, during all modes ofoperation for the fuel and other essential systems, resulting in effective emissions control (such asexhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) or reagent dosing);(ii) a justification for the use of any auxiliary emission control strategy applied to the engine, accompanied by material and test data, demonstrating the effect on exhaust emissions. This justification may be basedon test data, sound engineering analysis, or a combination of both;(iii) a detailed description of algorithms or sensors (where applicable) used for identifying, analysing, or diagnosing incorrect operation of the NO x control system;(iv) the tolerance used to satisfy the requirements in section 8.4.7.2, regardless of the used means.8.3.3.2. The additional material referred to in point (b) of section 8.3.3.1 shall be treated as strictly confidential. It shallbe made available to the type-approval authority on request. The type-approval authority shall treat this material as confidential.ofoperationNO x control measures8.4. Requirementstoensurecorrect8.4.1. The manufacturer shall provide information that fully describes the functional operational characteristics of theNO x control measures using the documents set out in section 2 of Appendix 1 to Annex II and in section 2 of Appendix 3 to Annex II.8.4.2. If the emission control system requires a reagent, the characteristics of that reagent, including the type of reagent,information on concentration when the reagent is in solution, operational temperature conditions and reference to international standards for composition and quality must be specified by the manufacturer, in section 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 1 and in section 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 3 to Annex II.8.4.3. The engine emission control strategy shall be operational under all environmental conditions regularly pertainingin the territory of the Community, especially at low ambient temperatures.8.4.4. The manufacturer shall demonstrate that the emission of ammonia during the applicable emission test cycle ofthe type approval procedure, when a reagent is used, does not exceed a mean value of 25 ppm.8.4.5. If separate reagent containers are installed on or connected to a non-road mobile machine, means for taking asample of the reagent inside the containers must be included. The sampling point must be easily accessible without requiring the use of any specialised tool or device.8.4.6. Use and maintenance requirements8.4.6.1. The type approval shall be made conditional, in accordance with Article 4(3), upon providing to each operator ofnon-road mobile machinery written instructions comprising the following:(a) detailed warnings, explaining possible malfunctions generated by incorrect operation, use or maintenance ofthe installed engine, accompanied by respective rectification measures;(b) detailed warnings on the incorrect use of the machine resulting in possible malfunctions of the engine,accompanied by respective rectification measures;(c) information on the correct use of the reagent, accompanied by an instruction on refilling the reagentbetween normal maintenance intervals;(d) a clear warning, that the type-approval certificate, issued for the type of engine concerned, is valid only whenall of the following conditions are met:(i) the engine is operated, used and maintained in accordance with the instructions provided;(ii) prompt action has been taken for rectifying incorrect operation, use or maintenance in accordance with the rectification measures indicated by the warnings referred to in point (a) and (b);(iii) no deliberate misuse of the engine has taken place, in particular deactivating or not maintaining an EGR or reagent dosing system.The instructions shall be written in a clear and non-technical manner using the same language as is used in the operator’s manual on non-road mobile machinery or engine.8.4.7. Reagent control (where applicable)8.4.7.1. The type approval shall be made conditional, in accordance with the provisions of section 3 of Article 4, uponproviding indicators or other appropriate means, according to the configuration of the non-road mobile machinery, informing the operator on:(a) the amount of reagent remaining in the reagent storage container and by an additional specific signal, whenthe remaining reagent is less than 10 % of the full container’s capacity;(b) when the reagent container becomes empty, or almost empty;(c) when the reagent in the storage tank does not comply with the characteristics declared and recorded insection 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 1 and section 2.2.1.13 of Appendix 3 to Annex II, according to the installedmeans of assessment.(d) when the dosing activity of the reagent is interrupted, in cases other than those executed by the engine ECUor the dosing controller, reacting to engine operating conditions where the dosing is not required, providedthat these operating conditions are made available to the type approval authority.8.4.7.2. By the choice of the manufacturer the requirements of reagent compliance with the declared characteristics andthe associated NO x emission tolerance shall be satisfied by one of the following means:(a) direct means, such as the use of a reagent quality sensor.(b) indirect means, such as the use of a NO x sensor in the exhaust to evaluate reagent effectiveness.(c) any other means, provided that its efficacy is at least equal to the one resulting by the use of the means ofpoints (a) or (b) and the main requirements of this section are maintained.’ANNEX IIAnnex II to Directive 97/68/EC is amended as follows:1. Section 2 of Appendix 1 is replaced by the following:POLLUTIONAIRAGAINSTTAKEN‘2. MEASURESyes/no(*)............................................................................................................gases:recyclingcrankcase2.1. Deviceforcoverednotbyheading)ifanother(ifanti-pollutiondevices2.2. Additionalandany,(*)yes/noconverter:2.2.1. Catalytic.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.1. Make(s):........................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.2. Type(s):converterselements................................................................................................................andcatalytic2.2.1.3. Numberofconverter(s):...............................................................................................thecatalyticofandvolume2.2.1.4. Dimensions-........................................................................................................................................................action:ofcatalytic2.2.1.5. Typeprecious........................................................................................................................................metals:of2.2.1.6. Totalchargeconcentration:...........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.7. Relative.....................................................................................................................................material):and2.2.1.8. Substrate(structure...............................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.9. Celldensity:2.2.1.10. Type of casing for the catalytic converter(s): .................................................................................................................2.2.1.11. Location of the catalytic converter(s) (place(s) and maximum/minimum distance(s) from engine): ............2.2.1.12. Normal operating range (K): ................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.13. Consumable reagent (where appropriate): .......................................................................................................................2.2.1.13.1. Type and concentration of reagent needed for catalytic action: .............................................................................2.2.1.13.2. Normal operational temperature range of reagent: ......................................................................................................2.2.1.13.3. International standard (where appropriate): ....................................................................................................................2.2.1.14. NO x sensor: yes/no (*)(*)yes/nosensor:2.2.2. Oxygen.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.1. Make(s):............................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.2. Type:.....................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.3. Location:(*)yes/noinjection:2.2.3. Airetc.):.........................................................................................................................................pump,2.2.3.1. Type(pulseair,air(*)yes/no2.2.4. EGR:etc.):pressure,........................................................................2.2.4.1. Characteristicspressure/low(cooled/uncooled,high(*)yes/no2.2.5. Particulatetrap:particulate.........................................................................................................thetrap:capacityof2.2.5.1. Dimensionsandparticulatetrap:.........................................................................................................................theandof2.2.5.2. Typedesignengine):..................................................................fromdistance(s)2.2.5.3. Locationand(place(s)maximum/minimumdescriptionand/ordrawing:regeneration,............................................................................ofor2.2.5.4. Methodsystempressure(kPa)and..................................................................................range:2.2.5.5. Normal(K)operatingtemperature(*)yes/nosystems:2.2.6. Otheroperation:...................................................................................................................................................and2.2.6.1. Description___________(*) Strike out what does not apply.’2. Section 2 of Appendix 3 is replaced by the following:POLLUTIONAGAINSTAIRTAKEN‘2. MEASURESyes/no(*)............................................................................................................gases:crankcase2.1. Deviceforrecyclingcoverednotbyheading)ifanotherany,anti-pollutiondevices(ifand2.2. Additional(*)yes/noconverter:2.2.1. Catalytic.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.1. Make(s):........................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.2. Type(s):and................................................................................................................converterselementscatalyticof2.2.1.3. Numberconverter(s):...............................................................................................thecatalyticofandvolume2.2.1.4. Dimensions-........................................................................................................................................................action:ofcatalytic2.2.1.5. Typeprecious........................................................................................................................................metals:of2.2.1.6. Totalchargeconcentration:...........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.7. Relative.....................................................................................................................................material):and2.2.1.8. Substrate(structure...............................................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.9. Celldensity:2.2.1.10. Type of casing for the catalytic converter(s): .................................................................................................................2.2.1.11. Location of the catalytic converter(s) (place(s) and maximum/minimum distance(s) from engine): ............2.2.1.12. Normal operating range (K) .................................................................................................................................................2.2.1.13. Consumable reagent (where appropriate): .......................................................................................................................2.2.1.13.1. Type and concentration of reagent needed for catalytic action: .............................................................................2.2.1.13.2. Normal operational temperature range of reagent: ......................................................................................................2.2.1.13.3. International standard (where appropriate): ....................................................................................................................2.2.1.14. NO x sensor: yes/no (*)yes/no(*)sensor:2.2.2. Oxygen.......................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.1. Make(s):............................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.2. Type:.....................................................................................................................................................................................2.2.2.3. Location:(*)yes/noinjection:2.2.3. Airetc.):.........................................................................................................................................pump,2.2.3.1. Type(pulseair,air(*)yes/no2.2.4. EGR:etc.):pressure,........................................................................2.2.4.1. Characteristicspressure/low(cooled/uncooled,high(*)yes/no2.2.5. Particulatetrap:particulate.........................................................................................................thetrap:capacityof2.2.5.1. Dimensionsandparticulatetrap:.........................................................................................................................theandof2.2.5.2. Typedesignengine):..................................................................fromdistance(s)2.2.5.3. Locationand(place(s)maximum/minimumdescriptionand/ordrawing:regeneration,............................................................................ofor2.2.5.4. Methodsystempressure(kPa)and..................................................................................range:2.2.5.5. Normal(K)operatingtemperature(*)yes/nosystems:2.2.6. Otheroperation:...................................................................................................................................................and2.2.6.1. Description___________(*) Strike out what does not apply.’。
SUMMIT DURA WOOD INSTALLATION MANUAL
1-877-496-3566 – 1INSTALLATIONMANUALDistributed in the U.S.A. by:Revised on 01/10/2018Supersedes all previous versions.Check website for updates.Job Site Conditions 3Subfloors 3Subfloor Preparation 3-5Storage & Handling 5Roll Installation6-7INSTALLATIONI.JOB SITE CONDITIONS1.Installation should not begin until after all other trades are finished in the area. If the job requires othertrades to work in the area after the installation of the floor, the floor should be protected with anappropriate cover. Kraft paper or plastic works well.2.Areas to receive flooring should be weather tight and maintained at a minimum uniform temperature of65°F (18°C) for 48 hours before, during, and after the installation.II.SUBFLOORSDURA WOOD may be installed over concrete, approved Portland- based patching and leveling materials, such as Ardex K-15 or equivalent, and wood.NOTE: Ardex Engineered Cements400 Ardex Park DriveAliquippa, PA 15001(724) 203-5000NOTE: Gypsum-based patching and leveling compounds are not acceptable.1.Wood Subfloors –W ood subfloors should be double construction with a minimum thickness of one inch.The floor must be rigid and free from movement with a minimum of 18 inches of well-ventilated air spacebelow.2.Underlayments – The preferred underlayment panel is American Plywood Association (APA)underlayment grade plywood, minimum thickness of 1/4-inch, with a fully s anded face.3.Plywood Subfloors and underlayments must be American Plywood Association (APA) approved.Plywood shall not have any treatments added. (For example – fire retardant) The moisture content ofthe plywood may not exceed 12%.4.Concrete Floors – Concrete shall have a minimum compressive strength of 3000 psi. New concreteslabs should cure for a minimum of 28 days before installing DURA WOOD. Concrete must be fullycured and permanently dry.NOTE: Particleboard, chipboard, Masonite and lauan are not considered to be suitable underlayments.III.SUBFLOOR REQUIREMENTS AND PREPARATION1.Subfloors shall be dry, clean, smooth, level, and structurally sound. They should be free of dust, solvent,paint, wax, oil, grease, asphalt, sealers, curing and hardening compounds, alkaline salts, old adhesiveresidue, and other extraneous materials, according to ASTM F710.2.Subfloors should be smooth to prevent irregularities, roughness, or other defects from telegraphingthrough the new flooring. The surface should be flat to the equivalent of 3/16˝ (4.8 mm) in 10´ (3.0 m).3.Mechanically remove all traces of old adhesives, paint, or other debris by scraping, sanding, or scarifyingthe substrate. Do not use solvents. All high spots shall be ground level and low spots filled with anapproved Portland-based patching compound.4.All saw cuts (control joints), cracks, indentations, and other non-moving joints in the concrete must be filled with an approved Portland-based patching compound.INSTALLATION5.Expansion joints in the concrete are designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the concrete. If a floor covering is installed over an expansion joint, it will likely fail in that area. Use expansion joint coversdesigned for resilient flooring.NOTE: Expansion joint covers can be obtained from:Balco, Inc.2626 South SheridanP .O. Box 17249Witchita, KS 67217(316) 945-93286.Always allow patching materials to dry thoroughly and install according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Excessive moisture in patching material may cause bonding problems or a bubblingreaction with the adhesive.HAZARDS:SILICA WARNING – Concrete, floor patching compounds, toppings, and leveling compounds can contain free crystalline silica. Cutting, sawing, grinding, or drilling can produce respirable crystalline silica (particles 1- 10 micrometers). Classified by OSHA as an IA carcinogen, respirable silica is known to cause silicosis andother respiratory diseases. Avoid actions that may cause dust to become airborne. Use local or generalventilation or provide protective equipment to reduce exposure to below the applicable exposure limits.ASBESTOS WARNING – Resilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint, or asphaltic “cutback” adhesives cancontain asbestos fibers. Avoid actions that cause dust to become airborne. Do not sand, dry sweep, dryscrape, drill, saw, beadblast, or mechanically chip or pulverize. Regulations may require that the material be tested to determine the asbestos content. Consult the document “Recommended Work Practices forRemoval of Existing Resilient Floor Coverings” available from the Resilient Floor Covering Institute.LEAD WARNING – Certain paints can contain lead. Exposure to excessive amounts of lead dust presents ahealth hazard. Refer to applicable federal, state, and local laws and the publication “Lead Based Paint:Guidelines for Hazard Identification and Abatement in Public and Indian Housing” available from the UnitedStates Department of Housing and Urban Development.7.Maximum moisture vapor emission of the concrete must not exceed 5.5 lbs. per 1000 sq.ft. in a 24 hourperiod as measured by the calcium chloride moisture emission test conducted in accordance to ASTMF1869. Moisture can also be measured using the RH Relative Humidity test method per ASTM F2170standard. Moisture content should not exceed 85% RH. If levels are high using either test method, thenone of Summit International Floorings recommended vapor retardants must be used. If the emissionsexceed the limitations, the installation should not proceed until the situation has been corrected.NOTE: For moisture remediation, Summit International Flooring recommends the following two vaporretardant products.1.ARDEX MC Rapid, Plus or Ultra - 724-203-5000, 2.Bostik Durabond D-250 - 888-592-8558, INSTALLATION8.It is essential that pH tests be taken on all concrete floors. If the pH is greater than 9, it must beneutralized prior to beginning the installation.9.Adhesive bond tests should be conducted in several locations throughout the area. Glue down 3´ x 3´ test pieces of the flooring with the recommended adhesive and trowel. Allow to set for 72 hours beforeattempting to remove. A sufficient amount of force should be required to remove the flooring and, whenremoved, there should be adhesive residue on the subfloor and on the back of the test pieces.IV. M ATERIAL STORAGE AND HANDLING1.Material should be delivered to the job site in its original, unopened packaging with all labels intact.2.Roll material should always be stored on end. Storing DURA WOOD laying down may cause welting, which causes permanent memory of the material. Rolls should only be stored on a clean, dry, smooth surface.3.Inspect a ll materials f or v isual d efects b efore beginning the installation. No labor claim w ill behonored o n m aterial i nstalled with v isual d efects. Verify t he m aterial delivered is t he c orrect style,color, and amount. Any discrepancies must be reported immediately before beginning installation.4.The material and adhesive must be acclimated at room temperature for a minimum of 48 hours beforestarting installation.5.All D URA W OOD r olls m ust be u nrolled and installed i n the s ame d irection. L aying r olls inthe opposite direction can cause color variations between the rolls.y the rolls to provide as few seams as possible with economical use of materials. Match edges for color shading and pattern at seams. Be prepared to straight edge cut the side seams to ensure patternconsistency.7.For best results, the installer should unroll all rolls and allow to relax overnight.INSTALLATIONTECHNICAL MANUALV.INSTALLATION – DURA WOOD ROLL MATERIAL1.Make the assumption that the walls you are butting against are not straight or square. Using a chalkline, make a starting point for an edge of the flooring to follow. The chalk line should be set where thefirst seam will be located.2.Remove the DURA WOOD from the shrink wrap and unroll it onto the floor. Lay the vinyl on the floorin a way that will use your cuts efficiently. Cut all rolls at the required length, including enough to runup the wall a couple inches.3.If end seams are necessary, they should be staggered on the floor and overlapped approximately 2”.End seams will be trimmed after acclimation period using a square to ensure they fit tightly withoutgaps. Match and cut seams to maintain overall continuity of color and pattern.4.After allowing proper acclimation and rough cuts are made you may begin the installation.5.Align the first edge to the chalk line.Note: i t i s v ery i mportant t hat t he f irst seam i s p erfectly s traight.6.Position the second roll with appropriate overlap required to maintain board pattern consistency. Afterseams are trimmed, the edges should fit snug with no visual gaps. Care should be taken to not overcompress the seam. Over compressed seams will cause peaking.7.Repeat for each consecutive sheet necessary to complete the area or those rolls that will be installedthat day.INSTALLATION – GLUE DOWN DURA WOOD Rollsa.After performing the above procedures, begin the application of the adhesive. We recommend SIF848.SIF 848 should not be mixed. It is specially formulated for use right out of the pail. Apply SIF 848 e substrateusing a 1/16˝square- notched trowel.b.Fold over the first drop along the wall (half the width of the roll). Rolls are 6 feet wide and 30 feet long.When roll is folded over this will leave an exposed area of substrate that is 3 feet wide and 30 feetlong.c.Spread the adhesive using the proper size square-notched trowel. Take care not to spread more Ithan can be covered with flooring within 30 minutes. The open time of the adhesive is 30–40minutes at 70°F and 50% relative humidity.NOTE: Temperature and humidity affect the open time of the adhesive. Temperatures above 70°F and/orrelative humidity above 50% will cause the adhesive to set up more quickly. Temperatures below 70°Fand/or relative humidity below 50% will cause the adhesive to set up more slowly. The installer shouldmonitor the on-site conditions and adjust the open time accordingly.y the flooring into the wet adhesive. Do not allow the material to “flop” into place; this may cause air entrapment and bubbles beneath the flooring.INSTALLATIONTECHNICAL MANUALe.Immediately roll the floor with a 75–100 lb. roller to ensure proper adhesive transfer. Overlap each passof the roller by 50% of the previous pass to ensure the floor is properly rolled. Roll the width first andthen the length.f.Fold over the second half of the first roll and half the width of the second roll. Taking roll sizes intoaccount, this will provide an exposed area of substrate of 6 feet wide and 30 feet in length per roll.Spread the adhesive, roll the flooring, and repeat for each consecutive drop.g.Continue the process for each consecutive drop. Work at a pace so that you are always foldingmaterial back into wet adhesive bed.NOTE: Never leave adhesive ridges or puddles. They will telegraph through the material.h.Do not allow SIF 848 to cure on your hands or the flooring. Immediately wipe off excess adhesive with a rag dampened with mineral spirits! Cured adhesive is very difficult to remove from hands. We stronglysuggest wearing gloves while using SIF 848i.Hand roll all seams after the entire floor has been rolled.j.Keep traffic off the floor for a minimum of 24 hours. Floor should be free from rolling loads for aminimum of 48-72 hours.INSTALLATION – Welding DURA WOOD Rollsk. a. Groove seams in vinyl sheet flooring with a hand groover or a mechanical groover. (Leister welding tools are excellent) b. Apply coordinating weld rod with heat welder (Leister or equivalent) c. Using a standard skiving knife take initial pass to remove excess weld rod. d. Allow weld seam to set for 15 minutes and take a final pass with the skive knife so the weld rod is completely flush and smooth to the sheet vinyl flooring. e. All seams are RECOMMENDED to be HEAT WELDED. f. If you are installing Dura Wood Sheet Flooring in areas that may get wet periodically (Bathrooms/kitchens/bars) then the seams MUST BE HEAT WELDED.INSTALLATION。
电阻率异常提取 英文
电阻率异常提取英文英文回答：Electrical resistivity is a fundamental property of materials that measures their resistance to the flow of electric current. It is defined as the resistance of a conductor of unit length and cross-sectional area, and is typically measured in ohm-meter s (Ω-m). The resistivity of a material is influenced by several factors, including its chemical composition, temperature, and crystal structure.In some cases, resistivity may exhibit anomalous behavior, deviating from the expected values or showing unusual temperature dependence. These anomalies can provide valuable insights into the material's properties and behavior. Some common types of resistivity anomalies include:Negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR): Materials that exhibit a decrease in resistivity withincreasing temperature. This behavior is typically observed in semiconductors and metallic alloys.Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR): Materials that exhibit an increase in resistivity with increasing temperature. This behavior is commonly found in metals and insulators.Metal-insulator transition (MIT): Some materials undergo a transition from a metallic state with low resistivity to an insulating state with high resistivity at a critical temperature.Resistivity anomalies can be caused by various physical mechanisms, such as:Structural defects: Impurities, vacancies, and dislocations can disrupt the regular arrangement of atomsin a material, increasing its resistivity.Phase transitions: Changes in the material's crystal structure or electronic properties can lead to abruptchanges in resistivity.Magnetic ordering: In magnetic materials, the alignment of magnetic moments can affect the flow of electric current, resulting in resistivity anomalies.The study of resistivity anomalies has applications in various fields of science and engineering, including:Materials characterization: Resistivity measurementscan provide information about the chemical composition, crystal structure, and defect density of materials.Semiconductor device design: The temperature dependence of resistivity is crucial for designing semiconductor devices, such as transistors and solar cells.Geophysics: Resistivity surveys are used to explore the Earth's interior and detect underground structures.Medical diagnostics: Bioimpedance spectroscopy, which measures the electrical impedance of biological tissues,can provide insights into physiological conditions and disease states.In summary, resistivity anomalies refer to deviations from the expected resistivity behavior of materials. These anomalies can provide valuable information about the material's properties and behavior, and have applications in various fields of science and engineering.中文回答：电阻率是材料的一个基本特性，用来衡量它们对电流流动的阻力。
unable to validate the factsage education package
以下是一段英文版本的“Unable to validate the factsage education package”的翻译，希望能够帮助到您："Unable to validate the FactsAge education package" - this error message usually appears when there is a problem with the installation or validation of the FactsAge education package.Some possible reasons for this issue include:1.Missing or incorrect installation: This could be due to a failed installation, uninstall, or an incomplete installation.2.Invalid package: The package may be corrupted, incomplete or invalid.3.Hardware or system requirements: The system may not meet the minimum hardware or software requirements to install or run the package.4.File permissions: The installer may not have sufficient permissions to access or modify files during installation.5.Outdated or incompatible software: The FactsAge package may be incompatible with the existing software version or configuration on the system.To resolve this issue, you can try the following troubleshooting steps:1.Check if the installation file is corrupted or incomplete. If it is, download it again from a reliable source and try installing it again.2.Make sure your system meets the minimum hardware and software requirements for the FactsAge package. If not, upgrade your system accordingly.3.Check if your antivirus or firewall software is blocking the installation process. If it is, add an exception in the antivirus or firewall settings for the installation file.4.Verify if you have sufficient permissions to install the package. If not, try running the installer as an administrator.5.Check if there is any outdated or incompatible software on your system that may be causing conflicts with the FactsAge package. If found, uninstall or upgrade the conflicting software.6.Contact the FactsAge support team for further assistance if you still experience issues after trying these troubleshooting steps. They may be able to provide additional help and support for your specific issue.。
failed to run the ida analysis allegro
failed to run the ida analysis allegroI'm sorry to hear that you are facing issues running the IDA analysis Allegro. It would be helpful if you could provide more details about the problem you're encountering, such as any error messages or steps you have taken so far.In general, when facing difficulties with running IDA analysis in Allegro, you can try the following troubleshooting steps:1. Update Allegro and IDA to the latest version: Make sure you have the most recent versions of both software installed, as they often include bug fixes and improvements.2. Check system requirements: Ensure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements for running IDA analysis and Allegro. This includes having a supported operating system, sufficient RAM, and compatible hardware.3. Validate license: Verify that your license for Allegro and IDA is valid and properly activated. Sometimes, licensing issues can prevent the proper functioning of the software.4. Reinstall the software: Uninstall Allegro and IDA, then reinstall them from scratch. This can help to resolve any issues that may have occurred during the initial installation.5. Contact technical support: If the problem persists, reach out to the technical support team for IDA and/or Allegro. They can provide further assistance and guidance tailored to your specific situation.Remember to provide detailed information about the problem when contacting technical support, including any error messages you have encountered and steps you have taken to troubleshoot so far.。
链条的强度取决于它的薄弱环节英语作文
The Strength of a Chain Lies in Its WeakestLinkIn the realm of mechanical engineering, a common adage goes, "The strength of a chain lies in its weakest link." This proverb, while originally referring to the integrity of physical chains, can be aptly applied to various aspects of life, from the smallest personal endeavors to thelargest societal undertakings. The crux of the matter is that the weakest element, regardless of its size or significance, has the potential to determine the overall strength and durability of the entire system.In the context of personal development, one's weakest link could be a lack of self-discipline, a fear of failure, or a limiting belief about one's capabilities. These weak points, often hidden in the shadows of our subconscious minds, can hold us back from achieving our full potential. It is crucial to identify and address these weaknesses if we want to move forward in our personal growth and development.In the workplace, the weakest link could be a poor communication system, a lack of team cohesion, or a failureto adapt to changing market conditions. If these weaknesses are not addressed, they can lead to breakdowns in productivity, decreased morale, and ultimately, failure to meet organizational goals.On a societal level, the weakest link could be afailure to provide equal educational opportunities, a lack of infrastructure development, or a failure to address social injustices. These issues, if left unresolved, can lead to societal breakdowns, increased social tension, and a lack of progress towards collective goals.The importance of addressing the weakest link isfurther emphasized in the realm of technology. In computer systems, for example, a single faulty component can cause the entire system to crash. Similarly, in engineering projects, a minor flaw in the design or construction of a single component can lead to catastrophic failure of the entire structure.In conclusion, the strength of a chain lies in its weakest link. Whether we are considering personal growth, organizational success, or societal progress, it is imperative that we identify and address the weak pointsthat threaten the integrity of the system. By doing so, we can ensure that we are building stronger, more resilient chains that are capable of withstanding the tests of time and adversity.**链条的强度取决于它的薄弱环节**在机械工程领域，有一句谚语说道：“链条的强度取决于它的薄弱环节。
bad material definition in element
bad material definition in element"Bad material" in the context of an element could refer to a material that is defective, damaged, or does not meet the required specifications or standards. Here are a few possible definitions of "bad material" in an element:1. Substandard quality: Material that does not meet the desired level of quality, performance, or durability. This could include materials with flaws, impurities, or other defects that affect their functionality or longevity.2. Damage or degradation: Material that has suffered physical damage, deterioration, or degradation due to exposure to environmental factors, wear and tear, or improper handling. This can lead to reduced integrity or reliability of the element.3. Non-compliance with specifications: Material that does not adhere to the specified requirements or guidelines. This can include incorrect dimensions, mechanical properties, chemical composition, or other characteristics.4. Failure to meet performance standards: Material that does not perform as expected or fails to meet the necessary performance criteria. This can result in ineffective or低效 functioning of the element.5. Unsuitable for intended use: Material that is not appropriate or compatible for the specific application or purpose of the element. It may lack the necessary properties or characteristics required for optimal performance.It's important to note that the definition of "bad material" can vary depending on the specific context and industry. In some cases, it may be subjective and dependent on the specific standards or requirements being applied.I hope this provides a comprehensive overview of the possible definitions of "bad material" in the context of an element. If you have any further questions or need more specific information, please feel free to ask.。