TOEFL写作
托福tpo75写作范文
托福tpo75写作范文# TOEFL TPO75 Writing Task.Integrated Writing.# Reading Passage.The reading passage argues that the "let it burn" policy in national parks is a bad idea. Firstly, it mentions that large scale wildfires can cause extensive damage to the parks' ecosystems. For example, many plants and trees are destroyed, which can disrupt the habitats of various animals. Secondly, it states that the fires can also be a threat to human lives and property. There are often visitors in national parks, and the out ofcontrol fires can put them in danger. Moreover, nearby communities might also be affected if the fires spread. Finally, the passage contends that the cost of dealing with the aftermath of such large wildfires is extremely high. The government has to spend a lot of money on restoring the damaged areas and preventing future fires.# Listening Passage.The lecturer, however, disputes the claims made in the reading. Regarding the damage to ecosystems, the lecturer points out that while some plants and trees are indeed burned, wildfires also create new opportunities for the ecosystem. Some plants, like certain types of pine trees, have cones that only open and release seeds after being exposed to the heat of a fire. So, in the long run, the fires can actually help in the renewal and diversification of the plant life in the park.As for the threat to human lives and property, the lecturer says that with proper management and monitoring, the risks can be minimized. Thereare modern techniques to predict the spread of fires and evacuate visitors in time. Also, the construction of firebreaks and better communication systems can reduce the danger to nearby communities.In terms of cost, the lecturer argues that preventing all fires through strict suppression policies is actually more expensive in the long term. When small fires are constantly suppressed, there is a build up of flammable materials, which can lead to even larger and more destructive fires in the future. Allowing some natural fires to burn under controlled conditions can reduce this long term cost.# Sample Essay.The reading passage is firmly against the "let it burn" policy in national parks, but the lecturer in the listening part disagrees.The reading claims that big wildfires wreck the park ecosystems. It's like a disaster movie where all the plants and trees are the innocent victims, and then the poor animals lose their homes. But the lecturer has a different take. He says that some plants are like "fire lovers." Take those pine trees with special cones. They need the fire's heat to pop open and spread their seeds. So, in a way, the fire is like a midwife for these plants, helping to bring new life to the ecosystem.The reading also frets about the danger to people and property. It's like the wildfires are big, bad monsters coming to gobble up visitors and nearby towns. But the lecturer says, "Hey, we can handle this!" With modern tricks like predicting where the fire will go and getting visitors out in time, plus building firebreaks, it's like putting up a shield against the fire monster.Finally, the reading complains about the high cost of dealing with the after math of wildfires. It's as if the government is bleeding money because of these fires. But the lecturer says that always stopping small fires is like sweeping dirt under the rug. Eventually, there will be so much flammable stuff piled up that a huge, super expensive fire will break out. So, letting some fires burn in a controlled way is like a smart investment that can save money in the long run. In short, the lecturer has some pretty good counter arguments to the reading's points.Independent Writing.# Topic.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to study art and literature than it is to study math and science.# Sample Essay.Well, this is a tough one. Some might say that studying art and literature is more important for students, but I'm not so sure I completely agree.On one hand, art and literature are really cool. They're like the colorful paint on the canvas of our lives. Reading a great novel can take you to different worlds, and making art can be a super fun way to express your feelings. It helps you understand different cultures and the human experience. It's like having a magic key that unlocks all these amazing stories and emotions.But, on the other hand, math and science are like the building blocks of our modern world. Math is everywhere. You need it when you're shopping to figure out if you're getting a good deal. And science? Well, it's givenus things like smartphones, which most of us can't live without these days. Science helps us understand how the world works, from the tiniest atoms to the vastness of the universe.If students focus only on art and literature, it's like having a beautiful flower but no roots to keep it alive. Math and science give us the practical skills to get jobs and make a living. Sure, art andliterature can be a hobby or even a career for some, but most jobs these days require at least some knowledge of math and science.However, I'm not saying art and literature are unimportant. They'rejust as important as math and science, but in different ways. We need a balance. It's like having a delicious meal. You don't want just the dessert (art and literature), you also need the main course (math and science). So, in conclusion, I disagree that it's more important to study art and literature than math and science. We need both to have a well rounded education and a successful future.。
7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌!写作新题型Discussion Board全解析!
7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌！写作新题型Discussion Board全解析！7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌！写作新题型Discussion Board 全解析！7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌！写作新题型DiscussionBoard 全解析！托福改革不用慌！写作新题型DiscussionBoard全解析近期网传托福将于今年7月迎来重大改革，就目前的消息来看，新版托福考试将会对考试内容进行精简，显著降低考生的体力消耗。
目前网传托福改革的要点如下：据传官方将于4月11日正式官宣，新版托福将于7月26日上线。
最新消息：目前托福考试官方视频号上在4月11日确实有一场直播，主题是2023年托福iBT考试全新升级发布会。
这就直接证明了之前的网传的改革消息是几乎板上定钉的事儿了，只是改革细节是否如网传所说，咱们还要拭目以待当天的直播~就网传内容来看，这次所谓的托福改革除了取消加试和删减一篇托福阅读之外，最大的变化就是写作部分。
所以接下来着重对写作部分的变化做下分析。
当前写作是综合写作+独立写作两个部分组成，共计55mins，据网传的改版方向，之后会保留综合写作的部分，但是独立写作会变成学术性讨论题（discussionboardquestion），这个题型其实来源于TOEFLEssentials。
以下表格主要是展现独立写作和学术性讨论题之间的差异。
写作新题型样题一，先看油管大神给的例题。
1.先分析题干要求Thetest-takermustreadthequestionpostedbytheprofessorandth etwostudentresponses.Finally，theyshouldwritetheirownresponsewhichaddressesthequestionanda ddstotheconversation.教授抛出1个debate，提问大家的立场。
接着两个npc学生作为正反方，给出各自的观点。
新托福学术写作
新托福学术写作摘要：1.新托福学术写作简介2.新托福学术写作的组成部分3.如何提高新托福学术写作能力4.总结正文：【新托福学术写作简介】新托福（TOEFL iBT）学术写作是一项重要的考试内容，旨在评估非英语母语国家人士的英语写作能力。
新托福学术写作主要由两个部分组成：综合写作和独立写作。
综合写作要求考生在阅读一篇文章后，听取讲座或对话，然后结合所读和所听，写出一篇概括性的文章。
而独立写作则要求考生就某一话题阐述自己的观点，并支持该观点的理由和例子。
【新托福学术写作的组成部分】综合写作部分主要包括以下三个步骤：1.阅读一篇学术性文章，理解文章的主题、论点和论据；2.听取一个讲座或对话，理解讲座或对话的主题、观点和论据；3.结合所读和所听，写出一篇概括性的文章，包括文章的主题、作者的观点、讲座或对话的观点以及如何支持这些观点。
独立写作部分要求考生在30 分钟内完成一篇短文，通常包括以下五个段落：1.引言：简要介绍文章的主题和观点；2.主体：阐述观点，并给出理由和例子；3.主体：阐述观点，并给出理由和例子；4.结论：总结文章的观点，并给出一个有力的结尾；5.结束语：表达对未来的期待或提出对问题的解决办法。
【如何提高新托福学术写作能力】1.多阅读：阅读英文学术文章，了解其结构和写作方式，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力；2.多练习：进行综合写作和独立写作的练习，学会如何在有限的时间内组织语言和表达观点；3.多背诵：背诵一些常用的句型和表达，提高自己的写作水平；4.多修改：写完后要进行反复修改，检查语法、拼写和用词是否准确；5.多交流：与他人交流写作心得，了解自己的优缺点，取长补短。
【总结】新托福学术写作是一项重要的考试内容，对于备考者来说，提高写作能力是关键。
TOEFL-WRITING-托福写作
• e.g. Where there is a will ,there is a way.
• 有压迫的地方就有反抗。 • Where there is oppression ,there is rebellion. • 有女人的地方就有商机。 • Where there are women ,there are business opportunities. • 有政府的地方就有贪污。 • Where there is a government ,there is corruption.
• Introduction:
•
TOEFL iBT:The Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet Based Test.
•
ETS: Educational Testing Service 美国考试服务中心
• 托福作为语言考试的本质：
• 测试考生对英语的综合应用能力——包括听、说、读、写的独立能力和综合能力 • （每个部分满分30分，总分120分）；
•
increase : n. / decrease
•
定从
•
in the last decade(s)
•
significant / gradual / slight
•
number / amount (修饰不可数n）
• Try :在过去的二十年中，花在食物上的钱逐渐减少了。
• In the last two decades ,there has been a gradual decrease • in the amount of money that is spent on food.
• 2.段落格式使用缩进式或者齐头式
英语托福作文评分标准及评分细则
英语托福作文评分标准及评分细则As an AI language model, I am here to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding and evaluating English TOEFL essays, ensuring that your writing meets the desired standards and criteria. The key to success in this standardized test lies in adhering to a clear structure and demonstrating strong language proficiency. Let's delve into the essential aspects of TOEFL essay scoring.Firstly, it's crucial to comprehend the three main sections: Integrated Task,独立写作(Integrated Task 1), and独立写作 (Integrated Task 2). Each section evaluates different aspects of writing, including coherence, argumentation, and vocabulary usage.1. Integrated Task: This is a short response that combines reading and writing. The score is based on your ability to integrate ideas from the reading passage with your own thoughts. Look for clarity in connecting ideas, relevance to the prompt, and a logical flow.2. Integrated Task 1: This is a 300-word essay that requires you to present your own viewpoint on a given issue. The focus is on your ability to present a well-structured argument, supported by examples and evidence. A strong thesis statement, logical development, and appropriate use of academic vocabulary are key.3. Independent Task 2: This is a longer essay, typically 500-600 words, where you are asked to write a response to a specific question. Here, you need to demonstrate your ability to analyze a text, evaluate an opinion, or solve a problem. Your writing should be persuasive, with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion that effectively wraps up your argument.Now, let's discuss the scoring criteria in detail:Content: This evaluates the depth and relevance of your ideas. Your essay should address all aspects of the prompt and provide thoughtful insights.Organization: A well-structured essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion is crucial. Each point should flow logically from the previous one.Vocabulary: The use of appropriate and varied vocabulary enhances your writing. Avoid using simple or repetitive words and strive for a range of expressions.Grammar and Mechanics: Errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling can detract from your score. While errors are inevitable, they should not significantly hinder comprehension.Writing Style: A clear, concise, and engaging style is valued. Avoid overly complex sentences and strive for a balance between formality and readability.Engagement with the prompt: Demonstrating understanding and critical thinking by responding to the question is essential.To improve your TOEFL essay, practice regularly, and seek feedback from native speakers or experienced tutors. Familiarize yourself with sample essays and their annotations to understand the expectations. Remember, the key is to write confidently and confidently express your ideas in English.In conclusion, mastering the TOEFL essay scoring criteria requires a combination of content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, and writing style. By focusing on these aspects and consistently working on your writing skills, you can achieve the desired results in your TOEFL test.。
托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分
托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分?主体内容写法细节也要充分了解。
今日我给大家带来了托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分，盼望能够给关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福独立写作写好开头结尾就能拿高分?主体内容写法细节也要充分了解托福独立写作主体段落结构分析托福独立写作主体段落的文章结构通常如下：Transitional words + topic sentence +development。
假如考生在平常能娴熟运用这样的一个结构来绽开作文，那么考场上就会凭借这份思维定势来关心自己抓住每一分。
中间三个段落都可以套用这种模式。
托福独立写作主体段过渡词介绍Transitional words主要有以下三种，即表挨次：firstly, secondly, finally (last but notleast);表并列：besides, in addition;表对比：in contrast, incomparison。
这些连接词会让文章看起来脉络清楚，组织严密，也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。
托福独立写作主体段主题句写法要点分析主题句，顾名思义，向考官展现的是考生作文的主要意旨所以它在中间段落中的作用是至关重要的。
通常主题句应当留意一下几点：1.主题句必需是陈述句。
有的考生想在写作中创新，于是采纳反问句或者其他看似多样化的题目，然而这种多样性带来的后果是给考官观点不明确的印象，很自然地会影响到分数。
2.必需表明观点。
假如考生把一句无关痛痒的话放在主题句的位置上，很明显无法表明自身观点。
比如像“今日是晴天”这样的话没有表明观点;然而“今日是个好天气”就包含一种感情颜色在里面，给人一种立场明确的感觉。
考生应当切记：没有反对余地的就不行以作为主题句。
3.态度必需坚决。
但是不能极端。
4.每段必需有主题句，理论上讲没有主题句是可以的，但是考场上不行以，没有主题就会铺张考官的时间去帮你总结主题，然而繁忙的考官是不会那么和善地去分析你的题目来抓取你的观点的。
toefl 写作素材
1.The opening of …..will contribute to local economy in the form of taxes. With the increasd taxes,local government can make the city a better place to live: improve the roads, better public transportation systems, plant more trees, and provide better medical care and social security to the city-dwellers.2.traffic congestions/jams. Occupy the parking lots.3.人情冷漠apathy4.the Little prince 小王子5.The old man and the sea老人与海6.Jan Eyre简爱7.The Shawshank Redemption Shawshank prison8.action of violence9. a world champion10.advanced science and technology11.make joint efforts12.convenient and efficient13.w orld outlook and values outlook14.optional course and compulsory course15.reform and open to the outside world16.Work hard and, at the same time, keep your eyes open on the lucky opportunity17.from childhood to the end of life, who under the sun is totally able to do things he or sheenjoys?18.rule out the possibility of……19.always be up for……..随时准备好迎接……..20.There is always someone who loves you more than you know.21.sieze the moment22.love someone with all of your heart23.…….should not be rigid or fixed.僵化或固定的24.headline-making 炒作25.cultivate a spirit of independence26.personal gains and losses个人得失27.misuse of authority and autarchy28.stand on your own bottom自立strive to become stronger自强29.….is the backbone of my/humanbeing’s spirit…….是精神支柱30.backwardness leaves you vulnerable to attack落后就要挨打31.Four Great Inventions of ancient China32.patriotism爱国主义精神33.charitable foundation慈善基金会34.prune the dead branches修枝剪叶gardener 园丁35.light industry and heavy industry36.a harmonious interpersonal relationship37.carry down from generation to generation38.survival fo the fittest nature selection39.clinical research 临床研究40.perform the experiments on animals41.finanical strength/crisis经济实力/危机42.inward and spiritual grance内在美43.abortion堕胎euthanasia安乐死44.s ustainable development45.natural disaster46.publicize the importance of…..47.perform the responsibilities and obligations48.coexist peacefully49.enhance conperhensive national strength and international competitiveness50.i ntegrate theory with practice51.Newton, the notable and the most influential scientist, who discovered the Grate 3 Law whichgoverns the nature.52.the win of the war of resistance against Japan53.start everything new again54.expand one’s horizon to the whole world55.live and work in peace and contentment56.drogon boat festival 端午节57.facticity and validity58.erotic色情的59.superstition 迷信60.National quality国民素质61.long history and brilliant and gorgeous culture62.fine quality and valuable experience63.evil tongue谗言64.t he privilege of …….特权65.delinquency不发行为66.Youth Development Foundation launched Hope Project in 1989 in China. More and more chinesechildren whose families are very poor can go to school for education.67.A ll nation unite to combat SARS68.Wenchuan earthquake happened at 14:28 on May 12, 2008.69.Beijing Olympics kicked off in 2008.70.a once-in-a-lifetime opportunityAristotle亚里士多德Galileo伽利略Beethoven贝多芬Michael Jeffrey Jordan 乔丹Shakespeare莎士比亚Francis Bacon 培根Christianity基督教Holmes and Dr Watson 福尔摩斯和华生Titanic ship of dream Ross and Jack True loveMarie Curie居里夫人Nobel诺贝尔Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄更斯Newton The laws of motionBruno 布鲁诺：scholar in ItalyLincolnHemingway海明威DaVinci达芬奇Edison Phonograph 留声机Electric bulb电灯泡Vencent van Gogh 梵高Expressionism 印象主义Sunflower向日葵Early abstraction 早期抽象主义Had little success during his lifetime greatest artists are out of step of contemporary societyNixon尼克松：Watergate scandal Watergate conspiracy 水门事件Churchill 丘吉尔Be troubled with stammer小时候是结巴，苦练成为著名演说家AIDS艾滋Dream of the red chamber红楼梦pyramid in EgyptEnron 安然Fraudulent accounting techniques 财务造假ScandalListed as the 7th largest company in the United States Blue chip stock 蓝筹股诚信的问题，长期利益与短期利益问题Copernicus 哥白尼Geo centric theory 地心说Helio centric system 日心说挑战传统，创新，科学发展Bill Gates Forbes magazine福布斯杂志The wealthiest person in the world Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation A charitable organization 慈善机构Civil law 民法 Criminal law 刑法Infringe the law Infringe upon sb’s rights 侵犯他人权利Confucius 孔子Confucianism 儒学Theory of Ethics Political theory Feudal culture 封建文化Computer 33.9 thousand billion calculations per second lifetime电脑算一秒，人要算一辈子。
托福写作考试题型介绍
托福写作考试题型介绍（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作报告、致辞讲话、条据书信、合同范本、规章制度、应急预案、心得体会、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays, such as work reports, speeches, policy letters, contract templates, rules and regulations, emergency plans, insights, teaching materials, essay encyclopedias, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please pay attention!托福写作考试题型介绍托福写作考试题型介绍托福写作考试题一共分为综合写作试题部分和独立写作试题部分，下面本店铺就为同学们介绍托福写作考试题型，大家可以根据这两大题型的特点进行备考。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一、托福写作的评分系统官方指南按分数档次进行微调评判：一分钟内浏览给分数档次根据闪点+- 1分必须给评分者短时间内最好的印象不能在关键的地方犯恶心的错误关键：各段首句，文章末句及具有强结论的句子恶心：主谓不一致时态问题名词单复数印象极为关键：紧扣题目，紧扣要求二、如何取悦评卷人1 必须有清晰的整体脉络2 必须有自然的段间衔接3 经典的用词用句经典用词用句的锻造：用词：动词核心动词的动词的使用是写作能力的标志e.g,: eat ---consume英语写作表达的美在于用不同的单词表达相同的含义e.g.:show ---display --- demonstrate近义词的积累英语中“好”的词有：Good / okPerfect / glorious / terrific / fantasticSuperb用句：It 作形式主语或形式宾语e.g. : It is easy to learn Englishthere be倒装、虚拟、强调名人名言（不要使用c-e）（千万不要乱编）***said + 直接引用———不用***believed + 自由表述-----用可用人物: Kand & Nietzsche 只用于道德和爱心之类的话题三、文化差异对应试写作产生的影响1 必须有清晰的结构观点鲜明的开头紧扣主题的结尾由主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落引导：主题句一定要在该段首句2 必须要有统一的中心3 自然的衔接（衔接为其生命）中文：意合语言英文：形合语言逻辑关系的显性化逻辑关键词衔接方法：1 重复词：概括重复直接重复和齐头重复2 序数词：first…second…3 关联词：并列and 转折but让步although 递进in addition因果becausee.g. Because of having rain ,he developed a high fever , and thus has tosleep at home .his absense resulted in the reduction of his pay.4 转折和让步之间的差别让步好于转折democracy 民主e.g. they are poor---they suffer from povertyThey are hungry---they strggle against atarvation------they suffer form poverty ,struggling against starvation左手：遣词造句的上升右手：思维方式的改变e.g: 我们不会把所有秘密告诉其他人we don’t tell others all the secretswe don’t let others know all the secretswe hide some secrets fome otherseveryone has privacy四、平时训练写作的方法境界：手中有文章心中有文章出口成章手中无文章心中有文章手中无文章心中无文章妙笔生花《新东方英语中学版》1 阅读I will think about it 没戏She mothers me 她像母亲一样关心我My sands sneak swiftly 时光飞逝（借喻、拟人、押头韵）2 背诵背单词---坚持背文章---新概念三、四册TOEFL100句3 看电影阿甘正传20遍狮子王20遍Friends 10季2遍4 观察生活Life is playing every game as if it were the last oneTo the world ,maybe you are just one person ,but to someone who loves you,you are the world.第二讲：官指P217-P221四类题型：1 agree & disagree (观点类)2 A or B (观点类)3 compare and contrast 社会现象阐释类4 persuasive essay 社会现象阐释类观点类文章：There is no consensus among people as to …such an argument : (main idea)Some people 认为认为：Think / believe / consider / argueHold / claim / emphasize /maintianI believeSome people maintian …while others may not agree“我个人认为‖From my personal angle aloneAgree with 客观同意side with 主观偏袒The former / latter point coincides with mineFor one thing …/for another …/what is more …On one hand …/on one other hand…/moreover …Therefore ,I can take it for granted that…Take sth for granted…―不言而喻‖总结：From what has been discussed above we may resonably draw a conclusion that …(原因)喊口号：（结句）1 倒装句only …can we…e.g. only in this way can we have a bringht future2 虚拟语气It is high time that + 一般过去“真是到了。
的时候了”3 名人名言As an old saying goes….另一种开头：For most of the time ,we are always on the arduous journey in seeking ,for theanswer of this question .My answer is yes/ no ,simple yet candid.另一种结尾：环境类：The environment should be of the people ,by the people and for the people.环境应该是民治、民有、民享的父母和子女的关系：Love your parents in time ,for we can never reply from paradiseThere is a fault called miss.阐释类文章：1 提纲比较随意2 与前一种文体之间有千丝万缕的联系举/ 说/ 谈/ 论/ 提举例子/说原因/ 谈感受/ 论影响/ 提建议举例子：1 注意举例子词单举：for instanceFor exampleA case in point选举：for example … and …also …even…2 注意逻辑关系词：举例要有顺序说原因：A munber of factors ontribute /give rise to such a phenomenon .For one thing …/ for another .. / what is more ..Therefore ,all these reasons lead to the phenonmenon .论影响：The influence of … has become more obvious at the moment .提建议：There is no immediate solution to such a problem ,but the following suggestion might be helpful.阐释类文章的万能开头：Because the rapid development of morden society … has been brought into focus recently. 记叙性段落写作“记叙事件：1 必须有深刻的中心内涵春游登山Teamwork : together everyoneAchieve moreConquer2 副词的恰当使用UnfortunatelyLeisurely : 怡然自得Suddenly3 必须要有6大要素时间、地点，人物、事件起因、经过、结果4 时态问题：一般采用一般过去式，若有插叙采用过去完成时5 把握详略与中心主题相关则详写，否则略写“曾几何时”：there was a time when we know nothing about the world“现在某时”：there is a time when“有时候、有时候、我会相信一切有尽头”：There are times when I can take it for granted that everyting will come to the end “往事如烟”：the past has turn into ash―尘归尘，土归土‖ : Dust to dust , ash to ash记叙事物：1 抓住事物的本质Air conditioner /love /roommateyou go your way ,and I go mine2 抓住描写的顺序Friendship is a relationship which involves sincerity mutual trust and self-sacrifice顺序：时间、空间、逻辑记叙人物：1 抓住选材，即选材一定要好103题/staring from failure人物：爱迪生勾践2 要能引起共鸣3 要能说明问题PS : why me ,why choose阐述自己对生命的态度第三讲1 定语从句与同位语从句的差别定语从句对名词起修饰作用同位语从句对名词起解释说明的作用定语从句去掉引导词必缺少一部分同位语是完整的部分易出现同位语的词：Report ,idea , new , belief , fact , dream 即抽象名词易出现同位语重组句子：1 主句：they were not taken seriously2 reports came into London zoo3 a wild tiger had been spotted forty-five mlies south of London每天寻找三个长难句拆开，七天后组合（新概念三册、新TOFEL真题阅读）2 句子的拆分联系3 feel obliged to 感到不得不做sth用have to 标志----最熟悉的陌生人（用熟悉的英文标注生词）4 “，for ”的使用方法：表达因果关系最经典的方法5 分词做后置定语：把定语从句变为现在分词作后置定语主动---现在分时，被动---过去分时Prove 代替am ,is ,areA trail of 一串串 a trail of beautiful story6 情诗：（五种让步）无论你去哪里whenever you go无论你做什么whatever you do无论你爱的是谁whoever you love无论你何时归来whenever you come back无论那时你多老多丑however old and ugly you are我都会在此等待I will be right here waiting for you7 a munber of = many =a lot ofSb be fully convinced that = be suree.g : 记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京Journailists hear that sun will come to BJThey set out to obtain the new保留作者意图的句子作为主句Hearing that sun will come to BJ ,journailists set out to obtain the newsHearing the news that sun will come to BJ ,journailists set out to obtain it .（同位语）更深层次的应对方法：我的boss 要求我去会客户，我立刻去做1 My boss asked me to visit a customer . I immediately left my office to do that.2 My boss instructde me to visit a customer . I immediately set out to do that .3 Instructed to visit a customer ,I immediately set out to do that .The editor was getting impatientlost his patiencewas running out of his patiencecould not wait a secondFail to:英文中的否定很少.用not ，一般采用1 no + 名词2 nothing3 fail to女人常常被美丽的衣服所吸引e.g.: women are usually attracted by beautiful clothesBeacutiful clothes always catch women’s eyesBeacutiful clothes fascinate womenBeacutiful clothes never fail to fascinate womenSth never fail to fascinate hunman beings可作为开头Affectionate 柔情似水Passionate 激情的Reasonable 理性的我们对猫的生活不是很了解e.g. :To cat’s life ,we have nothingwe don’t know much about a cat’s lifewe know little about a cat’s lifeLittle do we know about a catA cat’s life to us is a mysteryLearn to = get used to 习惯于We have learned to …Remain suspicious of…对…保持怀疑Never remain suspicious of …坚信Some people never remain suspicious of the piont that there is true love in the world（同位）One of the things that fascinate us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives that1 为定语从句that2 为同位语网络是很重要的People never remain suspicious of that point that the internet never fail to be important Internet , a way of communication , play an important role in societyPeople without internet are like flowers without sunshine.第四讲1 形式主语& 形式宾语2 方法：虚拟语气If I am you ,I will stay hereIf I was you ,I would stay hereIf I were you , I would stay hereIf I could have a dinner with him I wouldIf you told me earlier ,I would not do thatIf you had told we earlier ,I would not have done that虚拟语气的词汇：Wishe.g. Mr zhuang wishes his GF were beacutygonna = going to wanna = want toa glass of water互文现象The days would all be empty . The nights would seem so long .―白天晚上都那么无聊空虚‖The sky is blue and my heart is clam.―天空与我的心一样湛蓝而宁静‖I have a dream that one day + 从句我有这样的梦想有朝一日情态动词Must –may—might might 最好I might have been in love before but it never felt this strong―此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然‖Hold me now , touch me nowTouch 的用法We should read this book and never touch bad book.比较级的用法1 否定+ 比较级= 最高级No one is more beautiful than you .2 It is more than I could afford3 I love you more than I can say万能句式**will lead a way for us like a guiding star带着职业的敏感去观察生活被动句：1 喧宾夺主2 分be 得分---寻找谓语动词的过去分词Be –所有时态的变化均体现在be 动词上得--- 得到被动句经典：Love for the sake of being loved is human . Love for the sake of loving is angelic .―因为被爱而去爱是人性的彰显，因为爱所以爱是神性的光辉‖倒装句：1 强调2 承上启下3 制造悬念e.g : 任何广告都不使我们感到惊讶The advertisment can not surprise us any moreRarely can the advertisment surprise us any moree.g. A small city does not fascinate people as much as a big city ---hardlye.g:A new factory would contaminate our communiySeldom can a new factrory be estabilshed without contaminating our community .e.g. We sat on the cliffs by the sea ,watching the sunset.On the cliffs by the sea we sat , watching the sunset .I came to beijing for the simple reason that I love youSuch is human nature ,that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the…of becoming…Such is love ,that falling in love proves easy but remain in it proves difficult这就是爱相爱容易相处难。