Step by Step2000听力教程-3-答案Unit-10
step by step3000 Unit10答案
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1. the Emergency Department 2. the Outpatient Department 3. the Surgery Department 4. the Dispensary 5. the Physician Department 6. the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department 7. the Dental Department 8. the Laboratory 9. the X-ray Department 10. the Administrative Building 11. the Ward
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A:
1. the lung, breast, liver, mouth 2. smoking; alcohol use; physical inactivity; indoor smoke; injections; unsafe sex
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Part III Lifestyle & environmental factors vs cancers
Lead-in Qs: 1. What disease has been listed as the No.1 killer of human beings? 2. What can we do to prevent it?
Section B
Key words: dosage; warnings Vocabulary: dosage剂量 exceed 胜过 administer 管理 diabetes 糖尿病 drowsiness 睡意 chronic 慢性的
step by step 第三册Unit 1-10 World News Up in Space词汇
Unit 1 World News: Up in Space（刘亚兰）Part I Warming UpVocalbulary:1. dock [d?k] n. 码头,船坞v. 靠码头,入坞2. triumph [‘trai?mf] n. 凯旋,欢欣v. 得胜,成功3. order back 命令返回4. launch [l?:nt?, lɑ:nt?] n.&v. 下水,发射,开始5. fledging n. 羽毛初长的雏鸟,刚会飞的幼鸟,无经验的人6. outpost [‘autp?ust] n. 前哨,前哨基地,警戒部队7. checkout ['t?ekaut] n. 检查(调整,验算,检查输出结果,工时扣除)8. revive [ri'vaiv] v. 使...生醒,复生,恢复精神9. probe [pr?ub] n. 探针,调查,探测针v. 用探针测,详细调查10. volcanic [v?l‘k?nik] a. 火山的11. daunting [d?:nti?] a. 令人畏惧的12. abbreviated [?bri:vi‘eit] a. 简短的, 仅可蔽体的,小型的13. space shuttle n. 航天飞机14. panel[‘p?nl] n. 面板,嵌板,仪表盘,座谈小组15. spacecraft n.宇宙飞船；航天器16. fiery [‘fai?ri] a. 炽热的,热烈的,暴躁的17. solar system 太阳系18. pull off v. 努力实现, 赢得19. power generator 电力发电机20. fuel cell 燃料电池21. module n. [‘m?dju:l][计算机] 模块, 组件，部件【航空学】航天舱，(航天器的)舱；子机；子船Part II News ReportAVocabulary:1. robotic rover 机器漫游车2. robotic arm 机械臂3. installment [in'st?:lm?nt] n. 分期付款(安装,一期)4. retrorocket [‘retr??r?kit]n.制动火箭5. descent [di‘sent] n. 降落6. condensate n. 浓缩物，聚合物7. finale [fi‘nɑ:li] [意大利语] n.结局,终了,最后的一个乐章8. tentatively ['tent?tivli] adv. 试验的CVocabulary:1. organic molecule[‘m?likju:l, ’m?u-] n. 有机分子2. carbon n. 碳3. nitrogen n. 氮4. pockmark [‘p?kmɑ:k] n. 痘疮pockmarkd adj. 布满痘痕的5. asteroid n. 小游星,小行星,海盘车 a. 星状的6. Stake [steik] n. 木柱,赌注,奖金v. 打赌,下赌注7. pre-biology n. the beginning of life Part III China' s space' and aeronautics industryA.Vocabulary1. module n. 【航空学】航天舱，(航天器的)舱；子机；子船2. unmanned adj. 无人的；无人驾驶的3. brief v. 对...作简报,摘要4. map put 详细制定，筹划5. payload n. (导弹、火箭的)有效载荷，有效负荷，有效载重BVocabulary:1. untimately adv. in the end; after everything or everyone else has been taken into account 最终；最后2. Shenzhou II “神舟二号”2001年1月16日19时22分，我国第二艘无人飞船“神舟二号”在内蒙古中部地区成功着陆。
stepbystep第三册答案
Unit 1 World News: International RelationsPart I Warming upATapescripts:1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry hasrecommended a radical change of policy towards North Korea.2.Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United Statesgathered here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and EthnicAlbanian guerrillas inside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4.A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training inKuwait has hit a group of military observers, killing six of them.5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about thepossible health risks from ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.BSummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East Timor Tapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on thismeeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor. Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last?8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Unit 2 Earth and EnvironmentPart 1 Warming upB1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Part II News ReportsA...Washingto n … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education andentertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthUnit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animalproduce from EU.Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.Part II News reportsASummary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company-- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporationn Microsoft3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world.The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are theBritish-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of manyInternet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.英语专业学生经典的听力材料Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2. The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3. The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.5. The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2. A natural defense mechanism3. The death of brain cells4. Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Side effects / cut back on medication.1. The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christo pher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A portion of the patient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2. Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3. Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4. New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result inclinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example --- it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/Part IV1. NHS’(英国国民健康保险制度) greater focus on prevention1. a gimmick2. a: increased screening2. proper timetablee.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer 3. treatmentb: the most vulnerable4. private healthcarec: more widely available听力原文：It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services, Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, ahs also announced he is planning to make some changes in our heath service.The crux of Mr. Brown’s propos als are related to giving the NHS （National Health Service）a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available fro those who are most vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease, but later on the Prime Minister claims that they will be more widely available. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery, a condition which kills 3,000 men a year.The opposition have criticized Mr Brown’s proposals, saying that they are just a gimmick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for thechanges. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pa more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare.Many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care, often because it can be quicker, although the doctors and hospitals are often the same!! NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so people can jump the queue by paying for their operation.英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upB1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming PeiUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glassYear of completion: 1988Tapescript:The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, theChinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissioned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and uses a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It was completed in 1988, and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizesthe beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.Tapescript:I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you can just look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre building that in fact it doesn't interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, it's just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who could just pass and not notice this building. So it's something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historicalbuildings which are such a... they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they don't even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we don't live in continuity, the architecture doesn't continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17th century, and that would be a lie.Part II eco-conscious constructionAThe world’s first eco-city /off the coastAgricultural land /half a million /$1.3 billion /a sustainability consultantSustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model /minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power /power and fertilizers /electric cars英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 11 TourismPart IA1. resort3. Golden Mile4. stag and hen partiesThe south coast 1. its pier with theaters / restaurants 2.shoppingSouthwest 1. scenery2.warmer climate2. British surfing1. Blackpool2. South CornwellTranscript:Most visitors to the UK come here expecting the rain and miserable weather for which the country is famous. However, when summer finally does arrive, the British people like nothing more than packing their trunks and swimming costumes and heading for the coast. The UK is, after all, an island, and with 12,400 km of coastline to explore. Any visitor to the UK will be spoilt for choice. Here are some of the more famous resorts that you could expect to visit on a rip to BritainBlackpool, in the northwest of England, is the most visited resort in the UK. Each year around 6.5 to 7 million people come to enjoy the mile of sandy beaches, the 158 m Blackpool Tower and the 11 km-long Golden Mile, where there are entertainments, pubs, ice rinks and even a zoo. A firm family favorite, it has also become a popular destination for stag and hen parties.At the other end of the country on the south coast you can find Brighton. Until 1786, Brighton was a sleepy village. Then the future King George IV decided to build a residence there, and over the years Brighton grew into the large, cosmopolitan center it is now.A part from the beaches, Brighton is famous for its pier. On the pier there are theaters, entertainments and restaurants. Brighton is also fantastic for shopping.If you fancy traveling a little further, why not go to Cornwell inn the far southwest the UK? South Cornwell offers miles of sandy beaches andbeautiful scenery. The climate here is warmer than the rest of Britain and you can even find plan trees.For a bit more excitement, go to North Cornwell. The scenery here is more dramatic, and the beaches are famous for their powerful waves. As a result, North Cornwell has become the home f British surfing.One word of warning though, if you are using the roads in the UK on bank holidays or during school holidays, you can expect long traffic jams on the motorways. It might be better to take the train.Part IIAExcessive visitors (averaged 50,000 during golden weeks)Cultural relics in the museumAn electronic ticket checking system1). Real time record of the number of visitors inside the museum2). Maximum reception capacityThe flow of touristsTranscript:Troubled by excessive visitors, the Palace Museum or Forbidden Cityin Beijing will adopt an electronic ticket checking system and make the control of the flow of tourists. The new system will keep a real time record of the number of visitors inside the museum, and inform the ticket office to hold ticket sales onc e the number exceeds the musuem’s maximum reception capacity. The Palace Museum, on of the most comprehensive Chinese museums, in terms of history and art, was established on the foundation of the palace that was the ritual center during two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, and their collection of treasures. It has topped the must-see list of almost every visitor to the capital city. In recent years, the number of daily visitors to the Palace Museum averaged 50,000 during golden weeks, the week-long national holidays observed three times a year in China. Superfluous tourists have caused damage to cultural relics in the museum.。
step by step 2000第三册答案Unit 10 Tourism
Unit 10 TourismPart I Warming up1. Size of international tourism (1999)Tourism clearly counts as one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of the last century. It undoubtedly will keep this position for the century to come. Every year a bigger portion of the world population takes part in tourism activity and for the majority of countries tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors of economy.n International tourist arrivals: 664 millionn Increase over the previous year: 4.5%n International tourist receipts: US$455 billionn Increase over the previous year: 3.1%n Average receipts per arrival: US$6852. International tourism by means of transport (1999)Data for the last decade show that air and road transport are, by far, the means of transport most widely used by international tourists.n Air transport: 43%n Road transport: 42%n Rail transport: 7%n Sea transport: 8%3. International tourism by purpose of visit (1998)n Leisure, recreation, holidays: 62%n Business travel: 18%n Visiting friends and relatives, for health treatment, etc.: 20%In the last ten years especially, the share of this last category has been rising. This increase has basically detracted from the share of total trips made for leisure, recreation and holiday purposes, the share ascribed to travel for business and professional purposes having remained relatively stable.4. WTO long-term forecast tourism 2020 VisionTourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization's long-term forecast and assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium. -- International arrivals: 1.56 billiona. Intra-regional travelers: 1.18 billionb. Long-haul travelers: 0.38 billion-- Top three receiving regions:a. Europe: 717 millionPercentage of world arrivals in 2020: 46%b. East Asia and the Pacific: 397 millionPercentage of world arrivals in 2020: 25%c. Americas: 282 millionPercentage of world arrivals in 2020: 18%-- World average growth per year: 4.1%-- Growth in East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa per year:~5%Tapescript:1. Size of international tourismTourism clearly counts as one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of the last century. It undoubtedly will keep this position for the century to come. Every year a bigger portion of the world population takes part in tourism activity and for the majority of countries tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors of economy.World tourism has traditionally been measured in International Tourist Arrivals and International Tourist Receipts. According to preliminary results for 1999 the number of international tourists traveling in the world reached 664 million, an increase of 4.5 percent over the previous year. Receipts from international tourism rose by an estimated 3.1 percent in 1999 to reach US $455 billion. This means that worldwide the average receipts per arrival amounts to US $685.2. International tourism by means of transportData for the last decade show that air and road transport are, by far, the means of transport most widely used by international tourists. In 1999, air transport represented 43 percent of the total and road transport 42 percent. Rail transport accounts for 7 percent and sea transport for 8 percent. Over time a clear trend can be observed of a slow but steady increase of air transport at the expense of road transport.3. International tourism by purpose of visitAccording to figures up to 1998, leisure, recreation and holidays still represent the main purpose of visit, accounting for 62 percent. Business travel accounts for 18 percent of the total, the remaining 20 percent being represented by other motives, for example, visiting friends and relatives, for health treatment and other.In the last ten years especially, the share of this last category has been rising. This increase has basically detracted from the share of total trips made for leisure, recreation and holiday purposes, the share ascribed to travel for business and professional purposes having remained relatively stable.4. WTO long-term forecast tourism 2020 VisionTourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization's long-term forecast and assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium. WTO's T ourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are expected to reach over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.18 billion will be intra-regional and 0.38 billion will be long-haul travelers.The total tourist arrivals by region shows that by 2020 the top three receiving regions will be Europe (717 million tourists), East Asia and the Pacific (397 million), and the Americas (282 million), followed by Africa, the Middle East and South Asia.East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa are forecasted to record growth at a rate of over 5 percent per year compared to the world average of 4.1 percent. Europe will maintain the highest percentage of world arrivals, although there will be a decline from 60 percent in 1995 to 46 percent in 2020. By 2010 the Americas will lose its number two position to the East Asia and the Pacific region which will receive 25 percent of world arrivals in 2020 with the Americas decreasing from 19 percent in 1995 to 18percent in 2020.Part II Tourism in EuropeA.Place Problem(s) Cause(s)Lake District Footpaths becoming Too many walkerstrenchesSistine Chapel Frescoes being Breath and body heatdamagedNotre Dame Floor being eroded Too many visitorsStonework rotting Exhaust fumes from busesAlpine resorts Trees being killed Pollution from carslandslidesTapescript:The footpaths in the' Lake District have become trenches. The frescoes in the Sistine Chapel are being damaged by the breath and body heat of spectators. A hundred and eight people enter Notre Dame every minute: their feet are eroding the floor and the buses that bring them there are rotting the stonework with exhaust fumes. Pollution from cars queuing to get to Alpine resorts is killing the trees and causing landslides. In 1987 they had to close Venice one day because it was too full. In 1963 forty-four people went down the Colorado River on a raft; now there are a thousand trips a day.B11. What is the current situation and the outlook of world tourism?2. Why would Europe be a travelers' paradise?3. How can we know that Germany is among the leading generating countries in tourism?4. What kind of impact would the introduction of the Euro have on tourism in both the participating countries and the countries outside of Europe?B21. What's the number of international arrivals last year?613 million2. What's the number of international receipts in foreign currency last year?$448 billion3. How many international tourists and business travelers will there be by the year 2020 according to WTO's prediction?1.6 billion every year4. Why will Europe be a travelers' paradise according to the speaker?Because of the introduction of the Euro / elimination of exchange fees5. How many German tourist arrivals are recorded annually everywhere throughout the world?Some 77 million6. How many foreign visitors did Germany receive last year?16.5 million7. Why won't the Euro be a revolution?EU countries are already operating in a single market.8. Why will the Euro be a plus?a. The market will become more transparent.b. The market will be more stable.9. Why does the speaker say that the Euro area will be the world's tourism force?It'll gain the upper hand over the U.S. in all respects.Tapescript:Tourism is the world's leading foreign exchange earner. The industry set new records last year with 613 million international visitor arrivals. They were spending 448 billion dollars in foreign currency and there will be more. The World Tourism Organization predicts that by the year 2020, there will be 1.6 billion international tourists and business travelers every year. That will be about a quarter of the world's population on the move. And after that, the organization says, international arrivals will double every 20 years. Add in the Euro, which will effectively eliminate exchange fees in one of the world's most traveled continents, and Europe will be a travelers' paradise.Last year, Germany virtually equaled the U. S.A. among the leading generating countries. Obviously, for Germany's balance of payments, this is an especially weighty item of expenditure. But besides the fact that some 77 million German tourist arrivals are recorded annually everywhere throughout the world and that they are the main customers for many destinations, Germany's also an important tourist destination. Last year, in addition to domestic tourists, Germany received sixteen and a half million foreign visitors, which just goes to show that this industry creates many jobs and has already contributed significantly to the economic renewal of the eastern German states. Now with the major economic and monetary event just round the corner (and) the introduction of the Euro, not only Germany but all the other countries of the Euro zone stand to benefit."(For both) the consumer and the operators the Euro will not be a revolution but a plus." Not a revolution because they're already operating in a single market, and within the single market, they can operate, invest, buy and sell in all the countries that are member states of the European Union, not just those .that'll participate in the single currency. It'll be a plus for two reasons. One, the market will become more transparent. And one will be in the position to compare one's own situation with that (of) one's competitor( 's) who may be located in a different part of the Euro zone. The market will also be more stable because there'll be no longer any competitive devaluation of one's national currency against the other's. At the same time, it will be easy to work and to travel."... many different opinions: I personally think that it will be good. Because until now, until you have the.., the Euro in effect, which will be in 2002, I believe, that you have the money that you can touch so far you still have to change money. If you want to give tips, use your credit card, or whatever, you have to change money. And that costs you because banks or other facilities charge you an exchange rate. And this we will not have within the counties that are participating in the Euro. And I think that's a very positive effect. It might be something like 3, 4, or 5% more money for people traveling and that's a lot of money."So does that mean in effect that the introduction of the Euro will lead to an expansion of tourism within the participating countries?"I think it definitely will. But still countries outside of Europe will not suffer because they aredestinations that are attracting Germans and people want to travel to places that they like. And just because of the Euro, I don't think the overall travel patterns will change a lot."So in the final analysis, the Euro area will be the world's leading tourism force. It'll gain the upper hand over the U.S. in all respects, owing to the amount of foreign earnings, the surplus of the tourism balance with respect to the rest of the world, and the volume of external tourism generated. And on a more bilateral level, the Euro area will over-take its main competitor, the U. S., in visitor as well as monetary firms.Part III Pole to Pole 2000Duration of the expedition: 10 monthsParticipants of the expedition:n Number of participants: 8n Age: Between 20 and 25n From which countries? France, South Africa, Korea, Japan, Argentina, Canada, and the United StatesSome activities during the expedition:n Helping clean up rivers in Yukon Valleyn Assisting the homeless in New York Cityn Planting treesn Giving presentations to more than 4,500 students throughout North America Comments and remarks from some of the participants:n "It was a pretty bizarre environment for me to be in."n "They've come here with a passion and a will to succeed and are proving (them) every single day."n "That is the way to succeed and you break down those boundaries, because you can believe that your human potential is far greater than you're really aware of."n "I think my biggest challenge is to keep the same passion and the same enthusiasm that I had at the beginning."Tapescript.Eight young people from seven different countries are participating in a journey they will never forget. "Pole to Pole 2000" began in April at the North Pole, with its participants traveling by bicycle, skis, kayaks, and on foot, until they reached the South Pole in ten months. Robin Rupli reports on the journey that mixes high adventure with volunteerism and fostering environmental and humanitarian awareness around the world.The hardest part so far, concedes the Pole-to-Pole team, has been the North Pole. In April, after six weeks of training, eight young men and women between the ages of 20 and 25, of varying backgrounds and physical abilities, set out to travel the first 750 kilometers skiing across ice in temperatures of minus-thirty-seven degrees Celsius. They were stalked by polar bears and occasionally had to climb over ice that had buckled up into ridges ten meters high."And so, some days the team did three kilometers (a mile and a half) in eight hours of travel. So it was very stressful, but actually the team at that point was doing amazingly well. They regarded it as a huge playground and had a lot of fun with it."Team leader and founder of Pole to Pole, Martyn Williams has been leading adventure expeditions for thirty years and is the first man in the world to lead successful expeditionsto the North and South Poles and Mt Everest."And I've really seen how people on those expeditions have incredible ability and that our human potential is far more than we think it is. I've seen people, whether it's school kids or adults, do just amazing things once they set their minds to it. And I've also seen the state of the planet and how it's changing really rapidly. And so I thought, what can I do to combine those, my two insights, to make a difference?"In four months, the Pole-to-Pole team, whose members come from France, South Africa, Korea, Japan, Argentina, Canada and the United States, have helped clean up rivers in the Yukon Valley, assisted the homeless in New York City, planted thousands of trees, and given presentations to more than 4,500 students throughout North America. At a dinner honoring the team during their recent stop in Washington, Devlin Fogg, a wilderness guide from South Africa, talked about some of the adjustments he had to make."So here, this bushman arrives in Canada and I left home and it was thirty degrees Celsius and the sun was shining and I got to Canada and it was minus ten and it was the coldest I've ever been in. And it was the most snow I've .ever seen and it was a pretty bizarre environment for me to be in. But I didn't want to set any boundaries on myself, even though I knew in a month's time I would have to go and ski 450 miles, never having been on a pair of skis before."So how did you get over that?"Well, for me, it was about having a passion and a will to succeed. And that I think is a common element that you'll find in all of the team is that they've come here with a passion and a will to succeed and are proving (them) every single day, and as we have, to even get this far, that, that is the way to succeed and you break down those boundaries, because you can believe that your human potential is far greater than you're really aware of."Mercedes Rosauer, a biology student from Argentina, says she also faced many personal challenges when she decided to apply for the Pole-to-Pole adventure."For me, it was very risky at the beginning that I leave my home, leave my work, leave my dream, leave my family, leave my boyfriend to come here for nine months to share with eight different people, different backgrounds. Now that I'm here, I'm so proud. I'm delighted. I think my biggest challenge is to keep the same passion and the same enthusiasm that I had at the beginning. But it's the most rewarding experience I know."。
step by step3000 第二册答案 Unit 10- -
Unit 10Part I辉煌TaskA2. the Out-patient Department1. the Emergency Department5. the Physician Department8. the Laboratory9. the X-ray Department6. the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department7. the Dental Department-11. the Ward10. the Administrative Building4. the Dispensary3. the Surgery DepartmentTask B2 teaspoonfuls, not exceed 15 teaspoonfuls per dayHalf of the adult dosage, not exceed 7 teaspoonfuls per day Drowsiness1. exceed the recommended dosage2. children under 6,3. individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes.4. drive or operate machinery5. discontinue use and consult your physicianChronic coughTask Creducing risk of developing lung cancerwalking good effect on heartmay cause health problemsfresh, natural foodlife-enhancing and life-elongating'a healthier beingTask D1. they have found that fatness can spread from person to person in sociall groupsA friend / a 57% increased chance2. up to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young childrenThey can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death.3. extreme heatThe nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature and this causes great stress on the human body. 4. to rest for a short period in the middle of the dayOne study found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease.$Part II67% of Americans questionedwash their hands after using a public restroomreducing the spread of infectious diseasescolds, influenza, throat and ear infections, food poisoning, cholera, hepatitisa public information campaignsoap and hot water for at least 15 secondsPart IIITask A1. the lung, breast, liver, mouth~2. a. smokingb. alcohol usee. physical inactivityg. indoor smokeh. injectionsi. unsafe sexTask BFindings:1. 2.5 million, 9 factors that people can control4. one-third, unhealthy lifestyle and environmental exposures《5. twice6. preventable cancersSuggestions:1. lifestyle and environmental modifications2. risk factor reductionPart IVTask A42 doctors, dieticians, pharmacists board-certified doctors24 hours a day, seven days a week 24 hours a day, seven days a weekClearing house practice medicine]Free $50 per visitTask BAmerican’s doctor online:referring consumers back to their own physician or local resources listening to the consumers and having them ask questionsproviding free informationadvisingBoard-certified doctors’ website:Practicing medicinePrescribingTreating medical conditionsDiagnosing Advising 【。
Step by Step2000听力教程-2-答案unit10
Unit 10News (I)Part I Warming upTapescript.A1.EU --The European Union,is the result of a process of cooperation and integration which began in 1951between six countries.Today it has fifteen member states and its mission is to organize relations between the member states and between their peoples in a coherent manner and on the basis of solidarity.2.FAO-Food and Agricultural Organization,was established in 1945as an autonomous organization related to the United Nations.Its headquarters is in Rome.3.IMF-International Monetary Fund,is an autonomous body affiliated with the United Nations.Its headquarters is in Washington,D.C.4.OECD --The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,also known as a rich man's club,was formed in 1961with its secretariat in Paris.It groups 29member countries in an organization to discuss and develop economic and social policy.5.WHO-The World Health Organization;is a specializ ed agency of the United Nations.WHO was formed in 1948,with its headquarters inGeneva.6.WTO --The World Trade Organization,was formed on January 1st,w ww .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网1995as successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).It is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations,with its secretariat in Geneva.B.Tapescript:1.APEC --The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,established in 1989,has since become the primary regional vehicle for promoting open trade and practical economic cooperation among Asia-Pacific economies.Its secretariat is located in Singapore.2.ASEAN --The Association of Southeast Asian Nations,was formed in 1967by Indonesia,Malaysia,the Philippines,Singapore and Thailand to promote political and economic cooperation among the member countries.Now it encompasses all ten countries of Southeast Asia by admitting Cambodia,Brunei Darussalam,Vietnam,Laos and Myanmar.3.NATO --The North Atlantic Treat~,was created by a treaty signed in 1949among Belgium,Canada,Denmark,Iceland,Italy,Luxembourg,the Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,the United Kingdom and the United States.Greece,Turkey and Germany later joined the organization.4.NASA --The National Aeronautics and Space Administration,is a government agency in the U.S.5.OPEC --The Organiz ation of Petroleum Exporting Countries,was created in 1960.Among its members are Algeria,Ecuador,Indonesia,Iran,w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网Iraq,Kuwait,Libya,Nigeria,and Saudi Arabia.6.UNESCO-The United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,is an agent of the UN with its headquarters in Paris.7.UNICEF --The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund,an integral part of the United Nations system,was created at the end of World War II to relieve the suffering of children in war torn Europe.For more than 53years UNICEF has been helping governments,communities and families make the world a better place for children.Its headquarters is in New York.C Tapescript 1.Arab leaders have ended an emergency summit in Cairo.2.Chinese Prime Minister Zhu Rongji has arrived in the Middle Western City of Chicago,Illinois.It is the fourth stop on his 9-day visit to theUnited States.3.FINLAND-Citiz ens have elected their country's first woman President of the Social Democratic Party.4.Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafathave met for the first time in two months.5.AT THE UNITED NATIONS --Portugal and Indonesia have reestablished diplomatic relations.6.South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has been named the winner of w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网the Nobel Peace Priz e.7.Tens of thousands of people in France have held demonstrations against growing unemp1oment.8.Two French newsmen held hostage for two and one half months are flying home to France.9.Two hundred more families separated by the Korean War have been reunited.Part IINews itemsA .N ow listen to the first plete the summary for the new news s items and answer the questions you hear on the tape.1.The news items are about the talks between Palestinian leader and Egyptian President on Middle East peace efforts and Mr.Arafat's view on the opening of the U.S.embassy in east Jerusalem.2.a.WHEN?On Tuesday.b.WHAT?It sealed off a West Bank village near Nabulus.Tapescript:1.Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat has met in Egypt with President Hosni Mubarak.They discussed Middle East peace ter,Mr.Arafat said the United States should open its embassy for Palestinians in east st month,President Clinton said he was considering moving w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网the American embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.On Tuesday,Mr.Clinton travels to Cairo for talks with Mr.Mubarak.2.Palestinian leader Yasser Ararat met with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak Saturday to review the status of Israeli Palestinian peace negotiations.On returning to Gaz a from the Egyptian port city of Alexandria,Mr.Arafat suggested the United States open its embassy for Palestinians in east Jerusalem.Meanwhile,the Israeli army has sealed off a West Bank village near the town of Nfibulus.Witnesses say the sound of guns could be heard as Israeli helicopters circled over Ashila Ashamalia.Questions.a.When will Mr.Clinton travel to Cairo?b.What was the Israeli army doing at the same time?B Now L i sten to the second pair of news plete the newssummary and answer the quest questii ons you hear on the tape.l.The news items are about the building of a railroad and a road that link Pyongyang and Seoul.2.a.WHEN?On Monday.b.WHAT?A special road that 'will connect Northeast Asia toEurope through China and Russia.c.WHAT?They will remove underground bombs/clear landmines at the border.w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网d.WHEN?In one year.Tapescript1.SOUTH KOREA --Work will begin Monday on a new railroad and a road that will link Pyongyang in North Korea and Seoul in South Korea.The first railroad was cutat the beginning of the Korean War 50years ago.South Korean President Kim Dae Jung has called the new !ink "a special road that will connect Northeast Asia to Europe through China and Russia.'Thousands of soldiers on both sides will put down their weapons to help with the 20-kilometer transportation project.Officials said the soldiers will remove tens of thousands of underground bombs.2.South Korea begins work in just hours on a railway and highway,linking the capitals of the two Koreas,a sign of growing reconciliation after a half century of hostility.Starting on Monday,thousands of soldiers from both the North and South put aside their weapons to help with the work.Among other things,the soldiers must clear land mines within the demilitarized z one at the border.The project should be completed in one year.Questions.a.When will the project begin?b.What does President Kim Dae Jung call the new link?c.What will the soldiers on both sides do to help with the work?d.When will the project be finished?w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网C Here is the final pair of news items.Listen carefully,comp compll ete the news summary and answer the fol followinglowing questions you hear on the tape .1.The two news items are about the talks among the Presidents of South Africa,Nigeria and Zimbabwe on the political and economic problems in Zimbabwe.2.a.WHAT?The land reform program.b.HOW MANY?Most of the 4,500farms/several thousandfarms.c.WHY?Because the government wants to give them to the blacks who have no land.Tape Tapesc sc script:ript:1.HARARE --South African President Thabo Mbeki has arrived in Zimbabwe for talks with President Robert Mugabe.They are to discuss the political and economic problems of Zimbabwe Nigerian President Olusegtm Obasanjo is expected to join the talks when he arrives in Harare later Thursday .Officials say the main discussion will be about Zimbabwe's disputed land reform program.The government plans to seiz e most of the4,500farms owned by whites and give them to blacks who have no land.2.Presidents of South Africa and Nigeria are meeting in Harare with their Zimbabwean counterpart for talks focusing on the country's social and economic crisis.Officials say Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe's w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网controversial land reform program will be on the agenda.His government has identified several thousand white-owned farms it plans to redistribute to landless blacks without compensations for the owners.Questions:a.What will the main discussion be about?b.How many farms does the government plan to seiz e from the whites?c.Why does the government plan to seiz e those farms?Part IIIIsrael early elections A.The political situation in IsraelFormer Prime Minister:Mr.Benjamin Netaanyaahu Mr.Barak winning a victory over Netanyahu in 1999Ariel Sharon's visit to a holy place in Jerusalem,resulting in violence in the West Bank and Gaz aMr.Barak losing support for his failure a.to end the violence in the West Bank and Gaz a,andb.to reach a final peace agreement with the Palestinians Mr.Barak's announcementto call early elections in April or MayPossible candidates for Prime Minister:a.Ehud Barak:leader of the Labor Partyb.Ariel Sharon:leader of the Likud Party w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网c.Benjamin Netanyahu:a Likud Party memberB.N ow L i sten to the news report again and answer the following questions with key words.1.How many people died in the violence in the West Bank and Gaz a?about 300people2.When did Israel occupy the West Bank and Gaz a?in 19673.What proposals did Mr.Barak offer to Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat?Did Yasser Arafat accept them?Palestinian rule/over 90%/the West Bankand Gaz a/reje cted 4.Why did Ariel Sharon visit Jerusalem?show Israeli control/Holy City 5.What do the Palestinians want?a permanent agreement Palestine/east Jerusalem/capitalTapescript:Israel has begun to prepare for early elections expected in April or May.Prime Minister Ehud Barak agreed to call early elections in a surprise announcement this week.Parliament had threatened to dismiss hisgovernment and force new elections.Mr.Barak has lost support for failing to end the violence in the West Bank and Gaz a.About 300people have died so far,mostly Palestinians.Israel took control of those areas in the 1967war.Palestinian w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网protesters demand an end to Israeli occupation.Mr.Barak is also blamed for failing to reach a final peace agreement in talks near Washington in July.Mr.Barak offered Palestinian rule over 90percent of the West Bank and Gaz a.Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat rejected his proposals.Mr.Barak is a former general who campaigned for office on promises to work for peace.He heads the Labor Party.Israelis elected him to a four-year term in May of 1999.Mr.Barak won a huge victory over former Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.anyahu withdrew from politics after his defeat.But observers say he is preparing for a return.In fact,they say he could defeat Ariel Sharon,the leader of the opposition Likud Party,as that party's candidate for Prime Minister.Many people blame Ariel Sharon for the current situation in the Palestinian territories.The violence began in September,after he visited a holy place in Jerusalem sacred to both Muslims and Jews.With him were hundreds of Israeli soldiers and police.He said he wanted to show Israeli control over the Holy City,For the past several weeks,Prime Minister Barak had been seeking an emergency coalition with Likud in an effort to end the violence.But he refused to give Mr.Sharon the power to veto peace efforts.Ariel Sharon is strongly disliked among Arabs for his part in Israel's invasion of w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网southern Lebanon.Mr.Barak will remain Prime Minister until the elections.Experts say in order for him to win a second term,he must reduce the violence in the West Bank and Gaz a.They say he also needs a major peace deal with the Palestinians.The Palestinians say they want a permanent agreement,one that would create an independent Palestine with east Jerusalem as its capital.Part IV Short talks on listening skillsThe "Inverted Pyramid"in News ReportingBroadcasting news in English has some particular characteristics,such as its style,its structure,the choice of words,and the logical order of presentation,etc.The standardized narrative procedure in news reporting is often called the "inverted pyramid.'That is to say,the most important information is usually included in the news lead.And a news lead,in a sense,is also a condensed form of a complete news story.Each succeeding sentence becomes less significant,providing further information on the "who,""what,""where,""when"or "how."If we want to sum up a certain news item,we can take words from either inside or outside the news stories.We can say,for example,"this news item is about somebody's view on something,'or "it's about the relationship between country A and country B.'Other words such as w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网comments,remarks,attitudes,analysis canalso be very useful.Apart from current news,radio reports on some breakthroughs in science and technology also help update our knowledge about the world.However,vocabulary has proved to be a problem that often hinders our understanding of the new information.Therefore,in order to enhance our ability in listening,words that frequently appear in some popular science programs should be carefully studied.Besides,if we have a close examination of the experiment reports,we may find that they are often divided into different parts or paragraphs on the "subjects,"the "test or experiment procedures,"the "observations,"the "findings or results''and so on.This kind of knowledge also helps us in following the latest developments in science.w w w .k h d a w .c o m 课后答案网。
(完整版)step by step3000 第二册答案 Unit 10- -
Unit 10Part I辉煌TaskA2。
the Out—patient Department1。
the Emergency Department5。
the Physician Department8。
the Laboratory9。
the X-ray Department6。
the Eye， Ear, and Throat Department7. the Dental Department11. the Ward10。
the Administrative Building4. the Dispensary3. the Surgery DepartmentTask B2 teaspoonfuls, not exceed 15 teaspoonfuls per dayHalf of the adult dosage， not exceed 7 teaspoonfuls per day Drowsiness1。
exceed the recommended dosage2. children under 63。
individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease， or diabetes. 4。
drive or operate machinery5。
discontinue use and consult your physicianChronic coughTask Creducing risk of developing lung cancerwalking good effect on heartmay cause health problemsfresh, natural foodlife-enhancing and life-elongatinga healthier beingTask D1。
they have found that fatness can spread from person to person in sociall groupsA friend / a 57% increased chance2。
stepbystep3000第二册unit10答案
Unit 10Part I warming upAFirst of all, locate the gate at the bottom of the page. When you walk into the compound, the first building on your right is the Out-Patient Department (2), the first on your left is the Emergency Department (1). If you want to go to the Physicians Department, take the first turn on the left and walk straight ahead. You’ll see a fountain spring. Pass by it and walk in the same direction, you’ll see the Physician Department (5). If you want to get your blood tested in the Laboratory, walk straight along the Main Road until you reach a roundabout. Turn left from the roundabout and walk a few minutes. Take the right turn and the first building coming into your sight is the Laboratory (8). Another building on the X-ray Department (9). If you turn left from the roundabout and walk ahead until you reach the end of the road, you will see the Eye, Ear, and Throat Department(6). The building next to it to the north is the Dental Department (7). If you want to visit your relatives or friends who are hospitalized, you got the Ward, which is not difficult to find. Take the right turnfrom the roundabout and a small lake will come into your view. The winding road along the lake will lead you to the Ward (11). If you go past the roundabout and walk along the Main Road for a few minutes, you will see a building on your right. That’s the Administrative Building (10). Well, where do we get the medicines? From the Dispensary (4). That’s the building facing the Out-Patient Department on the north side of the road. Another building on the north side of the road is the Surgery Department(3).B:2 teaspoonfuls, not exceed 15 teaspoonfuls per day.Half of the adult dosage, not exceed 7 teaspoonfuls per dayDrowsinessExceed recommended dosageChildren under 6Individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetesDrive or operate machineryDiscontinue use and consult your physicianChronic coughRemember to check the dosage before you take this medicine. Adults twelve years old and over take two teaspoonfuls, but do not exceed fifteen teaspoonfuls per day. Children six years old to twelve take half of the adult dosage, but do not exceed seven teaspoonfuls per day. And here are the warnings you should keep in mind. Do not exceed the recommended dosage unless directed by a physician. Do not administer to children under six years old or to individuals with high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes. This preparation many cause drowsiness. Do not drive or operate machinery while taking this medication. Chronic cough is dangerous. If relief does not occur within three days, discontinue use and consult your physician.C:Reducing risk of developing lung cancerWalking good effect on heart Health problemsFresh, natural foodLife-enhancing and life-elongatingA healthier being.Tea contains natural chemicals. These chemicals block the action of some substances produced in the bodies that cause cancer. Tea contains the same substances in fruits and vegetables. Dri nking tea could protect people’s health. Cigarette smokers of any age reduce their risk of developing lung cancer when they stop smoking. It is never too late to stop smoking.Walking has a good effect on the heart because it reduces blood pressure, blood sugar and blood cholesterol level. It is never too late to start exercising.Vitamins are necessary for good health. However, extremely large amounts of some vitamins may cause health problems. It is far better to get vitamins from eating fresh, natural food than from taking vitamin pillsLaughter is one of the most wonderful release. It releases the chemical that is life-enhancing and life-elongating. It heals wounds and promotes a healthier being.D:They have found that fatness can spread form person to person in social groups.A friend / a 57% increased chanceup to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young childrenThey can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death.extreme heatThe nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature and this causes great stress on the human bodyto rest for a short period in the middle of the dayOne study found that persons who sleep fro a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease.Researchers say they have found that fatness can spread from person to person in social groups. When one person gains weight, close friends often gain weight, too. The study was published last month in the New England Journal of Medicine. The study showed that when a person becomes severely overweight, there is a 57% increasedchance that one of their friends will be, too. A sister or brother of the overweight person has a 40% increased chance of becoming fat. The increased risk for a wife or husband is a little less than that.2. in the United States, experts estimate that up to 4% of adults and up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30，000 cases of anaphylaxis, a sever reaction that requires immediate treatment. It can result in trouble breathing and in some cases death. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases say 100 to 200 people die. It says most of the reactions resulted from peanuts and tree nuts such as walnuts.3. floods, storms and other natural events kill thousands of people every year. So does extreme heat. Experts say heat may be nature’s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than 100 people in India. Daytime temperatures rose to more than 45 degrees Celsius in some areas. On June eleventh, the temperature in one desert town hit 51 degrees. Experts say the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say heatwaves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much form the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.4. medical experts say most Americans do not get enough sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before continuing with other activities. One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less likely to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 23,000 Greek adults for about 6 years. Adults s who rested for half an hour at least three times a week had a 37% lower risk of dying form heart disease than those who did not nap.Part IIB67% of Americans questionedWash their hands after using a public restroomReducing the spread of infectious diseasesColds, influenza, throat and ear infections, food poisoning, cholera, hepatitisA public information campaignSoap and hot water for at least 15 seconds.听力原文：Health experts say washing your hands reduces the spread of viruses and other organisms that cause disease. This advice may sound simple. However experts say a lot of people do not follow it.A recent study found that many Americans fail to wash their hands after using public toilets. More than 95% of Americans questioned said they always wash their hands after using public restrooms. However, the study found that only 67% o f them actually do so. The study also found that American men are less likely than women to wash their hands after suing a public restroom.The American Society for Microbiology announced the findings. Judy Daly works for the group. She admits thathand washing may seem an unusual subject to study. But she says hand washing is a very serious issue. Experts say hand washing is the simplest and most effective way to reduce the spread of infectious diseases.Infections can spread by touching surfaces that have harmful organisms on them. Shaking hands with another person also can spread infection. Harmful bacteria may enter your body if you touch your mouth, nose or eyes. Among the most common infections spread by hand are colds, influenza, and throat and ear infections. In addition, millions of food poisoning cases each year are blamed on people who prepare food who do not wash their hands. More serious diseases like cholera and hepatitis are spread this way, too.Many patients in hospitals also get infections. Some die from them. The spread of infections often is blamed on health workers who do not wash their hands after treating patients.The American Society of Microbiology has launched a public information campaign to get more people to wash their hands. Experts say following the correct method is important. You should wash your hands with soap and hotwater for at least 15 seconds.ModificationPart IIIA1.the lung, breast, liver, mouth2.a. smokingb. alcohol usee. physical inactivityg. indoor smokeh. injectionsI unsafe sex.B1.2.5 million / 9 factors that people can control3.1/3 / unhealthy lifestyle and environmental exposures5. twice6. preventable cancers.1.l ifestyle and environmental modification2.r isk factor reduction听力原文U. S. , Australasian, and New Zealand scientists report in the journal Lancet that nine factors that people and societies can control cause nearly 2.5 million cancer cases each year. That is about 1/3 of the seven million annual global total.These include caners of the lung, breast, bladder, cervix, liver, pancreas, mouth and digestive tract.Leading the list of causes is smoking, which the researchers say is responsible for 20% of preventable cancers. Alcohols use and low consumption of fruits andvegetable cause another 5% each. Also significant are overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, urban air pollution, indoor smoke from household cooking, contaminated injections in health clinics, and unsafe sex. One of the study’s co-authors, Harvard University public health researcher Majid Ezzati, says the statistics reflect data on cancer deaths in 2001. He expects an increase in the proportion of death from these risk factors.“The estimates that we have are looking at what happens today as a result of past exposure. So one-third of cancer deaths today would have been avoided had these lifestyle and environmental exposures not been present. If we were to speculate about the future, we could actually say morethan one in every three cancer deaths could be avoided because things such as smoking actually have been going up in many countries in the world, so we actually haven’t seen the full effects of it yet. ”The new study finds that developing countries had more than twice as many preventable cancer deaths as rich nations. Among the developing regions, Eastern Europe and Central Asia had the highest proportion of cancer deaths attributable to the nine risk factors --- 39 percent compared to the global average of 35 percent. Furthermore, Mr. Ezzati says twice as many men as women died from such cancers.Mr. Ezzati and his colleagues say that the best option for reducing the increasing global burden of cancer is through lifestyle and environmental modifications because medical science is not close to controlling it. Despite the drive to seek cancer cures, they point out that advancesin treatment have not been as effective as for other chronic diseases, and effective screening methods are available for only a few cancers.“There is a huge amount of resources going in to the war on cancer and to biomedical technologies. It is certainly not matched by equivalent research and application of risk factor reduction. So I think should be a reminder of how large the role of prevention can be for reducing cancer deaths.”Part D1．42 doctors, dieticians, pharmacists2．24 hours a day, seven days a week 3．Clearing house4．Free1.board-certified doctors2.24 hours a day, sevendays a week3.practice medicine4.$50 per visitIs there a doctor in the house? The answer is always yes if you have a computer and a modern at home.Did you forget to ask your doctor an important question on your last visit? Has another issue come up? No problem. You can get in touch with a doctor via the internet at nay hour of the day or night. In just the past few months, hundreds of doctors have gone on line 24 hours a day, seven days a week.Owings Mills, Maryland in the Washington DC suburbs is the headquarters of “America’s Doctor Online.”42 primary care doctors as well as dieticians andpharmacists provide free information ot cllers with health questions. The firm’s founder is Dr Scott Rifkin“we are not trying to practice medicine. We are trying to give consumers good information on hteir various healthcare issues. We are not going to diagnose. We are not going to prescribe. We are going to listen to the consumer, and have them ask us questions and then give them information that they need most. The idea is to give them directed information tha t’s usable to the consumer.”Dr Rifkin told ABC News that America’s Doctor Online acts as a clearing house for the hundreds of thousands of responses a web browser might turn up in answer to a question. The online health professionals don’t diagnose or treat medical conditions. And they don’t charge for their service. They are not known by their names but by Amdoc Number 3 or 4 or whatever.“our physicians are very carefully trained to not practice medicine and to always refer ”。
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4. WTO long-term forecast tourism 2020 Vision Tourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization's long-term
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been rising. This increase has basically detracted from the share of total
position for the century to come. Every year a bigger portion of the world population takes part in tourism activity and for the majority of countries
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in the world reached 664 million, an increase of 4.5 percent over the
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sectors of economy.
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percent. Rail transport accounts for 7 percent and sea transport for 8 percent. Over time a clear trend can be observed of a slow but steady increase of air transport at the expense of road transport. 3. International tourism by purpose of visit According to figures up to 1998, leisure, recreation and holidays still represent the main purpose of visit, accounting for 62 percent. Business travel accounts for 18 percent of the total, the remaining 20
percent being represented by other motives, for example, visiting friends and relatives, for health treatment and other.
In the last ten years especially, the share of this last category has
previous year.ourism rose by an estimated
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3.1 percent in 1999 to reach US $455 billion. This means that worldwide the average receipts per arrival amounts to US $685. 2. International tourism by means of transport Data for the last decade show that air and road transport are, by far, the means of transport most widely used by international tourists. In 1999, air transport represented 43 percent of the total and road transport 42
4. WTO long-term forecast tourism 2020 Vision
Tourism 2020 Vision is the World Tourism Organization's long-term
years of the new millennium.
-- International arrivals: 1.56 billion
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b. Long-haul travelers: 0.38 billion
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forecast and assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20
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-- World average growth per year: 4.1% -- Growth in East Asia and the Pacific, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa per year: ~5% Tapescript: 1. Size of international tourism Tourism clearly counts as one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of the last century. It undoubtedly will keep this
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� Increase over the previous year: 4.5%
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� Leisure, recreation, holidays: 62% � Business travel: 18% � Visiting friends and relatives, for health treatment, etc.: 20% In the last ten years especially, the share of this last category has been rising. This increase has basically detracted from the share of total trips made for leisure, recreation and holiday purposes, the share ascribed to travel for business and professional purposes having remained relatively stable.
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2. International tourism by means of transport (1999) Data for the last decade show that air and road transport are, by far,
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� International tourist receipts: US$455 billion
trips made for leisure, recreation and holiday purposes, the share ascribed to travel for business and professional purposes having remained relatively stable.
� International tourist arrivals: 664 million
� Increase over the previous year: 3.1% � Average receipts per arrival: US$685
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the means of transport most widely used by international tourists. � Air transport: 43% � Road transport: 42% � Rail transport: 7% � Sea transport: 8% 3. International tourism by purpose of visit (1998)
expected to reach over 1.56 billion by the year 2020. Of these worldwide arrivals in 2020, 1.18 billion will be intra-regional and 0.38 billion will be long-haul travelers.
tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing
World tourism has traditionally been measured in International Tourist Arrivals and International Tourist Receipts. According to preliminary results for 1999 the number of international tourists traveling
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forecast and assessment of the development of tourism up to the first 20 years of the new millennium. WTO's Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts that international arrivals are
population takes part in tourism activity and for the majority of countries
tourism has developed as one of the most dynamic and fastest growing sectors of economy.
a. Intra-regional travelers: 1.18 billion
-- Top three receiving regions: