Copper Leaching Behavior from Waste Printed Circuit Board in Ammoniacal Alkaline Solution
氨浸法回收铜冶炼污泥中的铜
1 8.027 5
5
0.114 1
50.4
2 8.024 4
10
0.121 4
53.7
3 8.043 6
15
0.118 0
53.9
4 8.008 8
18
0.122 654.3Leabharlann 5 8.021 020
0.123 1
54.5
6 8.032 8
25
0.124 8
55.1
1.3.3 反应温度试验
称取 8.0 g 干污泥，其它试验条件不变，改变试
称取 8.0 g 干污泥，改变反应时间(1、2、3、4 h)， 温度 55 ℃，其它试验条件不变，用 10%的氨水做 浸出试验，将浸出液蒸发得氢氧化铜沉淀，干燥称 重后计算浸出率，实验结果见表 5。
表 5 反应时间试验结果
序号
样品 质量/g
反应时 间/h
氢氧化铜 质量/g
1
8.017 0
1
0.122 9
采矿英语术语
abandoned drives 'bndnd draivs 废巷道abrasion resistance 'brein ri'zistns 抗磨蚀能力abrasive 'breisiv 磨料absorbent b's:bnt 吸收剂access ramp 'kses rmp 出入沟,出入引道accessory minerals k'sesri 'minrls 副矿物accidental explosion ,ksi'dentl ik'splun 意外爆炸Accumulated losses 累计亏损Acid Mine Drainage 矿山酸性废水Acidic run-off water from mine waste dumps and mill tailings ponds containing sulphide minerals. Also refers to ground water pumped to surface from mines.acid mine water 'sid main 'w:t 酸性矿水acid resistant 'sid ri'zistnt 耐酸的acid rock 'sid rk 酸性岩acidite 'sidait 酸性岩acidulation 酸化acquirer投资主体Acquisition premium 收购溢价activated charcoal 'ktiveitid 'tɑ:kul 活性煤activator 'ktiveit 活化剂adamic earth 'dmik :θ 红粘土additive 'ditiv 添加剂adhere d'hi 粘着adhesion force d'hi:n f:s 粘附力Adit 'dit 平硐An opening driven horizontally into the side of a mountain or hill for providing access to a mineral deposit.adit collar 'dit 'kl 平硐口adit cut mining 'dit kt 'maini 平硐开采adjustable prop 'dstbl prp 伸缩式支柱Administration and Corporate expenses行政管理及公司费用Administrative expenses 管理费用adobe blasting 'dubi 'blɑ:sti 裸露装药爆破adobe shot 'dubi t 裸露装药爆破advancement d'vɑ:nsmnt, d'vns- 掘进advancing along the strike d'vɑ:nsi 'l straik 沿走向掘进Aeromagnetic survey 航磁测绘 A geophysical survey using a magnetometer aboard, or towed behind, an aircraft.AFC-The armored face conveyor.工作面皮带输送机 Used on the coal face of an underground mine to protect the workers and convey the coal to the crusher Agate 'ɡt 玛瑙Agglomerate 'ɡlmrt, -reit, 'ɡlmreit 集块岩aggregate thickness 'ɡriɡt, 'ɡriɡeit 'θiknis 总厚度Agitation .搅动,搅拌 In metallurgy, the act or state of being stirred or shaken mechanically, sometimes accomplished by the introduction ofcompressed air.Air Crossing- ε 'kr:si 气流交汇点A place where return air and fresh cross over but are still divided.air flow ε flu 气流air intake ε 'inteik 进气口air vent ε vent 气孔,排气口Airborne survey 航测 A survey made from an aircraft to obtain photographs, or measure magnetic properties, radioactivity, etc.airleg ε leɡ气腿式钻机,风动钻架Alloy 合金 A compound of two or more metals.Alluvium 冲积层；冲积土 Relatively recent deposits of sedimentary material laid down in river beds, flood plains, lakes, or at the base of mountain slopes. adj. alluvial.Alteration 蚀变 Any physical or chemical change in a rock or mineral subsequent to its and more localised than metamorphism.Alunite 'ljunait 明矾石anchor bolts 固定螺栓Ancillary Equipment k'sesri i'kwipmnt 辅助设备ANFO 氨油炸药 Acronym for ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, a mixture used as a blasting agent in many mines.angle of dip 'ɡl dip 倾角anisotropic ,naisu'trpik .各向异性的Anomaly 异常状态Any departure from the norm which may indicate the presence of mineralisation in the underlying bedrock.anthracite 'nθrsait 无烟煤 A hard, black coal containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. anticline 'ntiklain 背斜 An arch or fold in layers of rock shaped like the crest of a wave.anticlinorium ,ntiklai'n:rim 复背斜asbestos z'bests 石棉asphalt 'sflt 沥青asphyxia s'fiksi, suffocation ,sf'kein, gassing 'ɡsi 窒息Assay 化验；分析；鉴定,测定A chemical test performed on a sample of ores or minerals to determine the amount of valuable metals contained. Assay Foot 化验尺度metre, inch,centimetreAssessment Work 例行评估工作 The amount of work, specified by mining law that must be performed each year in order to retain legal control of mining claims.Asset classified as held for sale供出售资产associate bed 'sui,eitid bed 伴生层attributable to the owners of the parent entity归属母公司的auger drill ':ɡ dril 螺旋钻auger mining ':ɡ 'maini 螺旋钻采矿法augite ':dait 辉石autoclave ':tkleiv: 高压灭菌器 a closed strong vessel for conducting chemical reactions under high pressure and temperature.Autogenous Grinding 自磨 The process of grinding ore in a rotating cylinder using large pieces of the ore instead of conventional steel balls or rods. Back bk 巷道顶部The back is the roof or overhead surface of an underground opening.back fill bk fil : 采空区充填Waste material used to fill the void created by mining an orebodybackfill cure 'bkfil kju 回填物凝固Backhoe bkhu 反铲挖土机Backwardation 证券交割延期费;A situation when the cash or spot price of a metal stands at a premium over the price of the metal for delivery at a forward date.Balance sheet资产负债表ball mill b:l mil 球磨厂: a rotating horizontal cylinder in which ore is ground using various types of grinding media including iron balls. Basalt 'bs:lt 玄武岩An extrusive volcanic rock composed primarily of plagioclase, pyroxene and some olivine.Base metal 基本金属,贱金属铜、铅、锌、镍等 Any non-precious metal . copper, lead, zinc and nickel etc.Basement rocks 基岩 The underlying or older rock mass. Often refers to rocks of Precambrian age which may be covered by younger rocks.Basic earnings loss per share 每股收益亏损basset 'bsit 矿层露头batch testwork 批量试验,小试Batholith 岩基 A large mass of igneous rock extending to great depth with its upper portion domelike in shape. Similar, smaller masses of igneous rocks are known as bosses or plugs.Batter 'bt 平台坡面Baulk- b:k 方形木材支柱Squared, round or half round timber beam set across roadway for roof support.bauxite 'b:ksait 铝土矿BCM-bank cubic meter 实立方米数BCMs Mined 开采的实立方米数BCM实立方米'kr:s bank cubic metersBed bed ,deposit di'pzit, field 'fi:ld 矿床Bedding 'bedi 层理bedrock ,bed'rk 基岩Beginning equity 期初权益Bench crest bent krest 台阶坡顶Bench height bent hait 台阶高度Bench slope bent slup 台阶坡面角Bench toe bent tu 台阶坡底Benching 'benti 切割巷道底部Stripping the floor. Mining the floor of adrive to lower its level/elevation.Beneficiate选矿,富集 To concentrate or enrich; often applied to the preparation of iron ore for smelting.beneficiation beni,fii'ein 选矿beneficiation machinery beni,fii'ein m'i:nri 选矿机械beneficiation method beni,fii'ein 'meθd 选矿方法beneficiation reagent beni,fii'ein ri:'eidnt 选矿试剂benefits packaging 津贴方案Berm interval b:m 'intvl 平台高度Berms b:ms 平台Berryman- 'berimn 电瓶车司机 The troop transport that ferries the workers from the surface to the coal face or around the mine.BFS 银行可贷款程度的可行性研究bankable feasibility studybio-concentration 'baiu-,knsn'trein 生物浸出Bio-leaching 生物淋滤,湿法冶金 A process for recovering metals from low-grade ores by dissolving them in solution,the dissolution being aided by bacterial action.biotite 'baitait 黑云母 A platy magnesium-iron mica, common in igneous rocks.Blast Engineering 'blst ,endi'niri 爆破工程blast hole 'blst hul 爆破钻孔 A drill hole in a mine that is filled with explosives in order to blast loose a quantity of rock.Blasting 'blɑ:sti 爆破Blasting Patterns 'blɑ:sti 'ptns 布孔方式block cave method blk keiv 'meθd 崩落采矿法 An inexpensive method of mining in which large blocks of ore are undercut,causing the ore to break or cave under its own weight.Block Model blk 'mdl 块段模型Geology Block model, The tonnes, grade and metal generate by software package. a three dimensional mathematical representation of a volume of mineralisation used to estimate tonnage and grade of a deposit.Boot End bu:t end 受料漏斗- The receiving hopper situated at the end of the panel conveyor. It accepts the coal from the shuttle carBord-b:d Bord矿房, from bord and pillar mining.bore plug 'b:rplɡ钻孔岩样Borer 'b:r, drill dril, drilling machine 'drili m'i:n 钻机boring 'b:ri , drilling 'drili 钻探、钻进boundary 'baundri 分界线Box cut bks kt ,开段沟,井口区Brattice 'brtis 防火服A fire resistant fabric or clothBrattice 'brtis 屏蔽墙A temporary wall of light construction, usually made from Hessian or loose weave fabric. Brattices are usually installed to separate intake fresh and exhaust airflows.Break Loosely 断裂充填带 used to describe a large-scale regional shearzone or structural fault.Breccia 'breti 角砾岩: A rock in which angular fragments are surrounded by a mass of fine-grained minerals.Broken Reserves 破碎储量 The ore in a mine which has been broken by blasting but which has not yet been transported to surface.brow brau 巷道与采空区衔接处brown coal braun kul 褐煤Brushing 'bri 扩大巷道Digging up the bottom or taking out the top to make more headroom in roadwaysBSL- Beam Stage Loader bi:m steid 'lud 皮带卸料机. Connects the AFC to the main gate conveyorBucket fill factor 'bkit fil 'fkt 满斗系数Bucket wheel excavators 'bkit hwi:l 'eksk,veits斗轮挖掘机Bulk Mining 大规模开采Any large-scale, mechanised method of mining involving many thousands of tonnes of ore being brought to surface per day. Bulkhead-'bkhed 牛鼻楔A tight partition of wood, rock, and mud or concrete in mines for protection against gas, fire, and water.Burden 'b:dn负担,爆破台阶抵抗线宽度By-Product Credits副产品收入抵扣Byproduct 副产品 A secondary metal or mineral product recovered in the milling process.C1 Cash Cost C1现金成本C1 Cash Margin C1现金毛利C2 Production Cost C2 生产成本C3 Total Costs C3总成本Cablebolt 'keiblbult 钢索锚杆Calcite 'klsait 方解石Capex as % of sales 资本支出占销售收入比例Capex- Capital expenses资本性开支Capital and operating costs 'kpitl 'preiti ksts 投资和作业成本capital gain tax资本利得税Capitalised mining costs 资本化的采矿成本carbon circuit 'kɑ:bn 's:kit 炭回路 activated carbon is used to collect gold from the leach dump solution and a chemical process is subsequently used to recover gold from the carbon.Carbonaceous ,kɑ:bu'neis: 碳的,碳质的,含碳的containing carbon or coal, especially shale or other rock containing small particles of carbon distributed throughout the whole mass.carbon-in-leach "CIL"'kɑ:bn li:t 碳浸法 A method of recovering gold and silver, in which a slurry of gold/silver-bearing ore, carbon, and cyanide are mixed together. The cyanide dissolves the gold, which is subsequently absorbed by the activated carbon whose base is usually ground coconut . carbon-in-pulp "CIP"'kɑ:bn plp 碳浆法 process: this process is used to recover gold that has been dissolved after cyanide leach agitation. Pulp,after cyanidation, is mixed in a series of agitators with coarse activated carbon particles. Carbon is moved counter-current to the pulp, absorbing gold as it passes through the circuit. Loaded carbon is removed by screening from the lead agitated tank. Gold is recovered from the loaded carbon by stripping at elevated temperature and pressure in a caustic cyanide solution. This high-grade solution is then passed through an electrolytic cell, where gold powder is deposited on a stainless steel woven wire cathode. The gold powder is washed from the loaded cathodes and then smelted to produce dor.Carlin-type 'ka:lin taip 卡林型矿床: a deposit having characteristics similar to the Carlin Gold Mine, Nevada, USA.carry forward capital losses递延资本亏损Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year期初现金及现金等价物余额Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year期末现金及现金等价物余额Cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物Cash collateral for security deposit保证押金cash flow from financing 融资活动现金流量cash flow from investing 投资活动现金流量cash flow from operations 经营活动现金流量Cash flows from financing activities财务活动现金流Cash Margin 现金毛利Cashflow statement现金流量表cave-in keiv 陷落Caving methods 'keivi 'meθdz 崩落法Cavity Monitoring System CMS 'kvti 'mnitri 'sistm :空穴监测系统,空穴体This system is a laser surveying system commonly used to survey large openings such as stopes in underground mines. The volume measurements are accurate and are able to provide the volume of openings in order to calculate the tonnage of material mined.chalk t:k 白垩Change in NWC 净流动资金变动charge tɑ:d 装炸药chemical mineral processing 'kemikl 'minrl pru'sesi 化学选矿Chip Sample 破碎样本A method of sampling a rock exposure whereby a regular series of small chips of rock is broken off along a line across the face. Chitter-'tit 夹矸 Waste rock broken during mining and picked or washed out from the coal.Chock tk 巷道支柱-Timber-A roof support unit for use in large openings which consists of wooden or steel blocks stacked between the floor and the roof often filled with stone for added stabilityChromite 'krumait 铬铁矿Chute u:t 溜井A chute is a loading arrangement that utilizes gravity flowto move material from a higher level to a lower level.CIM 加拿大矿业冶金石油学会 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.CIMVAL 加拿大矿业冶金石油学会评估标准 CIM standards and guidelines for valuation of mineral properties.Classifier .矿物分级机 A mineral-processing machine which separates minerals according to size and density.clay klei 粘土clay pit klei pit 粘土矿坑Cleat-kli:t 夹板 Parallel cleavage planes or partings crossing the bedding and along which the coal breaks more easily than in any other direction Cleavage-'kli:vid 解理The cracks in a material along which the material usually breaks or fractures. The planes along which the material fractures. coal kul 煤,烟煤coal bedkul bed 煤层coal field kul'fi:ld 煤田coal mine kul main煤矿矿井cobalt 钴coke kuk 焦,焦炭Collar 井口,孔口,入口 The term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth of a shaft; also used to describe the top of a mill hole. Column Flotation 浮选柱 A milling process, carried out in a tallcylindrical column, whereby valuable minerals are separated from gangue minerals based on their wetability properties.Commercial / OHSE 商务/职业健康安全Complex Ore 混合矿物 An ore containing a number of minerals of economic value. The term often implies that there are metallurgical difficulties in liberating and separating the valuable metals.Competent Person 或qualified person任务有资质人,胜任人,Means a person who is appointed or designated by the employer to perform specified duties that the person is qualified to perform by knowledge, training and experience.comprehensive income loss for the year本年度综合收入亏损Comprehensive income综合收入comprehensive loss for the year 年度综合亏损concentrate 'knsntreit : 精矿a product containing the valuable metal and from which most of the waste material in the ore has been eliminated. concentration ,knsn'trein 富集,精矿concentrator 'knsntreit 浓缩器,浓密机: a plant for recovery of valuable minerals from ore in the form of concentrate. The concentrate must then be treated in some other type of plant, such as a smelter, to effect recovery of the pure metal.Conceptual Study 概念研究See: Preliminary Assessmentconduit 过境,导管,水管cone crusher kun 'kr 圆锥破碎机consolidate合并Contact 接触面 A geological term used to describe the line or plane along which two different rock formations meet.continiuos pilot plant testwork 中试Continuous miner- kn'tinjus 'main 连续采矿机 The electric powered cutting machine used to remove coal from the face and load it into the shuttle car. It comes in a variety of makes and sizes.Contour mapknt等值线图contractor承包商Contributed equity 实收资本Convention kn'venn 惯例Conventional Rotary Drilling: 传统的旋转钻进 a drilling method that produces rock chips similar to reverse circulation except that the sample is collected using a single-walled drill pipe. Air or water circulates down through the centre of the drill pipe and returns chips to the surface around the outside of the pipe;Conveyors kn'veis 皮带运输机Copper cathod阴极铜Core Barrel岩芯筒 That part of a string of tools in a diamond drill hole in which the core specimen is collected.Core Drilling: 取芯钻进a drilling method that uses a rotating barrel andan annular-shaped, diamond-impregnated rock-cutting bit to produce cylindrical rock cores and lift such cores to the surface, where they may be collected, examined and assayed;Core岩芯 The long cylindrical piece of rock, about an inch in diameter, brought to surface by diamond drilling.Corporate expenses公司费用Cost of financing 融资成本Cost on disposal of exploration assets 处置勘探资产成本Cowl- kaul 控尘罩 Attachment on ranging arm to suppress dust and direct coal onto armored face conveyorCPM 关键路线法Critical Path MethodCrib Hut and Bathhouse krib ht 'bɑ:θhaus 休息室Crib-krib休息处,休息时间meal time or break time for the workers.cross pitch kr:s pit 走向Crosscut 'kr:s,kt 石门,横巷A crosscut is a horizontal or nearly horizontal underground opening that is driven to intersect an orebody.Crusher station 'kr 'stein 破碎站Crushing 'kri 破碎Cuddy 'kdi 横巷,巷道槽 A short drive no more than 30m in length established off declines or level development. Cuddies are used as stockpile areas, diamond drill sites, temporary storage of equipment and consumables. Current Assets流动资产Current liabilities 流动负债Custom Smelter 客户熔炼厂 A smelter which processes concentrates from independent mines. Concentrates may be purchased or the smelter may be contracted to do the processing for the independent company.Cut kt 巷道掘进的一个步进循环: development face that has been drilled out to the length of the drill steel, and subsequently fired, in order to advance the development heading.cut and fill mining kt fil 'maini 充填采矿法Cut Off Grade kt ɡreid 边界品位: A grade below which samples are not included in a resources or reserve.Cut Value 排除值 Applies to assays that have been reduced to some arbitrary maximum to prevent erratic high values from inflating the average.cut-and-fill stoping kt fil 'stupi 充填采矿法: A method of stoping in which ore is removed in slices, or lifts, and then the excavation is filled with rock or other waste material backfill, before the subsequent slice is extracted.Cut-out kt aut 避车横巷槽-Opening made in a mine working in which a drill or other equipment may be placed so as not to interfere with other mining operations.Cyanidation saini'dein : 氰化提金 A method of extracting exposed gold or silver grains from crushed or ground ore by dissolving it in a weak cyanide solution. May be carried out in tanks inside a mill or in heaps of ore outof doors.Cyanide 氰化物 A chemical species containing carbon and nitrogen used to dissolve gold and silver from ore.Cycle time 'saikl taim 周期时间D&A as % of sales —Depreciation / Amortisation折旧摊销占收入的比例DD -Diamond drilling岩芯钻探deck chargeloading dek tɑd分段装药Decline di'klain -倾斜巷道 A sloping underground opening for machine access from level to level or from surface; also called a ramp. Deferred receivable 递延的应收款项Deferred tax assets递延应收税款Deferred tax liabilities 递延应付税款deferred tax递延税款delay blast di'lei blst 迟发爆破density 'densti 密度Deposit 矿床 A body of rock containing valuable minerals; usage generally restricted to zones of mineralisation whose size has been wholly or partly determined through sampling.Depreciation / Amortisation折旧/摊销depressurization of the discharge slurry 矿浆泄压depth depθ深度Derivative financial instruments金融衍生工具品Derivatives and hedging activities衍生和保值活动Detailed Definitive Feasibility Studies DFS详细可行性研究 - Detailed feasibility studies are the most detailed and will determine definitively whether or not to proceed with the project. A detailed feasibility study will be the basis for capital appropriation, and will provide the budget figures for the project. Detailed feasibility studies require a significant amount of formal engineering work.detonating cord 'detneiti k:d 导爆索Detonators 'detneits 雷管Development Drilling 掘进钻进 drilling to establish accurate estimates of mineral reserves.Development Drive di'velpmnt draiv开拓巷道development heading di'velpmnt'hedi 掘进巷道Development 掘进,开拓 Underground work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit. Includes shaft sinking, cross-cutting, drifting and raising.DFP设定的起爆点Defined firing pointdiamond drill 'daimnd dril岩芯钻 A rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock that is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two cm or more in diameter.Diamond Drill A rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock that is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two cm or more in diameter.Digging radius 挖掘半径Diluted earnings loss per share稀释后的每股收益亏损Dilution mining Rock贫化岩石 that is, by necessity, removed along with the ore in the mining process,subsequently lowering the grade of the ore. dilution dai'lju:n贫化: an estimate of the amount of waste or low-grade mineralized rock which will be mined with the ore as part of normal mining practices in extracting an orebody.Dimensional stone d’mennl stun 石材,石料型材diorite dairait 闪长岩: an intrusive rock of magnatic origin.Dip dip 倾角The dip is angle at which a vein, structure or rock bed is inclined from the horizontal as measured at right angles to the strike. disability insurrance 伤残保险Discharge conveyorkn'veis卸料输送机,排土机Disseminated Ore 浸染状矿化 Ore carrying small particles of valuable minerals spread more or less uniformly through the host rock.divestment 撤资dividend access share股息配方股权dividends withholding tax股息预提税Dog-watch dɡ- w:t 夜班巡查- Night shift; from about . to about . depending on individual minesDolly 'dli 充填长度- A length of prepared clay/sand stemming in shotfiring. Doré Bar 金条The final saleable product of a gold mine. Usually consistingof gold and silver.Dosing 'dusi 剂量down time 故障时间,停机时间Dragline 'drɡlain 吊斗铲drainage 'dreinid 排水Drawpoint 'dr:pint 放矿口A drawpoint is a place where ore can be loaded and removed. A drawpoint is located beneath the stoping area, and gravity flow is used to transfer the ore to the loading place.Drift drift -溜洞 A drift is a horizontal or nearly horizontal underground opening. Drift is an inclined access from the surface to the coal seam or from coal seam to another coal seam. It often contains a conveyor belt or man-riding train.Drift-and-fill 向上进路充填采矿法a method of underground mining used for flat-lying mineralisation or where ground conditions are less competent; Drill bit dril bit钻头Drill Steels 钻杆Drive draiv - 巷道A heading, drift, advancing place or face.Drivehead 'draivhed -驱动头 The driving mechanism of motor, gearbox and drive drum which is responsible for the movement of the conveyor belt. Due Diligence dju: 'dilidns尽职调查, 应有的审慎, 严格评估dumpers 'dmp 转存区Dumping radius 卸载半径Dyke daik -岩墙An intrusive body, normally igneous rock, which has disrupted the coal seam by cutting vertically through it. Usually it has a cindered band of coal each side of the rock.Earnings loss per share 每股收益亏损EPSEBITDA-Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation & Amortisation税息折旧摊销前收入EBIT-Earnings Before Interest & Tax税息前收入economic substance经济实质EIS-Environmental impact study环保影响研究 A written report, compiled prior to a production decision, that examines the effects proposed mining activities will have on the natural surroundings.electric shovel i'lektrik 'vl电铲electrowinning i,lektru'wini:电解冶金法,电积 recovery of a metal from an ore by means of electro-chemical processes.Emergency Response i'm:dnsi ri'spns紧急响应Employee benefits 员工福利Emulsions i'mlns 乳化炸药Ending equity 期末权益enforcement 强制执行EPCM engeering procument and constuction management工程采购和建设管理Epithermal Deposit 浅成热液矿床A mineral deposit consisting of veins and replacement bodies, usually in volcanic or sedimentary rocks, containingprecious metals or, more rarely, base metals.Equipment Store i'kwipmnt st: 设备库equity funding 股权融资Equity instruments权益工具Equity 权益股本Excavation ,eksk'vein挖掘Existing interest expense 当前利息支出expatriate 外派人员Exploration ,ekspl:'rein 勘探 through Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in searching for ore,determination of size & value of a depositExploration and evaluation assets 勘探与估价资产Exploration and mine development costs 勘探和矿山开拓成本Explosive ik'splusiv 炸药explosive magazine 炸药库Explosives Storage bay ik'splusivz 'strid bei 炸药仓Extraction ik'strkn Sequences 'si:kwnsiz 开采顺序Face feis -巷道正面The inbye end of the mine roadway, usually the working place for coal extraction.Fair value adjustments 公允价值调整Fair value 公允价值Fan fn -风扇 fan-辅助风扇 Used in conjunction with air ducting to directa portion of the main ventilating current to the working face. The "main" fan is located on the surface but other fans may be located within the workingsFarm-in agreement 分享协议fault f:lt 断层FCF for debt repayment用于偿还债务的自由现金流feasibility study ,fi:z'blt 'stdi 可行性研究feed material给料Finance expense 财务支出Finance income财务收入Financial instruments财务工具Financial liabilities 财务负债financial report财务报告Fine Gold Fineness 金纯度is the proportion of pure gold or silver in jewellery or bullion expressed in parts per thousand. Thus, 925 fine gold indicates 925 parts out of 1,000, or % is pure gold.Finger raise 'fiɡ reiz 放矿溜井A finger raise is used for transferring ore. The usual arrangement is a system of several raises that branch together to the same delivery point.fire damp explosion 'fai dmp ik'splun瓦斯爆炸Fire Depot 'fai 'depu -起爆点 A collection of fire-fighting equipment found at boot ends and at least every 400 m along conveyors, also at other criticalpoints in the mine. They are required by law.First Aid Centre f:st eid 'sent 急救中心fissure 'fi裂缝flat-bedded or gently –inclined deposit flt 'bedid 'dentli in'klaind di'pzit 近水平及缓倾斜矿床Flit flit - 设备入换To drive mining equipment such as coal cutters, loaders, continuous miners from one point to another.Floater 'flut 替换员- Employee who fills the place of an absentee. Also termed a scout miner.flooding 'fldi 水灾,漫灌flotation 'flu'tein: 浮选a milling process by which some mineral particles are induced to become attached to bubbles of froth and float, and others to sink, so that the valuable minerals are concentrated and separated from the gangue.fluor 'flu: 萤石Fold fuld 褶皱: Any bending or wrinkling of the rock strata. The result of deformation processes in the earth's crust.Footwall 'futw:l 底板The footwall is the wall or rock under the ore deposit compare dipForce Majeure f:s m': 不可抗力Formulae 配方,公式Fracture 裂隙,裂痕,裂缝,裂面 A break in the rock, the opening of whichallows mineral-bearing solutions to enter. A “cross-fracture” is a minor break extending at more-or-less right angles to the direction of the principal fractures.Franked dividends已付税股息Franking credits已缴纳税金抵扣Free cash flow FCF自由现金流Free dig直接挖掘Free milling 免选矿石 Ores of gold or silver from which the precious metals can be recovered by concentrating methods without resorting to pressure leaching or other chemical treatment.Fresh 非氧化矿硫化矿、原生矿fringe benefits tax 雇员福利税Front end loaders frnt end 'luds前装机fuel 燃料gallery 'ɡlri 平峒,平巷gangue ɡ脉石,矿石,矸石 valueless rock or mineral material in ore.GC drilling---Grade Control drilling品位控制钻探General site costs 现场公共成本Geochemistry地球化学 The study of the chemical properties of rocks. geologic structure ,diu'ldik 'strkt 地质构造Geology Control di'ldi kn'trul 地质师控制:Mining control and mark-ups to be provided by Geologist.geomechanics ,di:umi'kniks 岩石力学Geophysical survey 地球物理勘探 A scientific method of prospecting that measures the physical properties of rock formations. Common properties investigated include magnetism, specific gravity,electrical conductivity and radioactivity.Geostatistics ,di:u'sttistics地质统计学geotechnical property di:u'teknikl 'prpti 岩土力学性质geotechnics di:u'tekniks矿压技术,土工学GIC Movements生产系统中黄金量变化glacier 'ɡlsj 冰川Goaf ɡuf采空区-The area abandoned and left to collapse after the extraction of coal.Gob ɡb - Same as goaf.gold nugget ɡuld 'nɡit 狗头金,块金gold reef ɡuld ri:f金矿矿脉Goodwill 商誉Gossan 矿物铁帽 The rust-coloured capping or staining of a mineral deposit, generally formed by the oxidation or alteration of iron sulphides. Grade Control ɡreid kn'trul品位控制Is the in situ tonnage and grade planned for mining as defined by the grade control process drilling data, face sampling etc. is the stope design plus development. Unplanned dilution should not be included.。
铜电解阳极泥贵金属提取工艺流程
英文回答：In accordance with national routes, approaches and policies, the copper electrolyte anodel extraction process should include major process steps such as leaching, extraction, electrolysis, etc. Precious metals in copper electrolytic arctic sludge are transferred to the solution by first leaching process, in response to high acid or hydrogen chloride solutions. The leaching response needs to be carried out in high temperature and mixing conditions to increase the response rate and solubility efficiency. The second is the extraction process, which extracts precious metals from leachate using organic solvents that are highly selective and extract efficient, such as thallium or dimethylhexone. Finally, electrolytic processes are used to restore precious metals in the organic phase where precious metals are enriched by electrolytic reactions. The whole process achieves the purpose of extracting precious metals from copper electrolytic anode mud by leaching, extraction and electrolysis.根据国家的路线、方针和政策，铜电解阳极泥贵金属提取工艺流程应包括浸出、萃取、电解等主要工艺步骤。
废铜冶炼渣浮选尾矿氨浸试验
doi：10.3969/j.iisn.1007-7545.2020.11.002废铜冶炼渣浮选尾矿氨浸试验王盼，黄红军，赖祥生，彭姣(1.中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，长沙410083；2.战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室，长沙410083)摘要：采用氨浸工艺选择性浸出废铜冶炼渣浮选尾矿中的铜。
结果表明：在NH3・H2O浓度2mol/L)液固比7mL/g、温度30C、搅拌速度400r/min、浸出反应时间60min的条件下，铜浸出率为53.20%#浸出渣铜品位为0.39%$浸出前后矿石颗粒大小以及形貌没有发生很大变化，浸出后矿石粗颗粒表面附着的细颗粒比浸出前减少$关键词：废铜冶炼渣浮选尾矿；氨浸；粒度；浸出率中图分类号：TF811；X758文献标志码：A文章编号：1007-7545(2020)11-0006-05Experimental Study on Ammonia Leaching of Waste CopperSmelting Slag Flotation TailingsWANG Pan,HUANG Hong-jun#LAI Xiang-sheng#PENG Jiao(1.School of Mineral Processing&Bioengineering,Central South Universty#Changsha410083,China；2.Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Utilization of Calcium Mineral Resources in Hunan,Changsha410083,China)Abstract/Copperwasleachedfrom wastecoppersmeltingslagflotationtailingsbyammonialeaching.The results show that copper leaching rate is53.20%and copper grade in leaching residue is0.39%underthe conditionsincluding NH3•H2O concentration of2molL#L"S of7mL"g#temperature of30C# agitationspeedof400r"min#andreactiontimeof60min.Thesizeandshapeoforeparticlesdonotchange greatlybeforeandafterleaching#butnumbersoffineparticlesinsurfaceofcoarseparticlesoforesreduce afterleaching.Keywords/wastecoppersmeltingslagflotationtailings；ammonialeaching；particlesize；leachingrate我国每年有大量的废铜回收利用'1(,回收过程产生大量的冶炼渣，大多数企业采用堆存的方式处理，严重影响周边环境［2］$废铜冶炼渣中含有可回收的有价元素由于冶炼原料的差异性,所产出的铜渣差异性较大⑷。
尼日利亚某氧化铜矿石选矿试验
度深 ，因 而矿 石 含 泥量 大 ，且 矿 石 呈 细粒 不 均匀 嵌 布
特 征 。矿石 主要 化 学 成分 分 析 结果 见 表 １，铜 物 相分
Ｚｈａｏ Ｌｉｕｃｈｅｎｇ Ｌｉ Ｓｈａｏｙｉｎｇ Ｌｉ Ｃｈｅｎｇｗｅｉ （Ｃｏｌｌｅｇｅ ｏｆＭｉｎｉｎｇ Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，Ｎｏｒｔｈ Ｃｈｉｎａ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｏ ｆ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ ａｎｄ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｔａｎｇｓｈａｎ ０６３２１０，Ｃｈｉｎａ）
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｔｈｅ ｃｏｐｐｅｒ ｏｒｅ ｆｒｏｍ Ｎｉｇｅｒｉａ ｉｓ ａ ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｏｒｙ ｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄ ｏｒｅ ，ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ ｏｆ ｈｉ曲 ｃｏｎ利 亚 某铜 矿石 铜 品位 高 、氧化 程 度 深 ，铜 矿 物 的组 成 较 为 复杂 ，属 典 型难 选 氧 化 铜 矿石 。而 氧 化铜 矿 石 的选 矿 ，目前 主要 采用 浮选 法 ｎ 、化学 浸 出 法 臼 、生物 浸 出法 …和选 冶联 合 工艺 。为 高效 开 发 利 用 该 铜 矿 资 源 ，拟 采 用 硫 化 浮 选 和酸 浸 法 分 别 进 行 试 验 研 究 ，以确 定 适 宜 的选 矿 工 艺 流 程 及 工 艺 技 术参 数 。 １ 矿石 性质
ｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｅｎ ｇｒｉｎｄ ｆｉｎｅｎｅｓｓ ｉｓ ９０％ 一０．０７４ ｍｍ，ｆｌｏｔａｔｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｉｓ ｏｎｅ—ｒｏｕｇｈｉｎｇ，ｆｏｕｒ－ｃｌｅａｎｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｔｈｒｅｅ—ｓｅａｖｅｎ￣ｎｇ，ｔｈｅ
氧化铜矿浸出工艺流程
氧化铜矿浸出工艺流程英文回答：Copper oxide ore leaching process involves theextraction of copper from its ore by using a leaching agent. The leaching agent used is usually sulfuric acid or ammonia solution. The process can be divided into several steps, including crushing, grinding, leaching, filtration, and precipitation.Firstly, the copper oxide ore is crushed and groundinto a fine powder. This is done to increase the surface area of the ore particles, allowing for better contact between the ore and the leaching agent.Next, the crushed ore is mixed with the leaching agentin a leaching tank. Sulfuric acid is commonly used as the leaching agent. The acid reacts with the copper oxide ore, causing it to dissolve and form copper sulfate solution.The leaching process takes place at an elevated temperature and pressure to enhance the dissolution of copper from the ore. This is usually done in an autoclave or a pressure leaching vessel. The leaching time can vary depending on the ore characteristics and desired copper extraction efficiency.After the leaching process, the copper sulfate solution is separated from the solid residue through filtration. The solid residue, also known as the leach residue, contains impurities and unreacted ore particles.The copper sulfate solution is then subjected to a precipitation process to recover the copper metal. This is usually done by adding a reducing agent, such as iron or hydrogen peroxide, to the solution. The reducing agent reacts with the copper ions in the solution, causing them to precipitate as copper metal.The precipitated copper metal is then collected and further processed to obtain high-purity copper. This can involve smelting and refining processes to removeimpurities and produce copper of commercial grade.中文回答：氧化铜矿浸出工艺流程涉及使用浸出剂从矿石中提取铜。
采用加盐氧化焙烧—硫酸浸出工艺从铜阳极泥中回收铜和银
Vol. 40 No. 2(Sum. 176)Apr 2021第40卷第2期(总第176期)2021牟4月湿法冶金 .Hydrometa l urgyofChina 采用加盐氧化焙烧一硫酸浸出工艺从铜阳极泥中回收铜和银张二军】，肖芬2(1.郴州市聚兴环保科技有限公司，湖南 郴州423000；2.郴州市中恒项目管理有限公司，湖南 郴州423000)摘要：采用加盐氧化焙烧一硫酸浸出工艺从铜阳极泥中回收铜和银，考察了焙烧及浸出条件对铜、银浸出率的影响。
结果表明：铜阳极泥50 g,在硝酸钠用量10 g 、650 C 条件下焙烧2. 5 h,然后在硫酸加入量7. 5 g 、液固体积质量比5/1)5 C 下浸出2 h,铜、银浸出率分别为96.38%)6.67%，有较好的浸出效果+关键词：铜阳极泥；铜；银；回收中图分类号：TF811；TF832；TF803. 21 文献标识码:A 文章编号= 1009-2617(2021)02-0106-04DOI ： 10. 13355/j. cnki. sfyj. 2021. 02. 004在铜冶金过程中，由于金属间的理化性质差 异，精矿中的金、银、、白、耙等贵金属被富集在粗铜 中，粗铜通过电解得到电解铜，金、银、、白、耙等留在阳极泥中-T 。
阳极泥的处理方法有多种，以湿 法居多+湿法处理铜阳极泥所用浸出剂主要是硫 酸［48］，同时加入一定量氧化剂，如双氧水、氯化铁、二氧化猛、高猛酸钾、氯酸钠等,铜被浸出到浸 出液中，金、银等留在浸出渣中+浸出渣中的银可采用火法9或氯化一氨水浸出法回收-10. ,但通常 工艺流程长，银损失量较大。
铜阳极泥中银含量 较高，直接用硝酸浸出会产生大量氮氧化物-11］,操作环境较差+采用预处理一联合法回收”14铜、银，不仅生产成本较高，还会使阳极泥中的铅、 &、锡等金属部分浸出，不利于下一步综合回收+ 硫酸化焙烧一浸出法-1'6虽流程较短、贵金属回收率也较高，但操作环境差，尾气处理不易到位, 容易造成二次污染。
铜冶炼渣资源化利用研究进展
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2017年第36卷第8期·3066·化 工 进展铜冶炼渣资源化利用研究进展廖亚龙，叶朝，王祎洋，曹磊（昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南 昆明 650093）摘要：火法冶炼废弃渣大量露天堆存，存在铜、铁等有价金属资源未能回收利用和重金属污染土壤及水体等环境问题。
本文综述了铜火法冶炼过程中产生的典型废弃渣的物相特征，以及渣中铜、铁等有价金属回收利用的研究现状。
分析和讨论了选矿分离、湿法提取、火法贫化、高温氧化、高温还原等工艺处理铜冶炼废渣、回收利用铜和铁的优势及存在的缺陷，展望研究趋势。
分析表明：缓冷-浮选、湿法提取都能有效回收利用高品位的冶炼铜渣，湿法酸浸中的加压浸出能抑制铁的浸出而具有应用优势；矿相资源化重构是有效利用低含量铜渣中铜和铁资源的有效方法；在熔融态炉渣中加入氧化钙改性重构后缓冷，再进行浮选和磁选，既能回收炉渣中的铜和铁，且浮选尾渣可以直接用于建材行业，更具备应用前景。
关键词：废物处理；反应工程；回收；冶炼渣中图分类号：TQ09 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2017）08–3066–08 DOI ：10. 16085/j. issn. 1000-6613. 2016-2366Resource utilization of copper smelter slag——a state-of-the-arts reviewLIAO Yalong ，YE Chao ，WANG Yiyang ，CAO Lei（Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering ，Kunming University of Science and Technology ，Kunming 650093，Yunnan ，China ）Abstract ：Large quantities of slag dumped in the open are contributing to the absence of recovery andutilization of valuable metals as well as potential environmental pollution to water and soil arisen by heavy metal contamination. The mineralogical characteristics and researches on recovering valuable metals from typical copper slag produced by pyrometallurgical process were summarized in the present work. The advantage and limitation of outstanding treatment methods which are presently performed to dispose of the slag for the recovery of iron and copper contained were analyzed and discussed ，such as mineral separation ，hydrometallurgical extraction ，pyrometallurgical impoverishment ，high temperature oxidation and high temperature reduction ，etc. The prospective trends were predicted. The analyzing results obtained showed that the slow cooling followed by flotation and hydrometallurgical extraction are high effective method for recycling of copper contained in the smelting slag with a high content copper. Especially the process of high pressure oxidative acid leaching has excellent application prospect as it can inhibit the leaching of iron. Mineral phase reconfiguration for utilizing resource is effective to recover copper and iron in the slag with low content of copper. The process that calcium oxide is added into the molten slag prior to modification and cooling slow followed by flotation and magnetic separation is prospective to be applied ，as the reason that copper and iron contained in the slag can be effectively recycled ，and that flotation tailings can be directly used in building materials industry. Key words ：waste treatment ；reaction engineering ；recovery ；metallurgical slag第一作者及联系人：廖亚龙（1966—）教授，博士，研究方向为天然产物材料提取与分离。
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2Hþ þ 2eÀ ¼ H2
ð1Þ
O2 þ 4Hþ þ 4eÀ ¼ 2H2O
ð2Þ
Neither Cu(I) nor Cu(II) are stable ionic species in neutral
and alkaline solutions without complexing agents, i.e., NH3 or CNÀ. In the presence of excess ammonia, however, Cu(I) and Cu(II) are stable as Cu(NH3)2þ and Cu(NH3)42þ in neutral and alkaline solutions, respectively. The oxidation-
In this paper, a novel energy-saving hydrometallurgical process for copper recovery from electronic scraps employing the Cu(I)-ammine complex is proposed on the basis of a thermodynamic consideration. As the first step for its
The potential-pH diagram is a useful tool for understanding various reactions such as the electrochemical reaction, neutralization, etc., in aqueous solution.
Materials Transactions, Vol. 47, No. 7 (2006) pp. 1788 to 1792 #2006 The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan
Copper Leaching Behavior from Waste Printed Circuit Board in Ammoniacal Alkaline Solution
A novel energy-saving hydrometallurgical recovery process for copper from electronic scrap employing the Cu(I)-ammine complex has been presented on the basis of a thermodynamic consideration. In order to experimentally explore the feasibility of the leaching stage in this process, the copper leaching behavior from a printed circuit board (PCB) in ammoniacal alkaline solutions has been investigated under a nitrogen atmosphere. Copper in PCB was oxidized by Cu(II) to form Cu(I)-ammine complex ions. The leaching reaction can be expressed as: Cu þ Cu(NH3)42þ ¼ 2Cu(NH3)2þ. The Cu(II)-ammine complex significantly enhanced the leaching rate, while the Cu(I)-ammine complex slightly depressed it. Crushing of the PCB effectively enhanced the leaching rate, because the exposed metallic copper area is increased by the crushing. The effect of temperature on the leaching rate was insignificant. Consequently, the feasibility of the leaching stage in the proposed copper recovery process has been experimentally confirmed. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.47.1788]
1. Introduction
The recovery of various metals from waste materials is an important issue in order to conserve the environment and metal resources. Copper is used for cables, electric appliances, etc., and is a very important material for industries in now and the future. A printed circuit board (PCB) also contains copper in addition to many kinds of valuable metals such as gold, silver, palladium, nickel and so on. The copper content in the PCB is 10 to 30 mass%, which is the highest among the metallic elements. There are two ways to recover copper, either pyrometallurgically or hydrometallurgically. Hydrometallurgical treatments generally have more flexibilities during the process scale and control. Sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions are often employed as leaching agents in the hydrometallurgical treatment; however, in these cases, the separation processes tend to become complicated because of the poor selectivity during the leaching.
(Received January 5, 2006; Accepted May 10, 2006; Published July 15, 2006)
Keywords: copper recycling, energy-saving, oxidative leaching, printed circuit board, cupricmine solution
Figure 1 shows the potential-pH diagram of the Cu-NH3H2O system. This figure is obtained under the conditions that the Cu activity is 0.5 and the sum of the concentrations of NH3 and NH4þ is 7 kmol mÀ3. The broken lines in this figure show the following reactions:
experimental verification, the copper leaching behavior from a PCB in the Cu(II)-NH3-(NH4)2SO4 solutions was studied under a nitrogen atmosphere.
2. Copper Recovery Process
reduction reactions of Cu(II)/Cu(I) and Cu(I)/Cu are ex-
pressed as follows:
Cu(NH3)42þ þ eÀ ¼ Cu(NH3)2þ þ 2NH3
ð3Þ
Cu(NH3)2þ þ eÀ ¼ Cu þ 2NH3
ð4Þ
The oxidation-reduction potential of Cu(NH3)42þ/ Cu(NH3)2þ is greater than that of Cu(NH3)2þ/Cu, which indicates that Cu(NH3)42þ can work as an oxidizing agent for metallic copper in an ammoniacal alkaline solution. Also, the
Kazuya Koyama1, Mikiya Tanaka1 and Jae-chun Lee2
1Metals Recycling Group, Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan 2Minerals and Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources(KIGAM), 30, Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea