ving做定语和状语的用法
ving的用法
E· go on doing 和go on to do
• • • • • • go on doing继续做一直在做的事； go on to do接着做另一件事。如： 请接着做这同一个练习。 Please go on doing the same exercise． 请做另外一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise．
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词， 常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy， keep，finish，suggest，escape， cannot help，imagine，mind， practise，cannot stand，admit excuse，fancy（喜欢），give up， put off，risk等。
• B．在begin/start，continue之后， 用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别， 尤其是当主语是人的时候。 • It has started raining(to rain). • 开始下雨了。 • He intended coming(to come)back soon. • 他打算不久就回来。
注意：
• There is no need to do sth 干...... 没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换 为doing • 没有必要告诉她。 • There is no need to tell her.
2、用作宾语
位置：vt之后或者prep之后 • 动名词作宾语有两种情况。 • （1）是有些动词只能后接动名词 作宾语； • （2）是有些动词既可后接动名词 也可后接不定式作宾语。
C．在动词forget，remember，regret之后， 用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示 动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语 动作，如：
ving与ved比较
【学习目标】复习巩固V-e d和V-i n g作定语和状语的用法。
V-ing形式和V-ed形式常被称作分词。
我们可以将它们用作定语修饰名词，或用作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。
一、作定语★ V-ing形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的关系，表示正在进行或经常性的动作或某事是什么样的。
●falling leaves ● an exciting development V-ing形式的完成式即having done不能用作定语。
Those students who have finished their homework may leave now.（who have finished已经完成的动作，不能用having finished来代替）★V-ing形式作定语可表示被修饰词的用途或性质等。
● a swimming pool ● a walking stick★ V-ed形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的关系，表示已经完成的行为或我们对某事的感觉。
● The police found the stolen car. ● those excited children●fallen leaves (不及物动词的v-ed作定语表示被修饰名词的已经完成的主动动作)★单个的分词形式通常置于被修饰的名词，但分词短语通常置于被修饰的名词。
● the man standing by the window● a book written by Shakespeare二、作状语★V-ing形式和V-ed形式可起副词作用，在句子中作状语，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。
The scientist entered the lab, followed by his assistants. 状语(If) Given more time, we could have done the work better. 状语I got up late today, thus causing the delay. 状语Having been told many times, he still doesn’t know how to do it. 状语★V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
v+ing_做状语
v+ing_做状语动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随或补充。
1．表示时间:动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。
句首或句末 Turning around, she saw a car driving up.=When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.她转过身，看见一辆车朝她开来。
2．表示原因:表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。
句首句中或句末 Being ill, he could not walk any further.=As he was ill, he could not walk any further.因为疲倦，他不能再往前走了。
3．表示结果:动词-ing形式作状语表示一种必然的结果，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
句末The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.=The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么值钱的东西。
4．表示条件：动词-ing形式作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
句首 Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.=If you are more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.更细心点，你就会少犯错误。
5．表示让步动词-ing形式作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。
句首 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.=Although they knew all this, they made me pay for thedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
ving作状语用法学习
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方式状语 第二页，编辑于星期日：七点 三十四分。
V-ing的构成
V-ing是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，表示与主语主动关系。V-ing同样有时态和语态的 变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）
主动形式
被动形式
一般式 完成式
doing
Having done
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Being done
Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
Supposing you lose, what will you do?
Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.
Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
making
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(6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
[考点说明]名词、代词+ -ing形式可构成独立主格 结构作时间、条件、原因、或伴随状语，此时-ing
形式的逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。
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[典型例题] 1. The moon _______, we came to the foot of the mountain. A. appeared B. appears
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为 没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
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专题05 重点语法复习：V-ing 作定语、状语和宾补(考点串讲+模拟演练)高一英语下学期(原卷版)
专题05重点语法复习：V-ing作定语、状语和宾补▲动词-ing形式作定语1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。
(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room=a room for reading阅览室running shoes=shoes for running跑鞋(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries=countries that are developing发展中国家a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping正在睡觉的婴儿2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
There is a path leading to the top of the hill.→There is a path which leads to the top of the hill有一条通向山顶的小路。
Do you know the boy playing basketball?→Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?▲动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。
动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。
1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house,he went home for breakfast.→After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house,he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。
五动名词现在分词过去分词Ving结构
attempt, begin, continue, forget, remember, hate, learn, like, love, prefer, need, regret, start, stop, try, want
作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 作主语时有时用it引导的形式主语。 It is no good learning without practice. It is worthwhile discussing the question again.
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)
一般地，Ving 结构作主语、表语、动词宾语、 介词宾语、前置定语时为动名词，后置定语、 状语时为现在分词。
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)
动名词：既具有动词的性质，后可接宾语，可 用副词修饰语，又占据名词的位置，可作主语、 动词宾语、介词宾语和补语。
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)一
They began studying computer last week.
动名词、现在分词 (V+ing结构)四
1. remember, forget, regret Can’t you remember telling me the story last night? You must remember to tell him the news. I don’t regret telling her what I thought. 2. need, want The letter needs signing. =The letter needs to be
V-ing用法
动词ing形式的用法更新时间：2016-8-15一)Ving形式作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：The man standing by the window is our teacher.Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building.Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。
1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。
a waiting car = the car that is waitinga sleeping child 熟睡的孩子The girl standing there is my sister.站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。
[注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。
例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。
2. 表示用途：the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室a working method 工作方法He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。
【比较】过去分词作定语：及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。
例如：That is the book written by Lu Xun.那是鲁迅写的书。
He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
不定式作定语：用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：meeting, reason, time, way, need, right, chance, decision, wish, promise, ability, anxiety, something, anything, nothing, anybody, somebody, thing... 例如：We have no time to lose.我们没有时间（可以浪费）了。
ving语法
v-ing的用法一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.其各种形式如下表：Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president's being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ______ _____ (ask)You can't eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having be en told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother i n the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)The problem is for from _______________ (settle)注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done)，不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（hav ing been done)。
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Answer key for Exercise 2.
approached, Jordan, cheek, curiously, dashed, misunderstood, contrary
Answer key for Exercise 3.
crossroads, adult, major, dormitory, greeted, representing, association, spoken, Colombia, curious, flight
2. The glass doors have taken the place of
the wooden ones at the entrance, ___ in
the natural light during the day. (天
津2007)
A. to let B. letting
C. let
人教课标版 高一 必修4
Unit 4
Grammar
Discovering useful words and expressions: Answer key for Exercise 1.
defence, likely, Italy, canteen, represent, dash, approach, association, cheek, flight
2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _tr_a_n_s_l_a_ti_n_g_t_h_e _so_n__g_s can speak seven languages.
3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _w_h_o_ _is_ _s_t_a_n_d_in_g_ there is reading a book about body language.
1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. (伴随动作)
2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. (原因)
5. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖 北2006) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
6. When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江2006) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
Attention Please
-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与 主句的主语是一致的。
Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city.
(分词的逻辑主语是time, 而句子的主 语是I, 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能 用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补 充一个主语。)
方式
6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间, 可以在分词前保留when)
7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果
They are visitors coming from several countries. = They are visitors who come from several countries. This is an exciting experience. = This is an experience which is exciting.
They also express their feelings using unspoken language. =They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.
His nose touched Mr. Cook’s moving hand. =His nose touched Mr. Cook’s hand which is moving.
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词 宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
7. While watching television, ________. (2005全国卷III)
A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
His nose touches Mr. Cook’s moving hand.
the Japanese
the Canadian
the Columbian
You see her step back appearing surprised.
the British lady
You see her step back appearing surprised. = You see her step back and she appears surprised.
高考链接
1. As the light turned green, I stood for
a moment, not ________, and asked
myself what I was going to do. (湖南
2007)
A. moved
B. moving
C. to move D. being moved
用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子。 1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a
world-famous one. The picture _h_a_n_g_i_n_g on the wall is a world-famous one. 2. Because he hadn’t received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _N_o_t_h_a_v_i_n_g_r_e_c_ei_v_e_dan answer, he decided to write another letter to him.
Grammar
V-ing 形式 一: V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, 其 否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以 带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语, 没有人 称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变 化。
语态 主动语态
被动语态
时态
一般式 (not) doing (not) being done
4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. C__o_m__in_g_ _fr_o_m__ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.
5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _d_o_in__g_ _h_e_r_ h__o_m_e_w_o_r_k__.
完成式 (not)
(not)
having done having been done
V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单
元的学习重点。
1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置 修饰语, 这时有两种情况。
1) -ing形式表示 “供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimming
8) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格： I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard. 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
A sleeping car = a car for sleeping 2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, 过去
叫 现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sun
-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所 修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 如:
They are visitors coming from several countries.
The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.