上海复旦实验中学2020年期中单元测试
2020年上海复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析
2020年上海复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAQUILA Children’s Magazine is the most intelligent read for curious kids. Full of enthusiastic articles and challenging puzzles, every issue covers science, history and general knowledge. AQUILA is a quality production, beautifully illustrated with contemporary artwork throughout.● Intelligent reading for 8-12 year-olds● Cool science and challenging projects● Inspires self-motivated learning● Exciting new topic every issueAQUILA is created and owned by an independent UK company. It has 28 pages,printed on high-quality paper and there are no advertisements or posters. Instead it is full of well-written articles, thought-provoking ideas and great contemporary artwork. Each monthly issue is centred around a new topic.AQUILA works as a superb learning extension to current primary (or KS2 and KS3) curriculum (课程), but it is much more than that! Entertaining and always surprising, AQUILA is recommended because it widens children’s interest and understanding, rather than encouraging them to concentrate only on their favourite subjects. It gives children a well-rounded understanding of the world, in all its complexity.The concepts in AQUILA can be challenging, requiring good comprehension and reading skills. 8 years is usually a good age to start. Some gentle interest from an adult is often helpful at the start.In 2020 AQUILA will have been in publication for 28 years, but it has never appeared in newsstands or shops. We are subscription only.AQUILA SubscriptionUK: 12 Months £55 - 4 Months £30Europe: 12 Months £60 -4 Months £35World: 12 Months £70 - 4 Months £35BirthdaysSelect the Birthday option, write a gift message and choose the birthday month. We will dispatch to arrive at the start of the month you have entered. The package posts in a blue envelope marked ‘Open on your birthday’.1.What is special about AQUILA?A.It is available in shops.B.It is for kids of all ages.C.It has no advertisements.D.It prints readers’ artworks.2.What does AQUILA offer its readers?A.Articles on modern art.B.Family reading materials.C.Ideas on improving readingskills.D.Knowledge beyond school subjects.3.AQUILA is intended for ________.A.foreign language learnersB.children with learning difficultiesC.parent-child reading loversD.curious kids with good comprehensionBFor 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to unheard of levels. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea-levels to rise and has brought about adangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense climatic changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic (人为的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The most recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0. 74 degrees in the period from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, sea levels have risen and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries inAsiaand small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference inParis. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that will, for the first time, commit nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address globalclimate change. That was certainly an encouraging step forward for our earth and mankind!As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We are left with not much of a choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!4. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The information of industrial revolution.B. The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.C. The reasons of climate change.D. The result of extreme weather events.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We have made great achievements.B. Some measures are still required to take.C. Mars is suitable for people’s living.D. Some countries will receive urgent aid.6. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Long Live Planet Earth!B.Environment Changes Rapidly!C. What Serious Global Warming!D. How Important the UN Agreement Is!7. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?A. B.C. D.CWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.8. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.9. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.10. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.11. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.DThefirst thing we notice about new people are their faces. The next time we see these people, we remember them because we remember their faces. This seems like a simple process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The section of the brain that is responsible for face recognition seems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are most highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lose this skill. By nine months, a baby’s face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult’s.Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn’t work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very severe face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don’t recognize their own face, so for a second they are startled when they see this unfamiliar face.Face blindness is not always severe. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population may be affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone else until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color1 blindness. Colorblind people can’t see the difference between certain color1 s such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and red are two different color1 s.There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being, people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice, or their glasses. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they may find a cure.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The way to improve one’s face-recognition skills.B. The simple process of the brain to recognize others’ faces.C. The fact that some people have face-recognition problems.D. The importance of face recognition in human communication.13. When do children have the best face-recognition skills?A. At birth.B. Half a year old.C. Nine months old.D. In adolescence.14. What does the underlined word “startled” in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?A. Depressed.B. Confused.C. Embarrassed.D. Surprised.15. What does the author think of the problem of face blindness?A. People need to take it seriously.B. Certain techniques can make up for it.C. It will be cured in the near future.D. It has the same effect with color1 blindness.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及答案解析
2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下图所示的细胞可能是（）A. 酵母细胞B. 原核细胞C. 动物细胞D. 植物细胞2. 一个成熟的植物细胞，其原生质层主要包括( )A. 细胞膜和液泡膜之间的细胞质B. 细胞壁、细胞膜、液泡膜及细胞核C. 细胞膜、核膜和这两层膜之间的细胞质D. 细胞膜、液泡膜和这两层膜之间的细胞质3. 普通光学显微镜的分辨力极限约为0．2微米，小于0．2微米的结构就需要用电子显微镜进行观察，科学家将之称为亚显微结构。
下列有关显微观察的叙述，正确的是（）A.将藓类叶片制成临时装片，直接在普通光学显微镜下观察可见叶绿体、线粒体B.调暗视野后，可在普通光学显微镜下观察到未经染色的动物细胞的细胞膜C.核糖体、中心体属亚显微结构，用电子显微镜可在低等植物细胞中观察到D.尼克森等据电子显微下细胞膜呈清晰的暗—亮—暗结构提出了流动镶嵌模型4. 如图是根据细胞器的相似或不同点来进行分类的，下列选项中不是此图分类依据的是（）A.有无膜结构B.单层膜还是双层膜C.有无色素D.是否普遍存在于动植物细胞中5. 下列有关内环境及其稳态的说法正确的是（）A. 内环境是指细胞外液，包括血液、组织液和淋巴等B. 内环境稳态遭到破坏一定与外界环境的剧烈变化有关C. 人体在寒冷环境中产热增加、散热减少，从而维持体温的恒定D. 胰岛素的作用结果影响胰岛素分泌的过程属于反馈调节6. 有一条多肽链由12个氨基酸组成，分子式为CXHYOWNZS(Z>12，W>13)，这条多肽链经过水解后的产物中有5种氨基酸：半胱氨酸(C3H7O2NS)、丙氨酸(C3H7O2N)、天冬氨酸(C4H7O4N)、赖氨酸(C6H14O2N2)、苯丙氨酸(C9H11O2N)。
水解产物中天冬氨酸的数目是（）A.(Y＋12)个B.（Z＋12)个C.(W－13)个D.(W－13)/2个7. 其人因一次意外而导致下丘脑受到损伤，这样可能会导致他的（）①甲状腺激素分泌量发生变化①体温调节发生变化①血糖含量发生变化①细胞外液渗透压发生变化①垂体释放抗利尿激素减少A.①①①B.①①①①①C.①①①①D.①①①①8. 马铃薯四倍体栽培种没有青枯病的抗性基因，少数马铃薯野生种存在青枯病的抗性基因。
2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中考试试题及答案解析
2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中考试试题及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 金链花由于受到能分泌细胞分裂素类物质的病原体的侵袭，侧芽生长失控，形成大量分支，称为“扫帚病”，有关分析正确的是A. 该现象说明细胞分裂素类物质能解除植物的顶端优势B. 该病原体分泌的细胞分裂素类物质是一种能调节植物生长发育的植物激素C. 侧芽生长失控是因为该部位生长素与细胞分裂素的比值增大D. 正常生长的金链花侧芽生长受抑制是因为生长素含量不足2. 图1表示芽的生长与生长素浓度的关系，图2表示幼苗横放时，根的生长与生长素浓度的关系。
下列叙述错误的是（）A. 图1中a点可表示植株的侧芽部位的生长状况B. 图2中d、f点的作用效果体现了生长素作用的两重性C. 图2中f点可表示根近地侧生长素的作用D. 图2中e点的生长素浓度对植物的生长没有抑制作用3. 生命科学研究中常用“建模”方法表示微观物质的结构，图中甲～丙分别表示细胞中常见的三种大分子有机物，每种有机物都有其特定的基本组成单位。
则与下图中甲～丙对应完全吻合的是哪一组（）A.DNA、RNA、纤维素B.多肽、RNA、淀粉C.DNA、蛋白质、糖原D.核酸、多肽、糖原4. 科学家在太空船上做实验处理如下图，下列关于实验的叙述正确的是（）A.生长素浓度：a>b>c=d，①①①①胚芽都出现生长现象B.生长素浓度：a=b=c=d，①①①①生长状况基本相同C.生长素浓度：a>c=b>d，①生长最快D.生长素浓度：a>c=d>b，①生长最快5. 如图为洋葱细胞在适宜浓度的硝酸钾溶液中发生质壁分离及复原过程中的某一时刻图像，下列判断错误的是A.①是细胞壁，对植物细胞具有支持和保护作用B.①处是硝酸钾溶液，若替换为30％的蔗糖溶液则不会自动复原C. 结构①①①化学组成不同，但都具有选择透过性D. 外界溶液浓度与细胞液浓度的大小此时无法确定6. 如图为叶绿体结构与功能示意图，A、B、C、D表示叶绿体的结构，①①①①①表示有关物质。
2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中试卷及答案解析
2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三生物下学期期中试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下列关于人体内环境及其稳态的叙述，正确的是（）A. 人体剧烈运动后，血浆的pH会明显下降B. 蛋白质消化分解成氨基酸发生在人体的内环境中C. 有三种以上的生理系统参与维持人体内环境稳态D. 血浆渗透压与蛋白质含量有关，与无机盐离子含量无关2. 如图为神经—肌肉连接示意图，以下分析正确的是A. 刺激N点引起的肌肉收缩属于反射活动B. 刺激图中的肌肉，电流表的指针一定偏转2次C. 刺激M点可以引起肌肉收缩，电流表指针偏转2次D. 在该反射弧中，兴奋在神经纤维上的传导是双向的3. 为探究植物细胞的吸水和失水过程，某同学以紫色的洋葱鱗片叶和蔗糖溶液等为实验材料，具体操作过程如下图所示。
下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.为便于观察应撕取洋葱鳞片叶的外表皮B.步骤①~①中，均应保持细胞的活性C.三次显微镜下观察均需在低倍镜下找到物像后再换成高倍镜D.若将蔗糖溶液换成适宜浓度的KNO3溶液，无需步骤①，细胞也可复原4. 如图是某哺乳动物减数分裂过程中三个细胞部分染色体及其上的基因示意图，乙、丙均来自甲细胞，下列叙述错误的是（）A.甲细胞产生的突变基因可能通过卵细胞传递给子代B.乙细胞含有2个染色体组，丙细胞含1个染色体组C.丙细胞产生的卵细胞的基因组成是aB或ABD.若甲细胞产生基因型为Aab的配子，则说明减数第一次分裂时同源染色体未分离5. 下图表示A TP-ADP的循环图解。
下列叙述正确的A.①属于放能反应，在细胞内与其他吸能反应密切联系B.溶酶体中蛋白质水解为氨基酸需要①过程提供能量C.人在饥饿时，细胞内的过程①和①也能达到平衡D.各种生物均能独立完成ATP-ADP的循环6. 其人因一次意外而导致下丘脑受到损伤，这样可能会导致他的（）①甲状腺激素分泌量发生变化①体温调节发生变化①血糖含量发生变化①细胞外液渗透压发生变化①垂体释放抗利尿激素减少A.①①①B.①①①①①C.①①①①D.①①①①7. 下图为相互联系的两个神经元部分结构示意图。
2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案
2020年上海市复旦实验中学高三英语期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANAME: JohnFAVORITE SPORT: Basketball FAVORITE SNACK: PizzaHOBBY: Photography PET: Beagle named MaxFUNNIEST MOMENT: “On Max's birthday, we sang the ‘Happy Birthday’ song to him and he got a big treat. A month later, my family sang ‘Happy Birthday’ to me. Max got so excited because he remembered the song. He whined(嘀咕) when he didn't get a treat, so we gave him one.”NAME: SarahFAVORITE SPORT: Track and field FAVORITE SNACK: GranolaHOBBY: Guitar PET: Cat named LuluFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One day in my kindergarten, I opened my snack bag and found a tennis ball and a sock! My little brother had played his first practical joke. Thanks, Bryan!”NAME: PaulFAVORITE SPORT: Baseball FAVORITE SNACK: Apple with peanut butterHOBBY: Making comics PET: Tropical fishFUNIEST MOMENT: “In a school play, I was supposed to say the line ‘Stop right there, cowboy!’ Devin was playing the cowboy, and 1 said, ‘Stop right there, Devin!’ It was supposed to be a serious part of the play, but Devin cracked up. Then everybody else laughed, too, including me.”NAME: ScottFAVORITE SPORT: Soccer FAVORITE SNACK: BananasHOBBY: Drawing dinosaursPET: Hermit crab named HermieFUNNIEST MOMENT: “One night, we were camping in a state park. I heard a loud thumping(砰砰作响) outside the tent. I was sure that it was a bear! I used my flashlight to look around the campsite(野营地) and saw a little toad hopping away, going thump, thump, thump!”1.Whom will you get in touch with if you also like taking photos?A.Scott.B.Sarah.C.John.D.Paul.2.Where did Sarah find the tennis ball and the sock?A.At her friend's birthday party.B.In her kindergarten.C.In her school.D.In a state park.3.Outside the tent, what thumped that night?A.A bear.B.A cat.C.A fish.D.A toad.BMove over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.Helicopter parenting the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”4. What do we know about snowplow parenting?A. It appeared before helicopter parenting.B. It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C. It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D. It provides more than enough services for children.5. What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A. Its cost.B. Its benefits.C. Its popularity.D. Its ending.6. Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?A. To show teenagers are no better than babies.B. To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C. To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D. To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.7. What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A. Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B. Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C. Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D. Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.CBorn in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her "Favorite Things" show. There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.TIME magazine wrote, "People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TVaudience.""I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.8. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?A. the influence on talk show hostsB. the power of Oprah's opinions.C. the effect on a business.D. the audience of Oprah's talk show.9. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?A. She must have been challenged a lotB. She gained fame as planned.C. It lives up to her parents' expectation.D. She once gave up on her choice.10. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?A. Success comes after failure.B. Pushing physical limits makes no senseC. Aiming higher hurtsD. Failure is part of life.11. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey?A. Friendly.B. HumorousC. Determined.D. PatientDAustralia’s Great Barrier Reef has lost 50% of its corals (珊瑚) within 30 years, with climate change a key driver of reef disturbance, a new study has found.Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inQueensland, northeasternAustralia, studied coral communities and theirsize along the length of theGreat Barrier Reefbetween 1995 and 2017, finding all coral populations disappear gradually, they said.Reefs are important to the health of ocean ecosystems — without them, ecosystems break down and ocean life dies.Coral population decreases happened in both shallow and deep water coral species, experts found, but branching and table-shaped corals — which provide habitats for fish — were worst affected by mass bleaching (漂白) events in 2016.Warm ocean temperatures are the main reason of coral bleaching. Bleaching doesn’t kill coral immediately, but if temperatures remain high, eventually the coral will die, destroying a natural habitat for many species of ocean life.“We used to think the Great Barrier Reef is protected by its huge size — but in fact our results show that even the world’s largest and ly well-protected reef system is increasingly destroyed and in decline,” Terry Hughes, an outstanding professor at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, said.“There is no time to lose — we must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible,” the reporter warned in the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society journal.12. What has mainly influenced the coral populations of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Destroyed habitats.B. Climate change.C. Lack of seafood.D. Bleaching events.13. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many species has been dying out slowly.B. The size of reefs contributes to their protection.C. Ocean ecosystems don’t develop without reefs.D. Bleaching continually disturbs table-shaped corals.14. What attitude does the reporter hold to the present situation of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Worried.B. Angry.C. Hopeful.D. Surprised.15. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Climate change damages theGreat Barrier ReefB. The Species of ocean Life Are In DangerC. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Get WorseD. Sea Ecosystems Are In Decline第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试题及参考答案
2020届上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试题及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. A TP、GTP、CTP和UTP是细胞内四种高能磷酸化合物，它们的结构只是碱基的不同，下列叙述错误的是（）A.A TP的合成常伴随着细胞内的放能反应B.1分子GTP彻底水解可得到3种小分子物质C.CTP中“C”是由胞嘧啶和脱氧核糖构成的D.UTP断裂两个特殊化学键后可作为合成RNA的原料2. 在特异性免疫和非特异性免疫中均发挥作用的是A.T细胞B.B细胞C.巨噬细胞D.红细胞3. 下列关于细胞内化合物的叙述，错误的是（）A.DNA、RNA和磷脂的组成中都有P元素B.糖原水解的最终产物是葡萄糖C.蔗糖和乳糖水解的产物都有葡萄糖D.脂肪、生长激素、核酸都是生物体内的能源物质4. 如图表示一个细胞周期中每条染色体上DNA含量的变化，下列叙述错误的是（）A.bc段发生DNA分子的复制B.cd段细胞内一定存在染色单体C.de段表示着丝粒的分裂D.ef段核DNA含量是cd段的一半5. 由于轻微创伤使小腿某处皮下青紫并且局部水肿，对这一现象合理的解释是（）A.毛细血管破裂，部分血液外流，使局部组织液渗透压增高B.毛细淋巴管破裂，淋巴液外渗，使局部组织液回渗到血管C.毛细血管收缩，血流量减少，使局部组织液含量减少D.毛细血管扩张，血流量增加，使局部组织液含量减少6. 下列所用技术与原理不相符的是A.胰蛋白酶处理——酶的专一性B.细胞融合——细胞膜的流动性C.动物细胞培养——细胞的全能性D.克隆羊的诞生——细胞核的全能性7. 下列疾病中，与免疫功能无关的是（）A. 艾滋病与类风湿性关节炎B. 癌症与系统性红斑狼疮C. 高度近视与苯丙酮尿症D. 吃海鲜过敏与过敏性鼻炎8. 下例关于细胞“一定”的说法正确的是（）A.含细胞壁结构的细胞一定为植物细胞B.含中心体的细胞一定为动物细胞C.绿色植物细胞内一定含叶绿体D.所有生物的蛋白质一定是在核糖体上合成的9. 细胞周期同步是指利用特定方法使分裂细胞都处于细胞周期的同一阶段，高浓度TdR（胸腺嘧啶核苷）双阻断法是常用的同步方法。
2020届上海市复旦实验中学高三生物期中考试试卷及答案
2020届上海市复旦实验中学高三生物期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.世界卫生组织(WHO)将2019年引起肺炎疫情的新冠病毒命名为2019—nCoV，该病毒为有包膜病毒，可以通过膜融合进入宿主细胞，其基因组长度为29．8kb，为单链+RNA，其5’端为甲基化帽子，3’端有多聚腺苷酸(PolyA)结构，与真核生物的信使RNA非常相似，可直接作为翻译的模板，表达出RNA聚合酶等物质。
下列有关说法合理的是（）A.2019—CoV属于RNA病毒，可在逆转录酶参与合成DNAB. 人类成熟mRNA5’端有甲基化帽子、3’端有多聚腺苷酸(PolyA)结构C.20l9—nCoV需在宿主细胞内增殖，其侵入宿主细胞方式和T2噬菌体相同D.2019—nCoV与人体内的宿主细胞具有完全相同的碱基互补配对方式2.近年诞生的具有划时代意义的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术可简单、准确地进行基因定点编辑。
其原理是由一条单链向导RNA引导核酸内切酶Cas9到一个特定的基因位点进行切割。
通过设计向导RNA中20个碱基的识别序列，可人为选择DNA上的目标位点进行切割（见下图）。
下列相关叙述错误的是（）A.Cas9蛋白由相应基因指导在核糖体中合成B. 向导RNA中的双链区遵循碱基配对原则C. 向导RNA可在逆转录酶催化下合成D. 若α链剪切点附近序列为……TCCAGAATC……，则相应的识别序列为……UCCAGAAUC……3.风湿性心脏病、系统性红斑狼疮等一类疾病是A. 病原体感染机体而引发的疾病，有传染性B. 机体免疫功能不足或缺乏而引发的疾病，无传染性C. 人体免疫系统对自身的组织和器官造成损伤而引发的疾病D. 已免疫的机体再次接受相同物质的刺激而引发的过敏反应4.正常机体通过调节作用使各器官系统协调活动，共同维持内环境的相对稳定，机体维持稳态的主要调节机制是A.体液调节B.神经调节C.免疫调节D.神经-体液-免疫调节5.关于人体内环境稳态的叙述，错误的是( )①血浆渗透压与蛋白质含量有关，与无机盐离子含量无关②人吃酸性食品会导致体内的pH降低③每个人的体温在一天中是保持不变的④内环境稳态的维持需要多种器官、系统的协调作用，并且人体维持内环境稳态的调节能力有限⑤严重腹泻、呕吐，只需要补充足够的水，不用补充Na＋A.①②④⑤B.②⑤C.①②③④D.①②③⑤6.将同一部位紫色洋葱外表皮细胞分别浸在甲、乙、丙3种溶液中，测得原生质层的外界面与细胞壁间距离变化如图所示，下列相关分析错误的是A. 实验开始时，甲、乙溶液的浓度均大于洋葱表皮细胞细胞液浓度B. 与t0时相比，t2时乙溶液中洋葱表皮细胞的细胞液浓度未发生变化C. 实验过程中，丙溶液中有水分子进出洋葱表皮细胞D. 实验结束时，甲、乙溶液的浓度有所下降7.ATP(甲)是生命活动的直接能源物质，据图判断下列叙述正确的是（）A. 在主动运输过程中，细胞内乙的含量会明显增加B. 丙中不含磷酸键，是DNA基本组成单位之一C. 丁由腺嘌呤和核糖组成，而戊可用于甲的合成D. 甲→乙和乙→丙过程中，其催化作用的酶空间结构相同8.下图表示的是某动物细胞内三种生物膜结构在某过程前、后的面积变化，那么该过程产生的物质很可能是下列哪一项（）A. 肠脂肪酶、生长激素、性激素B. 抗体、血浆蛋白、固醇C. 生长激素、抗体、唾液淀粉酶D. 抗体、胃蛋白酶、血红蛋白9.下列属于人体的第二道防线的是A. 皮肤角质层细胞屏障作用B. 胃粘膜起保护作用C. 白细胞的吞噬作用D. 淋巴细胞的杀伤作用10.烫发时，先用还原剂使头发角蛋白的二硫键断裂，再用卷发器将头发固定形状，最后用氧化剂使角蛋白在新的位置形成二硫键。
2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及参考答案
2020年上海复旦实验中学高三生物期中试卷及参考答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 下列关于动、植物激素的说法，不正确的是A.动、植物激素的化学成分都是有机物B.动、植物激素都是微量高效的细胞代谢调节物质C.动、植物激素都是由特定的器官(或细胞)产生的D.动、植物的一生都需要多种激素相互作用、共同调节2. 阿胶原产于山东，主要由驴皮熬制而成，已有两千多年的应用历史，与人参、鹿茸一起被誉为“中药三宝”，具有一定的滋补作用，下列说法中正确的是（）A.阿胶为人体提供的主要营养物质可能是必需氨基酸B.驴皮细胞的脂肪含量较低，其主要储能物质是葡萄糖C.“中药三宝”具有滋补作用的原因是含有对人体有益的Zn、Fe、K等微量元素D.食用驴皮熬成的阿胶能减少人体对糖类的摄入，因为阿胶中含有丰富的纤维素3. 下列关于氨基酸的叙述，不正确的是（）A.氨基酸这一名词代表了氨基酸分子结构中的主要部分B.氨基酸仅通过脱水缩合的方式就可以形成蛋白质C.氨基酸主要由C、H、O、N四种元素组成D.氨基酸是蛋白质的彻底水解产物4. 下列关于酶及相关实验叙述，正确的是（）A.酶是活细胞产生的有机物，微量高效，能调节酶促反应.B.酶在适宜条件下活性最大，其活性可因反应条件的变化而改变C.利用淀粉和蔗糖两种物质探究淀粉酶专一性时，用碘液进行检测D.酶促反应中，酶能高效提供活化能，从而加速反应的进行5. 下列有关植物调节的描述错误的是（）A.生长素主要促进细胞核的分裂，细胞分裂素主要促进细胞质分裂B.决定器官生长发育的不是某种激素的相对含量，而是不同激素的绝对含量C.脱落酸能促进果实和叶片的脱落D.浸泡法所用时间比沾蘸法的时间较长6. 下列关于生物体生命活动调节的叙述，不正确的是（）A.神经系统对躯体运动和内脏活动都存在分级调节B.神经系统的某些结构也能分泌激素，参与体液调节C.如果母鸡出现了在清晨打鸣的现象，与性激素的调控有关D.神经递质和抗体，都可以作为信息分子调节生物体的生命活动7. 下列关于生命活动调节的叙述，正确的有①严重腹泻后只需补充水分就能维持细胞外液正常的渗透压①刺激支配肌肉的神经，引起该肌肉收缩的过程属于非条件反射①垂体功能受损的幼犬会出现抗寒能力减弱等现象①突触后膜上的受体与相应神经递质结合后，就会引起突触后膜的电位变化为外负内正①在草原上快速奔跑的狼体内，兴奋以局部电流的形式在神经纤维上双向传导①抗生素消灭病菌的过程体现了人体的免疫防卫功能①记忆细胞受到同种抗原再次刺激后，细胞周期变短①2、4-D、苯乙酸均为生长素类似物A. 一项B. 两项C. 三项D. 四项8. 我国西部沙漠地区生长着一种叶退化的药用植物锁阳，该植物依附在另一种植物小果白刺的根部生长，从其根部获取营养物质。
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上海复旦实验中学2020年期中单元测试一、选择题1．从发现情况到采取相应行动经过的时间叫反应时间。
两位同学合作，用刻度尺可测得人的反应时间。
如图甲所示，A握住尺的上端，B在尺的下部做握尺的准备（但不与尺接触），当看到A放开手时，B立即握住尺。
若B做握尺准备时，手指位置如图乙所示，而握住尺时的位置如图丙所示，由此测得B同学的反应时间约为A．20sB．0.30sC．0.10sD．0.04s2．关于速度和加速度的关系，下列说法正确的是()A．加速度减小时速度一定减小B．加速度为零时，速度也为零C．加速度很小时，速度可以很大D．速度变化越大，加速度就越大3．粗细均匀的电线架在A、B两根电线杆之间．由于热胀冷缩，电线在夏、冬两季呈现如图所示的两种形状，若电线杆始终处于竖直状态，下列说法中正确的是（）A．冬季，电线对电线杆的拉力较大B．夏季，电线对电线杆的拉力较大C．夏季与冬季，电线对电线杆的拉力一样大D．夏季，电线杆对地的压力较大4．如图是在购物商场里常见的电梯，左图为阶梯电梯，右图为斜面电梯，设两电梯中各站一个质量相同的乘客随电梯匀速上行，则两乘客受到电梯的A．摩擦力的方向相同B．支持力的大小相同C．支持力的方向相同D．作用力的大小与方向均相同5．下列说法正确的是A．木块放在桌面上受到向上的弹力是由于木块发生微小的形变产生的B．相对运动的物体间一定有滑动摩擦力存在C．相互压紧的粗糙物体之间总有摩擦力存在D．线能织成布，靠的是纱线之间的静摩擦力作用6．关于重力、重心下列说法中正确的是（）A．风筝升空后，越升越高，说明风筝的重心相对风筝的位置也越来越高B．质量分布均匀、形状规则的物体的重心一定在物体上C．舞蹈演员在做各种优美动作的时候，其重心相对身体的位置不断变化D．重力的方向总是垂直于地面7．两个小球从两个不同高度处自由下落，结果同时到达地面，如图所示四幅图中，能正确表示它们的运动的是（）A．B．C．D．8．下列说法正确的是A．物体作自由落体运动时没有惯性B．亚里士多德认为力是维持物体运动的原因C．伽利略通过逻辑推理和实验认为，重物比轻物下落的快D．研究月球绕地球运动轨迹时不能把月球看成质点9．2018 年 10 月 23 日港珠澳大桥正式通车，它是目前世界上最长的跨海大桥，为香港、澳门、珠海三地提供了一条快捷通道。
图甲是港珠澳大桥中的一段，一辆小汽车在长度为L=21m的平直桥面上提速，图乙是该车在该段的车速的平方（v2）与位移（x）的关系。
则关于小汽车通过该段平直桥面的加速度和时间分别为A．4m/s2 6sB．2m/s2 3sC．2m/s2 5sD．2m/s221s10．将一小球竖直向上抛出，经时间t回到抛出点，此过程中上升的最大高度为h．在此过程中，小球运动的路程、位移和平均速度分别为（）A．路程2h、位移0、平均速度2htB．路程2h、位移0、平均速度0C．路程0、位移2h、平均速度0 D．路程2h、位移h、平均速度2ht11．物体沿一直线运动，下列说法中正确的是( )A．物体在第一秒末的速度是5 m/s，则物体在第一秒内的位移一定是5 mB．物体在第一秒内的平均速度是5 m/s，则物体在第一秒内的位移一定是5 mC．物体在某段时间内的平均速度是5 m/s，则物体在每一秒内的位移都是5 mD．物体在某段位移内的平均速度是5 m/s，则物体在经过这段位移中间时刻的速度一定是5 m/s12．一只盒子在粗糙桌面上减速滑行，此过程中盒子A．受到静摩擦力，大小保持不变B．受到静摩擦力，大小不断减小C．受到滑动摩擦力，大小保持不变D．受到滑动摩擦力，大小不断减小13．大雪天车轮打滑，车辆难以前进，交警帮忙向前推车，如图所示，在推车的过程中，关于人和车之间的作用力，下列说法正确的一是（）A．车对人有向后的力B．车对人没有作用力C．人对车的力大于车对人的力D．人对车的力小于车对人的力14．关于摩擦力，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．一个物体可以同时受到滑动摩擦力和静摩擦力的作用B ．摩擦力的存在依赖于弹力，所以有弹力必定有摩擦力C ．运动的物体可能受到静摩擦力作用，静止的物体不可能受到滑动摩擦力作用D ．摩擦力的方向可能与运动方向相同，也可能相反，但一定与运动方向在同一直线上15．某质点沿x 轴做直线运动，其位置坐标随时间变化的关系可表示52n x t t =+，其中x 的单位为m ，时间t 的单位为s ，则下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．若1n =，则物体做匀速直线运动，初位置在0m ，速度大小为5m /sB ．若1n =，则物体做匀速直线运动，初位置在5m ，速度大小为4m/sC ．若2n =，则物体做匀变速直线运动，初速度大小为5m /s ，加速度大小为24m/sD ．若2n =，则物体做匀变速直线运动， 初速度大小为5m /s ，加速度大小为22m/s16．如图所示，质量为m 的物块在与斜面平行向上的拉力F 的作用下，沿着水平地面上质量为M 的粗糙斜面匀速上滑，在此过程中斜面体保持静止，则地面对斜面体A ．无摩擦力B ．支持力大小为(m ＋M)gC ．支持力大小为(M ＋m)g+FsinθD ．有水平向左的摩擦力，大小为Fcosθ17．杂技演员有高超的技术，如图所示，能轻松地顶住从高处落下的坛子，关于他顶坛时，头顶受到的压力产生的直接原因是（ ）A ．坛的形变B ．头的形变C ．物体受到的重力D ．人受到的重力18．静止在斜面上的重物的重力可以分解为沿斜面方向向下的分力F 1和垂直于斜面方向的分力F 2，关于这两个分力，下列的说明正确的是（ ）A ．F 1作用在物体上，F 2作用在斜面上B ．F 2的性质是弹力C ．F 2就是物体对斜面的正压力D ．F 1和F 2是与物体的重力等效的力，实际存在的就是重力19．人从发现情况到采取相应行动经过的时间叫反应时间．我们可以采用下面的实验测出自己的反应时间．请一位同学用两个手指捏住木尺顶端，你用一只手在木尺下部做握住木尺的准备，但手的任何部位在开始时都不要碰到木尺．当看到那位同学放开手时，你立即握住木尺，根据木尺下降的高度，可以算出你的反应时间．若某次测量中木尺下降了约11cm ，由此可知此次你的反应时间约为（ ）A ．0.2 sB ．0.15sC ．0.1 sD ．0.05 s20．如图所示，球A 在斜面上，被竖直挡板挡住而处于静止状态，关于球A 所受的弹力，以下说法正确的是 ( )A ．球A 仅受一个弹力作用，弹力的方向垂直斜面向上B ．球A 受两个弹力作用，一个水平向左，一个垂直斜面向下C ．球A 受两个弹力作用，一个水平向右，一个垂直斜面向上D ．球A 受三个弹力作用，一个水平向右，一个垂直斜面向上，一个竖直向下．二、多选题21．如图所示，质量相等的物块A 和B 叠放在水平地面上，左边缘对齐。
A 与B 、B 与地面间的动摩擦因数均为μ。
先水平敲击A ，A 立即获得水平向右的初速度v A ，在B 上滑动距离L 后停下。
接着水平敲击B ，B 立即获得水平向右的初速度v B ，A 、B 都向右运动，左边缘再次对齐时恰好相对静止，相对静止前B 的加速度大小为a 1，相对静止后B 的加速度大小为a 2，此后两者一起运动至停下。
已知最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，重力加速度为g 。
下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．123a a =B ．v A 2gL μC ．22B v gL μ=D ．从左边缘再次对齐到A 、B 停止运动的过程中，A 和B 之间没有摩擦力22．在某次军事演习中，空降兵从悬停在空中的直升机上跳下，当下落到距离地面适当高度时，打开降落伞，最终安全到达地面，空降兵从跳离飞机到安全到达地面的过程中在竖直方向的v —t 图像如如所示，则以下判断正确的是A ．空降兵在0到t 1时间内做自由落体运动B ．空降兵在t 1到t 2时间内的加速度方向竖直向上，大小在逐渐减小C ．空降兵在0到t 1时间内的平均速度是12v 2 D ．空降兵在t 1到t 2时间内的平均速度小于12(v 1+v 2) 23．物体沿一直线运动，在t 时间通过的路程为s ，在中间位置2s 处的速度为v 1，在中间时刻2t 时速度为v 2，则v 1与v 2关系为（ ） A ．当物体做匀速直线运动时v 1＝v 2B ．当物体做匀加速直线运动时v 1＞v 2C ．当物体做匀减速直线运动时v 1＞v 2D ．当物体做匀减速直线运动时v 1＜v 2 24．一质量为m 的滑块在粗糙水平面上匀减速滑行，已知滑块在最开始2 s 内的位移是最后2 s 内的位移的两倍，且已知滑块第1 s 内的位移为2.5 m ，由此可求得（ ） A ．滑块的加速度为5 m/s 2B ．滑块的初速度为5 m/sC ．滑块运动的总时间为3 sD ．滑动运动的总位移为4.5 m25．如图所示，竖直方向上的AE 被分成四个长度相等的部分，即AB =BC =CD =DE ，一物体从A 点由静止释放，不计空气阻力，下列结论正确的是（ ）A ．物体通过每一部分的过程中速度增量相等B ．物体到达各点的速度之比:::232BCDE v v v v =C ．物体从A 点运动到E 点的全过程平均速度B v v =D ．物体经过各段的时间之比:::1:3:5:7AB BC CD DE t t t t =三、实验题26．某同学在做“练习使用打点计时器”实验时打出的纸带如图所示，每两点之间还有四个点没有画出来，图中上面的数字为相邻两点间的距离，打点计时器的电源频率为50 HZ ．（1）相邻两个计数点间的时间为__．（2）打第四个计数点时纸带的速度v 1=__m/s ．27．用如图甲所示的装置做“验证力的平行四边形定则”的实验。
（1）某同学的实验操作如下，请完成相关内容。
①在桌面上放一方木板，在方木板上铺一张白纸，用图钉把白纸钉在方木板上。
②用图钉把橡皮条一端固定在A 点，另一端系上两根细绳，细绳的另一端系有绳套。
③用两个弹簧测力计分别钩住绳套，互成角度地拉橡皮条，橡皮条伸长，使结点到达某一位置O ，记下O 点的位置，读出两个弹簧测力计的示数，并________。
④按选好的标度，用铅笔和刻度尺作出两个弹簧测力计的拉力F 1和F 2的图示，并用平行四边形定则求出合力F 。
⑤只用一个弹簧测力计，通过细绳套把橡皮条的结点拉到同样的位置O ，____，记下细绳的方向，按同一标度作出这个力F ′的图示。
（2）某次实验中弹簧测力计的示数如图乙所示，则两弹簧测力计的拉力的大小分别为_________N 、_____N 。
（3）若两个弹簧测力计的读数分别为3.00N 、4.00N ，且两弹簧测力计拉力方向的夹角为锐角，则_____ (选填“能”或“不能”)用一个量程为5N 的弹簧测力计测出它们的合力，理由是______。