2011职称英语国家教材强化_完形填空课程讲义

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英语(二)完形填空讲义(强化班)

目录2011年英语（二）考试大纲样题 (2)2010年英语（二）考试真题 (3)英语（二）考试模拟试题1 (4)英语（二）考试模拟试题2 (5)英语（二）考试练习题 (7)习题一： (7)习题二： (7)习题三： (8)习题四： (9)习题五： (9)习题六： (10)习题七： (11)强化班试题参考答案 (11)2011年英语（二）考试大纲样题Use of EnglishOlympic Game are held every four year at a different site,in which athletes (1) ____ different nations compete against eath other in a (2) _____ of sports.There are two types of Olympics,the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.In order to (3) _____ the Olympic,a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee(IOC).After all proposals have been (4) _____,the IOC votes.If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote,the city with the fewest votes is eliminated,and voting continues ,with (5)____ rounds,until a majority winner is determined.Typically the Game are awarded several years in advance, (6) _____ the winning city time to prepare for the Games.In selecting the (7)_____ of the Olympic Games,the IOC considers a number of factors,chief among them which city has,or promises to build ,the best facilities,and which organizing committee seems most likely to (8)____ the Games effectively.The IOC also (9) ____ which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. (10) ____ Tokyo,Japan,the host of the 1964 Summer Games,were chosen (11)____ to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia an in Latin America.(12) _____ the growing importance of television worldwide,the IOC in recent years has also taken into (13) ____ the host city’s time zone . (14) ____ the Game take place in the United States or Canada,for example,American television networks are willing to pay (15) ____ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events(16) ____ , in prime viewing hours.(17) ___ the Game have been awarded,it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance the.This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television (18) ____ and with corporate sponsorships,ticket sales,and other smaller revenue sources.In many (19) ___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieve a financial profit by hosting the Games,the Olympic can be financially (20)____ .when the revenues from the Games were less than expected,the city was left with large debts.1. A. in B.for C. of D. revealed2. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series3. A. host B. take C. run anize 44. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordingnated5. A.suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding6. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing7. A. site B.spot C. locationg D. place8. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor9. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculate10. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole11. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common12. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of13. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim14. A. However B. Whatever C.Whenever D.Wherever15. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D.significantly16. A. live B. living C.alive D. lively17. A.Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Wherever18. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns19. A.cases B. conditions C. chances D.circumstances20. A.safe B.risky C. tempting D. feasible2010年英语（二）考试真题The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic (1) ____ by the World Health Organization in 41years.The heightened alert (2) _____ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assemble after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,an rising(3) _____ in Britain ,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is “(4) _____”in serverity ,according to Margaret Chan,the organization director general, (5)____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery ,often in the (6) _____ of any medical treatment .The outbreak came to global (7)_____ in late April2009,when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations an deaths (8)____ healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic ,cases began to (9) ____ in New York City ,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade (10) ____ warmer arrived .But in late September 2009,officials reported there was (11)____ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the (12) _____ tested are the new swine flu,also known as (A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has (13) ____ ,more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials (14) ____ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began (15) ____ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine .The new vaccine ,which is different from the annual flu vaccine ,is (16) ____ ahead of expectations .More than three millon doses were to be made available in early October 2009,though most of those (17) ____ million doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type ,which is not (18) ____ for pregnaut women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other (19) ____ .But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups:health care workers,people (20)____ infants and healthy young people.1. A. criticized B.appointed mented D.designated2. A.proceeded B. activated C. followed D.prompted3. A. digits B. numbers C.amounts D.sums4. A.moderate B. normal C. unusual D. extreme5. A.with B.in C. from D. by6. A. progress B. absence C.presence D. favor7. A. reality B.phenomenon C. concept D. notice8. A. over B. for C. among D. to9. A. stay up B. crop up C. fill up D.cover up10. A. as B. if C. unless D. until11. A. excessive B. enormous C. significant D. magnificent12. A.categories B. examples C.patterns D. samples13. A.imparted B. immersed C. injected D. infected14. A. released B.relayde C.relieved D.remained15. A. placing B. delivering C. taking D.giving16. A. feasible B. available C.reliable D. applicable17. A.prevalent B. principal C. innovative D. initial18. A. presented B. restricted C. recommended D.introduced19. A.problems B. issues C. agonies D.sufferings20. A.involved in B.caring for C. concerned with D. warding off英语（二）考试模拟试题1Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop the spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS -- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome --- was (1) ____ for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, (2) _____ since then has infected more than 1,600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this (3) _____, there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease.Symptoms start (4) _____ a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body (5)____. Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might (6) _____ to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require (7)_____ ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms (8)____ begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it (9) ____ take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to (10) ____ a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence (11)____ antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, (12) _____ doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of(13) ____ Scientists aren’t sure yet, but some researchers think it’s a (14) ____ discovered corona virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds.Most cases appear to have been passed (15) ____ droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care (16) ____ them have been most likely to (17) ____ the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the (18) ____ might spread through air, or that the virus might (19) ____ for two to three hours on doorknobs or other (20)____. Health experts say it is unlikely, though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.1. A. detected B. caught C. disclosed D. revealed2. A. but B. and C. or D. yet3. A. time B. point C. aspect D. instance4. A. from B. over C. upon D. with5. A. hurt B. sore C. aches D. feelings6. A. process B. advance C. progress D. convert7. A. automatic B. artificial C. mechanical D. controlled8. A. regularly B. ordinarily C. traditionally D. generally9. A. will B. might C. should D. must10. A. cultivating B. fostering C. developing D. designing11. A. which B. that C. whether D. what12. A. so B. but C. still D. yet13. A. communication B. transportation C. transformation D. transmission14. A. lately B. newborn C. newly D. renewed15. A. under B. through C. beneath D. from16. A. for B. over C. after D. about17. A. acquire B. receive C. obtain D. contract18. A. ailment B. ill-health C. disease D. infection19. A. continue B. linger C. delay D. persist20. A. exteriors B. outside C. surfaces D. coverings英语（二）考试模拟试题2A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __1__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __2__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __3__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were _4__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __5__ of the green.The new research, __6__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __7__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __8__ means more places for kids to play – which is __9__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind __10__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __11__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __12__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__13__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __14__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __15__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __16__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __17__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __18__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take __19__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __20__ to you.1.A) abstracts B) theses C) hypotheses D) findings2.A) adapt B) attribute C) alternate D) allocate3.A) beside B) along C) with D) amongst4.A) related B) tracked C) glued D) appointed5.A) scraping B) depressing C) denying D) shrinking6.A) circulated B) published C) illuminated D) simulated7.A) for B) over C) to D) at8.A) seriously B) simply C) uniquely D) fully9.A) fatal B) vital C) subtle D) casual10.A) still B) yet C) too D) already11.A) profits B) benefits C) awards D) revenues12.A) aside B) apart C) outside D) outward13.A) Exposure B) Addiction C) Immunity D) Reaction14.A) much B) more C) less D) little15.A) expedition B) installment C) option D) analysis16.A) comfortably B) curiously C) negatively D) necessarily17.A) performed B) relieved C) delegated D) approved18.A)always B) almost C) merely D) mainly19.A) exception B) advantage C) charge D) measure20.A) elevated B) contented C) merciful D) grateful英语（二）考试练习题习题一：Visitors to this country are normally admitted for six months, but foreign students can usually stay for one year. They must 56 an educational institution, and they are required to study for a 57 of fifteen hours a week on a daytime course. Prospective students have to show that they can afford their studies, and that they have sufficient 58 resources to support themselves 59 in this country.In order to work here the foreigner needs a work permit, 60 must be applied for by his prospective employer. The problem here is that the Department of Employment has the right to grant or 61 these permits, and there is little that can be done 62 it；it would be extremely unwise for a foreign visitor to work 63 a permit, since anyone doing so is liable to immediate deportation（驱逐出境）. There are some people from the European countries, who are often given 64 residence permits of up to five years. Some other people, such as doctors, foreign journalists, authors and others can work without permits, and foreign students are normally allowed to 65 part-time jobs while they are studying here.1. A. establish B. purchase C. prove D. attend2. A. minimum B. maximum C. minority D. majority3. A. natural B. financial C. human D. economical4. A. after B. since C. while D. before5. A. it B. what C. that D. which6. A. receive B. refuse C. oppose D. accept7. A. for B. on C. about D. with8. A. with B. before C. after D. without9. A. temporary B. interior C. permanent D. short10. A. engage B. take C. expect D. work习题二：Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults. This is often done in the workplace, or 56 “continuing education”courses at secondary schools, or at a college or university.Educating adults differs from educating 57 in several ways. One of the most important58 is that adults have gained knowledge and experience which can 59 add value to a learning experience or interfere with it.Another important difference is that adults frequently must apply their knowledge in some60 fashion in order to learn effectively；there must be a 61 and a reasonable expectation that the new knowledge will help them further that goal. One example, 62 in the 1990s, was the spread of computer training courses in 63 adults, most of them office workers, could enroll. These courses would teach basic use of the operating system or specific application 64 .Because the skills 65 to interact with a PC were so new, many peoplewho had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training courses, either of their own will（to gain computer skills and thus can higher pay）or at the request of their managers.1. A. by B. from C. on D. through2. A. children B. students C. workers D. employees3. A. signs B. features C. differences D. practices4. A. either B. neither C. both D. so5. A. probable B. practical C. modern D. routine6. A. plan B. prospect C. goal D. possibility7. A. normal B. common C. regular D. profitable8. A. that B. which C. those D. whose9. A. software B. hardware C. technology D. framework10. A. related B. designed C. expected D. required习题三：Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005, 51 a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain’ s Economist magazine last week.The ambitious 52 to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only 53 of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses 54 on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability, job security, equality between men and women as well as what the magazine calls“freedom, family and community life”.Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic problems, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points 55 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8.07. Zimbabwe（津巴布韦）, troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the lowest, 56 only 3.89 points.“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices in developed countries are57 valued, ” the report said, “some of the factors associated with 58 such as in part take away from a positive impact.“Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new—the fourth highest gross domestic product per head in the world in 2005, low unemployment, political 59 —with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as 60 family and community life.”1. A. following up B. coming with C. according to D. except for2. A. attempt B. attack C. attitude D. attraction3. A. reason B. volume C. measure D. monitor4. A. amount B. data C. number D. account5. A. up to B. out of C. off and on D. in about6. A. missing B. getting C. keeping D. putting7. A. hardly B. excessively C. highly D. passively8. A. modernization B. civilization C. constitution D. tradition9. A. liberties B. activities C. unions D. campaigns10. A. sticky B. static C. steep D. stable习题四：German zoologist Randolf Menzel says bees aren’t’ t as busy as people believe they are.“Bees are not particularly 51 . Instead they sleep a lot and are lazy. They spend 52 80 per cent of the night sleeping. Even during the day they often fly to the nest 53 they rest their wings.”said Menzel, a zoologist at the Free University in Berlin, who has studied bees for four decades. But to 54 for their apparent laziness, they are actually very intelligent. They are55 learners and able to recognize various smells.Menzel said bees’ learning, like 56 of many animals, was based on a reward system. “If a bee is rewarded once for something, it remembers it for a week. But if it is rewarded three times, it will remember it for its 57 lifetime.”Said Menzel. He last week was awarded a58 by the German Zoological Society.The memory capacity of bees means they can 59 among more than 50 different smells to find the one they want.“What is interesting is that what smells good to a bee, is also a 60 smell for humans.”said Menzel.1. A. working hard B. hardworking C. hard working D. working hardly2. A. as to B. as much C. up to D. such as3. A. what B. to which C. in that D. where4. A. Compensate B. provide C. search D. account5. A. rapid B. swift C. speedy D. quick6. A. those B. which C. that D. what7. A. full B. integrate C. all D. entire8. A. prize B. praise C. price D. pride9. A. discriminate B. distinguish C. divide D. derive10. A. sickening B. pleasant C. harsh D. graceful习题五：One of the most convenient and cheapest ways to see America is by riding a Greyhound bus. This interstate bus system connects all major cities in the United States, 51 people with frequent and convenient service. The bus system even has an international service 52 makes connection with cities in Canada and Mexico.Its network even extends to some of the smaller towns and out-of-the-way communities 53 the great interior of the country. Traveling by bus may 54 longer than flying by plane, but the terminals are located in the center of most cities and there is 55 to the downtown area.These buses are comfortable and air-conditioned. They are all equipped with toilets in the rear to 56 the convenience of the passengers, but there are some very severe 57 of conduct which are strictly enforced. On all buses 58 is forbidden and the consumption of alcoholic drinks is not allowed.59 bus travel may not be suited to everyone's taste, it affords budget travelers the60 to see America in comfort and safety and at a leisurely unhurried pace.1. A. providing B. giving C. offering D. favoring2. A. which B. what C. who D. such3. A. for B. along C. from D. in4. A. spend B. use C. take D. consume5. A. fast way B. easy access C. short path D. direct approach6. A. keep up B. result in C. look after D. add to7. A. rules B. terms C. clauses D. points8. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoker9. A. As B. Whether C. Although D. However10. A. chance B. money C. time D. occasion习题六：Colleges in the US have added a new subject, "green chemistry" , to their curriculum (课程) today. "Green chemistry 51 how we can develop products that won't 52 the environment," explains Paul Anastas, director of Yale University's Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering. It opened at the beginning of this year. The American Chemical Society, 53 approves more than 600 college chemistry programs, only lists about a dozen that teach green chemistry. But that 54 is growing.Cambridge College in Massachusetts is offering" an introduction to green chemistry" course this fall and is offering the nation's first bachelor's and master's 55 in green chemistry. The program will have classes in environmental science and even environmental 56 and policy. These subjects are not 57 taught to chemistry majors. Employers 58 the introduction of green chemistry. Businesses are increasingly seeking graduates 59 backgrounds in the subject because it can help them make or save money in the development and manufacturing of products. "We need people who can not only understand their place 60 , but also understand the worldwide perspective," said Adam Peterson, a chemicals division manager at Dow Coming Corp.1. A. looks on B. looks in C. looks at D. looks after2. A. injure B. distress C. wound D. hurt3. A. which B. that C. such D. thus4. A. size B. number C. amount D. quantity5. A. tides B. degrees C. status D. ranks6. A. law B. act C. bill D. treaty7. A. controversially B. eventually C. gradually D. traditionally8. A. dislike B. ignore C. welcome D. enjoy9. A. on B. in C. with D. from10. A. in a row B. in person C. in common D. in a chain新东方在线[ ]英语二网络课堂电子教材系列强化班——完形填空习题七：For years we have believed we were either healthy or sick. __51__, during the mid-90s, scientists developed a new concept called “sub-health”, a status __52__ health and illness. The concept of sub-health has become __53__ because it has helped to explain many health problems. __54__ one study, only 5.6% of people in the overall population are actually sick, __55__ the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the __56__ population is considered healthy. __57__ of one’s sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and remain healthy. Sub-Health is a state in which the body is __58__ turning from health to illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively __59__ the conditions of health, sub-health and disease. Factors __60__ aging, internal or external toxicity （毒性）, and body or mind exhaustion may cause sub-health, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy status to a healthy one.1.A Besides B However C Meantime D Therefore2 A between B within C beyond D toward3 A global B controversial C common D popular4.A Due to B Thanks to C Prior to D According to5 A though B since C whereas D for6 A retaining B remaining C reserving D relating7 A Awareness B Causes C Treatment D Doubts8 A still B already C either D neither9 A comparing B choosing C balancing D improving10 A as B like C up to D along with强化班试题参考答案英语（二）考试大纲样题参考答案：1-5 DCABC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 BDBCD 16-20 ADCAB2010年英语（二）考试真题参考答案：1-5 DCBAA 6-10 BDCBA 11-15 CDDAC 16-20 BDCAB英语（二）考试模拟试题1 参考答案：1-5 ABBDC 6-10 CCDBC 11-15 BADCB 16-20 ADCBC英语（二）考试模拟试题2 参考答案：1-5 DBCAD 6-10 BCBBC 11-15 ACACD 16-20 DDABD英语（二）考试练习题参考答案随后上传11。

2011综合类职称英语教材新增文章--完形填空解读

【新增】Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years (A级) 上世纪人类平均寿命的变化A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47;in the early 21st century，men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74，women to about 80，and these ages are rising all the time.What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people 100 years ago，we need to look at the greatest killers of the time.In the early 20th century，these were the acute and often highly infectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others，and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far less deadly today，and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number of factors have led to this：improvements in sanitation and hygiene.the discovery and use of antibiotics，which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous，and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition，people’s general health has improved with imp rovements in our general environment：cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically, we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today，there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses，such as heart disease and strokes，and those spread by viruses，such as influenza and AIDS1.Of course，cancer is a huge killer as well.In most cases these diseases affect older people，but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leading to more heart disease and illnesses such asdiabetes at younger ages.The killers to day can be classed as“lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.【词汇】expectancy n.预期preserve vt.保藏，防止(食物) 腐烂acute adj.(疾病)急性的infectious adj.传染性的nutrition n.营养smallpox n.天花chronic adj.(疾病)慢性的sanitation n.环境卫生stroke n.中风hygiene n.个人卫生virus n.病毒antibiotic n.抗生素influenza n.流行性感冒bacterial adj细菌性的trend n.趋势，倾向vaccination n.种痘obesity n肥胖diabetes n.糖尿病halt vt.使…停止bring about 带来，life span 寿命百年以前，发达国家的人均寿命大约是47岁；到21世纪初，美英两国的男性平均寿命约为74岁，女性则约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。

2011年全国职称英语综合类

2011年全国职称英语综合类（A级）真题及答案解析职业培训教育网2011-10-25 12:07【大中小】【我要纠错】第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear—— obscure2. T he sea turtle‘s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A（greatly）– considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C （push）—— urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ——provoke：6.Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic——vigorous8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake – tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ——hail：10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案：D afraid—— scared11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what hadhappened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案：D understand—— grasp12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying—— remarking13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energysource.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D （maintain）– assert14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college studentstaking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D （continuous）– steady15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes—— finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011年职称英语教材-理工类15篇完型填空课文及题干(含译文)无答案版

大家论坛职称英语版块/forum-109-1.html2011理工完型填空课文及题干（含译文）无答案版1.库克船长弓箭的传说这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。

传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。

在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书·菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。

”但这并不能停止博物馆在展览会上展出弓箭。

“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。

库克是英国最伟大探险家之一，他在1770年发现了“南大陆”，也就是现在的澳大利亚。

此后在桑伟奇群岛被棒击致死。

库克弓箭传说始于1824年，当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚，一名伦敦外科医生威廉正当斯，并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后用库克的遗骨做成的。

在19世纪90年代，弓箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。

这个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。

据菲利普说，澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的骨头。

但是，库克迷们却不肯放弃希望。

他们期待库克传说之一将会被证明是正确，并且他人部分遗骨还会被发现。

正如他们所说，有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。

库克船长协会的会长克利夫托马森在一个来自英国的声明中说：“在这个问题上，科技取得了胜利。

我坚信某一天库克传说之一将会被证明是真的。

”Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has 1 ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook 2 died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is 3 Cook i n the Australian Museum,” museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 4 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which 5 include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani‟opu‟u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain‟s great explorers and is credited with 6 the “Great South Land,” 7Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook‟s arrow began in 1824 8 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook‟s wife, saying it was made of Cook‟s bone after the fatal 9 with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued 10 it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook‟s bone but was more 11 made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook‟s fans 12 to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of hisremains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook‟s body was 13at sea in 1779. “On this occasion technology has won,” said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a 14 from Britain. “But I am 15 that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”1.A. finally B. firstly C. lately D. usually2.A. whose B. who C. which D. what3.A. some B. none C. neither D. no4.A. cinema B. exhibition C. shop D. market5.A. must B. did C. has to D. does6.A. discovering B. visiting C. traveling D. using7.A. then B. now C. past D. previously8.A. how B. where C. when D. that9.A. conversation B. fight C. meal D. dance10.A. however B. until C. after D. whenever11.A. helpfully B. usefully C. likely D. readily12.A. refuse B. return C. regain D. reply13.A. collected B. washed C. stored D. buried14.A. statement B. suggestion C. proposal D. guess15.A. safe B. weak C. sure D. lucky2.雪崩和安全问题雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和水沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。

2011年职称英语理工类-完型填空

2011年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目大家论坛职称英语版块：/forum-109-1.html理工类完形填空新增文章篇目第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?*第十二篇Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens +第十五篇Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores第三篇What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?What is the coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this low temperature recorded? The coldest recorded temperature on Earth was -91℃ which —l— in Antarctica in 1983．We encounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in—2一. Temperatures in Earth orbit actually range from about +120℃to -120℃．The temperature depends upon —3—you are in direct sunlight or shade．Obviously, -l20℃is colder than our body can safely endure．Thank NASA science for well-designed space —4— that protect astronauts from these temperature extremes．The space temperatures just discussed affect only Our area l of the solar —5—．Obviously，it is hotter closer to the Sun and colder as we travel away from the Sun．Astronomers estimate temperatures at Pluto are about -210℃．How cold is the lowest estimated temperature in the entire universe? Again，it depends upon your —6—．We are taught it is supposedly —7— to have a temperature below absolute zero，which is-273℃，at which atoms do not move．Two scientists，whose names are Cornell and Wieman，have successfully cooled down a gas temperature barely —8—absolute zero．They won a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 for their work—not a discovery，in this case2．Why is the two scientists' work so important to science?In the l920s，Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting —9— about particles we now call photons．Bose had trouble —l0—other scientists to believe —11—he contacted Albert Einstein．Einstein's calculations helped him theorize —12— behave as Bose thought——but only at very cold temperatures．Scientists have also discovered that —13—atoms can help them make the world's atomic clocks even more accurate．These clocks are so accurate today they would only lose3 0ne second —14—six million years! Such accuracy will help us travel in space because distance is velocity times time4 (d=v×t)．With5the long distances involvedin space —15— to know time as accurately as possible to get accurate distance．词汇：Antarctica n．南极洲Orbit n．轨道NASA 美国国家航空和航天管理局Astronomer n．天文学家Pluto n．冥王星Photon n．光子Theorize v．推理，使理论化Velocity n．速度注释：1．our area：我们的这个区域。

2011职称

下面是2011年阅读理解和完形填空新增文章的目录，供大家在复习时进行对照。

综合类阅读理解部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第三十八篇Excessive Demands on Young People对年轻人的过高期望综合类完型填空部分新增3篇(与2010职称英语教材对比)B级*第十二篇Sport or Spectacle竞技还是表演?综合类教材中完型填空题型错误提醒：1、第十三篇英文暂无译文。

2、第十三篇中文译文实为第十五篇英文的译文。

3、第十五篇中文译文，大家可忽略不计，因英文已在教材删除。

复习重点仍应该放在词汇选项、阅读理解、完型填空三大题型上。

（一）阅读理解题型复习策略：关注新增文章：大家要利用这段时间把2011年新增的文章（新增文章列表见下文），尤其是本类别新增的文章要仔细认真的进行背诵和复习，在背诵文章时，应注意以下三点：（1）背诵每个题目的答案，不能只记ABCD（2）关注文章的中文内容，为换题做准备；（3）要全面重点背诵三个类别中新增的15篇文章，防止串考现象。

（二）完型填空题型复习策略：大家在复习完形填空题型时，应注意以下几点：（1）完型填空题型为题库出题，不需要做课外题目，综合类、理工类、卫生类串考情况比较少，各级别复习重点，综合类学生要扩大复习范围。

（2）复习要有层次感：把握住复习重点（3）复习程度把握：每篇文章的中文意思一定要全部了解，不能只记标题。

文章空白处反复练习，语法现象熟记。

（三）词汇选项题型的复习策略大家可以利用2月份这段时间集中进行同义词的积累和记忆，同时每天利用一定的时间练习进行查字典，对于基础较差的考生，建议抽时间坚持每天可以练习10—20对左右，这样有利于大家全面攻克词汇选项题型。

（四）其他题型的复习策略：阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子和补全短文三个题型，由于题目难度较大，且根据往年出题规律，一般不出教材内的内容，分值所占比重较小。

建议考生在复习过程中主要以掌握解题技巧为主，通过一些习题进行技巧的灵活应用。

2011职称英语考试理工完形填空

目录理工类----C级 (1)Captain Cook Arrow Legend (1)Less Is More (2)Wonder Webs (3)A Biological Clock (4)Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely (5)Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind (6)Animal's "Sixth Sense" (6)Seeing red Means Danger Ahead (7)A valanche and Its Safety (8)理工类---B级 (9)An Intelligent Car (9)The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints (10)China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival (11)理工类---A级 (12)Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity (12)Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters (13)Cell Phone Lets Y our Secret Out (14)完形填空参考答案 (16)理工类----C级Captain Cook Arrow LegendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has 1 ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook 2 died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.―There is 3 Cook in the Australian Museum,‖ museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 4 , ―Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,‖ which 5 include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani‘opu‘u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain‘s great explorers and is credited with 6 the ―Great South Land,‖ 7 Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook‘s arrow began in 1824 8 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook‘s wife, saying it was made of Cook‘s bone after the fatal 9 with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued 10 it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook‘s bone but was more 11 made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook‘s fans 12 to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook‘s body was 13 at sea in 1779. ―On this occasion technology has won,‖ said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a 14 from Britain. ―But I am 15 that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it willhappen one day.‖练习：1.A. finally B. firstly C. lately D. usually2.A. whose B. who C. which D. what3.A. some B. none C. neither D. no4.A. cinema B. exhibition C. shop D. market5.A. must B. did C. has to D. does6.A. discovering B. visiting C. traveling D. using7.A. then B. now C. past D. previously8.A. how B. where C. when D. that9.A. conversation B. fight C. meal D. dance10.A. however B. until C. after D. whenever11.A. helpfully B. usefully C. likely D. readily12.A. refuse B. return C. regain D. reply13.A. collected B. washed C. stored D. buried14.A. statement B. suggestion C. proposal D. guess15.A. safe B. weak C. sure D. luckyLess Is MoreIt sounds all wrong —drilling holes in a piece of wood to make it more resistant to knocks. But it works because the energy from the blow gets distributed throughout the wood rather than focusing on one weak spot. The discovery should lead to more effective and lighter packaging materials.Carpenters have known 1 centuries that some woods are tougher than others. Hickory, for example, was turned into axe handles and cartwheel spokes because it can absorb shocks without breaking. White oak, for example, is much more easily damaged, 2 it is almost as dense.1 Julian Vincent at Bathe University and his team were convinced the wood's internal structure could explain the differences.Many trees have tubular vessels that run 3 the trunk and carry water to the leaves. In oak they are large, and arranged in narrow bands, but in hickory they are smaller, and more evenly distributed. The researchers 4 this layout might distribute a blow's energy throughout the wood, soaking up a bigger hit. To test the idea, they drilled holes 0.65 millimetres across into a block of spruce, a wood with 5 vessels, and found that 6 withstood a harder knock. 7 when there were more than about 30 holes per square centimetre did the wood's performance drop off.A uniform substance doesn't cope well with knocks because only a small proportion of the material is actually 8 . All the energy from the blow goes towards breaking the material in one or two places, but often the pieces left 9 are pristine.But instead of the energy being concentrated in one place, the holes provide many weak spots that all absorb energy as they break, says V incent. "Y ou are controlling the places 10 the wood breaks, and it can then absorb more 11 , more safely."The researchers believe the principle could be applied to any material —12 example, to manufacture lighter and more protective packaging. It could 13 be used in car bumpers, crash barriers and armour for military vehicles, says Ulrike Wegst, 14 the Max Plank Institute for Mental Research in Stuttgart. But she emphasizes that you'd 15 to design the substance with the direction of force in mind. "The direction of loading is crucial," she says.练习：1. A for B since C in D at2. A but B although C and D despite3. A down B over C up D into4. A discovered B concluded C found D thought5. A no B per C each D every6. A the idea B it C they D the spruce7. A If B Just C Only D Rarely8. A effected B beaten C slapped D affected9. A behind B beyond C for D intact10. A which B where C that D there11. A water B air C energy D safety12. A among B in C as D for13. A also B besides C else D yet14. A over B at C around D on15. A necessity B must C need D hadW onder W ebsSpider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world‘s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet __1__ enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web‘s strength? A type of super-resilient __2__ called dragline. When the female spider is ready to __3__ the web‘s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along __4__ to spin the web‘s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver __5__ her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made __6__ used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original __7__ and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes __8__.It is no __9__ manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady __10__ of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not __11__ because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The __12__ step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their __13__. ―The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without __14__ help from us,‖ says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers __15__ the real thing snags bugs.练习：1. A. tough B. soft C. large D. smooth2. A. cloth B. silk C. nylon D. wool3. A. repair B. pull C. move D. weave4. A.him B. her C. it D. those5. A. refixes B. reproduces C. remakes D. reuses6. A. metal B. mass C. material D. model7. A. breadth B. length C. height D. strength8. A. close B. well C. open D. awake9. A. hurry B. worry C. wonder D. use10. A. shipment B. supply C. run D. exchange11. A. run B. go C. deal D. work12. A. previous B. foremost C. first D. front13. A. milk B. meat C. lungs D. muscle14. A. no B. any C. some D. many15. A. As fast as B. as gently as C. as fully as D. as little asA Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells 1 when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. It tells 2 when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal 3 the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur 4 the number of hours of daylight. In the short 5 of winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration 6 twice each year. Birds 7 flying become restless when it is time for the trip, 8 they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which 9 of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small, group of cells near the front of the brain 10 to control the timing of some of our actions. These 11 tell a person when to 12 , when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say, there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studying 13 our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.14 can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said 15 understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and Would help increase a factory's production.练习:1. A scientists B humans C plants D animals2. A insects B birds C fish D snakes3. A effect B affect C effected D affected4. A because B for the reason that C because of D since5. A months B days C minutes D weeks6. A flight B fly C movement D transportation7. A prevented from B ordered by C helped by D intruded on8. A and B but C therefore D however9. A portions B parts C sections D kinds10. A try B tries C seem D seems11. A things B parts C cells D actions12. A awaken B woke C awakening D wake-up13. A how B why C where D what14. A We B It C They D Y ou15. A so B with C such D ifCar Thieves could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine 1 , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices 2 only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and 3 be available to ordinary cars in the UK 4 two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates 5 miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. 6 the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle‘s engine management system and prevent the engine 7 restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers 8 shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making 9 harder for car thieves. ―The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,‖says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part 10 the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to 11 a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not 12 them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this 13 achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner‘s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner‘s keys double the previous year‘s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would 14 a major new obstacle in the criminal‘s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the 15 expects.练习：1. A. off B. on C. at D. of2. A. is B. was C. were D. are3. A. can B. have to C. need to D. should4. A. after B. for C. in D. at5. A. the B. / C. a D. an6. A. With B. If C. But D. And7. A. helping B. being C. get D. be8. A. whose B. who C. that D. when9. A. life B. cars C. warning D. problem10. A. about B. to C. by D. on11. A. use B. inform C. ask D. teach12. A. let B. allow C. make D. give13. A. have helped B. helped C. had helped D. was helped14. A. speak B. have C. link D. put15. A. lawyer B. doctor C. customer D. specialistSinging Alarms Could Save the BlindIf you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building —and that could be fatal.A company in Leeds could change all that2 1 directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company 2 the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for 3 people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria. 4 produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the 5 is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be 6 by humans. "It is a burst of white noise 7 people say sounds like static on the radio," she says. "Its life-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large 8 room. It 9 them nearly four minutes to find the door 10 a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain 11 sounds at the university. She says that the 12 of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms 13 the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up 14 down stairs. They were 15 with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.练习：1. A without B with C having D selling2. A run by B changed by C decorated by D criticized by3. A slow B deaf C blind D lame4. A Alarms B Alarm C The alarm D The alarms~5. A noise B sound C music D bell6. A watched B produced C learnt D heard7. A where B what C that D how8. A smoked B smoke-filled C filled with smoke D smoke-filling9. A has taken B takes C took D will take10. A on B near C without D from11. A processes B produces C possesses D proceeds12. A feature B quality C diagram D source13. A basis on B base on C basing on D based on14. A or B and C but D otherwise15. A developed B determined C discovered D deliveredAnimal's "Sixth Sense"A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousandsof people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, 1 , seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a "sixth sense" for 2 , experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly 3 wild beasts, with no dead animals found."No elephants are dead, not 4 a dead rabbit. I think animals can 5 disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening," H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The 6 washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Y ala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife 7 and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards."There has been a lot of 8 evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven," said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior 9 at Johannesburg Zoo."There have been no 10 studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting2," he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this 11 ."Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain 12 , especially birds... there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals 13 rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal "sixth sense" —or 14 other mythical power —is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls 15 omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.练习：1. A therefore B however C although D whatever2. A shelters B foods C disasters D water3. A missed B protected C raised D caught4. A such B too C so D even,5. A feel B see C hear D sense6. A waves B tides C winds D rivers7. A birthplaces B playground C reserve D storage8. A experimental B apparent C scientific D chemical9. A specialist B assistant C supporter D sponsor,10. A additional B specific C especial D exceptional11. A modification B detection C assessment D value,12. A route B behavior C principle D phenomenon13. A unwillingly B occasionally C doubtfully D certainly14. A some B much C many D few15. A on B as C for D inSeeing red Means Danger AheadThe color red often means danger -- and by paying attention, 1 can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red lights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so 2 don't run into other cars.In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger 3 construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports2- or other kinds of materials—could one day contain a color-changing material. It willturn red 4 a structure collapses or falls 5 A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems.A polymer 6 a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures to be easily 7 .The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by 8 bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up 9 you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they're held together.When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes "injured" or 10 , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. "It's a really simple detection method," says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. "We're 11 up this one bond, and it changes color. " Sottos and her team tested the color-changing polymers in their lab. The test 12 proved encouraging.There is a way to get rid of the red color: 13 . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed - and the red color disappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be 14 , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore's warning system useless.Sottos and her fellow scientists still have 15 work to do before the color-changing molecules can be used outside the lab.练习：1. A measures B accidents C actions D collapses2. A they B it C some D most3. A with B over C at D in4. A before B after C once D while5. A together B behind C down D apart6. A contacting B conducting C containing D considering7. A controlled B spotted C repaired D changed8. A technical B electronic C physical D chemical9. A everything B something C nothing D anything10. A weak B strong C tough D soft11. A using B opening C turning D finishing12. A laws B theories C tools D results13. A air B electricity C light D sound14. A aside B beside C inside D outside15. A a part of B a pair of C a piece of D a lot ofAvalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.A valanches are 1 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 2 supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 3 to cause an avalanche, 4 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 5 of avalanche. Snow does not 6 significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not 7 easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 8 35 and 45degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 9 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 10 ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous 11 , including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 12 , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also 13 the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 14 to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 15 or damaged. A void traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.练习：1. A among B of C to D in2. A when B that C who D whose3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely4. A are B will be C is D was5. A weight B form C risk D work6. A fall B flow C roll D gather7. A fall B flow C roll D gather8. A among B between C with D for9. A thick B thin C flat D rocky10. A use B time C snow D rain11. A journey B trip C fact D process12. A conditions B reports C forecast D event13. A increase B reduce C improve D remove14. A price B effort C attention D money15. A missing B grown C big D fresh理工类---B级An Intelligent CarDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all 1 and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has ―eyes,‖‖brains,‖‖hands‖ and ‖feet,‖ too. The minicameras 2 each side of the car are his ―eyes,‖ which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They watch the 3 to the car‘s left and right. There is also a highly 4 driving system in the car. It is the build-in computer, which is the virtual driver‘s ―brain,‖His ‗brain‖ calculates the speeds of 5 moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right 6 for the intelligent car, and gives 7 to the ―hands‖ and ―feet‖ to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver‘s best advantage? He reacts 8 . The minicameras are 9 images continuously to the ―brain.‖It 10 the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world‘s best driver 11 needs one second to react. 12 , when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident 13 considerably on expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Experts 14 that we cannot do that just yet,. His ability to recognize things is still 15 . He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.练习：1. A. these B. them C. this D. that2. A. within B. above C. to D. on3. A. police B. traffic C. trucks D. buses4. A. mechanical B. movable C. automatic D. electronic5. A. another B. other C. each other D. one another6. A. line B. lane C. track D. path7. A. space B. locations C. instructions D. time8. A. quickly B. cleverly C. virtually D. safely9. A. bringing B. taking C. sending D. carrying10. A. selects B. completes C. uses D. tests11. A. at least B. at most C. at last D. at best12. A. So B. However C. Besides D. Therefore13. A. count B. amount C. digit D. rate14. A. warn B. suggest C. invite D. check15. A. unknown B. few C. untested D. limitedThe Case of the Disappearing FingerprintsOne useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing 1 could become troublesome. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a 2 of losing fingerprints is.Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine to 3 his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the 4 , the patient decided to visit U. S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U.S. customs officials 5 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly 6 appearing from his index finger.U.S. customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are 7 and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys—terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country. Unfortunately, for the Singapore traveler, one potential 8 effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads. 9 , no fingerprints."It is uncertain when fingerprint loss will 10 to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine," Tan points out. So he cautions any physicians who 11 the drug to provide their patients with a doctor's note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States. I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags. But he's also now got the explanatory doctor's note—and won't leave home 12 it.By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration, 13 approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider 14 its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where 15 it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.练习：。

2011职称英语新增完型填空、阅读理解、全部译文

2011年综合类职称英语教材新增文章下载特别推荐：2011职称英语考试教材变化情况2011年职称英语教材四大变化解析2011年1—2月份职称英语阶段性复习重点2011年职称英语考试正版教材购习入口>>阅读理解新增文章（共3篇）第八篇The State of Marriage TodayIs there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years，the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded：almost 50%of marriages end in divorce now，and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues，it will lead to the breakup of the family，according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years，the average American will marry at least four times，and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this，and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple：marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn’t have jobs outside the home.But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs，this is no longer the case, so they don’t feel that they need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question，the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems. While the rate of divorce has risen，the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much，so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this，many couples no w cohabit and don’t bother to marry. These couples are effectively married，but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact，more than 50%of first marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people：they suffer less from stress and its consequences，such as heart problems，and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!词汇：divorce n.离婚 cohabit v.同居evidence n.证据，迹象 effectively ad.实际上futurist n.未来主义者 statistics n.统计，统计资料explode v.激增，迅速扩大deceptive adj.迷惑的，骗人的predict v.预言，预料，预报 outdated adj.旧式的，过时的extramarital adj.婚外的 indicate v.表明，暗示gloomy adj.阴暗的;令人沮丧的 consequence n.结果，后果institution n.制度，习俗 contented adj.满足的，满意的outlook n.展望，前景 counterpart n.对应的人(或物)pessimistic adj.悲观的注释：National Family Association：美国国家家庭联合会练习：1.Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today?A)Divorce leads to the breakup of the family.B)Half of the married couples get divorced.C)American people marry more than four times.D)More and more people are getting divorced.2.What does “this is no longer the case” in paragraph two mean?A ) It is not necessary to get married any more.B) Women do not need a husband any longer.C) Women are not economically dependant any more.D) Many wives do well-paying jobs outside home now.3.Why may the outlook of marriage not be as gloomy as it appears?A) Many people still like to get married.B)The rate of divorce has actually decreased.C)Over 50%of the marriages continue to exist.D)The statistics of divorce is not quite true.4.How do people usually feel in their marriage life?A)They are much healthier.B)They feel no longer single.C)They are more satisfied.D)They suffer a lot less.5.Which of the following about marriage is NOT mentioned in the passage?A)There will be more relationships outside marriage.B)Many people try to get married again after divorce.C)Marriage has long been partly an economical need.D)It is a fact that most people choose to get married.答案与题解：1. D 从第一段里可以了解到选项A与C都是预计将来会发生的，而不是如今的情况。

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目录第二部分完型填空 (188)综合类---C级 (188)Where Have All Our Visitors Gone? (188)Pretty Good (189)A health Profile (190)The Ideal Husband (191)Freezing to Death for Beauty (192)An Early Form of Jazz Music (193)Water (193)Reform on the Road (194)A Country's Standard of Living (195)Making Yourself a Good Record (196)综合类----B级 (197)Racial Prejudice (198)How a Terrible Battle helped to Change Europe (198)On the Net Friends Come and Go, Talking of... . (200)综合类---A级 (201)Sex change surgery guidelines drafted (201)The Greatest Mystery of Whales (202)理工类----C级 (203)Captain Cook Arrow Legend (203)Less Is More (204)Wonder Webs (205)A Biological Clock (206)Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely (207)Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind (208)Animal's "Sixth Sense" (209)Seeing red Means Danger Ahead (210)Avalanche and Its Safety (211)理工类---B级 (212)An Intelligent Car (212)The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints (213)China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival (214)理工类---A级 (216)Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity (216)Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters (217)Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out (218)卫生类---C级 (220)Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found (220)Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of Cancers (221)One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live (222)8 New York Students Have Swine Flu (222)卫生类---B级 (224)Hospital Mistreatment (224)Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence (225)Charter Schools (225)Many Women Who Beat Cancer Don't Change Habits (227)Nurse ! I Want My Mummy (228)Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV Treatment (229)卫生类---A级 (231)Homosexuals (231)Skin Cancer Now Top Cancer among Young Women in UK (232)Migrant Workers (233)Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack (234)Is Your Child's Stomach Pain All in His Head? (235)完形填空参考答案 (237)第二部分完型填空阅读下面的短文。

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综合类---C级Where Have All Our Visitors Gone?Sixty years ago, a man named Kenneth Arnold saw something that people are still__1__ today -something that changed popular culture for ever.Flying his plane over mountains in the US state of Washington, he saw a line of strange objects, either crescent -shaped or disc-like, flying__2__ the motion of a saucer skimming on water.The media soon picked up on the story - the Flying Saucers were here1! Was the earth being__ 3___ by creatures from another planet? Soon, so many sightings were made that the US military began to ___4___It called these strange objects UFO2s –Unidentified Flying Objects, and that is how they are 5 today.Military investigations found no evidence of visitors from outer space. But that did not stop the true__6__The military were__7__up, they said. Or__ 8__it was because the travelers from space were of such superior intelligence that they could hide from the most sophisticated military analysts.People have always seen strange lights in the sky. In the past these were explained in ___9___ ways. In a world where religion was less influential and science fiction was popular, signs from god were replaced by visitors from other __ 10__.The date of the first UFO signings was also significant. In 1947, World War II had just ended and the __11__ war was just beginning. Humanity seemed locked in endless conflicts. Like generations before them, people looked ___12___ the skies for help. But instead of seeking God, they looked for help from super-intelligent aliens with __ 13__ technology. Belief in UFOs became the first religion of science.However, even people who believe in UFOs are not quite sure why they visit the earth. The universe is a big place and it is __ 14__ to assume that there is life somewhere out there. It is possible that aliens have worked out how to travel through space. Yet some people report that they have been taken by aliens and have had experiments __ 15__ on them. Why would anyone travel across half the universe to conduct medical experiments on people living in small towns in the United States?练习：1. A. looking B.seeing C.seeking D.feeling2. A.below B. Underneath C.with D. under3. A. ruled B. bombarded C. captured D. visited4. A. investigate B. attack C. shoot D. confront5. A. named B. called C. Known D. dubbed6. A. believers B. thinkers C. followers D. liars7. A. hiding B. covering C. cheating D. tricking8. A. definitely B. undoubtedly C. necessarily D. maybe9. A. awkward B. crude C. religious D. foolish10. A. planets B. Continents C. countries D. regions11. A. cool B. star C. nuclear D. cold12. A. above B. to C. at D. up13. A. traditional B. backward C. Classical D. advanced14. A. unthinkable B. impossible C. reasonable D. insensible15. A. performed B. carried C. brought D. takenPretty GoodWhen Spanish football club Barcelona paid US$35 million for Ronaldinho last summer, they weren't buying a pretty face. ―I am 1 ,‖ admits the Brazilian superstar. ―But everyone has got a different kind of beauty. What I 2 have is charm.‖Indeed he has. His buck teeth, flowing hair, big smile, and of course his 3 skills are always eye-catching on the pitch. The 23-year-old striker scored two goals in a 3-2 win over Deportivo La Coruna on March 1. It was Barcelona‘s sixth win in a row and, thanks to their Brazilian‘s10-goal contribution. 4 looked like a poor season could no end a success.Ronaldinho—full name Ronaldo De Assis Moreira—is one of many South Americans who learned their skills playing in the backstreets before 5 them off on the world stage.Great things were 6 when Gremio signed him as a seven-year-old, and he soon became friends with Ronaldo, who was then the other young star of Brazilian football. It was Ronaldo who first called him Ronaldinho. which 7 Little Ronaldo, and the name stuck.He first 8 for his country in 1999 but it was at the 2002 World Cup where he showed his real worth, scoring an unbelievable free-kick in Brazil‘s quarter-final victory 9 England.―I have never failed to deliver in big matches,‖ Ronaldinho says,―My game is based on10 . Often a forward does not have the time to decide whether to shoot or pass. It is instinct that gives out the order.‖While he may not have David Beckham‘s good looks, Ronaldinho has a 11 reputation off the pitch. At former club Paris Saint Germain. which sold him to Barcelona, he broke 12 rules by going out and enjoying the city‘s nightlife.―Without doubt. Ronaldinho is the most13 player I have ever come across,‖ says former PSG coach Luis Ferdandez. ―The main14 for any coach is that one player without discipline can hurt the whole team.‖But Ronaldinho does n‘t think he has done anything wrong. ―I am just a young person who enjoys 15 ,‖ he says.练习：1. A. handsome B. good-looking C. attractive D. ugly2. A. do B. must C. will D. could3. A. dangerous B. frightening C. amazing D. awful4. A. that B. which C. what D. who5. A. demonstrating B. showing C. illustrating D. displaying6. A. wanted B. hoped C. expected D. desired7. A. means B. describes C. explains D. expresses8. A. kicked B. worked C. acted D. played9. A. at B. over C. on D. above10. A. imagination B. hypotheses C. improvisation D. assumptions11. A. cowboy B. good boy C. college boy D. playboy12. A. group B. team C. club D. association13. A. talented B. difficult C. skillful D. notorious14. A. question B. issue C. point D. problem15. A. life B. himself C. herself D. yourselfA health ProfileA health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health. To draw your health profile, you will 1 what diseases run in your family, what health hazards you may be exposed to 2 work, how your daily 3 compares to the recommended standards, how much time per week you 4 exercising and what type of exercise you engage 5 , how stressful your work and family environments are, what kinds of illnesses you get regularly, and6 or not you have any one of a number of addictions.7 this portrait, your should have a checkup to determine how your blood, heart, and lungs are functioning. This checkup will serve8 a baseline, to which you can then compare later tests.9 this profile is thoroughly drawn. you can begin to think about setting health priorities based 10 your particular portrait. For example, if you drink two martinis every evening, have a high-stress 11 , are overweight, smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first, followed 12 losing the excess weight, reducing the stress of your job. giving up your marihuana habit, and then finally giving some 13 to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer, and then heart disease. Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life, who is 14 excellent health, a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will 15 him in the future.练习：1. A. know B. have known C. need know D. need to know2. A. with B. in C. on D. at3. A. diet B. meals C. food D. dinner4. A. use B. devote C. spend D. take5. A. on B. in C. with D. about6. A. if B. whether C. either D. neither7. A. To complete B. Completing C. Completion D. To be completed8. A. as B. for C. on D. about9. A. Unless B. Once C. If D. Although10. A. around B. with C. about D. on11. A. work B. task C. job D. place12. A. on B. with C. after D. by13. A. thought B. idea C. thinking D. talk14. A. for B. in C. with D. on15. A. reap B. harvest C. benefit D. leadThe Ideal HusbandScience now might be able to explain women's fascination with Brad Pitt's face and George Clooney's eyes. Women seem to ____ 1 __ potential mate by how masculine their features are, new research shows. Men with square jaws and well-defined brow ridges are seen as good short-term partners, __ 2 ____ those with more feminine traits such as a rounder face and fuller lips are perceived as better long-term mates.In the study by Daniel Kruger at the US's University of Michigan, 854 subjects viewed a series of __ 3 __ head shots that had been digitally changed to exaggerate or minimize masculine.traits They then ____ 4____ questions about how they expected the men in the photos to behave.Most participants said that those with more masculine features were __ 5__ to be risky, competitive, and more apt to fight, challenge bosses, cheat on spouses and put less effort into parenting. Those with more feminine __ 6__ were seen as good parents and husbands, hard workers and emotionally supportive mates.But, despite all the negative characteristics, when asked who they would choose for a short-term relationship, women selected the more masculine __ 7__ men. Brad and George, both chiseled jaws and well-defined brows, then would be good for a __8 __ romance, not for something longer.The study was published in the December issue of the US journal Personal Relationships.Kruger said that from an evolutionary perspective, this __ 9 __ sense. The key is testosterone, the hormone responsible __10__ the development of masculine facial features and other sexual characteristics. It has been found to affect the body's ability to fight disease: men with high levels of the hormone are typically ____11___ and healthy- traits women want to pass on to their children.However, increased testosterone has also been linked to _ 12 and violence in relationships. So, these men 13 produce high quality offspring, but they don't always make great parents or faithful mates, Kruger says.The scientific community have __ 14__ skepticism toward physiognomy, which links facial characteristics to certain behavioral traits. But Kruger argues that the research is a valuable tool for understanding mating strategies. And, of course, for explaining why Tony Leung and Takeshi Kanesshiro have millions of female __15__ . It might have to do with their genes. Or something to do with ours.练习：1. A. make B. judge C. date D. meet2. A. where B. when C. while D. which3. A. female B. beautiful C. attractive, D. male4. A. answered B. asked C. constructed D. built.5. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. necessary6. A. bodies B. hands C. arms D. faces7. A. seeming B. appearing C. looking D. pretending8. A. fast B. brief C. quick D. swift9. A. makes B. causes C. does D. forms10. A. of B. at C. for D. in11. A. normal B. ordinary C. weak D. strong12. A. cheat B. cheats C. cheated D. cheating13. A. must B. might C. have to D. should14. A. shown B. told C. stated D. said15. A. spouses B. fans C. partners D. matesFreezing to Death for BeautyPeople in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear 1 , partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation. Cars take 2 straight to their workplaces, which are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so their 3 can afford to bum heat more quickly.Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay 4 Lots of Yale girls wear skirts 5 when it's 10 degrees Centigrade outside. Some of them at least wear boots, tights, and leg-warmers. Some, however, really just go for the look 6 the risk of health. These girls have nothing to prevent their legs 7 the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos are all that they wear.Typically, the ones pursuing fashion are 8 , with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in 9 weather. I have always l0 , whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived.And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to 11 health for beauty. But why do guys 12 so little? It is not like, once they shed some layers, they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they 13 wear sporty shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It's not cute.Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever 14 they want. I am just surprised that, given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut, they can still 15 like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.练习：1. A. scarce B. less C. little D. least2. A. people B. students C. shoppers D. them3. A. arms B. heads C. legs D. bodies4. A. bony B. thin C. fashionable D. hungry5. A. even B. sometimes C. frequently D. occasionally6. A. in B. for C. at D. on7. A. with B. against C. above D. under8. A. fat B. ugly C. short D. skinny9. A. warm B. cold C. cool D. hot10. A. dreamed B. stated C. claimed D. wondered11. A. sacrifice B. devote C. suffer D. endure12. A. bear B. carry C. wear D. put on13. A. only B. seldom C. rarely D. hardly14. A. method B. road C. way D. avenue15. A. see B. resemble C. show D. lookAn Early Form of Jazz MusicMusic comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. At the turn of the last century, ____ 1 _ jazz was born, America had no prominent __2 __ of its own. No one knows exactly when was invented or by whom. But it began to be __ 3 __ in the early 1890s. Jazz is America's contribution to __ 4 __ music. In contrast to classical music, which ____5____ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free in form. It bubbles with energy, ____6____ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the' 1920s jazz _____7______ like America. And so it does today. The ____8____ of the music are as interesting as the music itself. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers. They were brought to the Southern states ____9____ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friends and relatives __ 10 a procession to carry to body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the ____11 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music, suited to the occasion. ____12____ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their number, but the living were glad to be __ 13____. The band played 14music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__ 15 ____ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.练习：1. A. while B. when C. since D. as2. A. music B. songs C. melodies D. tunes3. A. listened B. noticed C. heard D. found4. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. serious5. A. introduces B. follows C. takes D. approaches6. A. disclosing B. explaining C. expressing D. exposing7. A. sounded B. felt C. looked D. seemed8. A. discoveries B. originals C. resources D. origins9. A. like B. for C. as D. by10. A. composed B. formed C. hosted D. demonstrated11. A. body B. demonstration C. procession D. march12. A. Furthermore B. Similarly C. But D. Therefore13. A. live B. alive C. life D. there14. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral15. A. sung B. showed C. played D. expressedWaterFrom the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose __ 1__ water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge __ 2 __ man'singenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians, __ 3__ were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws __4 __ water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000- __ 5 __ canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically __6__and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But __7 __ never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as "China's Sorrow"; it is so unpredictable and dangerous__8__in a single flood it has caused a million __9__ Floods slowed the great __10__of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage mined __ 11__ of its land. Today water dominates man __ 12__ it always has done. Its presence continues to __13__the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can __14__man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him ___15 __ his fellows; its immense Value may add to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.练习：1. A. where B. the place C. when D. in the place2. A. with B. as C. to D. on3. A. they B. / C. that D. who4. A. regulates B. regulate C. regulated D. regulating5. A. miles B. mile C. mile's D. miles'6. A. in use B. for use C. by use D. on use7. A. ancient B. the ancients C. ancients D. ancients people8. A. that B. / C. because D. which9. A. people B. deaths C. damages D. ruins10. A. influence B. effect C. society D. civilization11. A. many B. lot C. much D. a lots12. A. for B. as C. because D. whereas13. A. govern B. control C. lead D. influence14. A. cause B. violate C. kill D. damage15. A. by B. on C. and D. toReform on the RoadWill the reform on the use of government cars really reduce office expenditure 1 this count? There are no reports 2 such an outcome although some local governments have moved in that direction.Hangzhou government 3 its reform last month. Officials below the level of deputy bureau chief cannot use official trips for business trips. Instead they get subsidies between 300 and 2,600 yuan month according to their administrative rank. This reform is supposed to save the government the money involving in __4__ a large number of cars.Hangzhou in east China Zhejiang province is not the first to attempt __5__ reform. Nanjing, capital of the neighboring Jiangsu province, did so five years ago. Yet there is no report available of how much money the Nanjing government has saved 6 these measures. All that we know about is. the fact 7 government officials get monthly subsidies for business trips.The public have a right to 8 for transparency on the results of such reform 9 it is taxpayers' money that is being spent. Transparency is needed because people are 10 about policy, makers making policy against their own interests.Obviously, the subsidies are not based on work needs. Lower level officials usually travel 11 than high-ranking officials. Therefore, the impact of reform appears to be diluted.Transparency alone can tell us 12 the reform measures have indeed reduced government transport expenditure. If there is no disclosure of amounts saved by the reform, the public may have reason to suspect that the reform is actually a ploy 13 the income of officials in the form of a transport subsidy.The way government cars are used needs to be reformed, The government spending on purchase of cars was 80 billion yuan in 2008, and use and maintenance amounts to around 300 billion yuan a year.A study of ancient Chinese dynasties shows that the more reforms of the tax system, the heavier the taxes eventually _ 14 on subjects.The only way to prevent this vicious cycles from happening with government car reform today is for the higher authorities to have a strict and 15 audit of local finance.练习：1. A. on B. in C. about D. to2. A. indicates B. indicating C. indicated D. indicate3. A. completed B. terminated C. launched D. finished4. A. maintaining B. maintained C. maintenance D. maintain5. A. such a B. as such C. such that D. such6. A. by B. on C. through D. in7. A. which B. whether C. in which D. that8. A. providing B. offering C. supplying D. asking9. A. because B. therefore C. because of D. thus10. A. satisfied B. pleased C. skeptical D. confused11. A. less B. more C. faster D. farther12. A. how B. which C. that D. whether13. A. increased B. to be increased C. to increase D. increase14. A. levied B. taken C. consumed D. removed15. A. opaque B. transparent C. obscure D. ambiguousA Country's Standard of LivingThe "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, __ 1 __, depends first and __2__ on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money __3__ on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and "entertainment"1.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of __4__ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends __5__ a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possessnone of them.Next to natural resources __ 6__ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well-off __7__the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and __8__ this and other reasons was __9__ to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and __10__ from foreign invasions, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well favoured by nature but less well ordered2.A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed __ 11__ its own borders, but .also upon what is directly produced through international trade. __ 12__., Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on __13__ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would __14__ be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, __15__ that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.练习：1. A. however B. furthermore C. similarly D. therefore2. A. primary B. all C. foremost D. mainly3. A. or B. but C. nor D. besides4. A. these B. that C. what D. which5. A. at B. to C. by D. with6. A. came B. coming C. comes D. come7. A. to B. like C. by D. as8. A. because B. for C. of D. by9. A. uneasy B. incapable C. impossible D. unable10. A. prevention B. freedom C. liberation D. liberty11. A. at B. by C. within D. on12. A. In short B. For example C. As a result D. On the other hand13. A. which B. what C. that D. those14. A. otherwise B. certainly C. however D. therefore15. A. depended B. supposed C. based D. providedMaking Yourself a Good RecordIf you are an American and you think you might need to borrow money someday, the best thing to do is start early.That's because just as many employers want to hire only people with experience, banks, and other creditors are usually reluctant to lend to those __ 1__ a proven track record1 of paying back, __ 2__ time, the money they have borrowed.But if you need experience just to get a start, how do you get that stat in the first place?With a little help from your parents usually, while you are still financially dependent __ 3__ them. It is easy to get a credit card or student loan when you are in college, because banks figure your parents will bail you out if you fail to pay.So just as students take on internships to build up their resumes, one's university time can be a good time to work on another important personal record: the credit __ 4__.Credit reports are a __ 5 __ of one's personal credit history, gathered by a credit reporting agency, or CRA.Banks and companies—__6__ hospitals, landlords and insurance companies-- regularly report to the three main CRAs in the US __7__ how their customers are doing at paying back the money they __ 8__ Anyone with a "legitimate business need" has the right to order individuals' reports from the CRAs. Potential creditors usually compile the information in the reports into a credit "score", ranking the level of creditworthiness. Lack of experience in borrowing in __9__ to a bad record of doing so, can result in a low score2.Even if you are not considering taking out a loan for such a large purchase as a home or car, your credit report can be important to getting through life. Landlords often ask for the reports to judge __ 10 __ a person can be trusted to pay the rent. Credit checks are necessary for getting a credit card, even for purchasing a mobile phone calling plan.People can obtain a copy of their own credit report, usually __ 11 __ a cost of around US$8-9. Some consumer organizations recommend doing this once a year to allow one to catch any mistakes __ 12 __ have slipped into the record or, even worse, to find out whether any fraud has taken place. Though the system is controlled by laws __ 13 __ to, protect people's privacy, it isn't fool-proof: Sometimes people take out bad loans in others names, __ 14 __ their records.In a society addicted __ 15____ credit, that can be a disaster.练习：1. A. with B. without C. on D. by2. A. in B. with C. by D. on3. A. of B. in C. on D. with4. A. report B. conclusion C. review D. introduction5. A. explanation B. investigation C. summary D. examination6. A. including B. included C. include D. includes7. A. by B. with C. in D. on8. A. own B. lend C. owe D. possess9. A. addition B. conclusion C. consequence D. contrast10. A. that B. whether C. what D. either11. A. at B. by C. with D. on12. A. these B. what C. that D. those13. A. meant B. mean C. meaning D. means14. A. building up B. updating C. improving D. ruining15. A. on B. to C. by D. with综合类----B级。