pdf07版18000及考试题 diwujiang
2007年注册环保工程师真题专业试题
噪声部分2007年单项选择28、对于频率f=2000kHz的电磁辐射场，下面哪个值为GB 8702-88《电磁辐射防护规定》中规定的电场强度执业照射限制？A、0.25A/mB、87V/mC、20W/m2D、28V/m答案：解析：29、在工厂厂界的四个测点，测得噪声值分别为65dB(A)、71dB(A)、68dB(A)和63dB(A)，当时在四个测点测得北京噪声值均为60dB(A)，若排除背景噪声的影响，问修正后的噪声值哪组是正确的？A、62 dB(A)、72 dB(A)、61 dB(A)、63 dB(A)B、63 dB(A)、70 dB(A)、67 dB(A)、60 dB(A)C、62 dB(A)、71 dB(A)、61 dB(A)、63 dB(A)D、63 dB(A)、71 dB(A)、67 dB(A)、60 dB(A)答案：解析：30、《中国人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》中所称“噪声敏感建筑物”指的是：A、噪声达不到国家环境噪声质量标准的建筑物B、仅对夜间噪声有一定要求的建筑物C、医院、学校、机关、科研单位、住宅等需要保持安静的建筑物D、无噪声防护设施的建筑物答案：解析：31、下面关于声波频率f的表达式错误的是：A、f=kc/2π(k为波数，c为声速)B、f=1/T(T为周期)C、f=λ/c(λ为波数，c为声速)D、f=ω/2π(ω为圆频率)注：上述各式中物理量的单位均为国际标准单位答案：解析：32、关于吸声材料的吸声系数叙述准确的是哪项？A、被材料反射的声能与入射声能的比值B、被材料吸收（或未被反射）的声能与入射声能的比值C、由材料透射的声能与入射声能的比值D、入射声能与被材料吸收的声能的比值答案：解析：33、一个隔声构件的透射系数为0.05，则此隔声构件的隔声量约为：A、20.0dBB、13.0dBC、26.0dBD、19.8dB答案：解析：34、下图为某消声器的结构图，试分析该消声器是属于哪种类型的消声器？A、抗性消声器B、阻性消声器C、排气防空消声器D、阻抗复合式消声器答案：解析：35、请指出下列哪条违背了隔振设计的基本原则？A、为了减少隔振体系中被隔振对象的振动，需要增加隔振体系的质量和质量惯性矩时，应设置刚性台座B、在隔振设计时，应考虑尽可能增加隔振体系的重心与扰力作用线之间的距离C、对消极隔振应使隔振体系的重心与刚度中心重合D、对频繁启动机器的隔振，为避免机器转速经过隔振器工作频率时（共振区）出现过大的振动位移，隔振器应具有一定的阻尼答案：解析：36、已知某电磁辐射源未加屏蔽时某一测点的场强（E0）为30V/m，加屏蔽后同一测点的场强（E s）为20V/m，则屏蔽效能（SE）为：A、1.5dBB、0.7dBC、3.5dBD、2.0dB答案：解析：37、一个长宽高分别为6m、5m、4m的房间，已知250Hz的混响时间为0.8s，混凝土地面在该频率的吸声系数近似为0。
2007年考研数学一试卷真题及答案解析
2007年硕士研究生入学考试数学一试题及答案解析一、选择题：(本题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分. 每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)(1) 当0x +→等价的无穷小量是(A) 1- (B) ln(C) 1. (D) 1- [ B ]【分析】 利用已知无穷小量的等价代换公式，尽量将四个选项先转化为其等价无穷小量，再进行比较分析找出正确答案.【详解】 当0x +→时，有1(1)~-=--1~；2111~.22x -= 利用排除法知应选(B). (2) 曲线1ln(1)x y e x=++，渐近线的条数为 (A) 0. (B) 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. [ D ]【分析】 先找出无定义点，确定其是否为对应垂直渐近线；再考虑水平或斜渐近线。
【详解】 因为01lim[ln(1)]xx e x→++=∞，所以0x =为垂直渐近线；又 1lim[ln(1)]0xx e x→-∞++=，所以y=0为水平渐近线；进一步，21ln(1)ln(1)lim lim []lim x x x x x y e e x x x x →+∞→+∞→+∞++=+==lim 11xx x e e→+∞=+， 1lim[1]lim[ln(1)]x x x y x e x x→+∞→+∞-⋅=++-=lim[ln(1)]xx e x →+∞+-=lim[ln (1)]lim ln(1)0x x xx x e e x e --→+∞→+∞+-=+=，于是有斜渐近线：y = x . 故应选(D).(3) 如图，连续函数y =f (x )在区间[−3，−2]，[2，3]上的图形分别是直径为1的上、下半圆周，在区间[−2，0]，[0，2]的图形分别是直径为2的上、下半圆周，设0()().xF x f t dt =⎰则下列结论正确的是(A) 3(3)(2)4F F =--. (B) 5(3)(2)4F F =. (C) )2(43)3(F F =-. (D) )2(45)3(--=-F F . [ C ]【分析】 本题考查定积分的几何意义，应注意f (x )在不同区间段上的符号，从而搞清楚相应积分与面积的关系。
pdf07版18000及考试题 diliujiang
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厨 师 手 重 复 性 机 不 使 用 绞 手 臂 肌 肉 持 菜 刀 械 劳 动 劳 损 肉 机 剁 肉 厨 师 人 不 使 用 机 腰 肌 受 力 搬 运 5 大 米 过 重 械 损 0kg 大 米 各 厨 师 油 烟 机 发 防 护 意 识 听 力 受 损 正 常作 出 噪 声 不 强 业 厨 菜 师 炒
北京寰发启迪认证咨询中心
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(6) 作业环境缺陷：照度不够；场地狭窄；作业场地的地面松软， 不具有足够的承载能力；临时跳板或过渡板固定不牢靠以致意外移 动、振动或滑动； (7) 装载不合理。车上物品超高超宽，驾驶员视野受限以致撞伤 人；运输中使货物坠落、倾翻，砸伤车旁人员；货物装载超高，越 过低矮梁或刹车过急时货物掉落砸伤人； (8) 车厢货物之上非法载人，行驶中坠落伤害； (9) 车辆撞击设备、设施、物料、货堆等，造成被 撞物倾倒、坍塌 而伤人； (10) 行人违章受到伤害； (11) 其他安全规章制度不全或执行不严导致的伤害。
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北京寰发启迪认证咨询中心
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预先危险分析 （PHA） 预先危险分析也称初始危险分析，是在每项生产活 动之前，特别是在设计的开始阶段，对系统存在危险类 别、出现条件、事故后果等进行概略地分析，尽可能评 价出潜在的危险性。 ※ 预先危险分析的主要目的
北京寰发启迪认证咨询中心
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厂内运输作业危险性等级评价结果
危险种类 被叉车刮蹭碰撞 被叉车碾压伤害 被运输货车刮蹭 碰撞 被运输货车碾压 伤害 厂区普通车辆 物资坍塌砸伤 L 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 0.5 E 3.2 1.2 5.5 1.1 2.8 1.0 C 16.5 22.0 13.5 21.0 15.0 10.0 D= L×E×C 89.8 57.1 74.3 60 54.6 5.0 危险性等级 显著危险 比较危险 显著危险 比较危险 比较危险 稍有危险
07年专八真题及答案
2007年英语专八试卷真题及答案Part2 Reading Comprehension (30min)Text AThe Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard ofliving.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of compatriots,” is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symb ol since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell phone covers.“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing.”11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations. √D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph meansA. separat ist.√B. Conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTA. people’s desire for devolution.B. locals’ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.√14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.√C. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people’s mentality. √B. pop culture.C. town’s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Text BGetting to the heart of Kuwaiti democracy seems hilariously easy. Armed only with a dog-eared NEWSWEEK ID, I ambled through the gates of the National Assembly last week. Unscanned, unsearched, my satchel could easily have held the odd grenade or an anthrax-stuffed lunchbox. The only person who stopped me was a guard who grinned and invited me to take a swig of orange juice from his plastic bottle.Were I a Kuwaiti woman wielding a ballot, I would have been a clearer and more present danger. That very day Parliament blocked a bill giving women the vote; 29 M.P.s voted in favour and 29 against, with two abstentions. Unable to decide whether the bill had passed or not, the government scheduled another vote in two weeks- too late for women to register for June’s municipal elections. The next s uch elections aren’t until 2009. Inside the elegant, marbled Parliament itself, a sea of mustachioed men in white robes sat in green seats, debating furiously. The ruling emir has pushed for women’s political rights for years. Ironically, the democraticall y elected legislature has thwarted him. Traditionalists and tribal leaders are opposed. Liberals fret, too, that Islamists will let their multiple wives vote, swelling conservative ranks. “When I came to Parliament today, people who voted yes didn’t even shake hands with me,” said one Shia clerc. “Why can’t we respect each other and work together?”Why not indeed? By Gulf standards, Kuwait is a democratic superstar. Its citizens enjoy free speech (as long as they don’t insult their emir, naturally) and boas t a Parliament that can actually pass laws. Unlike their Saudi sisters, Kuwaiti women drive, work and travel freely. They run multibillion-dollar businesses and serve as ambassadors. Their academic success is such that colleges have actually lowered the grades required for make students to get into medical andengineering courses. Even then, 70 percent of university students are females.In Kuwait, the Western obsession with the higab finds its equivalent. At a fancy party for NEWSWEEK’s Arabic edition, som e Kuwaiti women wore them. Others opted for tight, spangled, sheer little numbers in peacock blue or parrot orange. For the party’s entertainment, Nancy Ajram, the Arab world’s answer to Britney Spears, sang passionate songs of love in a white mini-dress. She couldn’t dance for us, alas, since shaking one’s body onstage is illegal in Kuwait. That didn’t stop whole tables of men from raising their camera-enabled mobile phones and clicking her picture. You’d think not being able to vote or dance in public would anger Kuwait’s younger generation of women. To find out, I headed to the malls-Kuwait’s archipelago of civic freedom. Eager to duckStrict parents and the social taboos of dating in public. young Kuwaitis have taken to cafes, beaming flirtatious infrared e-mails to one another on their cell photos. At Starbucks in the glittering Al Sharq Mall, I found only tables of men, puffing cigarettes and grumbling about the service .At Pizza Hut, I thought I’d got an answer after encountering a young woman who loo ked every inch the modern suffragette—drainpipe jeans,strappy sliver high-heeled sandals and a higab studded with purple rhinestones. But, no, Miriam Al-Enizi, 20,studying business administration at Kuwait University, doesn’t think women need the vote.” Me n are better at politics than women,”she explained, adding that women in Kuwait already have everything they need. Welcome to democracy, Kuwait style.16. According to the passage, which of the following groups of people might be viewed as being dangerous by the guards?A. Foreign tourists.B. Women protestors.√C. Foreign journalists.D. Members of the National Assembly.17. The bill giving women the vote did not manage to pass becauseA. Different interest groups held different concerns.√B.Liberals did not reach consensus among themselves.C. Parliament was controlled by traditionalists.D.Parliament members were all conservatives.18. What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves.B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait.C. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.√D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs.19. Which of the following is NOT true about young Kuwaiti women?A. They seem to be quite contented.B. They go in for Western fashions.C. They desire more than modern necessities.√D. They favour the use of hi-tech products.Text CRichard, King of England from 1189 to 1199, with all his characteristic virtues and faults cast in a heroic mould, is one of the most fascinating medieval figures. He has been described as the creatureand embodiment of the age of chivalry, In those days the lion was much admired in heraldry, and more than one king sought to link himself with its repute. When Richard's contemporaries called him" Coeur de Lion"(The Lion heart), they paid a lasting compliment to the king of beasts. Little did the English people owe him for his services, and heavily did they pay for his adventures. He was in England only twice for a few short months in his ten years' reign; yet his memory has always English hearts, and seems to present throughout the centuries the pattern of the fighting man. In all deeds of prowess as well as in large schemes of war Richard shone. He was tall and delicately shaped strong in nerve and sinew, and most dexterous in arms. He reioiced in personal combat, and regarded his opponents without malice as necessary agents in his fame He loved war, not so much for the sake of glory or political ends, but as other men love science or poetry, for the excitement of the struggle and the glow of victory. By this his whole temperament was toned; and united with the highest qualities of the military commander, love of war called forth all the powers of his mind and body.Although a man of blood and violence, Richard was too impetuous to be either treacherous on habitually cruel. He was as ready to forgive as he was hasty to offend; he was open-handed and munificent to profusion; in war circumspect in design and skilful in execution; in political a child, lacking in subtlety and experience. His political alliances were formed upon his likes and dislikes; his political schemes had neither unity nor clearness of purpose. The advantages gained for him by military geoids were flung away through diplomatic ineptitude. When, on the jouthey to the East,Messina in Sicily was won by his arms he was easily persuaded to share with his polished, faithless ally, Philip Augustus, fruits of a victory which more wisely used might have foiled the French King's artful schemes. The rich and tenable acquisition of Cyprus was cast away even more easily than it was won. His life was one magnificent parade, which, when ended, left only an empty plain.In 1199, when the difficulties of raising revenue for the endless war were at their height, good news was brought to King Richard. It was said there had been dug up near the castle of Chaluz, on the lands of one of his French vassals, a treasure of wonderful quality; a group of golden images of an emperor, his wife, sons and daughters, seated round a table, also of gold, had been unearthed. The King claimed this treasure as lord paramount. The lord of Chaluz resisted the demand, and the King laid siege to his small, weak castle. On the third day, as he rode daringly, near the wall. confident in his hard-tried luck, a bolt from a crossbow struck him in the left shoulder by the neck. The wound, already deep, was aggravated by the necessary cutting out of the arrow-head. Gangrene set in, and Coeur de Lion knew that he must pay a soldier’s debt. He prepared for death with fortitude and calm, and in accordance with the principles he had followed. He arranged his affairs, he divided his personal belongings among his friends or bequeathed them to charity. He declared John to be his heir, and made all present swear fealty to him. He ordered the archer who had shot the fatal bolt, and who was now a prisoner, to be brought before him. He pardoned him, and made him a gift of money. For seven years he had not confessed for fear of being compelled to be reconiled to Philip, but now he received the offices of the Church with sincere and exemplary piety, and died in the forty-second year of his age on April 6, 1199, worthy, by the consent of all men, to sit with King Arthur and Roland andother heroes of martial romance at some Eternal round Table, which we trust the Creator of the Universe in His comprehension will not have forgotten to provide.The archer was flayed alive.20 “ little did the English people own him for his service” (paragraph one) means that the EnglishA. paid few taxes to him.B. gave him little respect.C. received little protection from him.D. had no real cause to feel grateful to him.√21. To say that his wife was a “ magnificent parade’( paragraph Tw o) implies that it was to some extent.A . spent chiefly at war. B. impressive and admirable.C. lived too pompouslyD. an empty show.√22. Richard’s behaviour as death approached showed.\A. bravery and self-control.B. Wisdom and correctnessC. Devotion a nd romanceD. Chivalry and charity√23. The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard wasA. cheated by his own successorsB. determined to take revenge on his enemies.C. more generous to his enemies than his seccesors.D unable to influence the be havior of his successors.√24. Which of the following phrase best describes Richard as seen by the author?A. An aggressive king, too fond of war.B. A brave king with minor faults.√C. A competent but cunning soldier.D. A kind with great political skills.25. The relationship between the first and second paragraphs is thatA. each presents one side of the picture. √B. the first generalizes the second gives examples.C. the second is the logical result of the first.D. both present Richard’s virtues and fault s.TEXT DThe miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security-even comfort- for essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days- lack of food warmth, shelter- would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programmes for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility- in some cases the promise- of lifetime employmentplus guaranteed pensions.? The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For mi llennia the average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on my own. Now it became, Ultimately I’ll be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended it’s no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands, many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend a affected pensions. To make costs easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance ofThe 401(k) is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how it gets invested- the two factors that will determine how much it’s worth wh en the employee retires.Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. E nron matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match employee contributions at all.At least two special features complicate the Enron case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold. Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan administrators in October, when the stock wasfalling, so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their 401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.The Enron employees’’ re tirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th- century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like most people in most times and places, they’re o n their own26. why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history…”?A. Because the company has gone bankrupt.B. Because such events would never happen again.C. Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.D. Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.√27. According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change inA. people’s outlook on life.√B. people’s life styles.C. people’s living standardD. people’s social values.28. Changes in pension schemes were also part ofA. the corporate lay-offs.B. the government cuts in welfare spending.√C. the economic restructuring.D. the warning power of labors unions.29. Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly becauseA. The 401(k) made them responsible for their own future.B. Enron offered to add company stock to their investment.√C. their employers intended to cut back on pension spending.D. Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan.30. Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?A. 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.B. Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.C. Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.D. Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.√PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）31. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPTA. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the Jutes √D. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented byA. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general √33. The Declaration of Independence was written byA. Thomas Jefferson √B. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia wereA. the Red IndiansB. the EskimoC. the Ab origines √D. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?A. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights √36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ______ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. Irish √D. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written byA. Arthur Miller √B. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. Morphology √C. Semant icsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPTA. LexicalB. SyntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic √40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example ofA.widening of meaning √B. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning英译中Good bye and good luck Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, fatster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹.与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命，也危害到该星球的寿命。
2007年国家司法考试(卷四)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年国家司法考试（卷四）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 分析题 2. 论述题分析题案情：甲市人民政府在召集有关职能部门、城市公共交通运营公司(以下简称城市公交公司)召开协调会后，下发了甲市人民政府《会议纪要》，明确：城市公交公司的运营范围，界定在经批准的城市规划区内；城市公交公司在城市规划区内开通的线路要保证正常运营，免缴交通规费；在规划区范围内，原由交通部门负责的对城市公交公司违法运营的查处，交由建设部门负责。
《会议纪要》下发后，甲市城区交通局按照《会议纪要》的要求，中止了对城市公交公司违法运营的查处。
田某、孙某和王某是经交通部门批准的三家运输经营户，他们运营的线路与《会议纪要》规定免缴交通规费的城市公交公司的两条运营线路重叠，但依《会议纪要》，不能享受免缴交通规费的优惠。
三人不服，向法院提起诉讼，要求撤销《会议纪要》中关于城市公交公司免缴交通规费的规定，并请求确认市政府《会议纪要》关于中止城区交通局对城市公交公司违法运营查处的内容违法。
问题：1．甲市人民政府《会议纪要》所作出的城市公交公司免缴交通规费的内容是否属于行政诉讼受案范围?为什么?正确答案：属于受案范围。
本案中《会议纪要》作出的规定不属于行政指导行为，也不属于抽象行政行为。
2．田某、孙某和王某三人是否具有原告资格?为什么?正确答案：具有原告资格。
甲市人民政府的决定直接影响到了三人的公平竞争权。
具体行政行为涉及公民、法人或者其他组织公平竞争权的，可以提起行政诉讼。
3．田某、孙某和王某三人提出的确认甲市人民政府中止城区交通局对城市公交公司违法运营查处的内容违法的请求，是否属于法院的审理范围?为什么?正确答案：不属于。
该请求涉及甲市人民政府对建设局和交通局的职能调整，属于政府对行政机关之间的职权分配，不属于司法审查的范围。
案情：甲公司签发金额为1000万元、到期日为2006年5月30日、付款人为大满公司的汇票一张，向乙公司购买A楼房。
2007年考研试题及答案A
一、填空题（30分）：1. （6分）由晶闸管构成的三相半波可控整流电路，当输入交流电压为t u ωsin 3112=，纯阻性负载且其值为10R =Ω，当控制角45α=时，输出平均电压为 ，输出的功率因数是 。
2．（6分）由晶闸管构成的单相桥式全控整流电路，当输入交流电压为t u ωsin 1412=，负载为反电动势且直流侧串联平波电抗器，已知60V, L=2E R =∞=Ω，，当控制角30α=时，输出平均电压为 ，输出平均电流为 。
3．（3分）缓冲电路( Snubber Circuit ) 的作用是 。
4．（3分）在交流供电系统中，当基波电流为140A I =，各次谐波电流分别为35792A, 1A, 0.5A, 0.2A I I I I ====, 则电流谐波总畸变THD 为 。
5．（3分）在逆变电路中，对于同一桥臂的开关管要采取“先断后通”的方法，也就是死区时间的设定，其目的是 。
6．（6分）单相桥式电压型逆变电路，180导通角，d 560V U =，则输出电压的基波有效值是 ，当只考虑10次以内的谐波电压时，输出电压的有效值是 。
7．（3分）在SPWM （Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation ）控制的三相逆变电路中，设定的开关管的开关频率是20KHz ，逆变电路输出交流电压的频率为400Hz ，那么SPWM 控制电路中载波频率和调制波频率应分别设置为 和 。
二、简答题（60分）：1． （7分）IGBT 在过流及短路过程中，系统如何检测并实施保护的？2． （7分）为什么晶闸管的触发信号通常不使用直流信号？ 3． （7分）试说明有关晶闸管和电力晶体管的关断过程？4． （7分）请叙述电力二极管的反向恢复过程，在高频开关电路中，应选择什么型号的二极管？5． （8分）利用晶闸管SCR 构成的简易照明延时开关电路如图1所示，HL 是灯泡，SB 是开关，试分析此电路的工作原理。
pdf07版18000及考试题 diyijiang
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第一讲
背景
在线内审员培训
学习提要
在学习之前，您要首先明确：本期学习共八讲内 容，每讲内容各有其特点，但又相互联系，相互贯 穿。所以，您要在短时间内，尽可能多地掌握知识， 就一定要抓住每讲内容的特点，采用不同的方法，花 费不同的时间去学习，这样可以获得事半功倍的效 果。 下面将每讲的内容要点、学习要求简单向大家做 些提示，便于大家在今后的学习中更加有的放矢。
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第一讲
背景
在线内审员培训
2. OSHMS对企业发展具有长远与积极效应（1）
—— 减少风险、控制损失、提高竞争力
（1）预防为主、标本兼治 现代安全生产管理方法——预防为主、持续改进——保护 员工健康——建立健全安全生产自我约束机制 （2）社会关注力和责任感——现代企业标志——安全生产监督 管理的重要方法——提高企业的品质 对于企业安全管理而言，我们一直强调预防为主，降低事 故发生率，减少人员伤亡。我们要通过实行现代安全生产的管 理方法来达到这一目的，最终形成企业安全生产的自我约束机 制。 提升企业的社会关注力和责任感是一项重要内容，也是提 高一个企业品质的重要标志。
辨识基本方法，危害六大分类， 掌握辨识和 LEC 评价法 LEC 评价法等 思考本企业危害因素 体系文件层次及其编制要求、 了解文件编写的重点内容和 注意事项等。 格式等 掌握体系运行关键内容、内 体系运行的重点、内审和管理 审检查表和不符合报告，明 评审的程序以及审核技巧 确内审和管理评审要求
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2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江西卷) 逐题详解语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷两部分。
第Ⅰ卷l至4页，第Ⅱ卷5至8页，共150分。
考生注意：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。
考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名、考试科目”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。
2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
第Ⅱ卷用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写作答。
在试题卷上作答，答案无效。
3．考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共36分）本卷共12小题，每小题3分，共36分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。
一、（15分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加粗的字，读音全都正确的一组是A．酝酿．(niàng) 校．(xiào)对腼腆．(tiǎn) 一曝．(pǜ)十寒B．匹．(pǐ)配穿凿．(záo) 内讧．(hòng) 不肖．(xiào)子孙C．莞．(guǎn)尔搭讪．(shàn) 隽．(juàn)永言简意赅．(gāi)D．刹．(shà)那机械．(xiâ) 恪．(kâ)守草菅．(jiān)人命答案：B。
A校（jiào）对：核对是否符合标准C莞(wǎn)尔：形容微笑D 刹(chà)那：极短的时间；瞬间2．下列词语中，有两个错别字的一组是A．籍贯筹划家具百废待新B．翔实瞭望暴燥斐然成章C．肖像赢弱修葺一愁莫展D．迁徙戳穿针砭如愿以尝答案C。
A．籍贯：祖居或个人出生的地方。
筹划：想办法；定计划；筹措家具：家庭用具，主要指床、柜、桌、椅等。
百废待新（兴）：废：被废置的事情；待：等待；兴：兴办。
许多被搁置的事情等着要兴办。
成语出处：王颖《海外赤子》：“百废待兴，一下子怎么能抓得过来。
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（三）危险源辨识、风险评价与控制策划基本步骤
划分作业活动 危险源辨识 风险评价 决定风险是否可容许 策划风险控制计划
评审风险控制计划的充分性
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三、危险源辨识
（一）划分作业活动 （二）危险源辨识
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（一）划分作业活动
1、作业活动分类 在开展危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制之前，首先 要准备一份作业活动表，用合理且易于控制的方式对其进 行分类并收集必要的信息。例如，其中必须包括不常见的 维修任务，以及日常的生产活动。 （1）生产经营单位的地理位置 （2）生产过程或所提供服务的各个阶段 （3）有计划的工作和临时性的工作 （4）确定的任务 要求：每种作业活动既不能太复杂，如多达几十个步骤， 也不能太简单，仅一两个步骤或内容。
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（二） 危险源辨识
1. 危险源辨识的目的和任务
（1）目的 危险源辨识就是找出可能引发事故导致不良后果 的材料、系统、生产过程、设施或工厂的特征。 （2）任务 第一是辨识可能发生的事故后果； 第二是识别可能引发事故的材料、系统、生产过 程、设施或工厂的特征。
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6事故：造成死亡、疾病、伤害、损坏或其他损失的意外 情况。对于人员来说，可能是死亡、疾病或伤害，包 括我们通常所说的伤亡事故和职业病；对于物质财产 来说，是损毁、破坏或其他形式的价值损失。 7可容许风险：根据组织的法律义务和职业健康安全方 针，已降至组织可接受程度的风险。
启迪老师
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说 明
危害辨识和风险评价是职业健康安全管理体系 建立的关键所在，是建立职业健康安全管理体系的 建立的关键所在， 基础工作，是评估用人单位职业健康安全管理现状 的一种手段。 这部分内容将分上下两讲给大家介绍。本讲我 们主要讲解危害辨识的内容；第六讲讲解风险评价 及风险控制的内容。 辨识是评价的基础，风险控制是最终目的。大 家在学习时要把两讲的内容结合起来学习。
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2、博德事故因果连锁理论
博德在海因里希事故因果连锁理论的基础上，提 出了与现代安全观点更加吻合的事故因果连锁理论。 同样为5个因素，但含义与海因里希的有所不同： （1）管理缺陷 （2）个人及工作条件的原因 （3）直接原因 （4）事故 （5）损失
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（2）应用能量意外转移理论的安全措施
1）用较安全的能源替代危险大的能源 2）限制能量 3）防止能量蓄积 4）降低能量释放速度 5）开辟能量异常释放的渠道 6）设置屏障 7）人与能量时空隔离 8）设置警告信息 以上措施应综合使用，尽早使用。
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4、现代系统安全理论
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（10）可能要搬运的原材料的尺寸、形状、表面特征和重量 （11）原材料需用手移动的距离和高度 （12）所用的服务（如压缩空气） （13）工作期间所用到或所遇到的物质（如烟气、气体、蒸 汽、液体、粉尘、粉末等）及有关危害数据表的内容和建议 （14）与所进行的工作、所使用的装置和机械、所用到的或 所遇到的物质有关的法规和标准的要求 （15）适当的控制措施 （16）被动监测资料 （17）于此作业活动有关的任何现有评价的发现
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• 机动车辆危害，包括现场运输和道路行驶； • 火灾与爆炸危害； • 对员工的暴力行为； • 可能吸入、吸收或摄取的物质； • 可能损害视力的物质或试剂； • 通过皮肤接触和吸收而造成伤害的物质； • 由于摄入引起伤害的物质(如通过口腔进入人 体)；
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该理论积极的意义：如果移去因果连锁中的 任一块骨牌，则连锁被破坏，事故过程被中 止。 海因里希认为，企业安全工作的中心 就是要移去中间的骨牌——防止人的 不安全行为或消除物 的不安全状态，从而 中断事故连锁的进程， 避免伤害的发生。
D
P
H
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事故连锁被打断
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海因里希的理论有明显的不足，如它对事故致因 连锁关系的描述过于绝对化、简单化。事实上，各个 骨牌（因素）之间的连锁关系是复杂的、随机的。前 面的牌倒下，后面的牌可能倒下，也可能不倒下。事 故并不全都造成伤害，不安全行为或不安全状态也不 是必然造成事故，等等。 尽管如此，海因里希的事故因果连锁理论促进了事 故致因理论的发展，成为事故研究科学化的先导，具 有重要的历史地位。
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（一）海因里希因果连锁理论
上述事故因果连锁关系，可以用5块多米诺 骨牌来形象地加以描述，如下图所示。 如果第一块骨牌倒下（即第一个原因出 现），则发生连锁反应，后面的骨牌相继被碰倒 （相继发生）。
M
P
H
D
A
多米诺骨牌事故连锁理论
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（一）海因里希因果连锁理论
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2、划分作业活动应考虑的方面： （1）正在执行的任务：期限和频次； （2）作业场所； （3）通常执行此任务的人员； （4）受到此项工作影响的其他人员（如访问者、承包人 员、公众）； （5）已接受此任务的人员的培训； （6）为此任务准备好的书面工作制度和持证上岗程序； （7）可能使用的装置或机械； （8）可能使用的手动、电动工具； （9）制造商或供应商关于装置、机械和电动、手动工具的 操作和保养说明；
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例：制造业企业危险源辨识场所 试验活动 配电站
仓储 物流 维修 活动 工具 设备 动力 系统
电梯
宿舍
车辆 生产现场 食堂
空压机
办公室
车辆
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3. 危险源辨识的方法 （1）有助于危险源辨识的三个问题： • 存在什么危险源（伤害源）? • 谁(什么)会受到伤害? • 伤害怎样发生? （2）危险源辨识应考虑的常规、非常规活动和紧急情况 • 常规活动（如工作环境中存在的噪声、粉尘等） • 非常规活动（如设备检修、机械碰撞引发的危害等） • 紧急情况（如火灾、爆炸等引起的危害等）
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（一）与危险源辨识、风险评价与控制相关的术语和定义 GB/T28001-2001 《职业健康安全管理体系 规范》中的定义 1危险源：可能导致伤害或疾病、财产损失、工作环境破坏或这 些情况组合的根源或状态。 2危险源辨识：识别危险的存在并确定其特性的过程。 3风险：某一特定危险情况发生的可能性和后果的组合。 4风险评价：评估风险大小以及确定风险是否可容许的全过程。 5安全：免除了不可接受的损害风险的状态。
职业健康安全管理体系
在线内审员培训
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大家好！
还记得体系建立的步骤吗？第五、第六讲是体系建立过程 中初始评审阶段的内容。在这里我们给大家介绍有关危害辨 识、风险评价的简单方法。这里不要求您全部掌握所有内容， 您只需掌握“培训内容要点提示”中的要求即可。 本部分略有难度，大家可在课后看一些参考资料，帮助学 习。 祝大家学习顺利！
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• • • • • • • • •
有害能量(如：电、辐射、噪声、振动)； 由经常性的重复动作造成的与工作相关的上肢损害； 不适当的热环境，如过热； 作业环境照明度； 光滑的、不平整的地面及表面； 不适当或无防护的护栏以及扶手、楼梯及台阶； 进入受限空间； 人为因素危害（如员工失误等）等； 承包人的活动。
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（二）几种有代表性的事故致因理论 （一）海因里希因果连锁理论 1、海因里希因果连锁理论 海因里希最早提出事故因果连锁理论的。该 理论的核心思想是：伤亡事故的发生不是一个孤 立的事件，而是一系列原因事件相继发生的结 果，即伤害与各原因相互之间具有连锁关系。 事故因果连锁过程包括如下5种因素： （1）遗传及社会环境（M） （2）人的缺点（P） （3）人的不安全行为或物的不安全状态 （H） （4）事故（D） （5）伤害（A）
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能量转移理论的意义有两点： 一是应以对能量源及能量传送装置加以控制作为 防止或减少伤害发生的最佳手段； 二是依照该理论建立的对伤亡事故的统计分类， 是一种可以全面概括、阐明伤亡事故类型和性质的统 计分类方法。
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能量转移理论的不足之处是： 由于意外转移的机械能（动能和势能）是造成工业伤 害的主要能量形式，这就使得按能量转移观点对伤亡事 故进行统计分类的方法尽管具有理论上的优越性，然而 在实际应用上却存在困难。它的实际应用尚有待于对机 械能的分类做更加深入细致的研究，以便对造成的伤害 进行分类。
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2. 危险源辨识的主要内容
（1）厂址及环境条件：地质、地形、自然灾害、周围环境、气象条 件、 资源交通、抢险救灾支持条件等方面； （2）厂区平面布局：总图、运输线路和码头； （3）建（构）筑物：防火、防爆、结构、朝向、采光、运输、通道 （操作、安全、运输、检修）、生产卫生设施等； （4）生产工艺过程：物料、温度、压力、速度、作业及控制条件、 事故及失控状态； （5）生产设备、装置：化工设备、装置，机械设备、 电气设备、危 险性较大设备、高处作业设备、特殊单体设备、装置（锅炉房、乙炔 站、石油库、危险品库等）； （6）粉尘、毒物、噪声、振动、辐射、高温、低温等有害作业部 位； （7）管理设施、事故应急抢救设施和辅助生产、生活卫生设施； （8）劳动组织、生理、心理因素、人机工程学因素等。