诺贝尔文学奖

Each year the Swedish Academy sends out requests for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates（资金获得者）, and the presidents of writers' organizations are all allowed to nominate a candidate. However, it is not permitted to nominate oneself . Thousands of requests are sent out each year, and as of 2011 about 220 proposals are returned. These proposals must be received by the Academy by 1 February, after which they are examined by the Nobel Committee. By April, the Academy narrows the field to around twenty candidates. By May a short list of five names is approved by the Committee. The subsequent four months are then spent in reading and reviewing the works of the five candidates. In October members of the Academy vote and the candidate who receives more than half of the votes is named the Nobel Laureate in Literature. No one can get the prize without being on the list at least twice, thus many of the same authors reappear and are reviewed repeatedly over the years. The academy is master of thirteen languages, but when a candidate is shortlisted from an unknown language, they call on translators and oath-sworn (起誓）experts to provide samples of that writer. Other elements of the process is similar to that of other Nobel Prizes.
Prize
A sum of money. Nobel Prize ocedure Nomination Procedure
Prizes
A Literature Nobel Prize laureate earns a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and a sum of money. The amount of money awarded depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation that year. If a prize is awarded to more than one laureate, the money is either split evenly among them or, for three laureates, it may be divided into a half and two quarters. If a prize is awarded jointly to two or more laureates the money is split among the Nobel Prize Medals. The Nobel Prize medals, minted（铸造） by Montverket in Sweden and the Mint of Norway since 1902, are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation. Each medal features an image of Alfred Nobel in left profile on the obverse (front side of th medal). The Nobel Prize medals for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death (1833–1896). Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Nobel Peace Prize medal and the Medal for the Prize in Economics, but with a slightly different design. The image on the reverse of a medal varies according to the institution awarding th prize. The reverse sides of the Nobel Prize medals for Chemistry and Physics share the same design. Nobel prize medals. Nobel laureates receive a Diploma directly from the hands of th King of Sweden. Each Diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate that receives it.The Diploma contains a picture and text which states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received t prize.
Nobel Prize in literature
Background
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction” . Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy(值得注意的，显著的，重要的）, here "work" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prize established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.