中学英语语法精典总结11

中学英语语法精典总结11
101. room /space /place:
1 room“房间”（可数）a room/ two rooms
“空间”（不可数）：指可以容纳东西或为其它目的而使用的空间。

Could you make room for me? 你能为我让一下空间吗？
Is there room for me in the car? 车里有我的位子吗？
2 space“空间”普通用语，表示万物存在之处，与“时间”（time）为相对概念。

in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空间（太空） time and space时间和空间
Is there any space for me in the car? (此处和room的含义相当)
3 place“地方”（可数），指某一具体地点。

I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.
Mount Chaya is a wonderful place. 嵖岈山是一个奇妙之地。

102.常见国籍、人与语言的对应：
1 China“中国”Chinese（无复数形式）“中国人（的）/中文（的）/中国的”
a Chinese/ two Chinese“一个/两个中国人”Japan, Japanese 和此类似。

2 England“英国（原义：英格兰）” (= Britain)
English（无复数形式）“英国人（的）/英语（的）/英国的”
He is English.(前无冠词)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠词)“他是英国人”
注意复数：They are English. = They are Englishmen. (变为men)
3 France“法国” French(无复数形式)“法国人(的) / 法语(的) / 法国的”
The lady is French. (前无冠词)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠词)
注意复数：The ladies are French. = The ladies are Frenchwomen.
4 Germany“德国”German“德国人(的) / 德语(的) / 德国的”
The boy is a German. (前有冠词) The boys are Germans.(复数加s.）
5 America“美国” American“美国人（的）/ 美国的”
He is American.(前常无冠词）They are Americans.(复数加s)
103. 易写错词形:◆noise(名词)“噪音”; noisy(形容词); noisily(副词) ◆health(名词)“健康”; healthy(形容词); healthily(副词)
◆luck(名词)“运气”; lucky(形容词)“幸运的”; luckily(副词)
◆succeed(动词)“成功”; success(名词); successful(形容词) successfully(副词) ◆save(动词)“救，节省，存”; safe(形容词)“安全的”; safety(名词)“安全，安全场所”safely（副词）◆true（形容词）“真的，对的”; truly(副词)“真正地”; truth(名词)“真理,事实”◆terrible(形容词)“难受的，可怕的”; terribly(副词)
104.job与work:
1 job, 可数：I have a job as a teacher.
Jobs are not easy to get. He wants a job.
2 work, 不可数
I cannot find work in this town. Have you finished your work?
105. with和in表示“用”：
1 with用工具：write with a pen /a pencil/a piece of chalk
2 in用写字材料：write in ink / pen (前无冠词)
106. 时刻之表达：
1 分钟未过半点，如7:20→seven twenty→twenty
past seven: 2:02→two oh two→two past two
2 分钟已过半点，如5:45→five forty-five→a quarter to six→fifteen to six 1:58→one fifty-eight→two to two
3 刚好半点，如9:30→nine thirty→half past nine
4 刚好整点，如11:00→eleven o’clock
107.be + 形 + of sb 与 for sb的区别：
1 It’s kind of you to help me.
解释：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。

此句相当于在说You are kind to help me. 此情况下介词用的是of.
2 It’s easy for you to do the work.
解释：easy，difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等词如果在句中不反映人的特点或性格，如此句中并不是在说You are easy. 而是“做这项工作”这件事是容易的。

此情况下介词用的是for. 又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain. “爬山”是危险的，不是说“我们”是“危险”的。

for sb 是“就某人来说”之意。

108.take, bring, fetch与carry: 都译为“拿”。

◆take“拿走”，从说话人处带到另一处
◆bring“带来”，从另一处带到说话人处。

◆fetch“去拿来”，先到另一地拿东西，然后再返回到说话人处。

◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，没有特定方向性。

109. 条件与祈使: 有时条件句可以与祈使句有相同的意思。

注意以下句子结构有何不同。

If you work hard, you will achieve your dream. 相当于: Work hard, and you will achieve…
If you don’t listen to me carefully, you won’t understand it. 相当于：Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.
110. in / on / at + 时间：
1 in three days (“…时间后”，常用于一般将来时) in September in 1998; in the 1860s(在十九世纪六十年代)
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ night
2 on Christmas Eve; on October 1st; on Sunday evenings; on a cold morning; on Fridays; on New Year’s Day;
on the morning / afternoon / evening / night of September 10th. (morning / afternoon / evening / night若是early / late 修饰时，仍用介词in)
3 at 6:00; at Christmas; at noon; at night
112.one day与someday/some day的区别：
1 one day“某一天，有一天”既可用于一般过去时，也可用于一般将来时。

One day, a stranger came to my house. I will achieve my dream one day.
2 someday/some day“某一天”常用于一般将来时。

可以和one day互换。

I’m sure I can go to the Great Wall someday.
113.missing与lost: 都可译为“丢失的，失踪的”
但用的分别是动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。

My pen is lost / missing. (表语)
I’ve found the missing / lost book. （定语）
114.常见部分名词及其修饰词：1price(价格)常用high 与low修饰。

sell sth at a high / low price 以高 / 低价出售 The price of the shoes
is high / low. 2number(数量)常用big / large和small修饰 3quality(质量，品质)常用low / poor和high / good修饰。

4population(人口)常用big / large和small修饰(以上词都不用many, much修饰。

)。