Using Scenarios to Envisage the Impact of CBR on Decision-Making Processes
大学英语作文用美学标准对景色评估
美景之鉴：以美学标准评估自然景色In the realm of aesthetics, the assessment of natural scenery often involves a complex interplay of factors that evoke our senses and emotions. This essay delves into the criteria by which we evaluate the beauty of landscapes, focusing on elements such as symmetry, balance, contrast, repetition, and unity in diversity.Symmetry, a fundamental principle in aesthetics, refers to the balancing of elements on both sides of a central axis. In landscapes, this can be seen in the reflection of a calm lake, where the reflection of trees and sky creates a mirror image that pleases the eye. Symmetry instills a sense of tranquility and order, contributing to the overall beauty of a scene.Balance, on the other hand, goes beyond mere symmetry to encompass the harmonious distribution of elements within a composition. In natural landscapes, balance is achieved through the careful placement of elements such as trees, mountains, and water bodies. For instance, a landscape with a prominent mountain in the center and gentler hillsflanking it on both sides creates a sense of balance that is visually appealing.Contrast, another key element in aesthetics, refers to the juxtaposition of opposing elements that highlight each other's unique qualities. In landscapes, contrast can be seen in the juxtaposition of light and dark, colors, textures, and shapes. The contrasting hues of a sunset, for instance, with its blend of oranges, reds, and purples, create a vibrant and arresting visual experience.Repetition, often referred to as rhythm or pattern, adds structure and coherence to a composition. In landscapes, repetition manifests in the regular spacing of trees, the undulating contours of hills, or the repeating patterns of waves on a beach. This repetition creates a sense of unity and flow, enhancing the overall visual impact of the scene.Unity in diversity is a principle that emphasizes the harmonious integration of diverse elements into a cohesive whole. In landscapes, this principle is reflected in the seamless blend of natural features such as forests, lakes, and mountains. The variety of elements works together tocreate a harmonious and beautiful composition that captivates the viewer's attention.In conclusion, the assessment of natural scenery through aesthetic criteria such as symmetry, balance, contrast, repetition, and unity in diversity provides a framework for appreciating the beauty of nature. By recognizing and analyzing these elements in landscapes, we can deepen our understanding of natural beauty and foster a deeper appreciation for the wonders of the natural world. **美景之鉴：以美学标准评估自然景色**在美学的领域里，自然景色的评估往往涉及到一系列复杂的因素，这些因素激发我们的感官和情感。
美丽的风景英语作文
When it comes to writing an essay about beautiful scenery,one must consider the various elements that contribute to the allure of a landscape.Here are some key points to include in your composition:1.Setting the Scene:Begin by describing the location of the scenery.Is it a mountain range,a serene lake,a bustling cityscape,or a tranquil countryside?Provide a general overview to set the stage for your readers.2.Time of Day:The time of day can greatly affect the appearance of a landscape. Morning light can cast a soft glow,while sunsets can paint the sky in vibrant hues.Night can transform a scene with the glow of city lights or the sparkle of stars.3.Seasonal Changes:Seasons bring about different colors and moods to a landscape. Blossoming flowers in spring,lush greens in summer,golden hues in autumn,and snowcovered vistas in winter each offer unique beauty.4.Natural Elements:Describe the natural elements present in the scenery.This could include the color and texture of the sky,the movement of water in rivers or oceans,the shapes and sizes of trees,and the variety of flora and fauna.5.Human Influence:If applicable,mention how human activities or structures enhance or contrast with the natural beauty.This could be the architecture of a city,the cultivation of fields,or the preservation of a national park.6.Emotion and Sensation:Convey the emotions that the scenery e descriptive language to help readers feel the tranquility,awe,or serenity that the landscape imparts.7.Personal Reflection:Share your personal experience or connection with the scenery. This could be a memory associated with the place,a lesson learned,or a philosophical reflection inspired by the view.8.Conclusion:End your essay by summarizing the key points and expressing the lasting impact the scenery has had on you or its significance in a broader context.Remember to use vivid and sensory language to paint a picture with your words.Engage all five senses where possible to create a more immersive experience for your readers. Heres a brief example to illustrate:As the sun dipped below the horizon,the sky transformed into a canvas of fiery oranges and deep purples,reflecting off the calm waters of the lake.The distant calls of birdssettling for the night mingled with the gentle rustle of leaves,creating a symphony of natures peace.The air was crisp and cool,carrying the faint scent of blooming jasmine, adding another layer to the sensory feast.This place,untouched by the chaos of urban life, was a sanctuary of tranquility,a reminder of the worlds inherent beauty and the importance of preserving such spaces for future generations to appreciate and cherish. This example provides a starting point,but feel free to expand on each element to create a rich and detailed essay about a beautiful landscape.。
The Impact of Tourism on Destination Cultures
The Impact of Tourism on DestinationCulturesTourism has become a significant global industry, with millions of people traveling to various destinations around the world each year. While tourism can bring economic benefits to a destination, it also has a profound impact on the local culture and way of life. The interaction between tourists and locals can lead to both positive and negative outcomes, shaping the cultural landscape of a place in complex ways. One of the most significant impacts of tourism on destination cultures is the commodification of local traditions and practices. As tourists seek authentic cultural experiences, there is a tendency for local communities to cater to these demands by presenting a sanitized and commercialized version of their culture. This can lead to the distortion and oversimplification of traditional customs, as well as the loss of authenticity in cultural performances and practices. In some cases, locals may feel pressured to conform to tourists' expectations, resulting in the erosion of their own cultural identity. Furthermore, the influx of tourists can also lead to the homogenization of local cultures, as the demand for familiar amenities and services drives the standardization of experiences across different destinations. This can result in the loss of unique cultural elements that once defined a place, as local businesses and establishments adapt to cater to the preferences of a global audience. As a result, destination cultures may become indistinguishable from one another, eroding the diversity and richness of the global cultural landscape. On the other hand, tourism can also provide opportunities for cultural exchange and dialogue between tourists and locals, fostering mutual understanding and appreciation of different traditions and practices. By interacting with visitors from diverse backgrounds, locals may gain new perspectives on their own culture and heritage, leading to a renewed sense of pride and identity. Similarly,tourists can benefit from engaging with local communities, gaining insight into unfamiliar customs and traditions that broaden their cultural horizons. However, it is essential to acknowledge the power dynamics at play in the tourism industry, as the influx of tourists can sometimes lead to the exploitation of localcommunities and resources. In some cases, tourism development may prioritize the interests of external stakeholders, such as multinational corporations and tour operators, over the needs and well-being of local residents. This can result in the displacement of indigenous communities, the degradation of natural environments, and the commodification of cultural heritage for profit. In conclusion, the impact of tourism on destination cultures is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration and thoughtful planning. While tourism can bring economic benefits and opportunities for cultural exchange, it also has the potential to erode local traditions, homogenize cultural experiences, and exploit vulnerable communities. It is essential for policymakers, businesses, and travelers alike to prioritize sustainable and responsible tourism practices that respect and preserve the cultural integrity of destination communities. By fostering mutual respect, understanding, and collaboration between tourists and locals, we can ensure that tourism contributes positively to the preservation and celebration of diverse cultural heritage around the world.。
国画英语作文
Chinese painting,often referred to as Guo Hua in Chinese,is a traditional form of East Asian art that has a rich history and unique aesthetic principles.It is characterized by its emphasis on the expression of the artists inner feelings and the pursuit of a harmonious relationship between man and nature.Historical BackgroundChinese painting has a long history that dates back to the Neolithic period.Over the centuries,it has evolved through various dynasties,each leaving its mark on the art form. The earliest known examples of Chinese painting are found on pottery and silk from the Han dynasty206BC220AD.With the development of papermaking,painting on paper became more prevalent,especially during the Tang618907AD and Song9601279AD dynasties.Techniques and StylesChinese painting employs a variety of techniques and styles,including:1.Gongbi Fine Brushwork:This is a meticulous and detailed style that involves the use of fine lines to depict subjects with precision.It is often used to create realistic images of flowers,birds,and figures.2.Xieyi Freehand Style:In contrast to Gongbi,Xieyi focuses on capturing the essence ofa subject rather than its exact appearance.This style uses broad,expressive strokes and is often associated with landscapes and abstract concepts.3.Shuimo Ink and Wash:This technique involves the use of ink to create various shades and textures.It is a fundamental aspect of Chinese painting,where the artist manipulates the ink with water to achieve different effects.4.Caixia Colored Painting:While Chinese painting is often associated with ink,the use of color is also prevalent.Caixia involves the application of vibrant colors to enhance the visual impact of the artwork.Subjects and ThemesChinese paintings often depict a wide range of subjects,including:ndscapes:Landscapes are a common theme in Chinese painting,reflecting the deep connection between the Chinese people and their natural environment.Artists often uselandscapes to express their emotions and philosophical ideas.2.Flora and Fauna:Flowers,birds,insects,and animals are frequently depicted in Chinese paintings.Each species often carries symbolic meanings,such as the crane representing longevity or the peony symbolizing wealth and honor.3.Human Figures:Portraits and scenes of daily life are also popular subjects.These paintings can provide insights into the social customs and lifestyles of different periods in Chinese history.4.Literary and Mythological Themes:Chinese paintings often draw inspiration from classical literature,poetry,and mythology,offering visual interpretations of wellknown stories and characters.Philosophical UnderpinningsChinese painting is deeply influenced by philosophical concepts from Confucianism, Taoism,and Buddhism.The art form seeks to express the harmony between the individual and the universe,the balance of yin and yang,and the pursuit of inner peace and tranquility.Appreciation and PreservationAppreciating Chinese painting involves more than just visual enjoyment it is about understanding the cultural,historical,and philosophical contexts that inform the artwork. The preservation of these paintings is crucial,as they are not only valuable cultural heritage but also serve as a source of inspiration for contemporary artists.In conclusion,Chinese painting is a profound and intricate art form that offers a window into the soul of Chinese culture.It is a timeless practice that continues to captivate and inspire both within China and around the world.。
用风景调整状态作文
用风景调整状态作文英文回答：Scenic landscapes have a profound impact on our emotional state. They have the power to uplift our spirits and provide a sense of tranquility and peace. When we are surrounded by beautiful natural scenery, such as lush green forests, majestic mountains, or serene lakes, our minds are able to escape from the stresses and worries of everyday life.The sight of a breathtaking sunset, with its vibrant hues of orange, pink, and purple, can fill us with a sense of awe and wonder. It reminds us of the beauty and vastness of the world we live in, and can help us put our own problems into perspective. The calming sound of waves crashing on the shore, or the gentle rustling of leaves in a forest, can have a soothing effect on our minds and bodies. It allows us to let go of tension and find inner peace.Nature has a way of rejuvenating our spirits and restoring our energy. Taking a walk in a scenic park or garden can help clear our minds and improve our mood. The fresh air and natural beauty can invigorate us, making us feel more alive and connected to the world around us. Whether it's the sight of blooming flowers in spring, orthe vibrant colors of autumn leaves, nature has a way of captivating our senses and reminding us of the beauty that exists in the world.中文回答：风景如画的景观对我们的情绪状态有着深远的影响。
The Impact of Tourism on the Environment
The Impact of Tourism on the Environment Tourism is undoubtedly a significant contributor to the global economy, providing numerous benefits to both the destination countries and the travelers. However, the impact of tourism on the environment has become a growing concern in recent years. As the number of tourists continues to rise, so does the pressure on natural resources and ecosystems. This has led to a heated debate about the sustainability of the tourism industry and its long-term effects on the environment. One of the most pressing issues related to tourism and the environment is the strain it puts on natural resources. The influx of tourists often leads to increased water consumption, energy usage, and waste generation, putting a tremendous burden on the local infrastructure and ecosystems. In many popular tourist destinations, the demand for water exceeds the available supply, leading to water scarcity and environmental degradation. Additionally, the energy consumption associated with accommodating and entertaining tourists contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, further exacerbating climate change. Furthermore, the development of tourism infrastructure, such as hotels, resorts, and transportation facilities, often leads to habitat destruction and fragmentation. This can have devastating effects on local wildlife and biodiversity, as their natural habitats are encroached upon and disrupted. The construction of roads, airports, and other tourist amenities can also lead to soil erosion, deforestation, and pollution, further degrading the natural environment. Another significant concern is the generation of waste by tourists and the tourism industry. Popular tourist destinations often struggle to manage the large quantities of waste produced by visitors, which can lead to pollution of land, water, and air. Improper waste disposal and lack of recycling facilities can have long-lasting negative effects on the environment, as well as on the health and well-being of local communities. Despite these challenges, it is essential to acknowledge that tourism also has the potential to positively impact the environment and local communities. Sustainable tourism practices, such as ecotourism and responsible travel, can help minimizethe negative effects of tourism on the environment. By promoting conservation efforts, supporting local economies, and raising awareness about environmental issues, sustainable tourism can contribute to the protection of natural resourcesand ecosystems. Moreover, tourism can also serve as a catalyst for environmental conservation and preservation. Many conservation projects and protected areas rely on tourism revenue to fund their operations and protect natural habitats. By visiting these areas and participating in eco-friendly activities, tourists can contribute directly to the conservation of biodiversity and the protection of endangered species. In conclusion, the impact of tourism on the environment is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration and action. While the industry undoubtedly poses significant challenges to the environment, it also has the potential to be a force for positive change. By promoting sustainable practices, supporting conservation efforts, and raising awareness about environmental issues, the tourism industry can mitigate its negative impact and contribute to the protection of the environment for future generations. As travelers, we also have a responsibility to make conscious choices and support sustainable tourism initiatives that prioritize the well-being of the environment and local communities. Only through collective efforts and a commitment to sustainability can we ensure that tourism continues to thrive while preserving the natural beauty and integrity of our planet.。
The Impact of Urbanization on the Environment
The Impact of Urbanization on theEnvironmentUrbanization refers to the process of population concentration in cities and towns, leading to the expansion of urban areas. This phenomenon has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, with more and more people moving fromrural areas to urban centers in search of better opportunities and a higher standard of living. While urbanization has undoubtedly brought about economic growth and development, it has also had a significant impact on the environment. This essay will explore the various ways in which urbanization has affected the environment, taking into account both the positive and negative aspects of this process. One of the most significant environmental impacts of urbanization is the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. As cities expand and develop, theyoften encroach upon previously untouched areas, leading to the destruction of forests, wetlands, and other ecosystems. This loss of habitat can have devastating consequences for wildlife, pushing many species to the brink of extinction. In addition, urbanization can also disrupt natural migration patterns and food chains, further endangering the delicate balance of ecosystems. Furthermore, urbanization is often accompanied by increased pollution levels, as a result of industrial activities, transportation, and waste disposal. The concentration of people and resources in urban areas leads to higher levels of air and water pollution, which can have serious health consequences for both humans and wildlife. Air pollution,in particular, has been linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and even premature death. Water pollution, on the other hand, can contaminate drinking water sources and harm aquatic ecosystems, leading to a decline in water quality and biodiversity. Another environmental impact of urbanization is the depletion of natural resources. As cities grow and expand, they require more and more resources to sustain their populations, leading to increased extraction of minerals, fossil fuels, and water. This overexploitation of natural resources can have long-term consequences, depleting finite reserves and causing irreversible damage to ecosystems. In addition, the production and consumption patterns associated with urbanization often lead to high levels of waste generation,further straining the environment and contributing to pollution and resource depletion. On a more positive note, urbanization can also have some beneficial effects on the environment. For example, the concentration of people in cities can lead to more efficient land use, as urban areas are typically more compact and densely populated than rural areas. This can help to preserve natural habitats and reduce urban sprawl, minimizing the impact of development on ecosystems. In addition, the density of urban areas can promote the use of public transportation and non-motorized modes of transport, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating traffic congestion. Moreover, urbanization can also provide opportunities for sustainable development and environmental conservation. Many cities around the world are implementing green initiatives and sustainable practices to minimize their environmental footprint and promote a more eco-friendly way of life. This includes measures such as green building design, renewable energy sources, waste reduction and recycling programs, and green spaces and parks. By incorporating these practices into urban planning and development, cities can mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization on the environment and create more livable and sustainable urban environments for future generations. In conclusion, urbanization has both positive and negative impacts on the environment, depending on how it is managed and implemented. While urbanization can lead to habitat destruction, pollution, and resource depletion, it can also promoteefficient land use, sustainable development, and environmental conservation. It is essential for policymakers, urban planners, and residents to work together to address the environmental challenges associated with urbanization and strive towards creating more sustainable and resilient cities that prioritize the well-being of both people and the planet.。
Urbanizations Impact on the Environment
Urbanizations Impact on the Environment Urbanization is the process of converting rural or undeveloped lands into urban areas. It involves the construction of buildings, roads, and other infrastructure to accommodate a growing population. While urbanization has brought many benefits such as economic growth, improved access to healthcare, education, and other services, it also has a significant impact on the environment. In this essay, I will explore the effects of urbanization on the environment from multiple perspectives.One of the most significant impacts of urbanization on the environment is the loss of natural habitats and biodiversity. As more land is converted into urban areas, forests, wetlands, and other natural habitats are destroyed, leading to the extinction of many plant and animal species. This loss of biodiversity not only affects the natural balance of ecosystems but also has economic implications. Many species provide essential ecosystem services such as pollination, pest control, and soil fertility, which are crucial for agriculture and other industries.Another environmental impact of urbanization is air pollution. Urban areas are often characterized by high levels of air pollution due to the concentration of vehicles, industries, and other sources of emissions. This pollution not only affects the health of urban residents but also contributes to climate change. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitted by urban areas are major contributors to global warming, which has far-reaching consequences such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and loss of biodiversity.Water pollution is another environmental impact of urbanization. Urban areas generate large amounts of wastewater, which contains pollutants such as heavy metals, chemicals, and pathogens. If not treated properly, this wastewater can contaminate water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, affecting aquatic life and human health. Urbanization also leads to increased runoff, which can cause flooding and erosion, further degrading water quality.Urbanization also has a significant impact on the use of natural resources. As urban areas grow, they consume more energy, water, and other resources. This increased demandfor resources can lead to overexploitation, depletion, and degradation of natural resources. For example, urbanization can lead to the overuse of groundwater, which can cause water tables to drop, affecting the availability of water for agriculture and other uses.The impact of urbanization on the environment is not all negative, however. Urban areas can also have positive environmental effects, such as reducing the carbon footprint of individuals. Urban areas often have better public transportation systems, which can reduce the need for personal vehicles and decrease emissions. Additionally, urban areas can provide opportunities for green spaces such as parks and gardens, which can help mitigate the loss of natural habitats and provide important ecosystem services.In conclusion, urbanization has a significant impact on the environment, both positive and negative. While it has brought many benefits such as economic growth and improved access to services, it has also led to the loss of natural habitats, air and water pollution, and overexploitation of natural resources. It is essential to address these environmental impacts through sustainable urban planning, green infrastructure, and the adoption of cleaner technologies. Only by balancing the needs of urban development with the protection of the environment can we create livable and sustainable cities for future generations.。
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2 A method of scenario capture and technology design
The process by which we envisaged how business planning would be transformed by our `knowledge mediation' tool consisted of three steps, described below.
Using Scenarios to Envisage the Impact of CBR on Decision-Making Processes1
A.D. ,
Human-Computer Interaction Group, Department of Computer Science, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK email: Tony.Griffiths or Michael.Harrison @ www: /hci
Abstract. This paper describes our experiences of using scenarios to
design a `knowledge mediating' CBR system. We show how we built negotiated descriptions of decisions made by the business, how these descriptions emerged through processes of negotiation and re nement and how we envisaged ways in which work processes would be transformed by our new system. We argue that envisaging the changing context of work is a vital step in the successful integration of decision technology.
1
We acknowledge with gratitude the support of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant GR/K84752) and Northern Electric Distribution Ltd.
the continual achievement of high standards of reliability. This is a knowledge mediation problem since decisions depend both upon an economic viewpoint (e.g. the priorities of di erent business drivers, the nancial consequence of di erent plans) and an engineering viewpoint (e.g. the impact of the plans on reliability of service). At present, time constraints and the availability of information mean that business planning decisions are made using only a few of the information gathering and decision-modelling activities that could be carried out. Speci cally, we have observed that there are many rich sources of information in the business that are not exploited by business planners except through lengthy processes of interaction and negotiation with the engineering personnel. This is because the business planners do not generally have the familiarity with these systems needed to extract relevant information and they do not necessarily have the domain knowledge needed to interpret some of these sources of information, whereas these are both available to the engineers. The aim of the knowledge mediation tool is to represent this knowledge used by the engineers and provide, through the functions of a CBR system, the means for this knowledge to be reused within the community of practice of the business planners. This tool has been implemented in a prototype form and is currently being evaluated. A fuller description of the system can be found in Gri ths et al., 1999]. The use of this technology would entail a number of desirable changes to the activity of business planning { relevant information would be available to business planners at reduced cost in time and resources, the scope of the analytical investigations supporting business planning decisions would be broadened and uncertainty about future outcomes for the business could be reduced through the provision of extra information. Thus, the task of designing the knowledge mediation system was also a task of envisaging transformations in business planning and the design process must evaluate not only the new computer technology but also the extent to which the technology delivers the desired changes in work practices.
Describing Business Decisions
In order to understand the organisational role of the new system, it was rst necessary to identify those classes of decision which the tool would support, and to describe those decisions from the point of view of the `business planner' who would use the system. A central element of the approach described here is that the scope of the system was represented by a set of representative decision scenarios. This came about as follows. We were unable to observe the process of business planning directly for two speci c reasons. Firstly, business
1 Introduction
Successfully integrating decision support software into the decision-making processes of a business requires envisaging the ways in which those processes will be transformed by the new technology. This paper demonstrates this viewpoint by describing a scenario-based approach that we have used to envisage the impact of a prototype CBR system. Our approach involved the iterative re nement of scenarios, a method that is particularly suitable in domains where eliciting descriptions of work is di cult. Our research concerns CBR as a technology for knowledge mediation. `Knowledge mediation' includes the processes by which knowledge and information is transformed and translated as it is communicated between di erent expertise groups within an organisation. We are exploring the hypothesis that technological solutions based on CBR may alleviate the problems of communication that arise within an organisation through the di erent perspectives provided by the background, language and training of di erent groups of personnel. Our case study concerns knowledge mediation between the economic perspective of senior management and the perspective of engineering personnel at Northern Electric Distribution Ltd (NEDL). NEDL is an asset management company in the recently privatised Northern Electric group. Our problem is to support senior managers in making business planning decisions. The particular decisions we are investigating are concerned with maintenance policies and asset replacement, where decision-making must balance the requirements of parsimony and