视听教育(99下半年全国)及答案
现代教育技术答案2
1 名词解释教育技术：教育技术是关于学习过程和学习资源的设计、开发、运用、管理和评价的理论与实践。
电化教育：运用现代教育媒体，并与传统教育媒体恰当结合，传递教育信息，以实现教育最优化。
2例举教育技术的研究内容教育技术的研究内容是学习过程和学习资源的设计，开发，运用。
管理和评价等五个方面。
设计：主要包括理论和实践的四个主要方面：教学系统设计，信息设计，教学策略设计，学习者特征分析。
开发：是把设计方案转化为物理形态的过程。
需要使用印刷技术，视听技术，计算机辅助技术，整合技术等。
运用：包括媒体的运用，革新与推广，实施和制度化，政策和法规等。
管理：包括项目管理。
资源管理，教学系统管理和信息管理等。
评价：包括问题分析，参照标准评价，形成性评价和总结性评价等。
3简述国内外教育技术的发展过程一国外教育技术的发展由于教育和信息技术发展水平的差异，教育技术在不同的国家经历了不同的发展阶段。
以美国为代表的发达国家的教育技术，大致经历了以下四个发展阶段。
1视觉教育阶段（20世纪初~30年代）2视听教育阶段（20世纪30~50年代）3视听传播阶段（20世纪50~60年代）4教育技术阶段（20世纪70年代至今）二我国教育技术的发展历程我国的教育技术萌芽于20世纪20年代，起步于30年代。
从20世纪20年代，我国教育界就尝试利用电影，幻灯片等媒体作为教学工具。
20世纪70年代，受“文化大革命”的影响，我国的教育技术几乎没有什么发展。
十一届三中全会以后，我国的教育技术获得了长足发展，到1993年前后已经初步形成了自己的理论体系和课程结构。
1995，中国教育科研网开通，标志着中国网络教育的开端。
2000年，教育部制定了在中小学普及信息技术教育和实施“校校通”工程的战略目标。
4教育技术的发展趋势主要体现在哪些方面？1教育技术作为交叉学科的特定将日益突出2教育技术将日益重视实践性和支持性研究3教育技术将日益关注技术环境下的学习心理研究4教育技术的手段将日益网络化，智能化，虚拟化5说说你对教育技术定义的理解教育技术：教育技术是关于学习过程和学习资源的设计、开发、运用、管理和评价的理论与实践。
全国2021年10月高等教育自学考试视听教育试题_2
全国2021年10月高等教育自学考试视听教育试题02862一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合标题问题要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．视听教育特别适合目前我国农业现状的主要原因是（）A．我国农业迫切需要实现现代化B．农业生产经营单位众多分散、交通不便、信息闭塞C．广大农民已经富裕起来D．农村青少年需要教育2．视听教育的专门机构，在国外称为“视听教育中心”，我国各级农业部门都设有专门的宣传机构称为（）A．电化教育馆B．教育中心C．农业推广中心D．县科委3．向大众传播各种信息使用最普通的大众媒体是（）A．报纸B．电影C．电话D．组织机构4．利用话筒的指向性特性，能够适应各种复杂的拾音环境，在嘈杂的环境中作人物专访时，可避免环境干扰的是（）A．无指向性话筒B．双指向性话筒C．单指向性话筒D．超指向性话筒5．从整体上讲，机芯只是录像机的一个动作（）A．检查机构B．命令机构C．评比机构D．执行机构6．中央农业广播电视学校为我国农村培养了大批农业成人中专毕业生，在这种农业教育中发挥巨大作用的教育手段是（）A．学历教育B．函授教育C．视听教育D．成人教育7．录音机放音时音调变低而失真的原因是（）A．录放开关不良B．磁头断路C．带速变快D．带速变慢8．为了确保电视机和人身的安全，在室外使用天线时主要是防止（）A．雨B．大风C．雷击D．炎热9．下列说法正确的是（）A．凹透镜能发散光线，能成实像B．凹透镜能会聚光线，不能成实像C．凸透镜能会聚光线，能成实像D．凸透镜能发散光线，不能成实像10．PLA制彩色电视机采用的标准光源是（）A．黑光B．红光C．白光D．绿光11．编写电视片分镜头稿本的基本要求之一是（）A．恰当的运用节奏B．合理地处理构图C．较多地采用特技D．连续地安排音乐12．拍摄大规模生产场面的照片时，若要勾划人物的轮廓，拍摄时宜选用（）A．逆光B．顺光C．顶光D．侧光13．幻灯机的主要结构分为光学部分和（）A．机身B．开关C．银幕D．幻灯片14．切换书写投影仪内的灯泡时（）A．可带电切换B．可边工作边切换C．可随意切换D．应断电后切换：15．在户外、大众场合，张贴农业科技报最好采用（）A．路牌B．橱窗C．广告D．地摊16．展览方式可分为（）A．网络传播B．上门宣传C．商业销售D．固定展览17．用数据资料绘制的图形称为（）A．统计图B．解析图C．示意图D．明细表18．拍摄电视素材时做现场记录的目的是便于（）A．编纂B．领会C．了解D．不雅看19．彩色摄像机的分色系统能把被摄景物的影像分解成（）A．三混色图像信号B．三红色图像信号C．三基色图像信号D．三绿色图像信号20．科技电视片使用最遍及的一种解说形式是（）A．教师讲课B．画中人物解说C．画外音讲解D．一问一答：三、名词解释题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）26．磁性录音27．摄影构图28．（幻灯片制作的）直接摄影法29．媒体30．电视录像素材四、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分）31．橱窗宣传的构图应把握的原则是什么？32．简述电视彩色的三要素。
2020年10月全国自考视听教育试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试视听教育试题课程代码：02862一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．农业视听情报的主要特点是（）A．充分运用现代科技技术B．运用声、光、电传播媒体C．传播速度快、覆盖面广、效率高D．形象直观、信息量大、仿真度高、传递速度快2．报纸在现代视听手段中属于（）A．视觉类媒体B．听觉类媒体C．交互型媒体D．人际交流媒体3．推广农业技术具有优势的媒体是（）A．粉笔B．广播电视C．黑板D．书刊4．幻灯机片盘装片时，幻灯片插入片盘中应（）A．按顺序药面向前，上下倒置B．按顺序药面向后，上下倒置C．按顺序药面向后，上下不倒置D．按顺序药面向前，上下不倒置5．幻灯机的镜头上沾上了擦不掉的污物，擦拭时可用镜头纸蘸上（）A．纯酒精或四氯化碳B．水或四氯化碳C．汽油或纯酒精D．水或汽油6．翻拍绸纹照片时，所翻拍照片影像会变得粗糙，为清除绸文,应均匀地在原照片上涂上（）A．酒精B．汽油C．自来水D．松节油和蓖麻油的混合液7．单面印字的文字材料，翻拍时为了使原件增加洁白程度，在原件背面衬（）A．黑纸B．白纸C．红纸D．黄纸8．话筒又称为传声器和麦克风，它是一种（）A．电声转换器件B．电磁转换器件1C．声电转换器件D．磁电转换器件9．随着电子技术的发展和人民生活水平的提高，城乡人民收看新闻、学习科学文化和娱乐的主要电器是（）A．收音机B．电视机C．VCD机D．放像机10．在电视广播中，我国电视制度规定图像信号采用的是（）A．调整制B．调频制C．集中制D．调幅制11．收看2频道播放的电视节目，应在（）A．F频段范围内选台B．H频段范围内选台C．U频段范围内选台D．L频段范围内选台12．为了使彩色摄像机红、绿、兰三路信号放大系统的特性完全一致，要进行调整（）A．机器B．光圈C．白平衡D．镜头13．录像机的各部件使用寿命有一定期限，一般视频磁鼓超过使用期限，图像质量严重变差时应（）A．更换B．消噪C．水洗D．加油14．有线电视采用视频传输信号，使用的是（）A．铁芯电缆B．高压电缆C．照明电缆D．同轴电缆15．编写科教电视片文字稿本的首要任务是（）A．编导B．选题C．分工D．合作16．编写农业科技推广电视片的文字稿本时，对每一个技术动作画面和解说词的安排，都应做到（）A．有声有色B．主题鲜明C．声画同步D．文字优美17．科教电视片整个编制过程的依据是（）A．录制提纲B．分镜头稿本C．文字稿本D．完成台本18．易准确绘制，也容易阅读的统计图是（）A．线形统计图B．柱形统计图C．图形统计图D．圆形统计图219．昆虫标本制作方法有（）A．蜡制B．风干C．剥皮D．干制针插20．户外宣传规模最大的媒体形式是（）A．路牌B．橱窗C．样本D．模型二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
视听阅读第二册Home Listening答案及听力原文
视听阅读第二册Home Listening答案及听力原文Unit 1I A D AII TＴFＦFIII1 Studies have shown that almost all living things will eventually become extinct.2 In many cases, replacement species emerge over time.3 Human activity is having a tremendous negative impact on extinction rates.4 Some of the world’s species cannot survive without help.5 Some groups may have a vested interest in not protecting certain species.Understanding ExtinctionA species is considered extinct when careful scientific surveys show that the last individual of that species has died. The loss of many species of plants and animals has been attributed to changes in climate, genetic weaknesses, and human activities such as hunting and environmental destruction. Studies have shown that almost all living things will eventually become extinct. In fact, more than 99 percent of the species that have ever lived on Earth have now disappeared permanently. Although this sounds like a terrible situation, it is important to understand that the earth seems to recover from the loss of great numbers of species. In many cases, replacement species emerge over time; however, extinction does decrease the diversity of life on the planet in the short term. These replacement species often require recovery periods of millions of years.Human beings have had a huge impact on the extinction rates of various species. Therefore, scientists have recently begun to examine humankind’s effects on the numbers of species that have become extinct. Through the use of geographical and biological research, a “background extinction rate”has been established. These figures show the numbers of species which have disappeared during the specific time period. By comparing rates of extinction before and after human existence, researchers were able to discover the exact effects of humankind on nature. Studies now cite that the extinction rates after human life began are 100 to 1000times greater than before human influence on Earth. Future rates are forecasted to be even higher. This demonstrates the tremendous negative impact that human activity is having on extinction rates.Scientists are currently researching methods of dealing with this astonishing trend. As individuals, educators, and governments try to manage species survival, one key factor they find is that without help, some of the world’s species can not survive. In addition, scientists must learn to make difficult decisions based on incomplete information. They must also deal with groups that may have a vested interest in not protecting certain species. For example, people interested in developing oil fields in the Arctic may not think the protection of the wildlife in the region is of primary importance.Unit 2I1 0.6, 0.82 1.4, 5.83 1004 14735 2008II1 Greenhouse gases are produced by car and truck exhaust, factory smoke, and the burning of certain substances for heat and light.2 The effects of global warming will most likely appear in animal populations first3 Environmental groups not only governmental ones but also private groups, are working towards this goal.4 The United Nations has organized international gatherings to approach this problem, and has produced a document known as the “Kyoto Protocol”.5 The serious drawback of the “Kyoto Protocol”is that this document doe sn’t include strict enforcement procedures for implementing the program.III 1D 2B 3A 4CA floweringB nestingC annualD matingClimate Change: Not Only a Human WorryNew York, June 4In the past century, the earth’s temperature has risen by approximately 0.6 to 0.8 degrees Celsius. Scientists believe that this is the result of an enhanced greenhouse effect, which is the process by which the earth maintains its temperature. Recently, a rise in certain types of gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), has increased the amount of heat trapped near the earth’s surface by the effect. This increase has resulted in an insulating and warming of the planet. These problematic gases, or “greenhouse gases”, come from car and truck exhaust, factory smoke, and the burning of certain substances for heat and light. If alternative methods of producing energy are not found soon, the earth’s temperature will likely rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of the 21st century.Extreme temperature changes, such as those projected over the next 100 years, could be a serious threat to the human environment. However, the effects of global warming will most likely appear in animal populations first. In fact, certain changes have already been observed. For example, early thaws in the ice of the Bering Sea have affected the mating season of several types of seals. Certain species of birds are changing their nesting patterns as well. Certain plants are flowering earlier, and other large animals are changing their annual periods of sleeping and waking. According to Stanford University, global warming has directly resulted in biological changes to 1473 species around the world.Environmental groups, both governmental and private, are currently working to decrease the amount of dangerous gases, or “emissions”, released each year. One of the first international gatherings organized by the United Nations to approach the problem produced a document which eventually became known as the “Kyoto Protocol”. Its aim was to stabilize greenhouse gas levels to prevent dangerous changes in the world’s climate. The agreement set limits on the amounts of greenhouse gases that each participating nation could release each year. Unfortunately, the agreement didn’t include strict enforcement procedures for implementing the program, and as of 2008, several countries only participate in the plan on a reporting basis. Others, including the United States, have refused to sign the document.Unit 3I BＤFII distinctive, cultivate, emerge, harvested, temperature, adequate, regularIII1 Other areas are fast becoming important players in this lucrative game.2 The world’s second best-known supplier of truffles after France is Italy.3 Alba is best known for its white truffles.4 Other countries, including Spain and Sweden, also produce truffles.5 Australian production is increasing year by year.Truffle FarmingWhen you think about where truffles come from, you probably picture a small town in the south of France. While the French countryside does produce much of the world’s supply of truffles, other areas are fast becoming important players in this lucrative game.A difficult undertakingThe situation is clear: truffles can’t be grown just anywhere. They must be grown near or under trees since scientists believe that this is what produces their distinctive flavor. It is also extremely difficult to cultivate them the way one would grow other crops. This special product doesn’t appear in the spring and summer, but emerges only in the fall and winter. Black truffles, which are the best-known of the French truffles, can be harvested only form November through March. White truffles appear only from September through early January. Furthermore, the weather conditions, such as the temperature, must be just right and the amount of rainfall must be adequate for the truffles to grow properly. Due to these challenges, very few farmers have mastered the skill of successfully planting and harvesting truffles on a regular basis.Truffles from ItalyThe world’s second best-known supplier of truffles after France is Italy. The Piedmont region near the city of Alba is the center of the Italian truffle business. There, truffles are sold in their original form and are also used in pastas, flavored olive oils and breads. Alba is best known for its white truffles, which many people feel have a finer and more interesting flavor than black truffles. Truffles are so important in Alba that there has been a truffle festival, which lasts for several weeks, every year since 1899. Thousands of truffle lovers arrive in Alba each fall to enjoy the celebration and the scenery, and most importantly, to sample the truffles.Other sources of trufflesOther countries, including Spain, Sweden, New Zealand, Australia, the U. K., and the U.S. also produce truffles. Currently Australian truffle growers are working hared to increase their share of the worldwide market. Scientists there have analyzed the soils, rainfall levels, and types of trees available in order to maximize their production and produce the finest tasting truffles possible. In certain parts of Australia, growing conditions are very close to those of the south of France and production is increasing year by year.Unit 4I F F T T FII1 They can be found almost everywhere including northern Europe, East Asia, and South America.2 They may regard a human in the water as a threat to their safety. Sometimes in murky water, they may mistake a human for a natural prey or a wounded animal which make an easy meal.3 Because they almost always swim away immediately after biting.III1 However, these attacks average only a single death per year.2 The truth is that incidences of shark attacks are actually very rare.3 In fact, humans kill more sharks each year than sharks kill people.4 Almost all studies show that shark attacks are the exception, not the rule.5 When a shark attacks a human, it is not a calculated choice.Welcome to Shark CentralShark Central is a website committed to reducing the world’s fear of sharks.Dangerous sharks: where are they?Dangerous sharks can be found almost everywhere including northern Europe, East Asia, and South America. Of the total number of types of sharks in the world, very few are actually associated with human injury. The coastal areas in Australia host a diverse number of sharks, to which several attacks on humans per year are attributed. However, these attacks average only a single death per year. The east and west coasts of the United States also report between 20 and 40 shark attacks each year. However, these areas have thousands of miles of beaches and a very large population of people who use them during their free time. We have invaded the sharks’ domain, and they may not know how to deal with this.Why do sharks attack humans?The truth is that incidences of shark attacks are actually very rare. In fact, humans kill more sharks each year than sharks kill people. Considering the millions of sharks and millions of people in the world’s oceans, the 71 proven attacks on humans in 2008 seems to be an extremely small number. Although the number of shark attacks is rising slightly each year, researchers attribute this to the human population growth. They feel it is a result of the fact that more people are spending time in the water—not an increasingly dangerous shark population. Almost all studies show that shark attacks are exception, not the rule.Why don’t sharks leave us aloneWhen a shark attacks a human, it is not a calculated choice. It’s usually a mistake. When they see hands moving and feet kicking, it looks like either a threat to their safety, or a wounded animal which would make an easy meal. Sometimes in murky water, a shark may mistake a human for a penguin, seal or other natural prey. The fact that they almost always swim away immediately after biting seems to indicate that sharks do not purposely purse and attack humans.Imagine that!Sharks never run out of teeth: if one is lost, another tooth moves forward from the rows of reserve teeth.Sometimes sharks eat other sharks, however not all sharks eat meat.One big meal can last a shark for over three months.Two-thirds of a shark’s brain is linked to its sense of smell.Unit 5I TＦFＴFII1 welcomed, experience2 special, decorations3 familiarize, inhabitants4 assigned5 treat illnesses6 schedule, tough7 touch the ground8 cultural ambassador1A 2 C 3 B 4A 5B 6D 7 C 8DA April 3B April6C April 12D April 14Daily Journal 2008April 3Well, here I am in Chengdu, China! After I joined the teaching exchange program, I was a little nervous about my year abroad, but this is a great opportunity. I’ve been assigned a job teaching English and American culture at a local school here. The program has also arranged for me to live with someone from the area, the Li family. I feel so welcome in their home and now I can experience typical Chinese life fist hand.April 6I’m glad I have a couple of weeks to get used to things before I start teaching; things here are pretty different from back home! One of the sons in my host family, Xiaoping who is 14, has taught me a lot, though. We take long walks every day to help me familiarize myself with the town and its inhabitants. Yesterday we passed a man who was selling little red bags of what looked like nuts. Xiaoping told me they were traditional Chinese medicines. He said some people in the area use various plants to treat illnesses. For example, part of a local flower is used to treat coughs. Amazing!April 12Today was the wedding of the oldest daughter in my host family Meiyu, to Zhifeng and I was invited to attend as a special guest. At about 10:00 in the morning, a car covered with red decorations arrived and Meiyu was carried out to it. Xiaoping explained that her feet must not touch the ground until she reached Zhifeng’s house. The actual wedding ceremony was short and simple, but the wedding dinner was just the opposite as I have never seen so much food in my life! What a great day!April 14I just got my new schedule for school and it is going to be rough! I have to be there at 8:00 in the morning and sometimes I don’t go home until 5:00 at night. Teaching is always a difficult way to make a living, nevertheless I think it’s worth it. In my case, I’ll really have a chance to serve as a cultural ambassador for my home country and I’m sure that I’ll be able to broaden my student s’horizons—as well as my own. This is going to be a wonderful year!Unit 6I 1B 2C 3E 4A 5 DII1 Saturday evening2 transformation3 delicious dinner4 people walk by5 achievement6 Tuesday7 riding skills8 in action9 impressive 10 saw the waterfalls 11 a rain forestterrain 12 exotic 13 in another worldIII1 We’ve already had so many remarkable experiences!2 The most interesting thing about the city for me is the people.3 We were lucky enough to come across a traditional Argentinean gaucho event.4 I was cheering as loudly as the next person.5 But what I enjoyed most was a side trip we took.Amazing ArgentinaDear Lee,How are things back home? Things here are great! We’ve only been in Argentina for a few days, but we’ve already had so many remarkable experiences! We arrived in Buenos Aires last Saturday and spent a couple of days just exploring this fascinating city. The first evening we visited Puerto Madero. Prior to this visit, it was a rather unattractive neighborhood, but there’s been an astonishing transformation in the past ten years. It’s now full of wonderful places to eat. We had a delicious dinner in an outdoor café and relaxed for hours just watching people walk by.The next morning we visited several of the famous squares in downtown Buenos Aires. To me the most striking one was the three-block-long Plaza del Congreso. They say the whole thing was constructed in less than a year, which I find to be an unbelievable achievement! We also visited the residence of the president, the nearby Casa Rosada, which means “pink house”in English. Them most interesting thing about the city for me is the people; everyone is absolutely beautiful—both men and women. They could all be movie stars! It must be something special about the lifestyle here.On Tuesday we decided to visit the gaucho museum in San Antonio de Arico. However, on our way there, we were lucky enough to come across a traditional Argentinean gaucho event—complete with a horse show. We stopped to take advantage of the opportunity to see Argentinean gauchos in action. They did some really amazing things that showed off their excellent riding skills. I have to admit, I was cheering as loudly as the next person.Later in the week we flew down to Iguazu National Park to see the waterfalls. The falls were incredibly impressive, but what I enjoyed most was a side trip we took. Our guide led us down a three-kilometer path deep into rain forest terrain. It was the loveliest, most exotic and peaceful place I’ve ever seen. It really felt like I was in another world. Here’s a picture so you can see how wonderful it is—I’ll send pictures and info later when I update my journal!See you soon!MarcoUnit 7Iin 1495-B, in 1797-D, in1799-A, in 2000-CII F F T F T TIII1 There is some evidence that parachutes appeared in China in the 1100s.2 His design consisted of a rather inflexible framework.3 Parachuting moved to another level after the invention of the airplane in the early 1900s.4 It was many years before the term “skydiving” was created.5 Teams and individuals began to compete for prizes in a wide variety of areas.A History of SkydivingAlthough there is some evidence that parachutes appeared in China in the 1100s, the earliest recorded example of skydiving is slightly later. Leonardo da Vinci has been attributed with designing the first drafts of a parachute-like mechanism. In about 1495, he designed a six-mete-long triangular parachute which was held together by flexible wooden sticks. Since airplanes or other methods of flying had not been invented yet, the testing of da Vinci’s parachute was limited to jumps from trees, towers and cliffs. In July 2000, British skydiver Adrain Nichols tested da Vinci’s design. Nichols stated that, although there were safety issues due to the parachute’s weight, the flight was definitely smoother than a modern parachute.The first modern parachuteThe first parachute that was similar to those used today was invented by a Frenchman named Andre-Jacques Garnerin. As a soldier, Garnerin was taken prisoner in Hungary where he began experimenting with parachutes as part of his plan to escape. In 1797, several years after being freed, he constructed the first modern parachute. His design consisted of a rather inflexible framework covered with white cloth and looked a lot like a large umbrella. He mad a successful 975-meter jump from a hot-air balloon in 1797, and in 1799 his wife, Jeanne Genevieve, became the first woman to use a parachute to make a similar jump.The birth of skydivingParachuting moved to another level after the invention of the airplane in the early 1900s. During World War I, parachutists became an important part of the fighting forces. This brought attention to parachuting and after the war, parachutists began to appear in public performances. However, it was many years before the term “skydiving”was created, and skydiving wasn’t actually accepted as a sport by the World Air Sports Federation (WASF) until the mid-1950s. Skydiving competitionsAs the popularity of the sport grew the WASF developed rules for competitions and teams and individuals began to compete for prizes in a wide variety of areas, including the following: Largest Freefall Formation (the largest group jumping at the same time)Largest Freefall Formation Head-Down (the largest group jumping head first at the same time) Largest Canopy Formation (the largest group touching each other’s open parachutes)Accuracy (the competitor who achieves the most accurate repeated landings on a three-centimeter-wide target)Unit 8I F T T F TII B C D B CIII1 The idea of having battles in the sky was born.2 They are usually constructed of different materials.3 The competition between rivals is still just as enthusiastic.4 It’s the largest such organization in the world.5 Judges carefully assess all attributes when making their decisions.Competing with Kites Around the WorldKite FightsHistorians believe that people first started to fly kites thousands of years ago either in India, Afghanistan, or any other Asian country, depending upon the source. Somewhere in the early history of kite flying, the idea of having battles in the sky was born. One area well known for its fighter kites is India. There, kites called “patang” or “guda” are flown, and the rope used to fly them is coated with broken bits of glass. The winner is the one who is able to cut the ropes of all of the other competitors. Afghan fighter kites are much larger than their Indian cousins with some being up to five feet wide. They are usually constructed of different materials, and competitors use very lightweight paper for their creations.The sport of kite fighting is also popular in such places as Japan, Korea, Thailand, parts of Europe, Cuba, and Brazil. Brazilian kites are often smaller constructions, but the competition between rivals is still just as enthusiastic. Part of the fun of kite fighting in Brazil involves cutting away someone else’s kite and then stealing it. Trees and power lines in Brazilian cities are often full of lost or abandoned kites.Kite-building competitionsKite-building competitions offer a totally different approach to the sport of kite flying. Each year, hundreds of festivals are held around the world in which people build their own kites and bring them to be judged by experts in the field. The American Kitefliers Association was formed over 40 years ago and today it is the largest such organization in the world with over 4000 members in 3 countries. During the annual competition, kites are judged on four characteristics: appearance, flight capability, construction technique and design.The kite’s appearance is simply a measure of how good the kite looks on the ground. The “flight capability”category measures how well the flier is able to handle it. Construction technique refers to how neatly and carefully the kite was made, and the design category is a measure of how strong the structure of the kite is. Judges carefully assess all attributes when making their decisions. Although it’s a fun sport, competitors take it very seriously and work extremely hard on their entries. You can research possible kite-building competitions in your areas by going to the American Kitefliers Association website.Unit 9I B D B C BII T F F F TIII1 It seeks to achieve these goals by providing quality reading materials.2 He realized that Ethiopian children urgently needed books to learn to read.3 Materials in local Ethiopian languages are purchased from local publishers.4 Classes in government schools typically have approximately 180 students.5 Ethiopia Reads has found a unique way to meet the needs of residents.FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions about Ethiopia ReadsWhat is Ethiopia Reads?Ethiopia Reads is an organization which aims to help young Ethiopians learn to read and tocreate a culture of reading in Ethiopia. It seeks to achieve these goals by providing quality reading materials in locations that are readily accessible to all children, while providing supportive adult guidance.How did Ethiopia Reads begin?While working at the San Francisco public Library, Yohannes Gebregeorgis, a native of Ethiopia, was unable to find any books in the 83-plus Ethiopian languages. He realized that Ethiopian children urgently needed books in order to learn to read, so he asked author Jane Kurtz for help. Kurtz, who has lived in Ethiopia and authored several books for children, worked with local organizations in grand Forks, North Dakota, to raise money for the project. The program was started with these contributions, and others from the San Francisco public library.Where do the books come from?Materials in local Ethiopian languages, such as textbooks, reference books and story books are purchased form local publishers or published by Ethiopia Reads. Since English is the language used in most high schools and for university placement exams, the libraries also offer English language books. Some of these books are purchased, but many are donated by people in English-speaking countries and shipped directly to Ethiopian Reads.How successful are the library?In 2003, Ethiopia Reads opened the country’s first free library for children downtown Addis Ababa. The Shola Children’s Library now contains 50000 books and provides a safe, well-organized environment in which children can read, study and learn. More than 200000 children have visited the library, which is open six days a week, sine 2003. In addition, the organization has opened ten branch libraries in other districts of the city and has plans to open 100 libraries, including sites in all eight major cities, by the year 2010.Challenges faced by Ethiopia Reads58% of Ethiopians age 15 and above can not read.Classes in government schools typically have approximately 180 students.At present, 99% of schools in Ethiopia have no libraries.The donkey libraryEthiopia Reads has found a unique way to meet the needs of residents living in the farming region around Awassa. In 2006, they began using a donkey cart to transport books to children who had no libraries in their neighborhood. Queen Helina, as the donkey is called, brings books to thousands of children who would not have access to them.Unit 10I ABCII 1D, 2E, 3C, 4F, 5B, 6AIII1 The average temperature on the earth’s surface constantly goes up and down.2 Those who do agree have some serious concerns.3 The size and strength of hurricanes and typhoons will increase.4 By the year 2100, sea levels will be three feet higher than they are today.5 The governments in most major countries are beginning to take them seriously.Global warmingOver time, the average temperature on the earth’s surface constantly goes up and down. These changes are most often the result of differences in the amount of heat from the sun or natural changes in the atmosphere. It usually takes thousands of years for the temperature to change by even one degree Celsius. However, recent measurements show that the earth’s temperature may have increased by almost this much in only the past 100 years. Some scientists believe that this rapid temperature change is the result of human, not natural, activity. The name for this kind of unusual change is global warming, and some scientists and meteorologists predict that it may cause serious problems around the world in the near future. Some even believe these problems are already beginning to happen.While not all meteorologists and scientists agree that global warming s a reality, those who do agree have some serious concerns. They expect an increase in heat waves along with extremely heavy thunderstorms and floods in the near future. Some also predict that snowstorms will become more frequent and intense as global warming causes the level of moisture in the air to rise. In addition, others predict that the size and strength of hurricanes and typhoons will increase as the temperatures of the oceans rise.These scientists also emphasize that people living in cities near the ocean or on small islands should be particularly concerned. They suggest that, as the earth’s temperature increases, the ice at the north and south poles will begin to melt and cause sea levels to rise. This rise in the world’s oceans will, in turn, cause coastal flooding. One prediction is that by the year 2100, sea levels will be three feet higher than they are today. This would mean that cities like Venice, Italy, and Miami, Florida, could lose significant amounts of land to the ocean. Although these are only predictions, the governments in most major countries are beginning to take them seriously.。
自考视听教育试题_浙江省1月自考试卷
自考视听教育试题_浙江省2009年1月自考试卷浙江省2009年1月自考视听教育试题课程代码：02862一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.按人体对信息的感知方式分类______媒体为交互型媒体。
( )A.广播B.电影C.计算机D.投影2.下列传播媒体中，哪一项不属于大众传播媒体？( )A.报纸和书刊B.电话C.广播和电视D.电影3.在拍摄人像时，一般采用______，来勾划人体轮廓，增强立体效果。
( )A.侧光B.背景光C.侧逆光D.正面光4.阴雨天在室外摄像时，摄像机应该选择的色温是( )A.3200KB.5600KC.5600K+1/8NDD.7200K5.使用幻灯机放映时，如果银幕上的画面不清晰，应( )A.检查电源B.调节镜头焦距C.更换灯泡D.调整反光碗6.使用投影器时，要想使银幕上的图像上下大小一致，可采用的方法是( )A.增加投影器与银幕之间的距离B.减少投影器与银幕之间的距离C.调节聚集旋钮D.调节银幕的倾斜角，使投影器的主光轴垂直于银幕的中心7.摄影时当需要增大景物的景深时，应该采用( )A.大光圈B.小光圈C.快门速度快D.快门速度慢8.开大会作报告时，扩音系统一般选用______即可。
( )A.动圈式话筒B.电容式话筒C.无线话筒D.铝带式话筒9.把电视节目伴音信号录制下来的方式称为( )A.快录B.转录C.收录D.混录10.在无线广播中，用音频信号去调制高频无线电波的频率，这种调制方式称为( )A.调相B.调频C.调幅D.调制11.电视台播放广播电视时，发射机发射的电视信号，电视机可以通过______接收。
( )A.线路B.天线C.光缆D.红外12.______可以把复杂的技术予以简化，使读者印象更为清晰。
( )A.统计图B.解析图C.示意图D.明细表13.橱窗的______是封闭式橱窗结构。
2020年10月全国视听教育自考试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试视听教育试题课程代码：02862一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.视听教育要达到预期的效果，需要遵循的原则是( )A.直观性原则、目的性原则、及时反馈原则B.目的性原则和及时反馈原则C.及时反馈原则和教育性原则D.教育原则、直观性原则2.在无线广播中，用音频信号去调制高频无线电波的振幅，这种调制方式称为( )A.调相B.调频C.调幅D.调制3.目前比较普遍应用的橱窗结构形式是( )A.敞开式橱窗B.半敞开式橱窗C.封闭式橱窗D.开放式橱窗4.翻拍黑白的文件、图表和印刷品，应选用的胶片是( )A.彩色负片B.彩色反转片C.全色片D.色盲片5.在放映幻灯片时，银幕上亮度不均匀，其原因是( )A.银幕离幻灯机的位置太远了B.电源电压不足C.灯泡或反光碗位置不对D.聚焦不清晰6.数字录像机可直接记录经过压缩和加密发射的数字信号，再经解密、解压后还原成( )A.模拟信号B.加密信号C.数字信号D.音频信号7.一部农业科教电视片，其画面构图美观、色彩艳丽、解说效果娓娓动听，这说明该片( )A.科学性强B.教育性强C.思想性强D.艺术性强8.不同的拾音环境对话筒的指向性有不同的要求，在大型群众活动场所需拾取较大范围内的声音，则宜采用( )A.无指向性话筒B.双指向性话筒C.单指向性话筒D.超指向性话筒9.在拍摄农田劳动时，地平线容易处于画面正中分割画面，若要使地平线升高，可采用的方法为( )A.水平拍摄B.仰拍C.俯拍D.特写10.中央电视台播出的加密卫星电视节目，采用了目前世界上先进的编码和解码技术，运用的是( )A.条码压缩原理B.脉冲扩展原理C.数字压缩原理D.遥感探测原理11.收音机的解调部分的作用是检出调制在无线电波上的( )1A.高频信号B.低频信号C.中频信号D. 音频信号12.要表现人物的精神面貌，展示人物的面部表情，应选用( )A.远景B.全景C.中景D.近景13.农业科教片中常用的电视文字稿本形式是( )A.小说式B.论述式C.穿插式D.对话式14.电视机重现图像的材料是在靠玻璃屏幕内壁沉积的( )A.介质B.荧光粉C.高电压D.电荷15.翻拍时，双面均印字的文字材料，要减小背面字迹对翻拍效果的影响，应选取的背面衬纸为( )A.白纸B.黑纸C.红纸D.黄纸16.电视开路播放是用发射机发射，用电视机直接接收，发射所用的器材是( )A.线路B.天线C.光缆D.红外17.用全色片翻拍黑白文件，要消除原件上的蓝色斑块，宜采用的滤色镜颜色是( )A.红色B.蓝色C.黄色D.灰色18.摄影中，具有明暗描绘功能的光线是( )A.直射光线B.散射光线C.反射光线D.修饰光线19.下列传播媒体中，不属于．．．大众传播媒体的是( )A.报纸和书刊B.电话C.广播和电视D.电影20.利用展台与产品相结合的综合型宣传是( )A.架顶宣传板B.堆码陈列C.台型陈型D.架橱陈列二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二个至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
浙江省1月视听教育试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月视听教育试题课程代码：02862一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共20分)1.以下哪种媒体属于交互型媒体( )。
A.报纸B.广播C.电视D.计算机2.在我国，将幻灯、电影、广播、电视、语言室、计算机等现代技术用于教育中，形成一整套现代化教学手段，称为( )。
A.媒体教育B.电视教育C.计算机教育D.电化教育3.幻灯机起发光作用的部件是( )。
A.幻灯片B.光源C.反光镜D.放映镜头4.幻灯机的镜头上粘有灰尘时，可用( )轻轻地擦拭。
A.布条B.镜头纸C.纸片D.手帕5.摄影时为增加景深，应该用( )。
A.大光圈、短焦距B.小光圈、短焦距C.小光圈、长焦距D.大光圈、长焦距6.翻拍单面印字的文字材料时，在原件背面衬以( )，能增加原件纸质的洁白程度，有助于获取黑白分明的效果。
A.黑纸B.白纸C.红纸D.黄纸7.用照相机直接拍摄幻灯片时，应使用( )。
A.120照相机B.135照相机C.数字照相机D.120座机8.扬声器属于有线广播系统的( )。
A.音频信号源B.音频放大器C.电声转换器D.声电传换器9.录制音乐演出时，应选用频率特性好的( )。
A.动圈式话筒B.电容式话筒C.无线话筒D.铝带式话筒10.我国电视采用的行频f H是( )Hz。
A.15625B.25C.625D.57511.在彩色电视上，( )可按比例混合成白色。
A.红、黄、蓝B.蓝、绿、黄C.红、黄、青D.红、绿、蓝12.为了( )，彩色电视机应远离电冰箱、功放器和音箱。
A.防尘B.防潮C.防晒D.防磁13.被摄主体位置不变，获得的画面范围由小变大，被摄主体由大变小，应采用( )镜头运动技巧。
A.推B.拉C.摇D.移14.( )属于录制阶段的工作。
A.选题、选材B.经费预算C.外景拍摄D.配音、解说15.录像机用来记录和重放图像信号的磁头叫( )磁头。
全国2021年10月高等教育自学考试视听教育试题_3
全国2021年10月高等教育自学考试视听教育试题02862一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其号码填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共20分)1.下列统计图中，最为准确表示数据的统计图是( )A.线形统计图B.柱形统计图C.图形统计图D.圆形统计图2.彩色胶卷包装上的有效日期，是指保留条件在( )A.30℃以上B.20℃到30℃C.40℃以下D.10℃以下3.视听教育活动中，按媒体的类型划分，电视应属于( )A.视听媒体B.听觉媒体C.交互型媒体D.软件4.只用一台自带机内话筒的单卡收录机不能实现的录制方式为( )A.实录B.收录C.转录D.抹迹(消磁)5.手持相机拍摄时，为防止抖动，快门速度应选择( )A.1/15秒B.1秒C.1/4秒D.1/60秒以上6.电视机显像管的屏幕一般为矩形，长边与短边之比为( )A.4∶3B.5∶4C.2∶1D.5∶37.更换幻灯机灯泡时，必需用纱布包住灯泡，为的是( )A.以免手指痕留在泡壳上影响放映效果B.防止灯泡炸裂C.防止操作人员的手被烫伤D.防止光亮太强刺伤操作人员的眼睛8.视距指摄像机与被摄景物主体之间的( )A.空间B.环境C.距离D.角度9.为了防止扩音时产生啸叫，话筒除了要考虑与声源的位置要适当外，还要注意尽量远离或不要正对着( )A.放大器B.调音台C.扬声器D.接收机10.农业科教电视片中的解说词的作用是( )A.宣传广告B.普通话示范C.说明事物本质D.诱导不雅众消费11.保持幻灯机表里的清洁，清除机身上的污物和灰尘，可用( )A.小毛刷与钢丝刷B.小毛刷与软布C.钢丝刷与软布D.水洗12.下面是广角镜成像的特性，不正确的是( )A.景深小B.视角大C.景物的近大远小收缩比例强烈D.影像畸变像差大13.电视图像明暗对比度调节的本色就是调节加到显像管上的( )A.音频信号大小B.视频信号大小C.调制信号大小D.基准信号大小14.能提供有线广播所需的章频信号的设备，叫( )A.电声转换器件B.电磁转换器件C.暗频信号源D.视频信号源15.农业科教片文字稿本通常采用的形式是( )A.对话式B.讲授式C.诗词式D.对应式：16.电视图像的对比度与亮度的调节，主要是使图像( )A.质量增大B.干扰减少C.层次分明D.数量增加17.从已有节目内容的磁带或唱片上录取节目称为( )A.实录B.转录C.收录D.混录18.拍摄一朵鲜艳的红花，背景色应选择( )A.橙色B.黄色C.红色D.绿色19.综合性展览进行分类的依据是( )A.展出的产品B.主办单位C.销售状况D.展出方式20.下列媒体中，属于人际交流媒体的是( )A.电视B.广播C.信件D.报纸四、简答题(每小题5分，共20分)1.什么叫大众传播媒体，大众传播媒体有何特点?2.与农业推广应用最密切的科教电视片类型有哪几种?3.简答电视机的使用维护要点。
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小学生语文课堂常规
一、听的要求
1、上课迟到或中途需要离开教室，须先向老师报告，老师允许后方能轻轻进出。
2、听讲时背挺直，手放平，脚并拢，头摆正。
不交谈、打闹、下位，不做小动作，不伸懒腰，不阅读与上课内容无关的书籍或做与本节课无关的作业。
3、珍惜课堂每一分钟，认真倾听，积极思考，大胆发言、质疑，不但学懂学会，还要掌握学习方法，逐步做到会学。
我们是小学高年级的学生了，应有选择地做好听课笔记，写在书本上，或者笔记本上，以提高学习效率。
4、听同学发言或提问时，做到不观望、不插嘴、不嘲笑。
当听到见解、观点一致时，自然地表示认可或赞许；当听到不同意见时，待同学发言结束后，再提出建议或进行补充，“我补充……的意见”，不允许插话、抢嘴，随意地打断同学发言。
二、说的要求
1、课堂上回答提问与提出问题应规范地举起右手示意，不能站着举手或是边举手边喊，经教师允许后起立站直回答，如果不知道怎样回答，应礼貌地如实告诉老师：“对不起，我不懂（我没想好）。
”发言完毕，经老师同意后轻轻坐下。
2、答题或提问态度严肃认真，立姿自然得体，讲普通话，吐字清晰，声音响亮。
答题形式讲究规范，用上“我认为……”、“我发现……”、“我补充……的意见”等说话形式，做到说话完整，条理清楚，有自己的独特看法。
三、读的要求
1、朗读课文自信大方，声音响亮，口齿清楚，普通话标准，做到眼到、口到、心到。
2、掌握一定的朗读技巧，朗读课文不漏读、添读、唱读、误读等，做到正确、流利，停顿恰当，读出不同的语调、语气与情感。
初读课文要求正确、读通顺；细读课文要读懂，理解内容；总结课文要读熟，读出感情。
3、朗读时身体坐正或站直，两脚放平，双手捧书，专注而投入。
集体朗读时不抢先，不拖调，节奏、快慢与大家保持一致与和谐。
四、写的要求
1、在课堂上做作业时应该听清要求，明确格式，不擅自离开座位或窃窃私语，保持教室的安静。
2、作业格式规范、行款整齐，独立、按时完成。
3、一、二年级用铅笔写字，要求干净、整洁，若有差错，用橡皮擦净后再修改；三年级之后用水笔书写。
作业一律不得使用修正液（讲明修正液的危害），若有差错，需要更改之处，不可乱涂乱改，只须在错误部分划两条斜线或直线，删去即可，再在规定区域订正。
4、写作业姿势要端正，左手按住作业本或是平放桌上，右手离笔尖一寸，胸离课桌一拳，眼离书本一尺，笔尖朝向左前方。
5、作业本要妥善保管，不能乱扔、乱写、乱画与撕毁，保持作业本的卫生与整洁。
五、合作学习的要求
1、围绕主题人人参与小组讨论，主动有序地发表个人意见，认真听取他人发言，待同学讲完后再补充自己的意见与看法。
2、在班里发表小组意见时，用上“我们认为、我们觉得”等说话形式，尊重合作学习的劳动成果。