(广东地区)2019年中考英语复习专题十一动词的语态(讲解部分)素材(pdf)
中考英语专项提分复习专项 (十一)—动词的时态和语态

中考复习专项(十一)——动词的时态和语态1.(2020·重庆中考)Listen! Our teacher ______ in the music classroom.A.sings B.sang C.will sing D.is singing2.(2020·重庆中考)Don’t drink coffee before going to bed, or you ______ easily.A.don’t fall asleep B.won’t fall asleepC.didn’t fall asleep D.haven’t fallen asleep3.(2020·甘肃中考)I want a mobile phone which ______ good pictures.A.took B.is taking C.takes D.take4.My mother ________ a good example for me since I was young.A. wasB. has beenC. will beD. is5.When I was in primary school, the books ________ me to a wonderful world.A. broughtB. are bringingC. bringD. have brought6.(2020·吉林中考)Tom ______ when I called him yesterday.A.read B.is reading C.was reading7.(2020·重庆A卷中考)Another bridge over the Jialing River ______ last year.A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built8.(2020·海南中考)Many successful businessmen ______ to Hainan to give advice on how to build Hainan Free Trade Port.A.invite B.are invited C.are inviting9.(2020·扬州中考)—Have you tasted baozza, a mixture of pizza and baozi?—Sure.Thousands of baozza ______ at a baozi factory in Yangzhou each day next month.A.will make B.makes C.was made D.will be made10.(2020·泰州中考)This pair of trousers ______ smooth because they are made of Chinese silk.A.feels B.feel C.is felt D.are felt思考并总结:中考真题中关于动词的时态和语态的考点主要有哪些?你觉得自己哪一部分最需加强?请在下述思维导图中用红笔重点标出自己的易错点并分享出来。
2019年中考英语常考知识点之动词语态解析

2019年中考英语常考知识点之动词语态解析和时态一样,语态也是动词的一种形式,用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。
如果动作由主语执行,就可使用主动语态,如果主语不是由主语执行,主语是动作的承受者,则可使用被动语态。
由此我们能够看出英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者,什么事情被主语做。
被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成,一定要记住是及物动词。
助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致,注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。
适合被动语态的情况:不知道动作由谁发出,或因为某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。
如: This table is made of wood. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时,如: This park was built for children.注意:主动句中的主语如果是people,they,somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们",没有确指执行者是谁,为被动句时,通常省略"by+执行者"。
如:The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.注意:在主动句里,不定式在make,see,hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to,但变成被动句时,后面的不定式都需带to。
如:He was made to do that work.主动语态不能变被动语态的情况:学了被动语态,别以为主动句和被动句能够随意转换,千万要注意呀!有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。
当宾语是反身代词时, 如:You should take care of yourself. 当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时,如:Does the skirt suit you?。
(广东地区)2019年中考英语复习专题一名词(讲解部分)素材(pdf)

部分以⁃f, 的名词
把⁃f
thiefңthieves
⁃fe 结 尾
或⁃fe
knifeңknives leafңleaves lifeңlives wifeңwives
改 为 ⁃v, 再 加⁃es
shelfңshelves
表 人
示
某国
an Americanңtwo Americans an Englishmanңtwo Englishmen a Frenchmanңtwo Frenchmen a mouseңtwo mice a childңtwo children㊀ an oxңtwo oxen
条件
变化
例词
注意
以 ch 结尾的名词, 多数加⁃es 以⁃s, 在 词 尾 加⁃es glassңglasses busңbuses boxңboxes 变复数,但当 ch 读 [ k] 时, 其 复数应加 ⁃s ,例如: stomachңstomachs㊂ 注意: 名 词以 th 结尾时,变复数时, 是 mouth ң mouths, month ң months,bathңbaths 有些以⁃f 结尾的单词变为复 数时,只能加⁃s,例如: roofңroofs beliefңbeliefs proofңproofs
但是, handkerchief 在 变 为 复 数时,可有两种变换形式, 即 handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
loafңloaves
(复合
以辅音字 母加⁃y 结 尾的名词
⁃x,⁃ch, 的名词
指 鱼的多少 时, 是可数名词, 但单数和复数同形㊂
⁃sh 结 尾
watchңwatches brushңbrushes selfңselves
(广东地区)2019年中考英语复习 专题十 动词的时态(试卷部分)课件

1.(2018广东,40)—I saw the light of your room was still on at two o'clock last night.
—Oh, I
Evaluation only. a football match of the Russia World Cup.
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the hearts of lots of fans since it started.
A.lose and touch B.won and touched
C.has won and touched D.has lost and hit
答案 C 句意:——电视节目《青年中国说》真的很棒!——我也这么认为。自从它开播以
Evaluation 应用第三人称单数形式,故答案为B项。 only.
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7.(2016广东茂名,32)—Where
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?
are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.
A.drew B.will draw
C.has drawn D.was drawing
答案 C 句意:校园暴力已经引起整个社会的高度关注而且人们呼吁政府尽可能早地制定
Evaluation only. 法律来抵制它。本题考查动词时态。由句意可知应用现在完成时,故答案为C项。
第十一章动词的语态(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十一章动词的语态思维导图知识梳理一、语态概述英语动词除了有时态之外,还有语态,表示主语和谓语的不同关系.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词则用被动语态.动作的执行者用“by”引导的短语表示,但往往被省略;动作的对象则充当了被动语态句中的主语.汉语中常用“挨”“被”“受”等词来表示这个意思.The boy broke the window.那个男孩把玻璃窗打碎了.(主动语态)The window was broken by the boy.这扇玻璃窗被那个男孩打碎了.(被动语态)They watched the children sing that morning.那天早上他们看着孩子们唱歌.(主动语态)The children were watched to sing that morning.那天早上,孩子们被观看唱歌.(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成“助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式.助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样.现以动词ask为例,列表如下:方式(一)一般现在时This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.这种电视是广州制造的.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.汉语是世界上最多人讲的语言.(二)一般过去时The thief was arrested.小偷被抓住了.These pictures were taken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的.(三)一般将来时Your watch will be repaired.你的表将会被修理好.The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon.班会下周六下午召开.(四)现在进行时A new road is being built outside my house.我们家门口正在修一条新路.The watch is being repaired.这只表正在修理.(五)过去进行时The bridge was being repaired when we passed it.我们过桥时,桥正在修.While the supper was being prepared,the light suddenly went out.正在做晚饭时,电灯突然灭了.(六)过去将来时They decided that invitations would not be sent out unless they were carefully checked.他们决定除非经过仔细校对,否则请柬不会发送出去.(七)现在完成时Your wallet has been found.你的钱夹已经找到了.Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了.(八)过去完成时By1972a cooperative medical system had been set up in this area.到1972年这个地区已建立了合作医疗制度.When the anthem had been played,the Congress began.奏完国歌后,大会开始.四、被动语态的用法(一)不知道谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态My watch was stolen.我的手表被窃了.This jacket is made of cotton.这件夹克是棉制的.Her son was killed in World War II.她的儿子在第二次世界大战中战死.(二)没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态The children have been very well looked after.孩子们得到很好的照顾.A big building has been put up in my home town.我家乡已经建起一座大楼.Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.每年必须种很多树.This hat was made in China.这顶帽子是中国制作的.The bicycles must not be put here.这儿不准放车.(三)强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态The letter was posted.信发了.She was asked to sing a song.她被要求唱支歌.He cannot be relied on.他不可靠.A liar is looked down upon.说谎的人被人看不起.(四)出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo and the police.有谁看见这只狮子,请给动物园和警方打电话.You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点做.(五)为使句子结构简练、紧凑,上下连贯,也即出于行文的需要When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his home land for political reasons.他年轻时,就由于政治原因被迫离开了祖国.Lenin often talked to his comrades and was always listened to attentively.列宁经常和同志们谈话,同志们总是留心听他说.(六)在文章标题、广告、新闻等中常用省略助动词be的被动语态Telephone call placed.(TCP)电话接通了.(省略了has been)Girls Wanted.招女工.(广告用语,省略了are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞.(新闻报道,省略了is)五、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态,其结构是:情态动词+be+过去分词.Young trees cannot be cut down.小树不可以砍伐.The exercises must be done in class.练习必须在课堂上做.This dictionary must be taken good care of.这本词典必须保管好.The time in class must be made good use of.上课的时间必须好好地利用.六、主动形式表示被动意(一)某些由及物动词转化来的不及物动词read,write,clean,wash,iron,burn,draw,cook,keep,cut,open,blow,peel,sell,act等,常和副词well,easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义.The pen writes well.这支笔很好写.(二)动词need,require,want,deserve,be worth后接v.-ing的主动结构常表被动含义This film is really worth seeing.这部电影的确值得看.The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清扫了.(三)有些动词如:cook,print,do等,常用主动结构的进行时表被动含义The lunch is cooking.午饭正在烧.(四)某些系动词如feel,prove,smell,taste,sound等加上形容词,也可用主动语态表示被动意义.如:The food tastes delicious.这食物味道很美.七、主动语态变为被动语态的方法把主动语态的结构变为被动语态结构时,要做如下的变动:(一)主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语(二)主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态结构的谓语动词(be+动词的过去分词)(三)主动结构的主语变为介词“by”的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后.若动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by组成的短语就可以省略(四)主动语态变被动语态时,时态要保持一致(五)含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构,变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不动.一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,这样句子显得自然一些Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.阅览室的书和报纸都不能带走.This kind of bike is not made in our factory.这种自行车不是我们厂生产的.This picture can't have been drawn by him.这张画不可能是他画的.When was that book published?那本书是什么时候出版的?Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?会邀请我们参加开幕式吗?点拨(1)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语.若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for.常见的能接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的词有:give,show,bring,lend,send(送,寄)等,这些词与介词to 搭配.还有buy,make,draw(画画)等,这些词与介词for搭配.We gave them some books.我们给了他们一些书.They were given some books.(变间接宾语为主语)Some books were given(to)them.(变直接宾语为主语)(2)含有宾语补足语的句子,宾语变为主语后,宾语补足语改为主语补足语,原来的位置一般不变.但如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,句子变成被动语态后则要加to,以便将两个动词隔开.We keep food cold in the fridge.=→Food is kept cold in the fridge.我们用电冰箱保鲜食品.Every day the tiger makes one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat.=→Every day one of the smaller animals was made to bring the tiger something to eat.老虎每天强迫一个小动物给他带吃的东西来.(3)短语动词的被动语态短语动词在主动结构中是一个不可分割的词组,在被动结构中也是如此,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词.The nurse takes good care of the children.阿姨很好地照顾小孩.The children are taken good care of by the nurse.孩子们受到保姆很好的照顾.八、系表结构和被动语态的区别(一)系表结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时,而被动结构可用于多种时态(二)系表结构中的过去分词常常有其固定的介词搭配,被动结构则没有(三)系表结构中的过去分词可被very等副词修饰;被动结构中的过去分词可用much修饰.比较:The husband was very agitated about his wife's health.丈夫为他妻子的健康状况深感不安.(系表结构)Milk,meat,eggs and vegetables are produced in the farm.这个农场盛产牛奶、肉,鸡蛋和各种蔬菜.(被动结构)They were asked to speak at the meeting.他们被邀请在会议上讲话.(被动结构)He was puzzled about it.他为那件事感到困惑.(系表结构)九、不能使用被动语态的情况(一)某些表示状态的及物动词作谓语时常见的表示状态的及物动词有have(有),fit(适合),suit(适合),hold(容纳),cost(花费)等.The room can hold100people.这个房间能容纳100人.(二)宾语是反身代词或相互代词、表示地点或处所的名词时,不可用于被动语态在黑暗中我们几乎看不到对方.We could hardly see each other in the dark.(✓)Each other could hardly be seen in the dark.(x)(三)宾语是不定式短语或动名词时汤姆喜欢听音乐.Tom enjoys listening to music.(✓)Listening to music is enjoyed by Tom.(x)好题精练一、将下列句子变为被动语态1.Everybody respects the brave old man.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.We elected Comrade Li head of our workshop.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.She can translate the difficult sentence into English.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.We are turning China into a powerful industrial country.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.They asked her to tell a story.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.The brave old man is respected by everybody.rade Li was elected head of our workshop(by us).3.The difficult sentence can be translated into English by her.4.China is being turned into a powerful industrial country(by us).5.She was asked to tell a story.二、将下列句子变成主动语态1.We were told an interesting story by our teacher yesterday afternoon.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.A kite is being made(by us)now.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.What was said by you at the meeting?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.Our homework must be finished first.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.A hole should be dug for the young tree.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Will the trees be watered every day?____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.Our teacher told us an interesting story yesterday afternoon.2.We are making a kite now.3.What did you say at the meeting?4.We must finish our homework first.5.We should dig a hole for the young tree.6.Shall we water the trees every day?三、选择填空1.The lost boy_________this early morning.A.foundB.was foundC.is foundD.are found2.That factory_________in1970.A.builtB.was builtC.is builtD.were built3.This medicine_________before dinner.A.should have tookB.ought have takenC.should have been eatenD.should have been taken4.When the speaker entered the hall,all the listeners_________.A.had seatedB.were seatedC.seatedD.were seating5.Many trees_________in spring every year.A.plantB.plantedC.are plantedD.be planted6.The People's Republic of China_________on Oct.1,1949.A.was foundingB.was foundedC.was foundD.finded7.Our classroom_________every day.A.cleansB.be cleanedC.cleanedD.is cleaned8.A radio_________in everyday life.eB.is usedC.are usedD.was used9.Children in China_________since1949.A.are taken good careB.have taken care ofC.took good care ofD.have been taken good care of10.The patient is well_________.A.took care ofB.taken care ofC.taken careD.take care of11.The room was_________smoke.A.filled withB.filledC.fill withD.is filled with12.His new book_________next month.A.will be publishedB.is publishingC.is being publishedD.has been published13.The sun_________at night as usual.A.can be seenB.can't be seenC.can't seeD.doesn't see14.A strange sound_________last night.A.was heardB.hearsC.heardD.is heard15.The door_________.Better have it repaired.A.isn't shutB.hasn't been shutC.isn't be shutD.won't shut答案:1-5BBDBC6-10BDBDB11-15AABAD四、翻译下列句子1.应该在春天种树.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我的家乡将要建造许多大楼.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.教室必须每天清扫.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.这种书是为儿童写的.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.来信收到.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.这件外衣是棉的还是羊毛的?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.你的收音机三天内可以修好.8.黑板上的那匹马不可能是林涛画的.____________________________________________________________________________________________答案:1.Trees should be planted in spring.2.Many buildings will be built in my home town.3.The classroom must be cleaned every day.4.Such books are written for children.5.Your letter has been received.6.Is this coat made of cotton or wool?7.Your radio can be mended within three days.8.The hore on the blackboard can't be drawn by Lin Tao.。
2019届广东省中考英语复习课件 第一部分第11章 动词的语态

在 old enough.
时 一般疑问句:Am / Is / Are+主语+过去分词
(+by+动作执行者)
如:Are you told to start at once?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+am / is / are+主
语+过去分词(+by+动作执行者)
如:What is the mac来自ine used for?reported that … 据说 / 据认为 / 据报道…… 如:It’s said that the library has a long history.
据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。
(3)grow表示种植时,有被动语态;grow表示成长、 生长时,没有被动语态。
如:Rice is grown in the south of China. 水稻种植在中国南方。
Great changes took place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。(不能用were taken place)
(2)come out, belong to, break out, spread, appear, disappear也不用被动语态。
如:The CD came out yesterday. 这个CD昨天就发行了。(不能用was come out) The news spread quickly. 消息传播得很快。 (不能用is spread)
将 来 时
一 般 疑 问 句
Will+主语+be+过去分词 如:Will the gift be sent soon? Am / Is / Are+主语+going to+be+过去分词(+by+动作执行者) 如:Is the gift going to be sent soon?
2019届广东省中考英语复习课件 第一部分第10章 动词的时态

2. What are you going to do tonight?
返回
定义:表示过去正在进行的动作 构成:was / were+现在分词 过去进行时 如:Jim was riding a bike along the river with me yesterday afternoon.
返回
现 定义:1. 动作发生在过去,对现在有影响;
He can’t go to sleep until he finishes his work. 他直到完成工作才能去睡觉。
拓展三 一般过去时
表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过 去反复发生的动作。动词常用was / were或实义动词 过去式。实义动词否定式用“didn’t+动词原形”。一 般疑问句用助动词did开头,后面用动词原形。常用 的标志词有:just now, … ago, the other day, at the end of last term, used to, last …, in the old days, in 1998等。
如:They are both fine, and they do sports every morning. 他们两个的身体都很好,而且每天早上都做运动。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东边升起,西边落下。
Laura doesn’t like playing the piano. 劳拉不喜欢弹钢琴。 Does he teach you English? 他教你英语吗?
There will be / There is going to be a football match tomorrow. 明天将有一场足球赛。
2019年中考英语语法总复习课件——动词时态语态(共48张PPT)

一般将来时 (6)下列几种情况只可用shall(will)表将来,而不可用be going to结构。 ①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气地邀请或命令时。 Will you please lend me your pen?请把你的钢笔借我用一下,好吗?
一般将来时 (6)下列几种情况只可用shall(will)表将来,而不可用be going to结构。 ②表示意愿时。 We will help him if he asks us. 如果他愿意,我们会帮助他。
现在完成时 (4)现在完成时与表示一段时间的for短语、since短语或从句等连用时,应注意句中 的谓语动词须是延续性的,而不能是非延续性动词, come→ be here,go→be there,die→be dead, borrow→ keep,buy→have,join→be in,leave→be away, begin to study→study
现在完成时 (5)have been to,have gone to,have been in 的用法区别: have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他 地方,总之,现在已不在该地; have gone to则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点,或在去某地的途中, 或已到了某地,总之现在还未回来; have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟副词时不用in。 --Where is Mrs Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿? --She isn't here.She has gone to England. 她不在这儿。她去了英国。
(只表明“一直在写”,不清楚“是否写完”,也许信还没有写完)
过去进行时 (3)常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有两类: 一类是表过去的“某点”时间,如at that time,this time,last week,“when he came in”类时间状语从句等; 另一类是表过去的“某段”时间,如yesterday morning等。 What were you doing at nine o'clock last Sunday morning? 上周日上午九点钟你在干什么? While John was walking to school,he saw a cat in a tree. 当约翰步行上学时,他看见一只猫在一棵树上。
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考点一㊀ 被动语态的构成和用法
㊀ ㊀ 一 ㊁被动语态的构成 He was heard to sing in his room.
随着主语的人称㊁数㊁时态和语气的不同而变化㊂ 如:
1. 被动语态是由 be+ 动词的过去分词 构成的㊂ 助动词 be
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⑤ Mr King ㊀ A㊀
A.was interviewed ⑥ C.is interviewed
He������s great! He helped so many disabled people.
by the reporters yesterday.
⑨No one knew the boy who ㊀ C㊀ last. A.laughed at
主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格㊂ 并由 by 引导㊂
1. 要将主动句中的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分, 若
2. 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语, 主格变成宾格, 3. 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式㊂
役动词 let,make,have 等后跟省略 to 的不定式, 变为被动句时, 应加上不定式符号 to㊂ He makes the girl stay at home.( 变为被动语态) ң The girl is made to stay at home by him.
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would become a great scientist at B.is laughed
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B.was interviewing D.is interviewing
C.was laughed at
D.was laughed
The food looked bad,but it ㊀ B㊀ OK. B.tasted
⑦If you see the cartoon film,you will ㊀ B㊀ ⑧All the patients in that hospital ㊀ D㊀ A.is taken good care B.are taken good care A.be made B.be made to
二㊁被动语态的用法
以将直接宾语转化成主语㊂ 若将间接宾语转化成主语, 则保留 直接宾语; 若将直接宾语转化成主语, 则保留间接宾语, 且在被 保留的间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for㊂ She gave me a book.( 变为被动语态) ң
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语, 也可
㊀ 动词的语态考题的突破方法:1. 根据句意及主语和谓语的
C.was tasted C.make to
物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态㊂ 但是动词短语是一个 不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时, 不可丢掉构成动词短语的 介词或副词㊂ The old should be spoken to politely.( to 不可省略) ( 四) 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语㊂ 变被动语态时,
许多由不及物动词和介词㊁副词构成的动词短语, 相当于及
4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者㊂ 许多房屋被洪水冲走了㊂
世界上越来越多的人说汉语㊂ ( 强调汉语的广泛使用) Many houses were washed away by the flood.
考点二㊀ 主动语态和被动语态的转换
㊀ ㊀ ( 一) 主动语态变为被动语态
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁㊂ This watch is made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的㊂
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:
I was given a book by her.( 间接宾语 me 转变为主语)
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁㊂ 每年必须种许多树㊂
A.is tasted
So we can������t judge a man by his appearance.
逻辑关系,判断主语是谓语的执行者还是承受者, 从而确定句子 的语态并结合适当的时态灵活解题;2. 熟记主动表被动及不用被 动语态的情况,避免受中文的影响;3. 不要漏掉一些没有具体意思 的虚词,如:固定动词词组的介词或在主动语态中动词不定式作 宾语补足语时省略的 to ㊂ 第五题:由 by the reporters 和 yesterday 可知答案㊂ 第六题: taste 为系动词, 用主动语态表被动意义㊂ 第 七题:使役动词 make 变被动语态,后接的不定式省略掉的 to 需 第九题:laugh at sb. 为固定短语,变被动后 at 不能省略㊂ 还原㊂ 第八题:take care of sb. 为固定短语,变被动后 of 不能省略㊂
有人听到他在他的房间里唱歌㊂ 全世界的人们都喜爱足球运动㊂
Football is enjoyed by people all over the world.
52 ㊀
5 年中考 3 年模拟
㊀ ㊀ 2. 各种时态的主动㊁被动语态的结构如下表( 以动词 do 为例) :
时态 do / does did will / shall / be going to+do am / is / are+doing have / has+done was / were+doing had+done would / should / be going to+do 主动语态 被动语态 am / is / are+done was / were+done will / shall / be going to + be +done am / is / are+being+done have / has+been+done was / were+being+done had+been+done would / should / be going to + be +done 例句 主动语态 We clean the classroom. He made the kite. They will plant trees tomorrow. She is watering flowers. Jim has finished the work. She was writing a letter this time yesterday. Jim had finished the work before he went to school. The 被动语态 ( clean) by us. classroom is ①㊀ cleaned㊀
Many trees must be planted every year.
语)
A book was given to me by her. ( 直接宾语 a book 转变为主 ( 三) 动词短语变为被动语态
3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时㊂
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 现在完成时
The kite was made by him. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. by her. Flowers are ②㊀ being㊀ ( be) watered The work has been ③㊀finished㊀ (finish)by Jim. A letter was being ④㊀ written㊀ ( write) by her this time yesterday. before he went to school. by him. The work had been finished by Jim He said a kite would be made
专题十一㊀ 动词的语态
51 ㊀
专题十一 ㊀ 动词的语态
90
知识结构
一般来说,被动语态由 be+ 动词的过去分词 构成, ì ì ì ï ï ï ï ï ï助动词 be 随着主语的人称㊁数㊁时态和语气的不同而变化 ï ï ï 主动语态:do / does ì ï一般现在时 ï ï ï 被动语态:am / is / are+ 过去分词 ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï 主动语态:did ï一般过去时 ï ï ï 被动语态:was / were+ 过去分词 ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ì主动语态 will / shall+do ï ï ï ï ï be going to+do ï ï一般将来时 ï ï ï被动语态的构成 í í 不同时态主动 ㊁ ï ï ï ï ï被动语态 will / shall+be+ 过去分词 í ï ï被动语态的 ï ï被动语态的变化 ï be going to+be+ 过去分词 î ï í ï ï 构成和用法 ï 主动语态:have / has+ 过去分词 ï ï ï现在完成时 ï 被动语态:have / has+been+ 过去分词 ï ï ï ï ï ï 主语动态:am / is / are+doing ï ï ï ï 现在进行时 ï 动词的语态 í 被动语态:am / is / are+being+ 过去分词 ï ï ï ï ï ï ï过去进行时 主动语态:was / were+doing ï ï ï ï 被动语态:was / were+being+ 过去分词 î î ï ï ï ï 不知道动作的执行者是谁 ì ï ï ï 没必要指出动作的执行者 ï ï被动语态的用法 ï í ï ï ï强调或突出动作的承受者 ï ï ï句子的主语是动作的承受者 î î ï ï ì ì第一步:主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,如果主动句中的 ï ï ï ï ï宾语是人称代词,将其由宾格变为主格 ï ï主动语态变为被动语态 ï í第二步:主动句的主语变为被动句的宾语,主格变为宾格, ï ï ï并且由 by 引导 ï主被动语态转化 í ï ï ï ï第三步:谓语动词变为相应的被动形式 î ï ï 被动语态后动词形式的选择 :如果主动句中存在诸如 see,hear,watch 之类的感官动词以及 ï ï ï ïmake,let,have 等使役动词,后面通常跟省略 to 的不定式,变为被动句时,应当把 to 加上 î î