04~06硕士研究生入学考试试题
04年考研英语真题（题目选项版）
04年考研英语真题（题目选项版）04 Text 141. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 246. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most pe ople are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. Text 351. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 456. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.。
2006,2009年上海大学研究生入学考试人类学试题
5、族群
6、《努尔人》
二、简答题（15*4=60）
1、简述库拉圈交换制度
2、简述巫术指控及其功能
06上海大学人类学理论与方法试题
一、名词解释（每题5分共30分）
1、万物有灵论
2、《金枝》
3、集体表象
4、莫斯
5、本尼迪克特
6、文化相对论
二、简答题（每题15分共60分）
1、简述《古代社会》一书的主要观点
3、简述都市人类学中有关都市社区的早期研究工作
4、简述应用人类学中的福克斯计划
三、论述题（60分，仍选2题）
1、试论述文化人类学理论史上的进化学派
2、试论述政治人类学形成与发展
3、结合个人学习经历谈谈学习文化人类学的体会
06上海大学人类学概论试题
一、名词解释（5*6=30）
1、露西
2、参与观察
3、外婚制
1、试论述千禧年运动
2、试论述你对“全球化”的5年上海大学人类学理论与方法试题
一、名词解释（30分）
1、民族
2、父系继嗣
3、主位与客位
4、《萨摩亚人成年的到来》
5、夸富宴
6、马林诺斯基
二、简答题（60分）
1、简述列维·施特劳斯的联姻理论
2、简述凡·杰内普（Arnold Van Genep）仪式理论
评分标准：男性气质和女性气质的内涵（5分），原因（5分）举例（5分），都市玉男这一现象产生的原因（10分）。
05年上海大学人类学概论硕士试题
一名词解释（30分
1、文化相对论
2、族群
3、参与观察
4、《西太平洋的航海者》
5、维柯斯计划
6、莫斯
二、简答题（60分）
1、简述波兰尼经济人类学的基本观点
新闻学硕士
北京大学新闻史论（614）+新闻实务（847）<跨考胜经>全套考研资料第一部分历年真题及答案1-1硕士研究生入学考试试题。
2001-2003年新闻学基础知识，2002年新闻理论与新闻业务，2001-2006年新闻学，暂无答案。
（本项不单卖，购买全套赠送此项）注：该专业近几年学校官方不出售历年试题，最新真题更新请大家关注跨考考研论坛，真题会随时在网站更新，大家下载即可使用。
第二部分专业课笔记、讲义等内部资料2-1新闻传播理论与实践笔记。
本科生课堂笔记，手写版，共27页￥402-2《外国新闻史》笔记。
本科生课堂笔记，手写版，共50页￥502-3《新闻事业简史》笔记。
本科生课堂笔记，手写版，共28页￥402-4中国新闻史辅导笔记。
手写版，共56页￥60注：报名辅导班请登录跨考网进行详细咨询。
全套资料包含以上所有资料，套餐优惠价：￥168指定参考书目此科目没有提供参考书目适用学院/专业——新闻与传播学院新闻学(050301)中国人民大学新闻传播史论（612）<跨考胜经>全套考研资料第一部分历年真题及答案1-12000年-2010年硕士研究生入学考试试题。
由于出题老师固定，历年真题参考价值很大。
该专业近几年学校官方不出售历年试题，最新真题更新请大家关注跨考论坛，只要收集到我们即会在网站更新，大家可下载使用。
第二部分专业课笔记、讲义等内部资料2-1中国新闻传播事业史本科生笔记。
出题老师授课，非常全面和清晰。
手写版，共29页￥402-2新闻传播考点精要汇集。
内部参考资料，介绍了传播理论考点、外新史考点等众多考试点。
打印版，共39页￥402-3外国新闻史复习要点。
陈立丹版《世界新闻传播史》复习要点，条理性好，重点突出。
打印版，共17页￥302-4新闻史硕士课程大纲。
中国人民大学新闻史研究生资料，硕士课程同样为研究生入学考试复习的重点，内容详实，包括中国史和外国史两部分，主题分明。
打印版，共58页￥352-5新闻学重点笔记。
硕士研究生考试英语专业考试真题
大连外国语学院2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学（A卷）考生请注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，将标号写清楚。
写在试卷上不给分。
I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true or F if they false(20 points)1. The design features of human languages include only creativity and displacement.2. The bow-wow theory, the pooh-pooh theory and the “yo-he-ho” theory are well-established theory with adequate supportive evidences.3. Recreational function and metalingual function are the most important functions of language.4. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.5. Macrolinguistics is of interdisciplinary nature.6. Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics study speech sounds.7. Fictive is among the eleven places of articulation which are distinguished on the IPA chart.8. A physically definable unit, the common factor underlying a set of forms, and a grammatical unit are used to discuss the definition of “word”.9. Broadening, narrowing, meaning shift, class shift and semantic change contribute to change in sentence meaning.10. In Saussure’s view, language is a system of sings, each of which consists of two parts: SIGNIFIED (sound image) and SIGNIFER (concept).11. Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the ways sounds are combined to form sentences in a language.12. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized－sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation with the technical terms of synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy respectively.13. Pairs of words like buy-sell and lend-borrow belong to complementary antonymy.14. Cognitive psycholinguistics is concerned with making inferences about the content of the human mind.15. The theory of CONTEXT OF SITUATION can be summarized as follows: the relevant features of the participants, the relevant object and the effects of the verbal action.16. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.17. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is termed literary stylistics.18. CAI aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas CAL emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order to help the learner achieve educational objectives.19. Communicative Competence has two components: appropriateness and performance.20. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of FUCTION.II. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter (20points)1. A______ of language makes it potentially creative, and conventionality of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language , it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.2. Speaking of the manners of articulation, p______ is complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth..3. V______ is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is [k] as in “cat”.4. The principle of a______ creation can account for the co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.5. G______ is a type of control over the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions.6. P______ logic is the study of the truth conditions for propositions: how the truth ofa composite proposition is determined by the truth of value of its constituent propositions and the connections between them.7. The principle of r______ is defined as every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance.8. Assonance describes s______ with a common vowel (cVc).9. The type of l______ constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as interlanguage.10. E______ is the grammatically incorrect form; mistake appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.III. Mark the choice that best completes the statement (20points)1. The dog barks wow wow in English but wangwangwang in Chinese. This indicates the ______ relationship between the sound of a morpheme and its meaning.A. arbitraryB. dualC. creativeD. displaced2. The _______function of language is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something.A. recreationalB. emotiveC. interpersonalD. performative3. ______ are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.A. V owelsB. Semi-vowelsC. ConsonantsD. Semi-consonants4. There are two possibilities of assimilation. If a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, we call it ____ assimilation.A. progressiveB. precedingC. precedingD. regressive5. The term ___ refers to those words that consist of more than one lexical morpheme, or the way to join two separation words to produce a single form.A. compoundB. derivationC. inventionD. blending6. ___ refers to a type of word-forming where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.A. BorrowingB. Back-formationC. AcronymD. Analogical creation7. ___, also known agreement, maybe defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.A. tenseB. aspectC. concordD. government8. The ___ construction is defined as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents, such as “on the shelf”.A. endocentricB. exocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate9. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the ___ theory.A. integratedB. sense relationC. subordinateD. coordinate10. Ogden and Richards proposes a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct, but it is mediated by ____.A. triangleB. conceptC. meaningD. referential11. ___ describes the additional ease with which a word is accessed due to its more frequent usage in the language.A. Cohort TheoryB. Frequency EffectC. Recency EffectD. Context Effect12. General context effect occurs when our ___ knowledge about the world influences language comprehension.A. generalB. specificC. discourseD. text13. Language may determine our thinking patterns. This is part of the ___.A. Sapir-Whorf HypothesesB. Cross-Cultural Communication theoryC. Context of situation theoryD. Ethnography of Communication theory14. ____ may be said to equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.A. LocutionaryB. Perloculationary ActC. Illocutionary principleD. Performatives15. Which of the following are not the four categories of maxims introduced by Grice?A. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. obscurity16. Make your contribution necessary and say no more than you must. This is the ___ proposed by Horn.A. Q-principleB. R-principleC. Cooperative principleD. Q-based principle17. The person who tells the story may also be a character in the fictional world of the story, relating the story after the event. In this case, the critics call the narrator ___. A. third-person narrator B. I-narratorC. First narratorD. Indirect narrator18. ___ deals with the principles and practice of using a large body of machine-readable texts in language study.A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. PragmaticsD. Corpus linguistics19. Classified by different aims, there are four types of test. Which is not one of them?A. AptitudeB. Attitude testC. Proficiency testD. achievement test20. Chomsky believes that language is somewhat innate, and that children are born with what he calls a ___.DB.MTC. S→R R→SD. ESTⅣ. Match each in Column A with a term in Column B that best describes it (10 points)Ⅴ. Write out the scholar that is closely connected with the concept or theory (10 points)Ⅵ. Analyze two possible interpretations of the following ambiguous expressions by IC Analysis (10 points) Leave the boy at homeⅦ. Explain the following concepts or theories (20 points)1. Language and parole (4 points)2. Morpheme (4 points)3. Explain the three major strands of psycholinguistics research comprehension, production and acquisition (4 points)4. Stress (at word level) (4 points)5. Computational linguistics (4 points)Ⅷ. Essay questions (40 points)1. Illustrate arbitrariness of language with examples. (10 points)2. What is “compound”? Illustrate it with examples from English. (10 points)3. Illustrate Austin’s claim about the type of sentences “performtives”. (10 points)4. What are the contributions of sociolinguistics to language teaching? (10 points)。
上财2006经济学试题
上 海 财 经 大 学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：经济学报考专业：各专业试题编号：411答案做在答题纸上试卷上答题无效（共6页）一、判断题（每小题1分，共20分）1、当生产成本增加时，垄断者的利润不会下降，因为垄断者总是可以向消费者索取更高的价格。
2、经过单调变换，效用函数仍能反映原有的偏好。
3、将社会资源平均分配是帕累托有效的。
4、如果两种商品是替代品，那么交叉价格弹性总是为负。
5、在垄断竞争市场上，因为所以每个企业都有一定的垄断权力。
6、伯特兰（Bertrand）竞争的纳什均衡结果与完全竞争下的结果相同。
7、每一个博弈至少存在一个纯战略纳什均衡。
8、禁止垄断者价格歧视将提高消费者剩余。
9、道德风险是由隐蔽信息（隐蔽类型）引起的。
10、为实现一定的税额，政府需对消费者征税。
在这种情况下，消费者更希望政府向他征收一个固定的税额，而不希望政府对他购买的某一种商品征收商品销售税。
11、如果边际消费倾向增加，国民收入将会减少。
12、政府储蓄等于国民储蓄减去私人储蓄。
13、实际货币供给增加可以通过价格水平的提高或者是名义货币供给的增加来达到。
14、在费雪的两期消费模型中，利率上升意味着储蓄的回报率提高，因此储蓄必然增加。
15、无论从短期还是从长期来看，通货膨胀率由货币供给增长率、货币流通速度变化率和产出的增长率所决定。
16、根据粘性工资模型，总供给曲线之所以向右上方倾斜，是因为使利润上涨的事件并不都会使工资上涨。
17、当某国的净资本流出增加时，它使该国的国民储蓄增加。
二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共40分）地址：上海市国定路506号104室（上财国定路大门向南200米）邮编：20043321、由多数投票决定的社会偏好不具备下列哪一个特性A．非独裁关系；B．帕累托有效；C．传递性；D．以上特性都是。
22、下表为两种商品分别在第一年和第二年的物价和消费量，根据显示性偏好弱公理，（x1，x2）应为商品A 商品B价格数量价格数量第1年 3 3 1 x1第2年 1 2 2 x2 A．（1，2）B．（2，7）C．（1，3）D．（5，8）23、下列哪一点为库尔诺（Cournot）均衡的特性。
东南大学材料学院考研 2004年硕士研究生入学试题
题四图题五图
五、根据所示的铁碳平衡相图，回答以下问题：
1、写出在1154℃、1148℃、738℃和727℃发生的三相平衡反应的反应式；
2、按亚稳态相图，叙述含碳量为0.4%的Fe－C合金在高于液相先温度平衡冷却到室温时
发生的两相和三相平衡转变（可用热分析曲线表示），并画出室温组织的示意图；
3、计算含碳量为1.5％的Fe－C合金中二次渗碳体的百分数。
（10分）
六、根据下图所示的三元相图的投影图，回答以下问题：（10分）
1、该相图中的四相平衡区在什么范围内？（用字母表示）
2、组成该三元系的三个二元系中是否都有三相平衡反应？若有，则写出每个二元中三相平
衡反应的反应式；
3、写出图中成分为O的合金在平衡冷却过程中发生四相平衡反应的反应式；并说明在四相
平衡反应前合金所在的相区及发生的平衡转变的反应式；
题六图题七图
七、图中所示的含Pb为15％的Sn－Sb－Pb三元相图的垂直截面中，温度为200℃的水平线上发生什么样的平衡反应？写出反应式。
在水平线的上方和下方各有几个三项区？写出每个
三元相图液相面投影图，写出在P和E T两点发生的四相平衡反
若平均晶粒直径为1mm和0.0625mm的纯铁的屈服强度分别为112.7MPa
0.0196mm的纯铁的屈服强度为多少？（8分）
有一低碳钢零件，试分析对其渗C时温度选取930℃和870℃的利弊。
2004考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析
13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will ________. [A] show the beauty of its own [B] develop more associations [C] lose the original meaning [D] help form the baby’s personality
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)
commit crimes in 大 24 家 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,
大 25 家 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged
2006年考研英语二真题和答案
2006年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary （10 points ）Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence Then blacken thecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. In some countries girls are still_____ of a good education.A. denied.B. declinedC. derivedD. deprived2. As the years passed, the memories of her childhood______ away.A. fadedB. disappearedC. flashedD. fired3. Brierley’s book has the________ of being both informative and readable.A. inspirationB. requirementsC. mythD. merit4. If I have any comments to make, I’ll write them in the ______of the book I’m readingA. edgeB. pageC. marginD. side5. My ________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat.A. consciousnessB. consequenceC. constitutionD. conscience6. When the post fell _______, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.A. emptyB. vacantC. hollowD. bare7. Mother who takes care of everybody is usually the most _________person in each family.A. considerateB. considerableC. consideringD. constant8. For ten years the Greeks _______the city of Troy to separate it from the outside.A. capturedB. occupiedC. destroyedD. surrounded9. Other guests at yesterday's opening, which was broadcast______ by the radio station, includedAnne Mclntosh and the Mayor.A. liveB. aliveC. livingD. lively10.A New Zealand man was recently _____ to life imprisonment for the murder of an Englishtourist, Monica Cantwell.A. punishedB. accusedC. sentencedD. put11.The past 22 years have really been amazing, and every prediction we've made aboutimprovements have all come____A. trulyB. trueC. truthD. truthful12.The teachers tried to ______these students that they could solve the complicated problem,however, they just didn’t see the point.A. convinceB. encourageC. consultD. concern13.I'm _________ to think that most children would like their teachers to be their friends ratherthan their commanders.A. subjectedB. supposedC. declinedD. inclined14. She is under the impression that he isn’t a ________ person for he wouldn’t tell her wher when he went to university.A. geniusB. generousC. genuineD. genetic15. The first glasses of Coca-Cola were drunk in 1886. The drink was first _____by a US chemistcalled John PembertonA. formedB. madeC. foundD. done16.These two chemicals ______with each other at a certain temperature to produce a substance which could cause an explosion.A. interactB. attractC. reactD. expel17. ________they can get people in the organization to do what must he done, they will not succeed.A. SinceB. UnlessC. IfD. Whether18. Once you have started a job, you should do it__________.A. in practiceB. in theoryC. in earnestD. in a hurry19. Although the new library service has been very successful, its future is ______certain.A. at any rateB. by no meansC. by all meansD. at any cost20.To my surprise, at yesterday's meeting he again ________the plan that had been disapproved a week before.A. brought aboutB. brought outC. brought upD. brought downSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWET SHEET with a pencil. Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices, 21 that businesses were still protecting consumers 22 the full brunt (冲击) of higher energy costs.The Producer Price Index, 23 measures what producers receive for goods and services,24 1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double 25 economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding 26 and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent, 27 than the 0.1 percent that economists had 28 .Much of that increase was a result of an 29 increase in car and truck prices.On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the 30 that consumers paid for goods and services in July were 31 0.5 percent over all, and up 0.1 percent, excluding food and energy.32 the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices 33 caused by energy costs, which increased 4.4 percent in the month. (Wholesale food prices 34 0.3 percent in July. 35 July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4.6 percent, the core rate 36 2.8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995.Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index 37 businesses recoup (补偿) higher costs from customers. 38 for much of this expansion, which started 39 the end of 2001, that has not been the 40 . In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products21. A. indicate B. to indicate C. indicating D. indicated22. A. of B. to C. by D. from23. A. that B. which C. it D. this24. A. rise B. rises C. rose D. raised25.A. that B. what C. which D. this26. A. food B. grain C. crop D. diet27. A. less B. lower C. higher D. more28. A. said B. reported C. calculated D. forecast29. A. expectable B. unexpected C. expectation D. expecting30. A. prices B. costs C. charges D. values31. A. down B. from C. to D. up32. A. Much B. Most C. Most of D. Much of33. A. was B. were C. is D. are34. A. fall B. fell C. falls D. has fallen35. A. Comparing with B. In comparison C. Compared with D. Compare to36. A. dropped B. declined C. lifted D. climbed37. A. as B. so C. while D. when38. A. And B. But C. Yet D. Still39. A. at B. by C. in D. to40. A. condition B. situation C. matter D. caseSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4passages in this part. Each passage os followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marded A, B, C, and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Office jobs are among the positions hardest hit by compumation (计算机自动化). Word processors and typists will lose about 93,000 jobs over the next few years, while 57,000 secretarialjobs will vanish. Blame the PC: Today, many executives type their own memos and carry their：“secretaries”in the palms of their hands. Time is also hard for stock clerks, whose ranks are expected to decrease by 68,000. And employees in manufacturing firms and wholesalers are beingreplaced with computerized systems.But not everyone who loses a job will end up in the unemployment line. Many will shift to growingpositions within their own companies. When new technologies shook up the telecomm business, telephone operator Judy Dougherty pursued retraining. She is now a communications technician,earning about $ 64,000 per year. Of course, if you've been a tollbooth collector for the past 30 years,and you find yourself replaced by an E¬-ZPass machine, it may be of little consolation(安慰)to know that the telecomm field is booming.And that's just it: The service economy is fading; welcome to the expertise(专门知识) economy. To succeed in the new job market, you must be able to handle complex problems. Indeed, all but oneof the 50 highest-paying occupations---air-traffic controller---de mand at least a bachelor’s degree. For those with just a high school diploma(毕业证书),It's going to get tougher to find a well-payingjob. Since fewer factory and clerical jobs will be available, what's left will be the jobs that compumation can’t kill: Computers can’t clean offices ,or care for Alzheimer's patients(老年痴呆病人). But ,since most people have the skills to fill those positions, the wages stay painfullylow ,meaning compumation could drive an even deeper wedge (楔子) between the rich and poor.The best advice now: Never stop learning ,and keep up with new technology.For busy adults, of course, that can be tough. The good news is that the very technology that's reducing so many jobs is also making it easier to go back to school without having to sit in a classroom. So-called Internet distance learning is hot, with more than three million students currently enrolled , and it’s gaining credibility with employers.Are you at risk of losing your job to a computer ? Check the federal Bureau of LaborStatistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, which is available online at bls. gov.41、From the first paragraph we can infer that all of the following persons are easily thrown into unemployment EXCEPT.A. secretariesB. stock clerksC. managersD. wholesalers42、In the second paragraph the author mentions the tollbooth collector toA. mean he will get benefits from the telecomm fieldB. show he is too old to shift to a new positionC. console him on having been replaced by a machineD. blame the PC for his unemployment43.By saying “┅compumation could drive an even deeper wedge between the rich and poor ”(line 5, Para. 4) the author meansA. people are getting richer and richerB. there will be a small gap between rich and poorC. the gap between rich and poor is getting larger and largerD. it’s time to close up the gap between the rich and poor44、What is the author's attitude towards computers?A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. prejudiced45、Which of the following might serve as the best title of passage?A. Blaming the PCB. The booming telecomm fieldC. Internet distance leaningD. Keeping up with compumationQuestion 46 to 50 are based on the following passage：Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates .Their validitywill be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate(半文盲)Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational –repair shops—adult–literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduatesand high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school, They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump cardof failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Until Mrs. Stifter.Our son was high-school senior when he had her for English. ―He sits in the back of the roomrow? ‖ I urged, believing talking to his friends.‖ she told me, ―Why don't you move him to the frontthe embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, 'I don't move seniors. I flunk (使┅不及格) them. ' Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for thesed my son.times, but, well, Why n ot? ―She's going to flunk you.‖ I tolI did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority (头等重要) in his life. Hefinished out the semester with an A.I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angryfor having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of averageIintelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.‖ should have been held back,‖ is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are thosestudents whoare high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class.‖ I don’t know how I ever got high-school diploma.‖ Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expectgraduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if theycome from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school firston their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated bythe desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear offailure.People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Youngpeople generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult studentsvalue it. But fear of failure can motivate both.46.What is the subject of this essay?A. view point on learningB. a qualified teacherC. the importance of examinationD. the generation gap47.How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?A. flunking himB. moving his seatC. blaming himD. playing card with him48.The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is toA. purify the teaching environments .B. set up cooperation between teachers and parents.C. hold back student.D. motivate student.49. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that the authors’ attitude toward flunking isA. negativeB. positiveC. biasedD. indifferent50. Judging from the content, this passage is probably written forA. administratorsB. studentsC. teachersD. parentsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. Ascolleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want orreflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College ofNew Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to studentsfrom throughout the state.―All I hear in higher education is, Brand, brand, brand,‖ said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago thatworks with universities and other nonprofit organizations. ―There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.‖ Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course . In 1997 , the New School for SocialResearch became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges,offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music ,urban studies and management. But NewYorkers continued to call it the New School .Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s crhas come upof ―naming structures.‖―brand architecture‖ and ― identity systems,‖ the universitywith a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos (标识)，banners,business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the NewSchool.”Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. Inaltering its name from Cal State. Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project itsexpanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University atPucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduateprograms and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break theconnection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some joke s about the college’s old nameon late-night television and ―morning zoo‖ radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. AtArcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student's test score has increased by 60points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.51. which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A. They prefer higher education competitionB. They try to gain advantage in market share.C. They want to project their image.D. They hope to make some changes.52. It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade isA. the brand.B. the college namesC. the concept of marketingD. list of majors.53.The phrase ' come up with'(Line 3, Para. 4) probably meansA. catch up withB. deal withC. put forwardD. come to the realization54 The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the universityA. is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC. prefers to reform its reaching programsD. expects to enlarge its campus55.According to the spokeswoman, the name change of Beaver CollegeA. turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has transformed its statusQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:It looked just like another aircraft from the outside .The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.Inside, the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling ,it looked a bit strange. There were almost no windows, but lights along the padded walls illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear.For 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency .The challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions.For the next two hours, the flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lose its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth. The invention was to achieve weightlessness for a few seconds.The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engines cut our and we became weightless. Everything became confused and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After ten seconds of free-fall descent (下降) the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.Each time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless, a new team conducted its experiment. First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet. Then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if it could be used for building a future space station. The Americans had an idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellites.After two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments, the predominant feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat.56、What did the writer say about the plane?.A、It had no seats.B、It was painted white.C、It had no windows.D、The outside was misleading.57、According to the writer ，how did the young scientists feel before the flight？A、sickB、keenC、nervousD、impatient58、what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off？A、He quickly climbed and then stopped the engines.B、He climbed and then made the plane fall slowly.C、He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.D、He climbed and then made the plane turn over.59.Acoording to the passage, the purpose of being weightless was toA. see what conditions are like in spaceB. prepare the young scientists for future work in spaceC. show the judges of the competition what they could doD. make the teams try out their ideas60.this passage was written toA. encourage young people to take up scienceB. describe the process of a scientific competitionC. show scientists what young people can doD. report on a new scientific techniqueSection IV Translation (20 point)Directions: in this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEETThe smooth landing of shuttle (航天飞机) Discovery ended a flight that was successful in almost every respect but one: the dislodging of a big chunk of foam, like the one that doomed the Columbia. This flight was supposed to vault the shuttle fleet back into space after a prolonged grounding for repairs. But given the repeat of the very problem that two years of retooling was supposed to resolve, the verdict is necessarily mixed.(61) Once again, the space agency has been forced to put off the flight until it can find a solution to the problem, and no one seems willing toguess how long that may take .The Discovery astronauts performed superbly during their two-week mission, and the shuttle looked better than ever in some respects. (62) Space officials were justifiably happy that so muchhad gone well, despite daily worries over possible risks. The flight clearly achieved its prime objectives.The astronauts transferred tons of cargo to the international space station, which has been limping along overhead with a reduced crew and limited supplies carried up on smaller Russian spacecraft. (63) They replaced a broken device, repaired another and carted away a load of rubbish that had been left on the station, showing the shuttle can bring full loads back down from space.This was the most scrutinized shuttle flight ever, with the vehicle undergoing close inspection while still in orbit. (64) New sensing and photographic equipment to look for potentially dangerous damage to the sensitive external skin proved valuable .A new back flip maneuver allowed station astronauts to photograph the shuttle's underbelly, and an extra-long robotic arm enabled astronauts see parts of the shuttle that were previously out of sight.(65).The flood of images and the openness in discussing its uncertainties about potential hazards sometimes made it appear that the shuttle was about to fall apart. In the end the damage was clearly tolerable. A much-touted spacewalk to repair the shuttle's skin-the first of its kind- moved anastronaut close enough to pluck out some protruding material with his hand. Preliminary evidence indicates that Discovery has far fewer nicks and gouges than shuttles on previous flights, perhaps showing that improvements to reduce the shedding of debris from the external fuel tank have had some success.Section V Writing (20 points)Directions: in this section .you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes .You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.参考答案：词汇：1——5 D A D C D 6——10 B A D A C11——15 B B D A B16——20 A B C B C 完型填空：21——25 C D B C B26——30 A C D B A31——35 D D A B C36——40 D A C A D阅读理解：41——45 C B C A D 46——50 A A D B C51——55 A C C A C 56——60 A C A D A61）航天部门被迫再次推迟飞行，直到找到问题的解决办法。
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武汉大学资源与环境科学学院环境工程专业
04~06硕士研究生入学考试试题
2004年环境工程专业硕士研究生入学考试试题
一、填空（每空0.5分，共18分）
1. 固体废物按来源可以分为（），（），（），（），（）。
2. 固体废物分选可分为筛选（），（），（），（），（），（）。
3. 固体废物的处置可分为（）和（）两大类。
4. 固体废物处理方法有（），（），（），（），（）。
5. 按破碎固体废物所用的外力，即消耗能量的形式破碎方法可分为（）和（）
两大类。
6. 逆温的形式有（），（），（），（），（）。
7. 点除尘器的结构一般由（），（），（）和（）等组成。
8. 集气罩的型式有（），（），（），（），（）。
9. 对于脉冲喷吹清灰，其清灰和滤尘过程（）进行；对于气流反吹清灰，其清
灰和滤尘过程（）进行。
二、问答题
1. 为什么要对固体废物进行破碎处理？（7分）
2. 固体废物的焚烧和热解有什么区别？（7分）
3. 简述好氧堆肥的主要影响因素。
（7分）
4. 简述污泥中的水分及分离方法。
（7分）
5. 汽车尾气中主要的污染物有什么？如何处理？写出反应方程式。
（10分）
6. 影响烟流抬升高度的因素主要有哪些？是如何影响的?（10分）
7. 择性催化还原法净化NOx中的还原剂是什么？其基本原理是什么？写出反应
方程式。
（10分）
8. 气浮分离主要是去除废水中哪些污染物，需要满足哪些条件？（8分）
9. 什么是水体自净？有哪些自净过程？（8分）
10.臭氧氧化法是一种较为新型废水处理方法，影响臭氧处理效果的主要因素主
要有哪些？（8分）
三、论述题
1. 叙述电除尘器电晕放电的机理，分析影响电晕特性的因素主要是什么？是如
何影响的？（12分）
2. 何谓废物固化？废物为什么要进行固化？怎么样进行固化？（12分）
3. 废水中的氮以几种形式存在，试详述生物脱氮的机理。
（11分）
四、计算题（15分）
如果活性污泥法曝气池的混合液悬浮固体浓度（MLSS）为2.0g/L，混合液在1000毫升量筒中经30分钟沉淀后的污泥量为180ml，试计算污泥指数，所需污泥的回流比及回流污泥中的悬浮固体浓度；如剩余污泥经浓缩后含水率由99%下降到97%，则体积变为多少？
2005年环境工程专业硕士研究生入学考试试题
一、填空（每空1分，共15分）
1. 污泥指数SVI是衡量活性污泥的（）特性，其实质是指在曝气池的混合液沉
淀（）分钟后，每单位重量（）形成的湿污泥体积。
其单位为（）。
2. 气浮法工艺必须满足的三个基本条件是选（），（），（）。
3. 风速岁高度增加而（），在北半球风向岁高度增加而（）。
4. 电除尘器的结构一般由（），（），（），（）等组成。
5. 对于脉冲喷吹清灰，其清灰和滤尘过程（）进行，而对于气流反吹清灰，其
清灰和滤尘过程（）进行。
二：问答题（91分）
1. 画出A2/O生物脱氮工艺流程图，并叙述其脱氮除磷工作过程。
（9分）
2. 污泥脱水和污泥浓缩各有哪些主要方法，2者的作用有何区别？（8分）
3. 以海水淡化为例，简述电渗析法的基本原理。
（10分）
4. 简述破碎比，破碎段的含义。
总破碎比如何计算？（6分）
5. 怎样评定危险飞舞固化的效果？（6分）
6. 固体飞舞的焚烧和热解有何区别？（6分）
7. 简述好氧堆肥的主要影响因素。
（6分）
8. 简述固化飞舞燃烧过程中三种不同的燃烧方式。
（6分）
9. 简述我国关于控制固体废物污染的技术政策。
（6分）
10.电除尘器中反电晕是如何发生的？分析其发生原因。
给出防止反电晕的几种
途径。
（10分）
11.简要介绍在煤炭燃烧过程中，SO2 ，NO和烟尘产生的过程及特点。
（10分）
12.简要介绍城市热岛环流形式的原因及对城市大气污染的影响。
（8分）
三、论述题（28分）
1. 石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺的过程有哪几步？写出主要化学反应方程式，
结合当前我国烟气脱硫的现状，简述其特点。
（14分）
2. 城市垃圾长用的处理方法有哪几种？各有什么优缺点？结合我国的国情分析
那种处理方法应优先发展。
（14分）
四、计算题（16分）
某城市污水处理厂最大设计流量43200m3/d，设计人口250000人，沉淀时间为1.50h，水平流速为3.70mm/s，表面负荷为2.0m3/(m2*h)。
污泥量为25g/(人*d)，污泥含水率为95%，拟采用平流式沉淀池，请计算平流式沉淀池各部分尺寸。
2006年环境工程专业硕士研究生入学考试试题
一、问答题（共15小题，共115分）
1. 固体废物的焚烧和热解有何区别？（5分）
2. 简述有机物的厌氧发酵过程。
（5分）
3. 怎样评定危险废物的固化效果？（5分）
4. 略述粉煤灰的活性含义，说明其活性激发机理。
（5分）
5. 简述固体废物的最终处置的要求及分类。
（5分）
6. 简述活性污泥降解废水中有机物的过程，构成活性污泥法的基本要素有哪
些？各起什么作用？（8分）
7. 厌氧处理一般用来处理什么样污水控制反应进行是哪个阶段？为什么在厌氧
处理中酸化细菌和甲烷细菌能共存？（8分）
8. 混凝是水处理中常规使用的方法，混凝处理原理是什么？完成混凝过程所需
要的设备有哪些？（8分）
9. 磷是造成水体富营养化的主要原因，目前在污水处理中除磷的方法主要有哪
些？（8分）
10.水处理中常用膜分离技术有哪些？膜技术在水处理中发规模使用还需要解决
哪些问题？（8分）
11.在冬季晴天的情况下，城市SO2浓度是岁时间而变化的，一般在上午8：
30--10：00时浓度达到最大，试从气象，大气扩散等方面分析为什么会栽种个时间出现浓度最大值？（9分）
12.汽车尾气中主要污染物是什么？如何处理？写出反映式。
（9分）
13.常用的除尘器有哪几种？请选择说明其中一种除尘器的除尘过程。
（10分）
14.粉尘比电阻对电除尘器性能的影响如何？（10分）
15.湿式石灰石石膏法脱硫工艺原理是什么？分析在石灰石石膏法脱硫技术中影
响系统结垢的因素，给出防止系统结垢的几种途径。
（12分）
二、计算题（10分）
某固体飞舞含可燃物60%，水分20%，惰性物20%。
固体废物的元素组成为碳28%，氢4%，氧23%，氮4%，硫1%，水分20%，灰分20%。
假设（1）固体废物的热值为11630kJ/kg；（2）炉栅残渣含碳两5%；（3）空气进入炉的温度为65摄矢度；（4）残渣的热比为0.323kJ/(kg*奢侈度)；（5）水的汽化潜热为2420kJ/kg；（6）辐射损失为总炉输入热量的0.5%；（7）碳的热值为32564kJ/kg，试计算这种废物燃烧后可利用的热值。
（提示：计算水的汽化潜热时候，考虑固废中氢与氧结合生成水的量）
三、论述题（共2小题，共25分）
1. 由于人口的增加和经济的发展，水环境污染已成为影响人们生活质量进一步
提高和工农业良性发展的重要因素，你认为解决城市生活污水水污染水体的出路有哪些？（10分）
2. 全面阐述我国关于控制固体废物污染的技术政策；从可持续发展的理念，分
析我国城市垃圾处理应采用的方法。
（15分）。