2015年丰台区高三年级第一学期期末语文试卷 含答案
北京市2015届高三上学期期末考试语文试题5份(东城西城海淀朝阳丰台)Word版含答案
目录东城区2014—2015学年第一学期期末教学统一检测 (1)北京市西城区2014－2015学年度第一学期期末试卷 (10)海淀区高三年级第一学期期末练习 (23)2015届北京市朝阳区高三第一学期期末统一考试 (34)丰台区2014～2015学年度第一学期期末练习 (46)东城区2014—2015学年第一学期期末教学统一检测高三语文本试卷共8页，共150分。
考试时长150分钟。
考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、本大题共6小题，共17分。
阅读下面的文字，按要求完成1-6题。
中国的谜语源远流长。
好谜语的审美标准，移植严复翻译《天演论》时提出的“信、达、雅”三字就很恰当。
“信”，指谜作的内容要求。
整条谜作要符合情理、文理和谜语本身的内在逻辑．。
“达”，可以依据字典解说为三层意思：一是通达，指谜面文义要通顺，谜思要通明，谜路要通畅；二是全面，达观，扣合妥贴．，无断章取义．．．．、支．离破碎、穿凿牵强．等缺陋；三是达到，实现，指谜作的艺术构思能够达到预期的效果。
“雅”，包含的内容远比前二者丰富和深厚。
第一，是正确，合乎规范，所谓“雅者，正也”（《毛诗序》）；第二，是高尚，美好，“正而有美德者谓之雅”（《荀子·荣辱》注）；第三，才是文雅，高雅，即我们一般人理解的雅致．、优雅。
这还是第二义引申．出来的意思。
因此，“雅”不仅指对形式美的追求，还应指对谜作思想性方面的要求：首先，谜作的思想甲(格调/腔调)一定要正确；其次，内容乙（方向/倾向）要健康，立意要积极向上，不能矮化道德水准，放任庸俗、低俗、粗俗的问题存在。
另外，就“雅”所包含的丙（形式/形势）美感这一层，要包括谜面、谜底、谜目以及标注的谜格。
如果谜底不“雅”、褒．贬失当，谜目拉杂不堪、混浊不清，都将损害谜作的品位。
因此，“雅”主要是指对谜作思想内涵的要求。
谜语，其闪光点在于创意，它要求创作者能大胆突破固有的思维定势，另辟．蹊径，更新理念，变革技法，充分运用汉字的音、形、义等多种变化，以及之间具有的丁（奇妙/微妙）关系和特点，创造新的语境，力求特立独行．．．．，成就别出心裁．．．．的佳作，使中华谜作不断推．陈出新．．．，走入新的境界，迈向新的高峰。
2015届丰台区高三上学期期末练习英语试题
丰台区2014-2015学年度高三第一学期期末练习第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）21. I missed supper_______I’m starving!A. butB. andC. orD. for22. The doctor asked him___________ the amount of salt in his diet.A. to reduceB. reduceC. reducedD. reducing23. Facebook is a place where you can share _________is going on in your life with friends.A. howB. whetherC. whoD. what24. She _________the sign language before she served as a volunteer to help the deaf.A. learnsB. has learnedC. was learningD. had learned25.----______you___ TV at the moment?---- No. You can turn it off.A. Did; watchB. Are; watchingC. Do; watchD. Have; watched26. I’ll wear a red jacket________ you can see me easily.A. in caseB. so thatC. now thatD. if only27. With my mother's________ words in my mind, I never doubt I'll succeed.A. inspiredB. inspireC. inspiringD. to inspire28. His mother made Greg orange juice every day, _______would help his recovery.A. whichB. whoC. whenD. that29. ______ in the training, Marbury couldn't play in the basketball season.A. InjuringB. InjureC. InjuredD. To injure30. They reached the top of the mountain__________ they could see the highway wandering before them.A. whichB. whyC. whoseD. where31. ----Can we sit at the table by the window?----I'm sorry, but it_______ alreadyA. has takenB. has been takenC. was takenD. took32. Judging from his accent, he_______ be from Australia.A. needn'tB. mustn'tC. can'tD. wouldn't33. People planted trees on the waste hills_________ water and soil loss.A. to decreaseB. decreasingC. decreasedD. decrease34. They met for the first time, but they talked happily as if they______ good friends for a long time.A. have beenB. wereC. areD. had been35. Don't put your bicycle______ the window. The glass can be easily broken.A. againstB. withC. beyondD. for21. B 22.A 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34.D 35.A第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，共30分）Bobby was getting cold sitting in his backyard in the snow. His shoes had a few holes and did a poor job of keeping out the__36___. He had been out for about an hour already, ___37__ he could not come up with an idea for his mo ther’s Christmas gift. He had no money to spend.Ever since his father had passed away three years ago, the family had ___38___. The small wage of her mother could___39___ make ends meet.What the family lacked in ___40___ they made up for in love. Bobby' s sisters, clever with hands, had already__41___ beautiful gifts for their mother by themselves. But Bobby had nothing. Here it was Christmas Eve already.Standing up, Bobby walked to the street. It wasn't ___42__ being six without a father, especially when he needed a man to talk to. He walked from shop to shop. Everything seemed so beautiful and so out of___43___.It was getting dark and Bobby turned to walk home when___44__ his eyes caught something shining on the ground. He reached down and ___45___ a shiny dime(a coin of ten cents).Never before has anyone felt so ___46__ as Bobby felt at that moment. ___47__ spread throughout his body. ___48__ his new found treasure, he walked into the first store he saw. His__49__ quickly turned cold when knowing he could buy nothing with only a dime.Then he went into a flower shop. Bobby presented the dime and asked __50___ he could buy one flower for his mother.Looking at Bobby and his dime, the shopkeeper__51___ for a second and asked Bobby to wait there. Then he went in.Few minutes later, the shopkeeper came out with a bunch of beautiful red roses. Bobby’s heart__52__ as the shopkeeper placed the roses gently into a beautiful box. He had only a dime! "That wil l be ten cents, young man,” the shop owner said.___53__ Bobby moved his hand to give the man his coin.Could this be true? No one else would give him a thing for his dime!___54__ the boy’s mind, t he shopkeeper added, "I just happened to have some roses on sale. Would you like them?"This time Bobby didn't __55__ . Walking out the door the owner was holding. Bobby heard the shopkeeper say, "Merry Christmas, son.”36. A. rain B. cold C. dark D. dust37. A. yet B. so C. or D. thus38. A. ended B. moved C. struggled D. united39. A. hardly B. probably C. usually D. totally40. A. time B. spirit C. money D. education41. A. bought B. made C. ordered D. exchanged42. A. safe B. wise C. strange D. easy43. A. mind B. control C. reach D. sight44. A. gradually B. suddenly C. hurriedly D. deliberately45. A. searched B. watched C. placed D. discovered46. A. popular B. special C. wealthy D. comfortable47. A. Warmth B. Panic C. Regret D. Ambition48. A. Choosing B. Holding C. Bringing D. Fetching49. A. guilt B. patience C. curiosity D. excitement50. A. what B. why C. if D. when51. A. paused B. looked C. waited D. prayed52. A. settled B. sank C. bled D. relieved53. A. Slowly B. Calmly C. Secretly D. Unwillingly54. A. Changing B. Clearing C. Occupying D. Reading55. A. refuse B. stop C. insist D. hesitate36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. D46. C 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. D第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）AThe Tropical Paradise HolidayWelcome to St Anna, our tropical paradise just off the coast of Latin America. You can spend two weeks in our luxury four-star hotel. The cost of your flight is included in the holiday, and you can be picked up from your home by our special airport bus. On your arriving, our coach will be waiting to take you to the hotel. All flights leave from Heathrow on a Monday morning.The Cowrie Hotel is built right on the beachfront, and many rooms have wonderful ocean views. If swimming and surfing are not enough for you, the hotel also offers horse rides on the island, and a discount membership of the golf club.The Rain Forest Adventure HolidayEvery year Broughton holidays offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. You may have a choice of Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.You will fly to our special b ase camp s at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife.Then you take a bus into the forest. You will have to walk the final five miles to the camp sites to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the camp sites have been carefully built to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness, and they are not suitable for families with young children. Also remember that no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early!56. Choosing the Tropical Paradise Holiday, travelers can enjoy ______.A. a welcome partyB. beautiful ocean viewsC. different indoor activitiesD. free membership of the golf club57. What can we learn about the rain forest holiday?A. Different means of transportation will be used.B. Travelers will learn to talk with wild animals.C. The holiday will end with a survival training.D. Booking early, travelers will get a discount.58. What kind of people will probably choose the rain forest holiday?A. People loving water sports.B. People travelling with children.C. People preferring comfortable hotels.D. People concerned with environment and wildlife.59. Which of the following is mentioned in both holidays?A. Price.B. Transportation.C. Reservation.D. Departure time.BADBBIf there's one thing I’ve learned from my yea rs of being a kid, it' s that you have ZERO control over your own life.Ever since school ended, I haven’t had anything I’ve needed to do or anyw here I’ve needed to be. As long as the air-conditioning(空调) was working and the TV remote had batteries in it, I was ready for a relaxing summer holiday.But then, out of the blue, this happened - “Pack your bags. We’re going on a road trip! “Mom said excitedly.This isn't the first time Mom has sprung a trip on us without any warming. Last year on the first day of summer, she said we were going to visit Aunt Loretta at the nursing home.It wasn’t exactly my idea of a fun way to kick off the summer. One time when we visited Aunt Loretta, her roommate grasped me and wouldn’t let me go until someone gave her a chocolate cookie!Mom kept talking about going to the nursing home for a whole day, which made me worry a lot. But at breakfast the next morning, she told us where we were really going - Disney World.I was very happy, because I was really worried about spending the whole week at the nursing home. So was Dad.But when my little brother, Danny, heard about the change he became very angry. Mom had talked up the Aunt Loretta trip so much that Danny was actually excited about going there.We ended up putting off our trip to Disney so we could visit Aunt Loretta.I tried to talk Mom into letting us do something normal, like going to a water park for the day, but she didn't want to hear it. She said that spending a lot of time together in the car would be a “bonding” experience for the whole family.60. What did the author prefer to do during his summer holidays?A. Visit Aunt Loretta.B. Travel with his family.C. Look after his little brother.D. Watch TV comfortably at home.61. From the passage, we can learn that the author_______A. loved his aunt very muchB. got pretty excited about the road tripC. felt helpless with his mother's surprise tripsD. blamed Danny for not going to Disney World62. Who makes the final decision in the family?A. The author.B. Mom.C. Dad.D. Aunt Loretta63. The author wrote the passage to_______A. remember his motherB. tell the story of his auntC. express his love for his brotherD. share with readers his childhood experiencesDCBDCCulture ShockThe term, culture shock, describes the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or place. Often, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines and so forth.Although one can experience real pain from culture shock, it is also an opportunity for resetting one’s life objectives. It is a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new viewpoints. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself.Culture shock has many stages. The first stage is called the "honeymoon" stage. The new arrival may feel excited as everything is new.In the second stage, a person may encounter some difficult times in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur such as not being understood. There may be feelings of discontent, anger, sadness, and feeling incompetence. This happens when a person is trying to adapt to a new culture. Transition (过渡) between the old methods and those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete.The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. One may start to feel a certain psychological balance. The new arrival may start to have a feeling of direction and want to belong.In the fourth stage, the person realizes that the new culture has good and bad things to offer. The person has a more solid feeling of belonging and starts to set goals for living.The fifth stage is called the “re-entry shock”. This occurs when a return to the country of origin is made. One may find that things are no longer the same. For example, some of the newly acquired customs are not in use in the old culture.Many factors (因素) contribute to the length and effects of culture shock. For example, the individual’s state of mental health, type of personality, previous experiences, familiarity with the language, and level of education. So the five stages are present at different times and each person has their own way of reacting.64. What do we learn about culture shock?A. It has negative effect on people.B. Its effect can differ from person to person.C. It disappears when people return to their homelands.D. It can be avoided if one can understand the language.65. Which stage of culture shock is Tommy in?Tommy moved to France with his parents two months ago. But now he still can not get used to the life there. He also has problems in schooling. Even worse, he doesn’t think anybody cares about him.A. Stage 2.B. Stage 3.C. Stage 4.D. Stage 5.66. The main purpose of the passage is to________A. discuss and clarifyB. argue and adviseC. introduce and explainD. compare and evaluateBACDCertainly, a well-rounded education is the foundation from which all of us spring forth. I am grateful to the many incredible teachers who have inspired me to do greater things, and have fired my enthusiasm for everlasting learning!I have also been honored to have the most amazing teachers in all of my children's lives. These are extraordinary people who not only teach our children, but love them, challenge them, and provide an environment where a child learns how to learn.But, sometimes I wonder if the outline of our educational plan is lacking something. I watched the movie Easy A with my older daughter. The main character’s parents were loving, supportive, and built great confidence in their daughter and develope d her ability to handle her own problems.There was a scene where the mother was speaking to the younger child and he announced that he received an "A" on his spelling test. She replied, "That’s great, honey, but everything has spell check these days. " It was funny --- but TRUE! I don't mean that we shouldn't teach our children how to spell, but maybe some of our time should be spent educating them about the dangers of posting things on Facebook.Maybe we might want to spend time showing them how real life works - the credit card isn't free money -- you will have to pay it back at sometime. Oh, and get this -- they charge you for borrowing that money. Perhaps, we should spend some time on interpersonal relationships. I worry that our kids do not know how to relate to one another.Choosing a career (职业) is a daunting task. My daughter is in her second year in college and has changed her major twice. It’s not that she didn’t know what she wanted to do. What she "wanted to do" and the degree she chose did not match.I have learned many coll ege students do not know what they want to do because they haven’t seen what it looks like in the real world. Being a journalist in the real world looks very different from writing stories. Maybe if we spent some time exposing them to real life experience -- maybe two or three courses in areas of interest in high school that give them a "feel" for what that particular field would look like, they might be better prepared. I do not know the solution, but it seems that it should at least be a topic of discussion.67. Why does the author mention the movie Easy A?A. To prove the importance of book learning.B. To show the parents' ignorance of spelling.C. To lead to the topic he is going to talk about.D. To share with the readers his feeling about the movie.68. The author believes that___________.A. students need to focus on the skills in learningB. parents and school should be consistent in educationC. his daughter is smart enough to make her own choiceD. courses in areas of interest in high schools will benefit students69. The underlined word "daunting" in Paragraph 6 probably means_____A. discouragingB. specificC. rewardingD. regular70. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Schools should prepare students for the real life.B. What students learn in school should be practiced in life.C. Life experience is of greater importance than school education.D. Students should spend more time discussing practical problems.CDAA每二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）Roger Sperry and Robert Ornstein of the California Institute of Technology, Nobel prize winners, discovered that the human brain has two sides, and each side has different work to do.The left side of the brain controls language and number and it analyses and reasons. ___71__ It controls our appreciation of music and our sense of rhythm. It is also the right side of our brain which daydreams.Leonardo da Vinci was the great painter and sculptor. He was also an architect, a scientist and an inventor! ____72___ When he invented machines he used both his imaginative ability and his analytical ability.____73__ Albert Einstein enjoyed art, playing the violin and sailing. Indeed, Einstein said his scientific discoveries grew from his imagination rather than from analysis, reason and language. He said that written and spoken words were not important in his thinking. The story goes that Einstein was daydreaming one summer's day while sitting on a hill. He imagined that he was riding on sunbeams to the far distance of the universe. Then he found that he had returned to the sun. So he realized that the universe must curve(弯曲). ___74__ He then used the left side of his brain to apply analysis, number and reason. And finally he used language to explain it.Traditional education in schools encourages us to use the left side of our brains. Language, number, analysis and reason are given more importance in our schools than imagination and daydreaming. Why don’t we give more value to visual thinking? Why jump on one foot if we have two perfectly good legs!___75__ We need to use our imagination to think of solutions to problems and to enjoy emotional and artistic experiences. And we need to be logical able to analyze and organize in order to survive day by day.A. We benefit by thinking creatively.B. We all need both sides of our brain.C. He got this idea by using his imagination.D. Great scientists and great artists are similar.E. He was considered crazy for his strange ideas.F. He used both sides of his brain within each activity.G. The right side controls our imagination and our understanding of space.GFDCB第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你校英语社团将要排演英语话剧Sound of Music，需要一些演员。
北京市丰台区2015年高三一模语文试卷答案解析
丰台区2015年高三年级第二学期统一练习（一）参考答案一、（一）1.【答案】C【解析】追溯（sù）；谥（shì）号；避讳（huì）2.【答案】C【解析】“中国的姓氏产生于什么时候？一般认为可以追溯到母系氏族社会”。
A选项来自文章第1段，B选项来自文章中第3段，“以动植物或其他自然物为姓氏……其中很大一部分是部落的图腾”C选项在文章中没有出处。
D选项来自文章中第2段，“秦汉以前，姓和氏在不同场合使用，……有严格的规定”“汉代以后，姓氏合一，统称为姓”3.【答案】D【解析】秦筝赵瑟：秦国的筝和赵国的瑟，泛指名贵的乐器。
朝秦暮楚：战国时期，秦楚两个诸侯大国相互对立，经常作战。
有的诸侯小国为了自身的利益与安全，时而倾向秦，时而倾向楚。
比喻人反复无常。
燕歌赵舞：古燕赵人善歌舞，泛指美妙的歌舞。
用以形容文辞美妙。
秦欢晋爱：春秋时，秦晋两国不止一代互相婚嫁。
泛指两家联姻。
这四个成语中，只有第四个成语写到了婚嫁，所以应当选D4.【答案】A【解析】A选项中的孟姜女，姜是姓，孟是排行，按照伯（孟）仲叔季的顺序，孟姜女应该是长女。
在原文中第2段“女子在出嫁时都要用姓标明血统，而在姓之前冠以孟（伯）、仲、叔、季等排行，如孟姜、仲姜，孟姬、仲姬等”。
5.【答案】乐天相同相反6.【答案】出师一表真名世伯仲，本指兄弟中的老大和老二，现表示相差不多，难分高下（二）7.【答案】B【解析】A.这句是门阀制度造成的现象，门阀大族没有贫寒的人，非门阀的人没有有权力的人B.出自三国时曹操的《求贤令》，意思是只选拔有能力的人。
此选项与门阀制度无关。
C.这句也是门阀制度造成的现象，选拔州郡大吏的时候，不选拔贤良，只看门第高低。
D.这句也是门阀制度造成的现象，门阀大族有世世延续的荣耀，普通百姓没有晋升的门路。
8.【答案】李太原【解析】：从材料二的第4自然段“李姓以陇西为贵，崔姓以博陵为贵，卢姓以范阳为贵，王姓则以太原为贵”以及“到宋代，郡的行政区划已经取消，《百家姓》中所标明的‘郡望’，仍是沿袭魏晋至隋唐时期所形成名门望族的地理分布。
丰台区2015—2016学年度高三年级第一学期期末测试语文试卷(讲评版)
最初，“年”是个吃人的怪物，人们要用鞭炮、用喧天锣鼓去 驱逐它。这也许可以说明，年，原本自恐惧而来，来自对生命与岁 月的恐惧，所以，人们要用狂欢把那恐惧压下去。驱逐恐惧的另外 一种做法，是确定自己的坐标，在“适当”的年龄做“适当”的事， 会让人觉得把握住了光阴，心里踏实。所以，在新年的各种仪式里， 人的自我被抽离，变成一个个符号：在祖宗灵牌前虔敬的后代，与 鬼神巧妙周旋的凡人，必须融入欢乐海洋的一分子；还有，在适当 的时候做适当的事，在生命坐标上不偏不倚稳稳立住的那个点。
1．C（3分）【“严格遵循”过于绝对，原文有 八月、十二月两个变例】
2．根据材料一，下列不属于把归乡的日子选在春节原因的 一项是（3分） A．年是我们一年时间生活的顶点和高潮。 B．年在我们的时间生活里占绝对性地位。 C．年作为家人、族人欢聚的日子是古已有之的传统。 D．年处在春之初，是合家商定全年计划的最佳时刻。 2．D（3分）【无中生有】
两处描写加起来，可以凑成曹公对于过年的感觉，这是一个既乏 味又充满繁文缛节的节日。假如我们认同《红楼梦》是一部自传体小 说的话，这也基本上是贾宝玉的春节印象，他是不喜欢过年的。 贾府里其他节日大都是自家人在一起吃饭，贾宝玉深受宠爱而如鱼 得水，但除夕就不一样了，他要见到的人不只是亲人，还有亲戚。 一些老妯娌，是贾府旁支亲眷，宝玉也该上前喊一声奶奶。她们坐 在一起，会聊些什么呢？书里没说，二十九回里，倒有个样本。那个 无聊的张道士，见了贾母，先是夸老太太气色好，又赞宝玉发福了， 然后自然而然地就说到宝玉的婚事上，提起前日在哪个人家见到一位 小姐生得好模样，要给宝玉做个媒。大年下，与贾母握手相见的老太 太们，大抵也是按照这个格式走。
提亲话题之外，她们还喜欢问你在社会上的定位、现 状和前程；还有那些来拜年的叔伯，他们会问得更仔细。 这让逃避学堂成天跟姊妹们混得不亦乐乎的“无业游民” 贾宝玉情何以堪？贾政在家的日子，虽时常把宝玉骂个狗 血喷头，但亦有当父亲的虚荣心，没准儿会像某些章节里 曾有过的那样，把他拎出来，让他当众做首诗什么的。总 而言之，那些不快乐的记忆，贾宝玉或者说曹公都曾体验 过，让他懒得再提。 说到底，是新年这节日太主流，跟非主流的贾宝玉犯 呛。
2015届北京丰台高三第一学期期末考试语文卷
1.古诗文名句默写。
（1）东隅已逝，。
（王勃《滕王阁序》）（2）__________，行者常至。
（《晏子春秋》）（3）__________，我言秋日胜春朝。
（刘禹锡《秋词》）（4）江山如此多娇，。
（毛泽东《沁园春》）（5）__________，五十弦翻塞外声。
（辛弃疾《破阵子》）（6）__________，夜泊秦淮近酒家。
（杜牧《泊秦淮》）（7）《论语》中阐述学习与思考关系的句子是__________，。
（8）白居易的《钱塘湖春行》一诗中抒写了诗人游兴未尽，对西湖美景恋恋不舍之情的句子是__________，。
（9）陆游在《卜算子·咏梅》一词中表明自己坚持真理、至死不渝的精神的句子是__________，。
1.《拾穗的脚步》(1)迈着匆匆的脚步回到乡下，已是晌午时分，午后的阳光，火辣辣的，没有一丝阴凉。
正是稻子收割的季节，空气中，散发着刚收割下来的稻谷的清香味，袅袅娜娜，沁人心脾。
(2)路过一块田地，我忽然看见母亲还在收割好的稻田里拾稻穗。
那一刻，我忽然僵住了，站在田埂上，直愣愣地看着稻田里正在拾稻穗的母亲。
母亲的身上洒满了金色的阳光，泛着金色的光芒，斑斑驳驳的，很晃人眼。
母亲70多岁了，可是她却在家呆不住，她牵挂的是收割好的稻田里那些散落的稻穗。
那些黄澄澄的谷粒，在她心里，就像金子般地散发着眩目的光泽，熠熠生辉。
(3)只见母亲挎着一只篮子，目光在地下仔细寻找着。
母亲岁数大了，眼睛早已模糊了，可是，我不明白，为什么母亲到了田里，看到那些散落在田地里的稻穗，却一目了然，看得分外明亮。
而我却看不见那些散落在稻田里的稻穗，看到的只是一簇簇稻茬。
(4)我想起小时候，每当到了稻子收割的季节，母亲就会叫我到收割好的稻田里拾稻穗。
我兴奋地撒着欢，在稻谷飘香的稻田里四处奔跑。
说是到田里拾稻穗，可是，疯了一天，却没捡回几根稻穗，多的是身上被刮破的道道血痕和泥泞。
(5)母亲拎着满满一篮子拾来的稻穗，看到这一幕，脸上总是露出一丝嗔怪和爱怜，说道：“你看看，稻穗没拾几根，身上倒刮破了这么多血痕，快让我帮你擦擦药水。
北京丰台高三一模语文试题及答案
北京市丰台区2015届高三第一次模拟语文试题1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。
选择题必须使用 2B 铅笔以正确填涂方式将各个小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。
非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题、草稿纸上答题无效。
4.请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。
一、本大题共 17 小题，共 48 分。
（一）阅读材料一，完成 1～6 题。
（14 分）【材料一】中国的姓氏产生于什么时候？一般认为可以追溯．到母系氏族社会。
那时的人们按母系血缘分成若干氏族，每个氏族都以图腾或居住地形成互相区别的族号，这个族号就是“姓”。
“氏”的产生比姓要晚一些。
这是因为同一母系血统的氏族子孙繁衍，人口增加，同一母族分为若干支族，迁徙到不同的地方居住和生活，每个支族都要有一个区别于其他支族的称号，这个称号就是“氏”。
一个氏族分成多少个支族，就有多少个氏。
因此可以说，姓代表母系血统，氏代表氏族分支；姓是不变的，氏是可变的；姓区别血统，氏区别子孙。
这就是姓与氏在最初阶段的根本区别。
进入夏、商、周三代，姓、氏的功能除了保留那些原有的区别以外，又带上了浓厚的阶级色彩，特别是氏，都是由统治者赐封而来的。
这时的氏已经是贵族地位的标志，贵者有氏，贱者无氏。
如果封邑、官职或居住地发生变化，氏也就会跟着变化。
这就是史书上所说的“男子称氏以别贵贱”。
另外，夏、商、周三代，严格实行“同姓不婚”的制度，因此，女子在出嫁时都要用姓标明血统，而在姓之前冠以孙（伯）、仲、叔、季等排行，如孟姜、仲姜，孟姬、仲姬等。
周代的晋、鲁两国不能通婚，因为都姓姬；但秦、晋两国却可世代通婚，因为秦国姓嬴。
2015年丰台区高三期末试卷解析
2015年丰台区高三期末试卷【语文】一、本大题共6小题，共26分。
1.阅读下面的文字，完成1-4题。
（10分）初学为文，常觉文思枯涩难以为继。
有人认为疗治之方是多读书。
“读万卷书，行万里路”，甲（虽然/固然）可以充实学问增广见闻，主要的还是有利于思想的启发，否则纵然腹笥便便，搜章摘句，也不过是诠释之学，不见得就能达到“文如春华，思若涌泉”的地步。
想象不充，分析不精，辞藻不富，这是造成文思不畅的主要原因。
度过枯涩的阶段，便又是一种境界。
提起笔来，有个我在，“①。
”对于什么都有意见，乙（而且/况且）触类旁通，波澜壮阔，有时一事未竟而枝节横生，有时逸出题外而莫知所届，有时旁证博引而轻重倒臵，有时竟至“骂题”，洋洋洒洒，拉拉杂杂。
也许有人喜欢这种“②”式的文章，觉得里面有一股豪放恣肆的气魄。
不过就作文的艺术而论，似乎尚大有改进的余地。
作文知道割爱，才是进入第三个阶段的征象。
须知敝帚究竟不值珍视，需要大刀阔斧地加以削删。
芟除枝蔓之后，才能显着丙（整洁/整齐）而有精神，简单而有力量。
所谓“③”，就是这种境界。
1.文中加点字的注音和字形都不正确的一项是（2分）A.腹（fǔ）笥豪放恣肆B.诠（quán）释波澜壮阔C.辞藻（zǎo）逸出题外D.枝蔓（wàn）旁证博引2.依次填入甲、乙、丙处的词语，最恰当的一项是（2分）A．虽然况且整洁B．固然而且整洁C．虽然而且整齐D．固然况且整齐3.在文中①②③处依次填入语句，恰当的一项是（3分）A.①绚烂之极趋于平淡②长江大河一泻千里③纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜B.①长江大河一泻千里②纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜③绚烂之极趋于平淡C.①纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜②长江大河一泻千里③绚烂之极趋于平淡D.①纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜②绚烂之极趋于平淡③长江大河一泻千里4.下列句中加点词语的修辞手法，与画线句中“敝帚”修辞手法相同的一项是（3分）A.人际交往中，巧妙的沟通、机智的表达可以获得良好的结果，而用拳头代替舌头的愚蠢行为则常常葬送一切。
北京丰台高三一模语文试卷及答案
丰台区2015年高三年级第二学期统一练习（一）文2015.3一、本大题共17小题，共48分。
（一）阅读材料一，完成1-6题。
（14分）材料一】国的姓氏产生于什么时候？一般认为可以追溯．到母系氏族社会。
那时的人们按母系血缘分成若干氏族，每个氏族都以图腾或居住地形成互相区别的族号，这个族号就是“姓”。
“氏”的产生比姓要晚一些。
这是因为同一母系血统的氏族子孙繁衍，人口增加，同一母族分为若干支族，迁徙到不同的地方居住和生活，每个支族都要有一个区别于其他支族的称号，这个称号就是“氏”。
一个氏族分成多少个支族，就有多少个氏。
因此可以说，姓代表母系血统，氏代表氏族分支；姓是不变的，氏是可变的；姓区别血统，氏区别子孙。
这就是姓与氏在最初阶段的根本区别。
入夏、商、周三代，姓、氏的功能除了保留那些原有的区别以外，又带上了浓厚的阶级色彩，特别是氏，都是由统治者赐封而来的。
这时的氏已经是贵族地位的标志，贵者有氏，贱者无氏。
如果封邑、官职或居住地发生变化，氏也就会跟着变化。
这就是史书上所说的“男子称氏以别贵贱”。
另外，夏、商、周三代，严格实行“同姓不婚”的制度，因此，女子在出嫁时都要用姓标明血统，而在姓之前冠以孟（伯）、仲、叔、季等排行，如孟姜、仲姜，孟姬、仲姬等。
周代的晋、鲁两国不能通婚，因为都姓姬；但秦、晋两国却可世代通婚，因为秦国姓嬴。
这就是史书上所说的“女子称姓以别婚姻”。
秦汉之前，姓和氏在不同场合使用，哪些人有姓，哪些人用氏，有严格规定，汉代以后，姓氏合一，统称为姓。
氏的来源相当复杂。
带女字旁的姓氏，如娰、姬、姜、嬴等，是母系氏族社会女性崇拜的反映，有些直接就是女族长的名姓称号；以动植物或其他自然物为姓氏，如马、牛、花、叶、谷、林、金、石等，其中很大一部分是部落的图腾；以封国、采邑或职官、爵位为姓，如齐、楚、宋、司马、王、公孙等，由于古代封爵官职名目繁多，故此类姓很多；以出生地、居住地或职业为姓，如东方、西门、东郭、南、陶、卜等；以祖先族号、谥．号为姓，如唐、虞、夏、商、康等。
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2015年丰台区高三年级第一学期期末语文试卷含答案2015年丰台区高三年级第一学期期末语文试卷含答案2015.1一、本大题共6小题，共26分。
1.阅读下面的文字，完成1-4题。
（10分）初学为文，常觉文思枯涩难以为继。
有人认为疗治之方是多读书。
“读万卷书，行万里路”，甲（虽然/固然）可以充实学问增广见闻，主要的还是有利于思想的启发，否则纵然腹笥便便，搜章摘句，也不过是诠释之学，不见得就能达到“文如春华，思若涌泉”的地步。
想象不充，分析不精，辞藻不富，这是造成文思不畅的主要原因。
度过枯涩的阶段，便又是一种境界。
提起笔来，有个我在，“。
”对于什么都有意见，乙（而且/况且）触类旁通，波澜壮阔，有时一事未竟而枝节横生，有时逸出题外而莫知所届，有时旁证博引而轻重倒置，有时竟至“骂题”，洋洋洒洒，拉拉杂杂。
也许有人喜欢这种“”式的文章，觉得里面有一股豪放恣肆的气魄。
不过就作文的艺术而论，似乎尚大有改进的余地。
作文知道割爱，才是进入第三个阶段的征象。
须知敝帚究竟不值珍视，需要大刀阔斧地加以削删。
芟除枝蔓之后，才能显着丙（整洁/整齐）而有精神，简单而有力量。
所谓“”，就是这种境界。
1.文中加点字的注音和字形都不正确的一项是（2分）A.腹（f）笥豪放恣肆B.诠（qun）释波澜壮阔C.辞藻（zo）逸出题外D.枝蔓（wn）旁证博引2.依次填入甲、乙、丙处的词语，最恰当的一项是（2分）A．虽然况且整洁B．固然而且整洁C．虽然而且整齐D．固然况且整齐3.在文中处依次填入语句，恰当的一项是（3分）A.绚烂之极趋于平淡长江大河一泻千里纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜B.长江大河一泻千里纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜绚烂之极趋于平淡C.纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜长江大河一泻千里绚烂之极趋于平淡D.纵横自有凌云笔，俯仰随人亦可怜绚烂之极趋于平淡长江大河一泻千里4.下列句中加点词语的修辞手法，与画线句中“敝帚”修辞手法相同的一项是（3分）A.人际交往中，巧妙的沟通、机智的表达可以获得良好的结果，而用拳头代替舌头的愚蠢行为则常常葬送一切。
B.中央开展的专项巡视工作，直面问题，落实问责，这把切除腐败毒瘤的手术刀，使反腐工作取得了实质性成效。
C.随着iPad、手机等电子产品的广泛使用，学校里的“小眼镜”越来越多,近视已成为学生健康方面的大问题。
D.语文教材里的鲁迅作品被替换一事引发社会争议，“我们这个时代是否还需要鲁迅”的话题也被炒得沸沸扬扬。
5.阅读下面的文字，完成-题。
（9分）以象形为基础的汉字，包含了中国人对世界的丰富体验。
例如，“旦”，甲骨文写作“”。
《说文》解释说“旦，明也”，意为早晨日出。
后引申为早晨，成语甲中的“旦”即为此意。
“日月光华，旦复旦兮”中的“旦”是“明亮”之意，复旦大学取此意来命名。
旦则光明可见，古人对天明誓，表示光明磊落、诚实可信，例如，“乙，不思其反。
”古人还用“旦”来表示时间。
“正月朔日，谓之元旦，俗呼为新年。
”“元旦”即农历正月初一，也称“春节”。
1912年1月1日，民国采用公元纪年，才有了现代的元旦——公历1月1日。
在甲、乙两处依次填入的成语是和。
（2分）下列句子中，加点字“旦”的含义与甲处成语中“旦”的含义不同的一项是（2分）A.蒲苇一时纫，便作旦夕间。
B.旦辞爷娘去，暮宿黄河边。
C.一旦不能有，输来其间。
D.左右邻械系入老监，号呼达旦。
下列与选段内容相关的表述，不正确的一项是（2分）A.甲骨文是中国已知的最早的成体系的文字形式，现代汉字是由甲骨文演变而来的。
B.《说文》是《说文解字》的简称，由东汉的许慎编著而成，是世界上最早的字典之一。
C.古人归纳出的六种汉字构成方式称“六书”，即象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借。
D.“旦”指农历正月初一，又称朔日，与朔日相对的月末称晦日，而每月十五则称望日。
下列诗句中，与古代“元旦”无关的诗句是（3分）A. 北风吹雪四更初，嘉瑞天教及岁除。
半盏屠苏犹未举，灯前小草写桃符。
B. 玉颗珊珊下月轮，殿前拾得露华新。
至今不会天中事，应是嫦娥掷与人。
C.造物无言却有情，每于寒尽觉春生。
千红万紫安排著，只待新雷第一声。
D.爆竹声中一岁除，春风送暖入屠苏。
千门万户曈曈日，总把新桃换旧符。
6.在下面语段的横线处填写诗文原句。
（7分）古人以“马牛羊鸡犬豕”为六畜，马居其首。
马不仅具有代步、耕田、拉车等实用价值，还具有多重的文化意义。
马多与军事有关。
《国殇》“凌余阵兮躐余行，。
，援玉枹兮击鸣鼓”句对战马的描写表现了战争的惨烈；而陆游和辛弃疾分别用“楼船夜雪瓜洲渡，”和“想当年，，气吞万里如虎”的诗句追忆了各自早年的战争生活。
马还带给人们“跃马扬鞭，自强不息”的精神启示。
《劝学》就以“，不能十步；，”激励人们不断进取。
二本大题共6小题，共22分。
阅读下面的文言文，完成7-12题。
裴让之传裴让之，字士礼。
年十六丧父，殆不胜哀，其母辛氏泣抚之曰：“弃我灭性，得为孝子乎？”由是自勉。
辛氏，高明妇则，又闲礼度。
夫丧，诸子多幼弱，广延师友，或亲自教授。
内外亲属有吉凶礼制，多取则焉。
让之少好学有文情清明俊辩早得声誉魏天平中举秀才对策高第累迁屯田主客郎中省中语曰能赋诗裴让之为太原公开府记室。
与杨愔友善，相遇则清谈竟日。
愔每云：“此人风流警拔，裴文季为不亡矣。
”梁使至，帝令让之摄主客郎。
第二弟诹之奔关右，兄弟五人皆拘系。
神武问曰：“诹之何在？”答曰：“昔吴、蜀二国，诸葛兄弟各得遂心，况让之老母在，君臣分定，失忠与孝，愚夫不为。
伏愿明公以诚信待物，若以不信处物，物亦安能自信？以此定霸，犹却行而求道耳。
”神武善其言，兄弟俱释。
历文襄大将军主簿，兼中书舍人，后兼散骑常侍，聘梁。
文襄尝入朝，让之导引，容仪蕴藉，文襄目之曰：“士礼佳舍人。
”迁长兼中书侍郎，领舍人。
齐受禅，静帝逊居别宫，与诸臣别，让之流涕歔欷。
以参掌仪注，封宁都县男。
帝欲以为黄门郎，或言其体重，不堪趋侍，乃除清河太守。
至郡未几，杨愔谓让之诸弟曰：“我与贤兄交欵，企闻善政。
适有人从清河来，云奸吏敛迹，盗贼清靖。
期月之期，翻然更速。
”清河有二豪吏田转贵、孙舍兴久吏奸猾，多有侵削，因事遂胁人取财。
计赃依律不至死。
让之以其乱法，杀之。
时清河王岳为司州牧，遣部从事案之。
侍中高德政旧与让之不协，案奏言：“当陛下受禅之时，让之眷恋魏朝，呜咽流涕，比为内官，情非所愿。
”既而杨愔请救之，云：“罪不合死。
”文宣大怒，谓愔曰：“欲得与裴让之同冢耶！”于是无敢言者。
事奏，竟赐死于家。
（取材于《北齐书·卷三十五》）【注】神武：北齐开国皇帝高洋之父高欢，高洋（文宣帝，550-560在位）即位后被封为神武皇帝，实并未在位。
静帝：东魏皇帝元善见，550年静帝禅位于高洋。
7．用斜线（/）给上面文言文画波浪线的部分断句。
（5分）8．下列语句中，加点词语的解释不正确的一项是（3分）A．殆不胜哀胜：禁得住B．广延师友延：邀请C．遣部从事案之案：追究，查办D．竟赐死于家竟：竟然9．下列对文中语句的理解，不符合文意的一项是（3分）A．内外亲属有吉凶礼制，多取则焉——内外亲属有吉凶礼制之事，大都效法她。
B．君臣分定，失忠与孝，愚夫不为。
——你我君臣之间的职分已定，丢弃忠心和孝心，连愚夫都不为。
C．以此定霸，犹却行而求道耳——这样就能成就霸业，却还前行去寻找别的办法。
D．云奸吏敛迹，盗贼清靖。
——（那个人）说奸邪的官吏收敛了恶迹，盗贼也被清除干净。
10．下列理解和分析，不符合文章的一项是（3分）A．裴让之的母亲是一位既懂礼仪又会教育子女的人，为了使自己的孩子们成材，她含辛茹苦抚养幼弱的孩子，为他们请老师，有时候还亲自教授孩子们。
B．裴让之与杨愔关心很好，如果二人见面，就会整天清谈；杨愔常夸赞裴让之，并希望好友有好政绩。
后杨愔因替裴让之说情而被文宣帝埋在裴让之墓中。
C．裴让之受二弟牵连被捕入狱，神武帝审问他时，他用三国时期诸葛亮兄弟分侍二主的例子，表达自己既能尽忠又可尽孝的思想，并从侧面为弟弟开罪。
D．裴让之在齐立国时参与制定礼仪制度，皇帝想封他黄门郎，因有人说他身体肥胖而没被任用，就作了清河太守，短短一个月，就使清河管界安定，政治清明。
11．“昔吴、蜀二国，诸葛兄弟各得遂心”句中“弟”是指自称“躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，”“后值倾覆，，”的诸葛亮。
（3分）12.裴让之受二弟牵连被审时做了辩解，《北齐书》与《北史》的记述有两处不同：一是《北齐书》说“诸葛兄弟各得遂心”，《北史》中为“诸葛兄弟各得尽心”；一是《北齐书》说“况让之老母在”，《北史》“在”后有“此”。
你认为《北齐书》与《北史》的记述哪个更好，请任选一处，简要说明理由。
（5分）三、本大题共1小题，共10分。
13.阅读下面唐诗，完成-题。
送人之军贺知章常经绝脉塞，复见断肠流。
送子成今别，令人起昔愁。
陇云晴半雨，边草夏先秋。
万里长城寄，无贻汉国忧。
【注释】汉国：指唐王朝。
唐人多以汉喻唐。
下列对本诗的理解，不正确的一项是（3分）A．首联写边塞险要。
“绝脉塞”指长城险塞，“断肠流”指陇头流水，分别以“绝脉”和“断肠”称之，使人感受到边塞的险要、荒凉、凄苦。
B．首联颔联写送别。
“常经”应“昔愁”，“复见”应“今别”，两相对照呼应，不仅加深了眼前的送别之愁，也可以看出当时战争的频繁。
C．颈联写景物节候。
“晴半雨”“夏先秋”，写出了边塞环境气候的恶劣，同时“晴半雨”让人联想到“道是无情还有情”，表达挽留之意。
D．全诗以时空传情。
今昔相映，“复见”了“常经”，使“今别”再添“昔愁”；塞内塞外对比，塞内尚夏而塞外就已经有了秋意。
无不言愁。
这是首送别诗，也是一首边塞诗。
下列唐诗与这首诗在题材类别上不一致的是（3分）A．雁山横代北，狐塞接云中。
勿使燕然上，惟留汉将功。
（陈子昂《送魏大从军》）B．上马带吴钩，翩翩度陇头。
小来思报国，不是爱封侯。
（岑参《送人赴安西》）C．沙平连白云，蓬卷入黄云。
慷慨倚长剑，高歌一送君。
（王维《送张判官赴河西》）D．官桥祭酒客，山木女郎祠。
别后同明月，君应听子规。
（王维《送杨长史赴果州》）尾联常为人称道，请你赏析尾联的妙处。
（4分）四、本大题共3小题，共13分。
阅读下列材料，完成14-16题。
【材料一】2014年以来，西非暴发的埃博拉出血热疫情震惊了全球。
罹患此病，会出现发烧、呕吐、疼痛、出血等症状，绝大多数患者最后会因失血过多、多发性器官衰竭死去。
埃博拉病毒是人类有史以来所知道的最可怕的病毒之一，其生物安全等级为4级（艾滋病为3级，SARS为3级，级数越大防护越严格），埃博拉出血热在最初流行时，几乎造成90%以上的患者死亡。
传染病的传染性常常用“基本传染数”来描述，基本传染数越高，传染性越强。
2003年SARS的基本传染数大约为2～4，麻疹为15～20，天花为3～5，埃博拉出血热为1.3～2.7。