English Intonation__ I
高级英语1课文 翻译
Unit One English and American Concepts of SpaceEdward T. Hall英国人和美国人的空间概念人们说英国人和美国人是被同一种语言别离开的两个伟大的民族。
英美民族之间的差异使得英语本身受到很多指责，然而，这些差异也许不应该过分归咎于语言，而应该更多的归因于其他层面上的交流：从使很多美国人感到做作的英式语音语调到以自我为中心的处理时间、空间和物品的不同方法。
如果说这世上有两种文化间的空间关系学的具体内容迥然不同，那就是在有教养(私立学校)的英国人和中产阶级的美国人之间了。
造成这种巨大差异的一个根本原因是在美国人们借助空间大小来对人或事加以分类，而在英国决定你身分的却是社会等级制度。
在美国，你的住址可以很好的暗示你的身分〔这不仅适用于你的家庭住址，也适用于你的商业地址〕。
住在纽波特和棕榈滩的人要比布鲁克林和迈阿密的人高贵时髦得多。
格林尼治和科德角与纽华克和迈阿密简直毫无类似之处。
座落在麦迪逊大道和花园大道的公司要比那些座落在第七大道和第八大道的公司更有情调。
街角办公室要比电梯旁或者长廊尽头的办公室更受尊敬。
而英国人是在社会等级制度下出生和成长的。
无论你在哪里看到他，他仍然是贵族，即便是在鱼贩摊位的柜台后面。
除了阶级差异，英国人和我们美国人在如何分配空间上也存在差异。
在美国长大的中产阶级美国人觉得自己有权拥有自己的房间，或者至少房间的一局部。
当我让我的美国研究对象画出自己理想的房间或办公室时，他们毫无例外的只画了自己的空间，而没有画其他人的地方。
当我要求他们画出他们现有的房间或办公室时，他们只画出他们共享房间里自己的那局部，然后在中间画一条分隔线。
无论是男性还是女性研究对象，都把厨房和主卧划归母亲或妻子的名下，而父亲的领地那么是书房或休息室，如果有的话；要不然就是工场，地下室，或者有时仅仅是一张工作台或者是车库。
美国女性如果想独处，可以走进卧室、关上门。
English Pronunciation & Intonation Practice
Qs:
Is there any differences between the tape reading any your reading? Where are those stresses in the tape reading?
A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end， I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word！' I said angrily. 'It's none of your business，' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation！'
A private conversation 私人谈话 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end， I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word！' I said angrily. 'It's none of your business，' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation！'
英语语音智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年齐鲁师范学院
第一章测试1.We should learn how to use the movable articulators such as _______________ allof which are very active in the active in the articulation of speech sounds.A:the lipsB:the vocal cordsC:the tongueD:the soft palate答案:ABCD2. A language consists of three important elements, namely _________________ .A:grammarB:vocabularyC:pronunciationD:listening答案:ABC3.The field of phonetics is traditionally divided into three subdisciplines:____________________ phonetics.A:auditoryB:acousticC:articulatoryD:phonology答案:ABC4.The vocal tract is formed by ________________ .A:mouthB:pharynxC:larynxD:nose答案:ABD5.Because British people tend to pronounce post-vocalic r sound, RP is rhotic.A:对B:错答案:B6.If phonetics deals with the physical reality of speech sounds, then phonology,on the other hand, is primarily concerned with how we interpret andsystematize sounds.A:错B:对答案:B7.The back rounded /ɔ/ is heard in British English in word such as not. In GA,this vowel sound is replaced with /a:/ .A:错B:对答案:B8.GA speakers use a great deal of weak forms to pronounce the unstressedsyllables, while RP speakers tend to pronounce both stressed and unstressed syllables very clearly.A:对B:错答案:B9.When we pronounce vowels and voiced consonants the vocal cords are keptapart and do not vibrate.A:对B:错答案:B10.Suprasegment features are features of speech which generally apply togroups of segments, or phonemes.A:错B:对答案:B第二章测试1.All consonants are voiced, while vowels can be voiced or voiceless.A:对B:错答案:B2.Schwa is a reduced vowel in stressed syllables, especially if syllabicconsonants are not used.A:对B:错答案:B3.In terms of syllable structure, vowels form the nucleus of the syllable. Theconsonants, on the other hand, occupy the onset or coda position.A:错B:对答案:B4.When a diphthong is pronounced, the first vowel sound is shorter, lower andweaker than the second one.A:对B:错答案:B5.There are five vowels in the alphabets, which represent all vowel sounds inEnglish language.A:对B:错答案:A6.All the speech sounds in the language can be classified into 4 groups: vowels,monophthongs, diphthongs and consonants.A:错B:对答案:A7.According to the distinctive feature theory, /ɔ/ and /a:/ differ from eachother by __________ .A:tongue positionB:tongue heightC:lengthD:lip posture答案:D8.The distinction between primary and secondary cardinal vowels is based onthe _______ position.A:vocal cordsB:soft palateC:lipsD:tongue答案:C9.Closing diphthongs end with a glide toward _______ or _______ .A:/ə/B:/ɔ/C:/i/D:/u/答案:CD10.The description of vowels relates to ________________ .A:tongue positionB:lengthC:lip postureD:tongue height答案:ABCD第三章测试1.In which word the letter b is not silent?A:doubleB:debtC:lambD:doubt答案:A2.English consonants can be classified in three ways, they are ( ).A:by the place of articulationB:by the manner of articulationC:by voicingD:by the loudness of sound答案:ABC3.[k] and [g] are pronounced by blocking the breath-stream with the back ofthe tongue and soft palate, building up the pressure, and suddenly releasing it.A:对B:错答案:A4.The consonants [f]，[v]，[t] ，[d] are fricatives.A:错B:对答案:A5.According to the features of consonants, [s] can be described as ( ).A:fricativeB:dentalC:aspiratedD:voiceless答案:ACD6.An affricate is a combination of a plosive and a ( ).A:lateralB:approximantC:fricativeD:nasal答案:C7. When pronouncing [ts], the tongue first sticks to the gums, blocks theairflow, and then raises.A:对B:错答案:B8.Which word does not contain the sound /m/?A:kindB:lambC:summerD:some答案:A9.There is no difference between English consonant /l/ and Chinese consonant/l/.A:对B:错答案:B10.Which of the following phonemes are approximant?A:/j/B:/l/C:/w/D:/r/答案:ACD第四章测试1. A syllable contains one and only one consonant.A:错B:对答案:A2.Secondary stress is more prominent than primary stress.A:对B:错答案:B3.Primary stress is often conveyed by changes in length, loudness, and pitch.A:对B:错答案:A4. A rhythm group contains more than one stressed syllable, together withunstressed syllables clustering about it or none.A:错B:对答案:A5.The notion of rhythm comes from the unstressed syllables. Word andsentence stress combine to create the rhythm of an English utterance.A:错B:对答案:A6.Which words are usually stressed in the following sentence: I am reading avery interesting novel?A:I, am, reading, novelB:readingC:very, interestingD:reading, very, interesting, novel答案:D7.Which words are usually stressed in the following sentence: Twenty isenough?A:is, enoughB:Twenty, is, enoughC:TwentyD:Twenty, enough答案:D8.Which words are usually stressed in the following sentence: The book that Ihave just read is hers?A:book, readB:book, justC:book, have, read, hersD:book, just, read, hers答案:D9.Which words are usually stressed in the following sentence: Who was that onthe phone?A:who, that, phoneB:who, wasC:who, was, that, phoneD:phone答案:A10.Which of the following words have their stress on the second syllable?A:AmericaB:introductionC:historicalD:sentence答案:AC第五章测试1.Progressive assimilation refers to the sounds assimilated are affected by thepronunciation of the preceding sounds.A:对B:错答案:A2.When /n/ is followed by /p/, /b/ or /m/, it becomes /ŋ/.A:对B:错答案:A3.It is a cluster of consonants. It could be two or three consonants.( )A:错B:对答案:B4. Gifts is initial consonant cluster. ( )A:对B:错答案:B5.Pronunciation is really about（）.A:throatB:tongueC:all of the aboveD:lips答案:C6.She sells seashells by the seashore. is ( ) in English.A:tongue twisterB:folk songC:sayingD:none of the above答案:A7.In the phrase “give me” which sound can be elided?( )A:/i/B:/v/C:/m/D:/g/答案:B8.Squeezing letters is the phenomenon of ( )A:consonant clusterB:incomplete explosionC:liasionD:elision答案:A9.Squeezing words is the phenomenon of ( )A:incomplete explosionB:elisionC:consonant clustersD:liasion答案:B10.Consonant clusters has_________.A:final clusterB:initial clusterC:medial clusterD:first cluster答案:ABC第六章测试1.What is the purpose of the speaker by saying “could you give me the ”?A:It is attracting attention.B:It is a polite request.C:It sounds like a command; the answer “yes” is expected.D:This is a question asking for information.答案:B2.Choose the standard intonation for the following sentences: 1. Can you try itout?2. When will you be ready?3. Come to the blackboard.4. Did he see hisfriend?A:rising, falling, rising, risingB:falling, falling, rising, fallingC:rising, falling, falling, risingD:falling, rising, falling, rising答案:C3.Which part carries maximal prominence in an intonation unit?A:nucleusB:pre-headC:tailD:head答案:A4.Which type of intonation is not the typical types of English intonation?A:falling intonationB:rising-falling intonationC:falling-rising intonationD:rising intonation答案:B5.The nucleus of the following sentence “I am WRIting a LETter to him.”is .A:ter to himB:LETC:WRIting aD:I am答案:B6. A nucleus is the first fully stressed syllable in an intonation unit.A:对B:错答案:B7.The focusing function of intonation is to show what information in anutterance is new and what is already know.A:错B:对答案:B8. A special question with falling intonation asks for information, while aspecial question with rising intonation usually signals more interest on the part of the speaker.A:对B:错答案:A9.In the sentence “The man works very hard, /doesn’t he?”, the speaker is surethat the man works very hard, and expects you to agree.A:对B:错答案:B10.The sentence “I have to buy bananas, apples, lemons and pears” should bespoken in rising intonation.A:错B:对答案:A。
Unit15-Functions & Uses of English Intonation-English Pronunciation英语语音
Unit 15Lesson PlanFunctions & Uses of English IntonationDate: Dec., 23-27Class: Classes 1, 2, Grade 2009Subject: English Pronunciation and Intonation for CommunicationPurpose:The students will learn the use of intonation in English.Objectives: Students will be able to :1.Define - in their own words the use of intonation in English.pare –based on the understanding of the basic concept, compare differentfunctions and use of intonation in speech;3.Practice – imitate the stress patterns and intonation and do practice.Resources/Materials:1.Textbook: Wang, Guizhen, English Pronunciation and Intonation forCommunication, Higher Education Press, Beijing, 2005;2.Handouts: illustration of stress patterns and rhythmic pattern;3.Recordings of native speakersActivities and Procedures:1.Stimulating: Begin by asking the class to find out how much the students knowabout what they are required to learn. Make sure that it serves the purpose of stimulating the students to think about the issue and have the desire to find out the answers themselves.2.Display examples by playing the recording of the native speakers showing thetypical pronunciation in English.3.Ask the students to listen to the tapes to make a good discrimination of rhythmicpatterns in connected speech.4.Have the students imitate the speech rhythm in utterances.5.Have the students share what they have learned by reading out the practicematerials in pairs.6.Have the students listen to the conversations recorded by native speakers ofEnglish and try to get the rhythm correct in their pronunciation.7.Have the students practice the guided conversation. Ask them to pay specialattention to the stress in speech.8.Highlight the language function in the conversation in the practice.9.Have several pairs of the students present their conversation in the class.ment on the students’performance by highlighting the achievement of thestudents and the efforts they need for the improvement.11.Ask the students to do more practice after class and get ready for presentationduring the next session.Use of English IntonationIn this unit, we will learn more about English intonation: its functions and uses.Intonation and stress work together to express meaning. Intonation makes it easier for a listener to understand what a speaker is trying to convey. Following are often cited as important functions of English intonation:The attitudinal functionIntonation is used to convey our feelings and attitudes. For instance, the same sentence can be said in different ways, which might be labeled "happy", "grateful", "angry", "bored", and so on. Usually, intonation units with high heads sound more lively, interesting than those with low heads. A few generalisations are often made here: the falling intonation is said to be more often associated with completeness and definiteness; the rising intonation is more often associated with incompleteness and uncertainty or questioning; The falling-rising is said to have feelings of hesitation, contrast, reservation or doubt.The accentual functionThe location of the tonic syllable is of considerable linguistic importance. The most common position for this is on the last information word of the intonation unit. For contrastive purpose, however, any word may bear the tonic syllable.The grammatical functionSome sentence may be ambiguous when written, but this can be removed by the use of intonation. An often cited example is the sentence "Those who sold quickly made a profit". This sentence can be said in at least two different ways:a./ Those who sold ☎quickly / made a ☎profit.b./ Those who ☎sold / quickly made a ☎profit.English speakers hear two different paraphrases of the sentences because of the different placement of the tone-unit boundary, as in:a.A profit was made by those who sold quickly.b.A profit was quickly made by those who sold.Another example is the use of rising tone in statements. The sentence "They're going to have a picnic" is usually said as a statement like this:a. They 're going to have a ☎picnic.In informal speech, however, we may hear:b. They're going to have a picnic? (But, it's raining outside.)The sentence serves as a question here.The intonation used in question-tags can have a rising tone or a falling tone:a.They're coming to☎morrow, aren't they?b.They're coming to☎morrow, ☎aren't they?When it has a falling tone, as in (a), the speaker is comparatively certain that the information is correct, and simply asking for conformation, while the rising tone in (b) is said to indicate a lesser degree of certainty, so the speaker is asking for information.The discourse function of intonationIn speech, people often use intonation to focus the listener's attention on aspects of the message that are most important. So the placement of nucleus or tonic stress depends on the "information content": the more predictable a word's occurrence is in a given context, the lower its information content is. For example, people would say: The ☎telephone's ringing.The ☎kettle's boiling.In speech, people often use the falling tone to indicate new information and risingtone (including falling-rising) to indicate "shared" of "given" information.People also use intonation to indicate to others that they have finished speaking and that another person is expected to speak.。
English Pronunciation & Intonation
B. Now practice the sounds in sentences
1. Please speak English. Dick gives Lilly a big kiss. The Book sells well. I guess. Don’t let the cat out of the bag. 2. Seeing is believing. Let’s get everything ready. They ran hand in hand. 3. Steve lives on 333 Peterson Street. Can you give me a lift? Remember to get me ten eggs. He who laughs last laughs best. 4. Don’t speak Chinese in an English class. Is it Spring or still winter? Pat sat on the grass with a glass in his hand. 5. Please keep this seat for me. Mary is fifty now, but she’s still fit as a fiddle. Sally married a handsome young man named Jerry. Better late than never.
]的发音
a cake on the plate Raymond’s favourite Kate’s gray bracelet（手镯） Wait for May A penny saved is a penny gained. 积少成多 Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达
英语语调的类型Types of English Intonation
A
7
The fall-rise tone
The fall-rise consists of a fall from rather high to low and then a rise to about the middle of the voice.
The fall-rise is connected with the stressed syllable of the last important word. Like the falling and the rising tones.
What is tone & intonation?
Tones are the way our voice moves up and down.
The way we use these tones is called intonation.
A
2
About intonation
The melody of language Refers to the total pattern of pitch changes Another important element of spoken
Rising intonation is use for the questions. Falling intonation is used for the answers. Notice that some of the answers contain direct yes/no answers, which others imply yes or no in the statements or short answers which follow.
A
English intonation 英语语调
Falling
Continuation; Uncertainty; YES/NO questions for repetition or clarification; disbelief
The rising tone is used in the following types of sentences and situations:
1). In yes-no questions.
(1) Do you speak ↗Greek?
2). Yes-no-question-like Interjections I'll con'tact the university, |↗right? ('O↗K?) 3). In tag questions (speakers are not sure and want to check) He was promoted, ↗wasn't he? Come over 'here a minute, |↗will you? 4). In an independent question. A: I'm thinking of taking a break. B: ↗Are you?
(2) -Does she eat sweets?
- ↘No, he ↘doesn't. He's 'stopped ↘smoking.
- ↘Yes, she ↘ does. She 'eats ↘everyday.
6). In questions tags (when speaker is certain about the answer) (1) She's 'looking for a raincoat, ↘isn't she? (2) The blue 'raincoat is too bright, ↘isn't it? 7). When correcting incorrect statements A: It's an Aus↘tralian program. B: ↘No, it is an A↘merican program. 8). In greetings. (1) Good ↘(↗)morning! (2) Hi↘.
Intonation语调
但是有时候会根据强调信息的需要而发生前移。例如：
总结：
总之，一般情况下，降升调的特点是，头(第一个关键词 重读音节之前) 低平，第一个关键词重读音节音调最高， 中间各关键词的音高按楼梯状下降，在最后一个关键词的 重读音节开始降调，到最后一个重读音节(若没有，就是 全句最后一个音节)开始升调，到句末升到中等音高的位 置。 图示：
总之，升调的特点是，头(第一个关键词重读音节之前) 低平，第一个关键词 重读音节音调最高，中间各关键词的音高按楼梯状下降，从最后一个关键词 重读音节开始升调，到句末升到中等音高的位置。 图示：
●•• ●•• • ●• •••
Rising tune:
It was a very cold day.
___________________________
___________________________
You needn't have told him.
___________________________
___________________________
Intonation Marking: Rising tune
The rising tune (升调)
1. If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. Two.), in the word group, the voice rises from a low pitch to just above the middle of the voice. 2. If the last important word is followed by one or many other syllables, the stressed syllable of the last important word is low, and each following syllable is a little higher, the last one being on a fairly high note.(若句子最后一个关键词后有其他音节，从最后一个关键词的重读 音节开始，逐个词升调) (e.g. " Have you posted it to him?).
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Did I HEAR you COR↗RECTLY? Are you LOOKING for a ↗CAR? Can I TRY it ↗OUT? Did you DO it on the COM↗PUTER? Are you TAKING a VACATION in the ↗SUMMER? Do you WANT some ↗YOGURT? Did he SEE his ↗FRIEND? Are your PARENTS THROWING a PARTY for your ↗BIRTHDAY? Did you HEAR her ↗YESTERDAY? Do you BE↗LIEVE it? Did you TAKE the ↗JOB?
詹俊峰 制作
Intonation Marking: Falling tune
It's ↘MINE. It was NINE O'↘CLOCK. I was in LONDON on ↘SUNDAY. He's STUDYING ↘FRENCH. She was GOING A↘WAY. We'll GO for a ↘WALK. He WANTS some ↘BEEF. I'm afraid I ↘CAN'T. START DOING it ↘NOW.
詹俊峰 制作
The falling-rising tune (降升调) falling(降升调)
1.(单音节词的降升调读法) 1.(单音节词的降升调读法) If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word single(e.g. Five.), Five.), the voice falls from rather high to low, and then a rise to the middle of the voice.
Unit 12 & 14 English Intonation (I)
詹俊峰 制作
Intonation (语调) / tune (调子) (语调) (调子)
Intonation: Intonation: the rise and fall of the voice during speech. Three commonly-seen tunes in English: commonlyA. the falling tune 降调 B. the rising tune 升调 C: the falling-rising tune 降升调 falling詹俊峰 制作
总之,升调的特点是,头(第一个关键词重读音节之前) 总之,升调的特点是,头(第一个关键词重读音节之前) 低平,第一个关键词 重读音节音调最高,中间各关键词的音高按楼梯状下降,从最后一个关键词 重读音节开始升调,到句末升到中等音高的位置. 图示:
● ● ●
詹俊峰 制作
Rising tune:
It was a very cold day.
It was a very cold day.
___________________________
___________________________
詹俊峰 制作
You needn't have told him. ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
詹俊峰 制作
You needn't have told him.
___________________________
___________________________
詹俊峰 制作
Intonation Marking: Rising tune
Some Examples:
Utterances 1. He left already. 2. Sally's moving. Sally' 3. John missed his flight. 4. It's snowing in New York. It'
Statement Question
詹俊峰 制作
Examples:
詹俊峰 制作
The second system: strokes (笔画) and lines 笔画) the stressed syllable of the important word (=key word, or content word) the stressed syllable before the first important word, or right after the fall. the fall the rise the fall-rise fall詹俊峰 制作
詹俊峰 制作
The falling tune (降调) (降调)
1.If there is only one word, which is a singlesingle-syllable word (e.g. No.), in No.), the word group, the voice falls within the syllable. 2. If the word has more than one syllable (e.g. Excellent.), Excellent.), the voice either falls within the stressed syllable or jumps down from that syllable to the next.
詹俊峰 制作
The rising tune (升调) (升调)
1. If there is only one word, which is a single-syllable word (e.g. singleTwo.), Two.), in the word group, the voice rises from a low pitch to just above the middle of the voice. 2. If the last important word is followed by one or many other syllables, the stressed syllable of the last important word is low, and each following syllable is a little higher, the last one being on a fairly high note.(若句子最后一个关键词后有其他音节,从最后一个关键词的重读 音节开始,逐个词升调) (e.g. Have you posted it to him?). him?).
詹俊峰 制作
3. If there is more than one word in the word group (e.g.
There were too there.),
many
people
(1) the stressed syllable of the first important word is the highest in pitch (句中第一个关键词的重读音节的音高最高 ). (2) the stressed syllable of the next important word is a little lower than the previous one in pitch (第一个关键词重读 音节之后,其他关键词的重读音节,其音高依次递降 ). (3) all the following unstressed syllables are on the same pitch with the previous important word (每两个关键词重读音 节之间的非重读音节的音高,和前面一个重读音节的音高相同 ). (4) all syllables before the first important word are low (第 一个关键词重读音节之前的所有音节都声调低平). (5) all syllables after the last important word are low (最后 一个关键词重读音节之后的所有音节都声调低平). (6) the fall occurs at the last stressed syllable (在最后一个关 键词重读音节上降调) 詹俊峰 制作
Sure
Unsure
詹俊峰 制作
YesYes-no Utterances 1. Are you coming Friday or Saturday?
Choice
2. Can you meet us at eight or nine? 3. WoulAre you going to Spain or Portugal?
Are you ↗HUNGRY? Are they ↗NEW here? Would you ↗LIKE some? Can I ↗SIT here? Are they ↗COMING? Were they LATE last ↗NIGHT? Do you WORK for the ↗NEWS? Do you WORK in the ↗EVENING?
Five
詹俊峰 制作
2. (多音节词的降升调读法) 多音节词的降升调读法) If there is only one word, which has more than one syllable (e.g. twenty twenty ) (e.g. Seventy ) , the Seventy falling part takes place on the nuclear syllable, and the rising part takes place towards the end of the syllables after the nucleus and extends up to the last syllable of all. 降调开始之处,即为调核nucleus) (注:降调开始之处,即为调核nucleus)