2011年安大研究生英语上册Translate答案
2011年安大研究生英语上册Translate答案
TranslateUnit one1. 1. Why Why Why are are are some some some people people people argumentative argumentative [ɑ: ɡju’ment ətiv]and and domineering domineering [d ɔmi'ni əriŋ], , while while others are shy and hesitant ['hezit ənt]? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical['sinik əl], while others are easy to get along with? 为什么有些人强词夺理，专横跋扈，而另一些人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？……为什么有些人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，而另一些人却平易近人？2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated accelerated program program program for for for scientific scientific scientific and and and technological technological technological co-operation, co-operation, co-operation, aimed aimed aimed at at at widespread widespread dissemination [di:semi'nei ʃən]of of technology technology technology for for for meeting meeting meeting the the the basic basic basic needs needs needs of of of man, man, man, such such such as as nutrition [nju:'tri ʃən], shelter, communications, health and sanitation [,sæni'tei ʃən].(from the United Nations documents) 从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播技术以满足人们诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健之类的基本需要。
2011考研英语真题及答案
2011考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2011 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) in English, commonly known as the "考研英语", is an important and highly competitive examination in China that tests students' English language proficiency. This article will provide an overview of the 2011 GEE and present the actual exam questions and their corresponding answers.Section I:Part A: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1Questions:1. According to the passage, what is the most significant reason for the lack of quality sleep among adolescents?Answer: Academic stress and irregular schedules.2. What is the main purpose of the passage?Answer: To discuss the impact of inadequate sleep on adolescent development.2. Passage 2Questions:1. What is the author's view on the role of money in achieving happiness?Answer: Money alone cannot guarantee happiness, but it is an important factor in improving the overall quality of life.2. According to the passage, what is the primary difference between the perspectives of the rich and the poor on the importance of money?Answer: The rich focus on the potential for obtaining more money, while the poor are more concerned with basic survival needs.Part B: Cloze TestQuestions:1. Answer: elimination2. Answer: pronounced3. Answer: imitate4. Answer: significance5. Answer: undergoingSection II:Translation and Writing1. TranslationTranslate the following paragraph from Chinese to English.原文：中国传统文化源远流长，有着丰富的内涵和智慧。
2011年英语一真题翻译
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”。
尽管有些相反的意见，但笑可能对身体健康影响极小。
笑确实能对心脏和血管产生短期的改变，笑能够促进心律呼吸速率。
但是因为大笑很难持续，一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生很大的益处。
实际上，其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了相反的作用，二十世纪三十年代的一项研究表明笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分钟内会降低肌肉张力。
这样的身体放松可能会帮助减轻心理紧张状态的影响。
笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的身体上的反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。
根据一个经典的情绪理论，我们的感觉部分根源于身体上的反映。
十九世纪末人们便争论这一说法：人们不会因为他们伤心而哭，但当开始尽管悲伤能产生眼泪，证据显示情绪是肌肉反应的结果。
1988年德国乌子堡大学的社会心理学家做了一个实验，他让志愿者用牙咬住一支笔做出假笑，或者用嘴含住一支笔，这个动作会让人产生一种失望的表情。
那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富，这暗示了表情可能会影响情绪，而不只是反过来情绪会影响表情。
同样，笑这一生理行为可以改善心Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1纽约爱乐乐团决定聘请Alan Gilbert作为下一任的音乐总监，这从2009年任命被宣布之日起就在古典音乐界引起了热议。
别的不说，大部分人的反应是积极的。
“好啊，终于好了！” AnthonyTommasini写道，他可是一个以严肃著称的古典音乐评论家。
但是，这个任命之所以引起人们惊讶的原因却是Gilbert相对而言并不是很有名。
甚至在时代杂志上发文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都称其为“低调的音乐家，在他身上找不到那种飞扬跋扈的指挥家的气质。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题答案Section I1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADACSection IIPart A21-25 CBDBA 26-30 BDCAC 31-35 DCBAA 36-40 CDADBPart B41-45 BDACFPart C46. 艾伦的贡献在于研究了一个大家都认可的假设，即：因为我们不是机器人，所以我们能控制我们的思想，并且揭示了这一假设的错误本质。
47.尽管我们能够只通过有意识的思维来维持控制这种幻觉，但实际上我们不断面临这样一个问题：“为什么我自己不能够做到这件事情或者完成那件事情？”48. 这近乎是在为忽视那些需要帮助的人做辩护，以及对剥削现象、对那些处于顶层人的优越感以及底层人的自卑感所做出的一种合理解释。
49. 环境似乎是为了激发我们的最大潜能，而且如果我们感觉上天对我们不公平，那么我们不可能开始有意识地努力去摆脱我们当时的处境。
50. 好的一面是，我们了解既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无限可能。
以前我们是好手，熟练地应付诸多限制；现在我们成为主宰，决定“什么将是可能”。
Section IIIPart ADear my friend,Recently I have watched an amazing film Avatar, and I couldn’t wait to recommend it to you.At first, I was attracted to the theater only because it is directed by James Cameron, whose another masterpiece Titanic is also my favorite. Then, when I sat down and began to enjoy the movie, I was deeply moved and touched by the story. It talks about humans’ greed for a special mineral in the Planet Pandora and the consequent, inevitable conflicts between man and the local Na’vi. Avatar is not just a love story between a human and a Na’vi princess, but also an educational film, from which we all learn that we must live in harmony with the nature. At last, I have to mention that the 3D technology applied in this film is so amazing and incredible. You shouldn’t miss it.Do not hesitate, and go to the theater for Avatar right now! I am sure you will love it, just as I do！Love,Li MingPart BAs is vividly depicted in the given drawing, there is a boat rowing in the center of a lake. Sitting aft and enjoying their sightseeing, a couple of youngsters were dumping rubbish into thelake, with abundant trash floating behind. How shocking!What the painter wants to convey in this picture can be elaborated in terms of environmental protection and social morality. As the national tourism gets thriving, numerous people throng to the scenic spots for weekends and holidays. However, while appreciating the natural beauty, most of the visitors tend to throw away wastes everywhere for their own convenience. Fishes are choked and suffocated by the plastic bags deserted to lakes or rivers, the charming scenery is destroyed by ubiquitous litter, and the fresh air is fouled by the rotting leftovers; as a consequence, the ecological balanced is inevitably greatly shaken and influenced.In my opinion, to serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection, and regulate people’s behaviors in public. What should be done first is to make more people aware of the significance of environment protection. Otherwise, what we have enjoyed at those resorts today will be hardly seen years later. Moreover, relative laws and regulations are supposed to be set up and enforced so as to protect the fragile natural world and punish those who violate the law. Only in these ways can we fully appreciate the wonderful nature and keep it to our descendents.。
2011考研英语翻译真题和答案
2011考研英语翻译真题和答案With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are." Achievement happens because you as a person embodythe external achievement; you don’t “get" success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they r eveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk(直觉的;不经思考的) reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49) circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person's early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained inknowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.参考答案(46)我们都不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想。
2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费
2011考研英语真题及答案解析--免费2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一) 免费Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotl e viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart A[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the autho r feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done wh ere a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spur red by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Cons umers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the c ompany’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of int ense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that m any people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing p arenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing toour own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Mena nd, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in so me fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner c haracter and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you d on’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, thenhumanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unl ikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
2011年安大研究生英语上册英语课后题及答案
第一单元II. Vocabularydimension paradox semblance lousy reckonStance vulnerability idiosyncrasy disciplinary debunk1.It was only later that the aesthetic of literary study became emphasized with anaccompanying concentration on the fictional genres.2.Some might think this a rather approach to a primarily theoretical topic, but it seemsappropriate to this book.3.But we now have to with the fact that the peculiar essence of a human being isrationality, that is, each human essence is some particular form of rationality.4.The that local leaderships had taken had enormous public support, expressed both inthe number prepared to take part in public meetings and in opinion polls.5.Sometimes it's difficult to separate out the consequences of abuse per se from theconsequences of ________ emotional environment, or from the consequences of neglect and deprivation.6.It is the ultimate ________ of this highly academic school of fiction that it defies all the usualrules of academic scrupulosity, as if fiction were a breaking-out, a holiday from cares.7.There are numerous ways to ________ the myths, not the least of which is to simply stop andthink carefully about them.8. A governing, advisory, or ________ body of some colleges and universities composed offaculty members and sometimes student representatives.9.In spite of efforts to give some ________ of fair treatment to the ordinary sailor, no radicalimprovement in the methods or rate of payment was made until after the mutinies of 1797. 10.People with disabilities and other ________ populations should develop their ownemergency plans as well as establish support groups at community level.III. Phrasesin more ways than one act in on the take (with) head formay (might) as well arm with to sb’s credit put on1.In a well-known British newspaper, a writer argued recently that ―industry is caught in a webof bribery‖ and that everyone is ―________‖.2.Seconds after his name was called Saturday night, he hugged everyone important in his life— coaches and family — let out a deep, deep sigh and ________ the podium.3.Woods realized the investors were mostly interested in their net worth and that any increasein their net worth would be ________ in the eyes of his benefactors.4.The cupboards are useful for ______ a reading lamp ______, and of course a dressing table isimportant, with a nice big mirror for doing your hair and ________ the make-up.nguage tests ________ involve objective tests as well as subjective tests, which can fullydemonstrate testees’ linguistic competence.6.An Air Force B-52 bomber was reported to fly across the central United States yesterday with six cruisemissiles ________ nuclear warheads.7.Venice is fragile ________; it is so unique that it requires a special kind of protection.8.The new Act also allows a director of a subsidiary to ________ the best interests of itsholding company even when it may not be in the best interests of the company.V. Clozeexpect drive unimpeachable industrial evaluateperspective shape chiefly objectivity sponsoraffiliation hierarchies acknowledgment support desperateKnowing who wrote a book helps you judge its quality and understand its full significance.Authors are people. Like anyone else, their views are ____1____ by their educations, their jobs, their early lives, and the rest of their experiences. Also like anyone else, they have prejudices, blind spots, ____2____ moments, failings, and desires --- as well as insights, brilliance, ____3____, and successes. All of this comes into play.Most authors belong to organizations: universities, corporations, governments, newspapers, magazines. These organizations each have distinct cultures, ____4____ of power, and social norms. Organizations shape both how a work is written and the content of what it says. For example, university professors are ____5____ to write books and/or journal articles in order to get tenure. These pieces of writing must meet certain standards of quality, defined ____6____ by other professors; for them, content usually matters more than good writing. Journalists, by contrast, are often ____7____ by deadlines and the need to please large audiences. Because of this, their standards of quality are often directed more toward clear and engaging writing than toward ____8____ content; their sources are usually oral rather than written.The more you know about the author and his/her organization, the better you will be able to ____9____ what you read. Try to answer quest ions like these: what shaped the author’s intellectual ____10____? What is his or her profession? Is the author an academic, a journalist, a professional (doctor, lawyer, ____11____ scientist, etc.)? Expertise? Other books and articles?Intellectual network(s)? Gender? Race? Class? Political ____12____? Why did the author decide to write this book? When? For what audience(s)? Who paid for the research work (private foundations, government grant agencies, industrial ____13____, etc.)? Who wrote ―jacket blurb s‖ in ____14_____ of the book?You can often (though not always) learn about much of this from the ____15____, the bibliography, and the author’s biographical statement.Exercise: Translate the following Chinese into English or English into Chinese.1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical, while others are easy to get along with?2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly acceleratedprogram for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition, shelter, communications, health and sanitation.(from the United Nations documents)3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.4. In his autobiography, Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty inexpressing himself clearly and concisely, but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。
2011年考研英语真题答案及解析
2011年考研英语真题答案及解析2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析文章出自2009年4月的《科学美国人》（Scientific American）,作者Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感。
文章主要探讨了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。
第一段由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的观点引出“笑是有益于健康的身体运动”。
第二、三段承接上文，阐述了笑能放松肌肉，从而帮助减轻心理紧张的程度。
第四段以在1988年公布的一项实验为例论证了情绪是肌肉反应的结果，笑这一行为可以使心情好转。
二、试题解析1.[A]among在……之中[B]except除了[C]despite尽管[D]like像，如同【答案】[C]【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身体运动”，由连词but可知，第二句与第一句形成语义转折，即一些人提出相反的观点：笑不利于身体健康。
第二句逗号之后又提出：笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响，这是对前两种观点的否定，由此判断第二句的句内逻辑是转折关系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四个选项中只有[C]despite“尽管”表示转折，所以是正确答案。
2.[A]reflect反映[B]demand要求[C]indicate表明，预示[D]produce产生，引起【答案】[D]【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】上下文语境是“笑确实能对心血管功能短期的改变”，具体说明笑对身体产生的影响。
所选动词要与后面的changes构成动宾关系，并且带有“发生……作用，产生……效果”的含义。
四个选项中[A]reflect“反映”，[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“产生”，只有[D]选项“产生、引起”符合本句语境，所以是正确答案。
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TranslateUnit one1. Why are some people argumentative [ɑ: ɡju’mentətiv]and domineering[dɔmi'niəriŋ], whileothers are shy and hesitant['hezitənt]? … Why are some people greedy, selfish, and cynical ['sinikəl], while others are easy to get along with?为什么有些人强词夺理，专横跋扈，而另一些人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？……为什么有些人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，而另一些人却平易近人？2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation, aimed at widespread dissemination[di:semi'neiʃən]of technology for meeting the basic needs of man, such as nutrition[nju:'triʃən], shelter, communications, health and sanitation[,sæni'teiʃən].(from the United Nations documents)从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播技术以满足人们诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健之类的基本需要。
3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.尽管律师的见解和反应可能会提升新闻报道的质量，但记者最好凭借自己对该新闻意义的理解做出自己的判断。
4. In his autobiography[ɔ: təubai’ɔɡrəfi], Darwin points out modestly that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely [kən'saisli], but he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating['kɔmpenseitiŋ]advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observation.达尔文在自传中谦虚地指出，他经常很难清晰而简洁地表达自己的思想，但他认为可能正因为有了这个困难，他才不得不对自己要说的每一句话进行长时间的认真思考，从而发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，结果这反而成了他的优点。
5. 当前，正在进行以课程教材改革为核心的教育改革，改革的中心目标是变应试教育为素质教育。
随着课程教材改革的深入，原本一纲一本的教材模式已被打破，出现了一纲多本甚至多纲多本的格局。
无论是从指导进行素质教育需要来看，还是在多纲多本情况下加强教学管理来看，编制有我国特色、学科特点的教学目标是必须的。
当然，编制教学目标是一个科学性强、难度高的大工程，应该由国家有关教育领导部门来组织协调。
Presently, an educational reform is under way that centers on curriculums and teaching materials. As our main goal, we will try to reform the educational system so that it focuses on the enhancement of the students’ abilities inst ead of training them merely to pass exams.We used to have only one set of textbooks in line with a single syllabus ['siləbəs,教学大纲]for each course. With the reform deepening, we are beginning to have more than one series of textbooks under the same syllabus or, in some cases, even more than one syllabus for the same course. In order to enhance students’ abilities and strengthen educational administration for the variety of syllabuses and teaching materials available, it is necessary for us to formulate te aching targets suited to China’s situation and particular subjects. Formulation of such targets is a difficult scientific project that must be organized and coordinated by the appropriate state education authorities.Unit two1. 矛盾不断出现，又不断解决，正是事物发展的辩证规律。
The ceaseless emergence and ceaseless resolution of contradictions[kɔntrə’dikʃən,矛盾] constitute the dialectica l[,daiə'lektikəl,辩证的] law of the development of things.2. The 1967 UN document calls for a settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis ofIsrael’s withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israeli’s right to exist.1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占领的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权的基础上来解决中东冲突。
3. The aggression took many forms: the unilateral[,ju:ni'lætərəl,单边的]denunciation[di,nʌnsi'eiʃən,谴责]of treaties and international commitments[kə'mitmənt,义务], interference in the internal affairs of other states, the use of threats against weaker neighbors, the imposition [,impə'ziʃən,强加] of unequal relationships, outright armed attack against the territories of other states and their dismemberment[dis'membəmənt,肢解],the subjugation[,sʌbdʒu'ɡeiʃən,征服]of colonial peoples and the denial of the right to self-determination as well as fundamental human rights.侵略有多种方式：单方面废除条约与国际义务，干涉别国内政，威胁弱小邻国，强迫实行不平等，公然入侵别国领土瓜分别国，征服殖民地民族，否认自决权以及基本人权。
4. Sea gulls are excellent flyers. They can fly many miles without stopping. With a short resthere and there, they can fly from one end of a country to the other. They are good gliders, too. When they glide, they seem to be sliding down invisible slides way up in the air. Sea gulls are good swimmers, too. Their feet are webbed—the little stretches of skin between their toes make paddles. Gulls are floaters. They stay on top of the water like pieces of wood. This is helpful because on long trips over the ocean they will drop down onto the water and float while they take a nap.海鸥善于飞行。
它们可以连续飞很远。
能从一个国家的一端飞到另一端，此间只需偶尔短暂休息一下。