安徽大学研究生公共英语期末考试复习资料(课文翻译和习题答案)
安大研究生公共英语课文summary
Summary上册Unit 1 《how to read a book》本文的中心思想是我们读书也是有方法的，要读好书启发我们的心智，不然就是在浪费时间。
The main idea of this article is that we also have a method to read books, to read good books to enlighten our minds, oris a waste of time.因为人的生命时间有限，而一本好书的价值却可以流芳百世。
Because time is limited, the value of a good book will last forever.那么关于怎样读好书作者讨论了很多，其中谈到了关于文学评论和评论家的问题。
So there's a lot of talk about how to read good writers, and there's a lot of talk about literary criticism and critics.作者认为读书不应该仅仅看这些文学评论家写的书评而忽略了这本书本身带给你的感受。
The author believes that reading should not be about reading the reviews of these literary critics and ignoring how the book makes you feel.在你读诗的时候也会有人给你提建议，这群人自己造诣不高却喜欢批判一切，对任何事物都带有偏见。
You will also be given advice as you read the poems, a group of people who are themselves not very accomplished but like to criticize everything and have a prejudice against everything.对待这群人的最好方式就是置之不理，当他们感觉无法劝动你的时候他们就会放弃。
安徽大学英三翻译
期末考试翻译参考答案（大英三）Unit 1Reading Aloud部分英译汉：孩子们尤其渴望鼓励。
童年时如果得不到善意的赞赏，将会危及性格的发展。
一位年轻妈妈向A·W·比文牧师讲述了一件让人伤心的事：“我的小女儿常常不听话，我不得不批评她。
但是有一天，她特别乖，没有做一件会挨批评的事。
当天晚上，我给她盖好被子、准备下楼时，听见她在抽泣。
我走回去，发现她把头埋在枕头里。
她一边呜咽一边问：‘难道我今天还不够乖吗？’”“那个问题，”那位妈妈说，“像把刀一样刺痛了我。
当她做错事时，我总是急于纠正，可是当她努力表现得好些时，我却没有注意。
我哄她睡觉时连一句称赞的话都没有。
”Unit 2Reading Aloud部分英译汉：对于我们很多人来说，“创造性”一词的周围有一堵墙，我们却在墙外边。
我们会申辩说，我们没有那份天赋，创造性非天才们莫属。
但是，创造性并非是少数天之骄子才有的特殊天赋，或者是那种一个人要么有、要么没的灵光乍现。
在我所认识的最具创造性的人中有一位老妇人，她生活在加利福尼亚州一个偏僻的牧羊场内。
她是智利人，16岁时嫁给一位美国船长，移居到了丈夫的国度，学会了他的语言。
她在那个偏僻且薄雾缭绕的海岸上安了家，过上了日子，创建了一片精神和经商兼顾的产业。
她买卖土地，接生孩子，在剪羊毛的时节得给30个男人做饭。
她生了5个孩子，教他们读书、写字、骑马，还教他们在海洋里像海豹那样舒适自在地游泳。
看到她90高龄还能爬到屋后的山丘上去看日落的海景，你会心潮澎拜、叹服不已。
Unit 3Reading Aloud部分英译汉：学生既不是囚犯，也不是雇员。
缺少教学才能的教师想当然地认为，他们所教的乃是一批必须服从命令的受制于人的听众。
但是，他们错了。
也许各州要求年轻人在16岁前必须受教育，但没有人能够强迫他们学习。
学生本质上是志愿者，好教师都知道，学生必须情感积极投入，学习才会富有成效。
情感的投入有一个过程，从心理沟通开始。
安徽大学《大学英语》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷
课程名称___大学英语2023—2024学年第1学期考试试题_考试方式（闭卷）适用专业本科考试时间（120）分钟题号一二三四五六总分得分评卷人Part ⅠListening Comprehension (15minutes)(15points)Directions:This part is to test your listening ability.It consists of 3sections.Section ADirections:In this section you will hear 5short dialogues.Each dialogue will beplayed only once.After it there is a pause.During the pause you should readthe incomplete statement printed in the test paper and complete it accordingto what you have just heard.Write your words in the corresponding space onthe Answer Sheet.1.The father was ________________his son.2.The woman means that the teacher _______________at the party.3.The man can't remember where he was last night at ________________.4.The man is planning to ________________.5.The woman was late for ________________.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear another 5short dialogues.After each dialoguethere will be a question.Both the dialogues and questions will be played onlyonce.And a pause will follow each question.When you hear a question,youshould write down the answer in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.6.____________________________________________________________.7.____________________________________________________________.安徽大学8.____________________________________________________________.9.____________________________________________________________.10.____________________________________________________________. Section CDirections:In this section you will hear2recorded short passages.Each passage will be followed by2or3questions.Each passage will be played two times.Butthe questions will be played only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause you should choose the correct answer from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then you should mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions11and12are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A)One week.B)One month.C)One year.D)Two years.12.A)By going to the university in person.B)By studying a general reference book.C)By writing to the university for its catalogue.D)By going to the library for its catalogue.Passage TwoQuestions13to15are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A)She started crying bitterly.B)She fell from the bed and lost consciousness.C)She had a high fever.D)She suddenly stopped breathing.14.A)She called in a policeman.B)She rushed to the police.C)She ran out to get the doctor.D)She tried to phone for help.15.A)She learned the method from a newspaper.B)She remembered her sister's advice.C)The doctor told her what to do.D)The policeman told her what to do.PartⅡVocabulary and Structure(25minutes)(35points) Directions:This part is to test your mastery of the usage of vocabulary and grammar.There are3sections in it.Section ADirections:This section is to test the use of vocabulary.There are20incompletesentences in it.You are required to complete each one by choosing the mostappropriate(恰当的)word or phrase from the4choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with asingle line through the centre.16.We had not gone many miles when we were____________by the police.A)pulled downB)pulled upC)pulled outD)pulled in17.My wife's health will not____________this cold wet climate.A)keep up withB)stand up toC)get rid ofD)come through18.The policemen charged him with____________the public peace.A)disturbingB)interferingC)dismissingD)interrupting19.____________saving a few dollars,Miss Clemson walks to work.A)As a result ofB)For the sake ofC)In the event ofD)On the grounds of20.Their industrial output was____________at$289.2million in1996.A)pricedB)costC)soldD)valued21.They are making preparations for new investment(投资)in the country,____________inlarge projects.A)apparentlyB)especiallyC)eventuallyD)originally22.Between1992and1996,annual sales of gold____________more than200tons in China.A)levelledB)equalledC)averagedD)amounted23.About200companies from15countries and____________have applied to take part in theexhibition.A)regionsB)areasC)partsD)fields24.It was____________that he was not satisfied by my story.A)mysteriousB)essentialC)fancyD)obvious25.In order to discover the crops most suited to the soil,they experimented____________various kinds of grain.A)forB)atC)onD)with26.Wujin Diesel Engine Plant is____________its efforts to compete in the markets.A)strengtheningB)emphasizingC)fulfillingD)restoring27.The news will quickly be known through the____________of the broadcasting station.A)measuresB)mediumC)middleD)manners28.You can____________to your notes when you are speaking.B)turnC)consultD)keep29.Concrete measures have been____________to achieve closer cooperation than ever before.A)mentionedB)realizedC)proposedD)operated30.His face____________a red color because of his embarrassment.A)stuck toB)put onC)took onD)kept to31.We can make exchange rates more____________and narrow the differences.A)popularB)frequentC)flexibleD)public32.There is a forest of cliffs,including an isolated____________in a wooden-club shape.A)peakB)topC)branchD)spot33.The young girl____________the wrapping in her eagerness to find her birthday present.A)took offB)tore offC)took awayD)got away34.The World Cup football match is just____________the corner.A)roundB)nearC)onD)at35.Every one can only marry one____________in China.A)at a timeB)at any timeD)at one timeSection BDirections:This section is to test the use of grammar.There are10incompletesentences in it.You should fill in each blank with the correct form of theword given in the brackets.Write the word or words in the corresponding spaceon the Answer Sheet.36.As I passed the barrier,I declared I(find)________this child on the road.37.Mr.Witherspoon did not object to(explain)________a problem over and over again.38.An interest that has once been dropped cannot easily(recover)________.39.When(respond)________to a question about this,9.9percent of the youths were"greatlysatisfied"and52.8percent were"fairly satisfied".40.I say this merely(indicate)________that this cannot be considered the solution to allsocial problems.41.A child(bring up)________in a poor environment may turn out to be a criminal.42.You should watch the newspapers for the(announce)________of the meeting.43.Pressure is believed to raise the(boil)________point of a liquid.44.Tom is often(understand)________by his classmates as he fails to express himselfproperly.45.These painters say that they(finish)________the downstairs rooms by Wednesday. Section CDirections:This section is to test your ability to construct sentences.There are5groups of words here.You should use them to make grammatically correctsentences.Remember that you need to change the forms of some words and addsome words if necessary.Also remember that no word given should be left out.Example:Good/manners/should/observe/whether/one/eat/restaurant/or/homeGood manners should be observed whether one eats at a restaurant or at home.46.We/hope/positive/results/come/out/on-going/debates/this/matter_________________________________________________________________47.Tibetan people/use/rely/wood/sods(草皮)/for/cook/or/keep/warm_________________________________________________________________48.As/nature/reserve/area/be/rich/forest/resource/and/be/paradise(乐园)/for/animal_________________________________________________________________49.By/end/last/October/foreign-funded/bank/number/175_________________________________________________________________50.Their/product/sell/over/20/country/Southeast/Asia/South/Asia/Europe/America_________________________________________________________________PartⅢReading Comprehension(30 minutes)(20points)Directions:This part is to test your reading ability.There are some tasks for you to fulfill.You should read the given materials carefully and do the tasks as you areinstructed.Task1Directions:After reading the following passage,you will find5questions or unfinished statements,numbered51through55.For each question or statement there are4choices marked A),B),C)or D).You should make the correct choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Nowadays,cities are becoming more and more densely populated.Some pessimists are deeply worried about the serious problems posed by the huge populations.They believe that the public services are already overloaded and near the verge of collapse.Especially in some developing countries,the metropolis are overcrowded all the time.Thronged streets, stuffed buses and jammed subways continuously batter people's lives.Some optimists, however,see the current problems as merely part of an evolutionary process.They arguethat London and New York had similar problems but were able eventually to establish an orderly and safe environment for their citizens.It seems that people become the controversial factor here.Either they themselves as inhabitants cause inconvenience toeach other,or they participate together in city developing plans and contribute effortsto facilitate city life.Human elements are therefore the core for determining the futureof big cities.51.According to the passage,____________poses the most serious problem.A)pollutionB)noiseC)populationD)traffic jam52.If the pessimists are to give examples,____________serves as the best one.A)TokyoB)SingaporeC)Mexico CityD)Sydney53."Controversial"has the similar meaning with____________.A)importantB)keyC)disputingD)unusual54.The last sentence implies that____________.A)good management systems are essentialB)a great leader is all importantC)the more people,the betterD)big cities have no bright future55.____________characterizes the way the passage organized.A)DescriptionB)ComparisonC)ExemplificationD)ContrastTask2Directions:There are6sentences marked A),B),C),D),E)and F)here.They are taken from one paragraph but not in the right order.You should read them carefullyand restore(恢复)the first5sentences of the paragraph to their originalorder.Then put the marks of the sentences in the brackets numbered56through60on the Answer Sheet.Remember that one sentence should be left out.A)The more toys that are made,the cheaper they are for us to buy in the shops.B)Because there are so many different jobs to be done in the production of each toy,the workers are organised into groups.C)This means that the workers become very good,or specialised(专业化的),at the work they do.D)Each group does a different job or set of jobs.E)People working in some of the departments may never see the finished toy they have helped to make.F)Because of this specialisation,one person can't make a complete toy by himself.56.()57.()58.()59.()60.()Task3Directions:Read the given passage carefully.Then answer the questions following it in as few words as possible,that is,no more than10words.Remember to writeyour answers in the corresponding space(61through65)on the Answer Sheet.The ideal(理想)culture is the culture that the members of a society think they have;the real culture is the culture they actually have.In all societies there is a differencebetween the two.If an American citizen were asked to tell a visitor from a foreign land something about how Americans think and live,his description would probably be somewhat less than true.He might say,for example,that the United States is a democracy(民主),that all men are created equal,and that all have the same legal and social rights.Hemight fail to mention,however,that some Americans,whose skin happens to have a darker color,do not enjoy these rights equally with other citizens.61.What is discussed in the passage?____________________________________________________________________________ 62.How would an American describe his society to a foreigner?____________________________________________________________________________ 63.What is the reason that an American's description about his society might notcompletely be true?____________________________________________________________________________ 64.What is the truth concerning the Americans with dark skin?____________________________________________________________________________ 65.How does the author prove the difference between the two cultures?____________________________________________________________________________ Task4Directions:Read the given passage carefully.Then complete the chart following it with the information you have got from the passage.Remember to write your answersin the corresponding space(66through70)on the Answer Sheet.Are you aware of the striking similarities between two of the most popular US presidents,Abraham Lincoln and John F.Kennedy?A minor point is that the names Lincolnand Kennedy both have seven letters.Lincoln and Kennedy are both remembered for their sense of humor,as well as for their interest in civil rights.Lincoln became president on1860,Kennedy in1960.Neither man took the advice of his secretary not to make a public appearance on the day on which he was assassinated.They were both killed on a Friday inthe presence of their wives.Both assassins have fifteen letters in their names,and bothwere murdered before they could be brought to trial.And finally,the same caisson carriedthe bodies of both men in their funeral procession.66.___________________________________67.___________________________________68.___________________________________69.___________________________________70.___________________________________PartⅣTranslation—English into Chinese(15minutes)(10points) Directions:This part is to test your ability to translate English sentences and paragraphs.There are3English sentences and one short paragraph.You should translate themcorrectly into Chinese.Remember to write the Chinese in the corresponding space onthe Answer Sheet.71.People throughout the world have been awakened to the fact that the Earth's resourcesare drying up.__________________________________________________________________72.Generally speaking,manufacturers do not deal direct with individual customers.__________________________________________________________________73.We had thought he was an American but he turned out to be a Japanese.__________________________________________________________________74.We firmly believe the Sino-US relationship will only improve and grow in a healthy,stable and forward direction well into the21st century if all the principles laid outin the three Sino-US joint communiqués(联合公报)are observed._________________________________________________________________PartⅤTranslation—Chinese into English(15minutes)(10points) Directions:This part is to test your ability to translate Chinese sentences.There are5 Chinese sentences here.You should translate them correctly into English.Rememberto write the English in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.75.很显然，吸引外资对这个城市的现代化建设是至关重要的。
研究生英语习题答案与参考译文
目录第一部分课文参考译文第一单元课文：如何应对恭维补充阅读：用幽默化解难题第二单元课文：形象还是表象补充阅读：成功孕育成功第三单元课文：乔治兄弟补充阅读：教堂司事福尔曼第四单元课文：安乐死有时合情合理补充阅读：危急关头，她拒绝实施安乐死的请求第五单元课文：从业场所犹如猎偶战场补充阅读：你们男人还想兼而得之！第六单元课文：永存的美补充阅读：该是结束谣言的时候了第七单元课文：令人烦恼的二十年岁补充阅读：可预测的成年危机第八单元课文：异化社会里的工作补充阅读：论工作第九单元课文：究竟还有无隐私？补充阅读：隐私与媒体：神圣何在？第十单元课文：隐形说客补充阅读：新的说客（依旧隐形）第二部分练习参考答案第一单元如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册（全）
安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册（全）第一篇：安徽大学研究生读写译教程课文总结翻译答案上册(全) Unit OneText A How to Read A BookIntroductory Remarks ―Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.‖ Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago.However, what are the criteria for those books to be ―chewed and digested?‖ How to tell good literature from bad literature? On these issues, people don‘t seem to have reached an agreement.In the article, Nobel laureate Joseph Brodsky first states that people‘s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read.Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job;even book reviewers can‘t help much.In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the most concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation.Text-related Information1.The Last Judgment The last judgment(sometime referred to as universal judgment)is a firmly held belief of Roman Catholicism.Immediately upon death each soul undergoes a particular judgment, and, depending upon the state of that person's soul, goes to heaven, purgatory, or hell.The last judgment will occur after the resurrection of the dead and the reuniting of a person's soul with his or her own physical body.At the time of the last judgment Christ will come in his glory, and allthe angels with him, and in his presence the truth of each man's relationship with God will be laid bare, and each person who has ever lived will be judged with perfect justice.Those already in heaven will remain in heaven;those already in hell will remain in hell;and those in purgatory will be released into heaven.The Roman Catholic Church holds no doctrinal position on the fate of those in Limbo.Following the last judgment, the bliss of heaven and the pains of hell will be perfected in that those present will also be capable of physical bliss/pain.After the last judgment the universe itself will be renewed with a new heaven and a new earth.2.The rhetoric “anticlimax”In rhetoric, climax is a figure of speech, in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance.Climax comes from the Greek word for “ladder”.Examples:There are three things that will endure: faith, hope, and love.But the greatest of these is love.“I think we've reached a point of great decision, not just for our nation, not only for all humanity, but for life upon the earth.” George Wald A Generation in Search of a Future, March 4, 1969.“...Lost, vaded, broken, dead within an hour.William Shakespeare, The Passionate Pilgrim, XIII.”...the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.“ Martin Luther King, I Have a Dream.Similarly an anticlimax is an abrupt declension(either deliberate or unintended)on the part of a speaker or writer from the dignity of the idea which he appeared to be aiming at;as in the following well-known distich:---”The great Dalhousie, he, the god of war, Lieutenant-colonel to the earl of Mar.“An anticlimax can be intentionally employed only for ajocular or satiric purpose.It frequently partakes of the nature of antithesis, as in，”Die and endow a college or a cat.“3.Belles lettresBelles letters(from the French for literature, literally ”fine letters“)refers to literature that is appreciated for the beauty, artistry, and originality of its style and tone rather than for its ideas and informational content.Earlier the term was synonymous with literature, referring particularly to fiction, poetry, drama, criticism, and essays.However, belletristic literature has come to mean light, artificial writing and essays extolling the beauties of nguage Points1.On the whole, books are less limited than ourselves.Often they sit on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has turned into a handful of dust---and it is precisely the appetite for this posthumous dimension that sets one‟s pen in motion.On the whole, books have longer lives than the writers who write them.Long after the writer has died, his or her books may remain on bookshelves absorbing dust.It is due to the desire to be remembered after death that motivates the author to write continuously.2.So as we toss and turn these rectangular objects in our hands we won‟t be terribly amiss if we surmise that we fondle, as it were, the urns with our returning ashes.Therefore, when we take a book in our hands, it is not totally wrong for us to think that we are, actually, handling the urn containing our own ashes.amiss adj.: not functioning properly;e.g.A few words of introduction may not come amiss.Is there anything amiss?surmise v: infer from incomplete evidence;e.g.We surmised that he must have had an accident.There‘s so little to go on, we can only surmise what happened.n.: a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidencee.g.His surmise proved correct.Your first surmise was right.3.Whoever said that to philosophize is an exercise in dying was right in more ways than one, for by writing a book nobody gets younger.Some people say that to think philosophically is to experience the process of death.That is right in many aspects, as in the process of writing a book, the author only gets older and older.philosophize v.: conduct philosophical thinking;reason philosophically e.g., They spend their time philosophizing about the mysteries of life.a tendency to philosophize about racial harmony4.The paradox, however, lies in the fact that in literature “good” is defined by its distinction from “bad”.But, what seems contradictory is that in literature good works are identified by its distinction from bad works, i.e., a piece of work is good because it is not bad.5.That‟s what may constitute bad literature ‟s best defense at the Last Judgment.That may be the reason why there exist so many pieces of bad literature.6.Of course, there is no denying the pleasure of holding up with a fat, slow-moving, mediocre novel;but in the end, we read not for reading‟s sake but to learn.Of course, there is pleasure of some kind in reading a thick, lengthy and ordinary novel;but in the end, we do not read just for the sake of reading but read for learning something.there is no denying: it cannot be denied;one cannot deny the fact that e.g.There is no denying the enjoyment of a vacation after long period of hard work..There is no denying the fact that he is a faithful husband.7.Hence the need for the works that bring the human predicament into its sharpest possible focus.Hence, too, the need for some compass in the ocean of available printed matter.Therefore, we need to read works that reflect the puzzle of human beings.We also need some guidance in search of goodworks among all the books ever printed.bring … into focus: make something sharply visible;make something clear and understandable e.g.I adjusted the binoculars until I brought the bird sharply into focus.Please try to bring your major point into focus earlier in the essay.8.…he can have strong predilections for a certain kind of writing or simply be on the take with the publishing industry …he may have his own preference for a certain kind of writing or he may gain some profit from the publishing houses(by recommending books published by those publishing houses).on the take: taking or seeking to take bribes or illegal income;e.g.There were policemen on the take.The mayor is reported to have been on the take with the real estate enterprise.9.The alternative, therefore, would be to develop your own taste, to build your own compass, to familiarize yourself, as it were, with particular stars and constellations---dim or bright but always remote.Therefore, what you can do is develop your own judgment, establish your own criteria for guidance, familiarize yourself with particular authors or writers who may serve as guiders.These artists may be well or little known, but regardless they are always set apart.10.This, however, takes a hell of a lot of time and you may easily find yourself old and grey, heading for the exit with a lousy volume under your arm.However, this will take you a lot of time, so much so that when you are old and coming to the end of your life, you still cannot find the guidance for selecting good books and end up reading the ordinary ones.heading for the exit: coming to the end of one‘s lifelousy adj.: very bad;mean;contemptible;e.g.The food was lousy and there was not enough of it.He wrote only lousy poems.11.The source of the suggestion to come belongs to thecategory of people for whom literature has always been a matter of some hundred names;to the people who feel awkward at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find metaphysical excuses for adultery, and are finicky about discussing politics;the people who dislike themselves far more than their detractors do;who still prefer alcohol and tobacco to heroin or marijuana.The source of the following suggestion belongs to those people for whom literature has always been just a list of some hundred authors;to those people who feel ill at ease at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find philosophical excuses for adultery, and are fussy about discussing politics;to those people who dislike themselves even more than those who belittle them do;to those people who still prefer alcohol and tobacco to drugs.12.“one will not find on the barricades and who never shoot themselves or their lover”.―those who won‘t be found to participate in street demonstrations and who never kill themselves or their lovers‖.13.If such people occasionally find themselves swimming in their blood on the floor of prison cells or speaking from a platform, it is because they object not to some particular injustice but the order of the whole world as a whole.If those people are found to be killed in a prison or are making a public speech on a platform, that‘s not becaus e they object to any specific injustice but because they are against the general order of the whole world.14.They have no illusions about the objectivity of their views;on the contrary, they insist on their unpardonable subjectivity.They are very clear that their views are not objective, and they stick to their subjective views even though it is inexcusable to do so.15.… they consider vulnerability the primary trait of living matter.… they think that susceptibility to injury orattack is the attribute of all living things.16.This has less to do with masochistic tendencies than with their instinctive knowledge that extreme subjectivity, prejudice, and indeed idiosyncrasy are what help art to avoid cliché.This is not because they have the tendency to derive pleasure from being abused, but because they instinctively believe that extreme subjectivity, prejudice and idiosyncrasy are the best ways for art to avoid being ordinary.17.I am no union man.I do not belong to any literary association.18.The point is that being the supreme form of human locution, poetry is not only the most concise way of conveying the human experience;it also offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation---especially one on paper.The point is that, as the most advanced form of human language, poetry is not only the most concise way of expressing the human experience, but it also sets up the highest standards for all other language forms, especially for the written language.19.A child of epitaph and epigram, poetry is a great disciplinarian to prose.Derived from epitaph and epigram, poetry sets the standards for prose.20.It teaches the latter not only the value of each word but also the mercurial mental patterns of the species, alternatives to linear composition, the knack of omitting the self-evident, emphasis on detail, the technique of anticlimax.It teaches prose not only the value of each word but also thinking patterns outside the linear composition, techniques of omitting self-evident parts, of emphasizing the details, and of the use of anticlimax.mercurial adj.: changeable;varying e.g.a mercurial natureShe has a mercurial turn of conversation.In Roman mythology, Mercury was a messenger, and a god of trade, profit and commerce.Mercury has influenced the name of a number ofthings in a variety of scientific fields, such as the planet Mercury, and the element mercury.The word mercurial is commonly used to refer to something or someone erratic, volatile or unstable, derived from Mercury's swift flights from place to place.knack n.: a special skill, talent, or ability;e.g.a knack for making clothesHe‘s got the knack of getting people to listen.anticlimax n: a disappointing decline after a previous rise e.g.It was sad that his international career should end so anticlimactically.21.Above all, poetry develops in prose that appetite for metaphysics which distinguishes a work of art from mere belles letters.Most important of all, poetry directs prose toward the metaphysical forms, and it is in this pursuit that good literature becomes distinguished from bad literature.22.All I am trying to do is to be practical and spare your eyesight and brain cells a lot of useless printed matter.All I am trying to do is to be of some practical use to you and help you avoid those useless books.spare v.: refrain from harming;save or relieve from an experience or action e.g.I can't spare him today we need everybody here.The hotel staff spared no pains to ensure that our stay was as enjoyable as possible.It was a horrible accident---I'll spare you the details.23.All you have to do is to arm yourselves with the works of poets in your mother tongue, preferably from the first half of this century, and you will be in great shape.All you have to do is to read the works of poets in your mother tongue, especially the poets from the first half of this century, and you will gain the most from reading.be in shape: be in good health;strong and healthy;fit.e.g.Bob exercises frequently, so he's in good condition.If I were in shape, I could run faster and farther.I'm really overweight.I have to try to get into shape.24.If, after going through the works of any of these, you drop a book of prosepicked from the shelf, it won‟t be your fault.After you have read the works of any of these poets, if you cannot keep on reading a book of prose taken randomly from the bookshelf, it won‘t be your fault.(Here, the author implies thatthe prose does not measure up to the standards of the works of those poets.)25.If you continue to read it, that will be to the author‟s credit: that will mean that this author has something to add to the truth about our existence.If you can go on with the reading, the author, then, is worth reading, and it also means that this author has provided us with some truth about our lives.to sb.‟s credit: worthy of praise;in one‘s namee.g.It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found;your honesty does you credit.It is to my credit to help those in want.Key to Exercises prehension 1.Often books sit on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has turned into a handful of dust./ Books remain on the shelves absorbing dust long after the writer has died.2.Because, according to the author, good literature is defined by its distinction from bad literature.That is to say, good literature is good because it is not bad, and bad literature is bad because it is not good.This is rather paradoxical.3.Since we are all moribund, and since reading books is time-consuming, we need a compass in the ocean of books.If we do not have such a compass, it is difficult for us to find the right books to read.4.a.he can be a hack, as ignorant as ourselves;b.he can have strong preference for a certain kind of writing or simply take bribery from the publishing house;c.he might turn his review writing into an independent art form.5.If he had been a publisher, he would be putting on the books‘ covers not only their authors‘ names but also the exactage at which they composed this or that work.By so doing, he would enable readers to decide whether they care to consider the views of a book written by a person so much younger or so much older than themselves.6.This group of people are special because literature has always been a matter of some hundred names to them, because they feel awkward at large gatherings, do not dance at parties, tend to find metaphysical excuses for adultery, and are finicky about discussing politics;because they dislike themselves far more than their detractors do;because they still prefer alcohol and tobacco to drugs.These people w on‘t participate in demonstrations, and they won‘t shoot themselves or their lovers.7.These people are unpardonably subjective in their views.8.The author suggests that the best way to develop good taste in literature is to read poetry.In the authors point of view, poetry is a great disciplinarian to prose and teaches the latter not only the value of each word but also the mercurial mental patterns of the species, alternatives to linear composition, the knack of omitting the self-evident, emphasis on detail, and the technique of anticlimax.9.If you believe in what the author says, all you have to do is to read the works of poets in your mother tongue, preferably from the first half of this century.10.It means that the book, which has added something to the truth about our existence, is worth reading.It would also mean, at the same time, that you have developed an incurable addiction to reading which is good for your life.II.Vocabulary 1.dimension 2.idiosyncratic 3.reckon 4.stance 5.lousy 6.paradox 7.debunk 8.disciplinary 9.semblance 10.vulnerableIII.Phrases 1.on the take 2.headed for 3.to his credit 4.putting…on;putting on 5.might as well 6.armed with 7.in more ways than one 8.act in IV.Error detection and correction 1.thegreatest problems 2.in which 改成 which 3.credited 改成 credited with 4.Greatly high 改成 High 5.stood改成 standing 6.any other student 7.as much 改成as many 8.Though remembered 9.considering 改成 to consider 10.that they got 改成did they getV.Cloze 1.shaped 2.desperate 3.objectivity 4.hierarchies 5.expected 6.chiefly 7.driven 8.unimpeachable 9.evaluate 10.perspective 11.industrial 12.affiliation 13.sponsors 14.support 15.acknowledgementText A 的参考译文论读书（赵亚莉译）总的来说，书本的寿命要比我们自己长。
自学习安徽大学研究生英语上册 1-5单元期末考试Summary and comment
1、《How to read a book》In this passage,Joseph talks about how to read a book. He develops this article in three parts,the difficulty in finding good books,the significance of poetry and the suggestion to read poetry. The author speaks highly of reading various books. Especially ,the poetry. And he believes that the truth is literature started with poetry. Reading books is time-consuming. In order to save our time and energy,we really need to find good and suitable books.As we know, books have become necessary parts in our daily life.various worlds showed in these books,such as,the charm of Tibet, the friendship between two girls etc. But how to chose books? Taking this problem into consideration ,in my view, a right direction ,biograph or traveling is important. Of course,you can read those types in your leisure time,but not all the time.our own special fields also could not be ignored. About poetry,the author showed us lots of the hows and whys. But to be the truth,I don’t like poetry. Most of the time,the meaning of the poetry is too obscure to understand. But I’m in favor of the author’s viewpoint. If we have interests in poetry,it maybe a wise advice.2、《Recession-proofing your career》To keep a threat awareness in mind and acting for your career are the primary idea of this article. The author develops this text into 2 parts: the necessity for recession-proofing your career and strategies for protecting your career.First, know yourself,including the key skills and the areas of competence. This is the first and a necessary part before embarking on entirely your career. Then, marketing yourself. No one willing to refuse a Mr.right in the career,so do you .Finding right platforms ,you can realize your value. The author also throws out a problem:if you lost main source of income tomorrow ,could you fine an alternate source to replace it? In addition to pursue learning and development opportunities, we also can create a fallback position and stay culturally current to ensure your employability in the future. Moreover,as all we know, we could not hold one careerwithout any obstacle. Rather than being defeated by failure,we must learn from those setbacks and use them to your advantages in the future.Finally ,act type A,think type B, that is thinking and recognizing yourself once again and again. It seems a cycle from knowing yourself to recognize once again in the whole career life.Nowadays, with the fast-shifting of the economic, we are really all living and working in a TempWorld. Preparing before happening never is not a wise idea.3、《Lies》“Lies”is a typical critical article about whether we can tell lies in our daily life. The author uses abundant examples to convey the existence and necessity for lies and shows his own opinion —mankind must have lies and the bigger the better. To understand this attitude,we must look at the way the author how writes the passage. The author began the essay by telling the fact that although people usually have many negative views about lies,but we tell lies form time to time. Then the body gives us lots of reasons why we need lies sometimes,such as in order to maintain the stability of society,ruling the religion etc.I was impressed by the sentence—“Art is a lie that tells the truth”.if someone is not willing to admit he/she have told lies,the facts itself is a lie. People must have told lies for different reasons and in different environments in our past ages. We know the choice between lies and truth decided mainly bases on our purposes. And we prefer to believe lies ,because truth may be frightening. But I just agree the author’s views in a certain degree. Because lies can make the betterment of the world,but can never make the world.4、《Don’t let complexity stop you》The author begins his speech with the life in Harvard many years ago. It takes decades for him to find out that the highest human achievement is reducing inequity. However,reducing inequity is a too complex task, so it is easy to surrender to complexity and quit. The author takes it as an example and tells those graduates: Don’t let complexity stop you. To understand this view,we must look at the way the author how deal with complex problems.When we come across an problem, BillGates shows us how to analyze and slove it. Three points: seeing a problem,finding a solution and caring the impact.Bill Gates sincerely give the young graduates a advise:everyone can take on a complex problem and become a specialist on it. Don’t let complexity stop you. This sentence also can be regarded as our motto in our life or work. There are no doubts that various difficulties occur in the future.But escaping frustrations is humanities’nature,which also gives us an explanation about those complains, that is, why i give up halfway once agin? So if you anticipate a wonderful life without any pities.we should really see a problem and cutting through complexity to find a solution.5、《The riddle of time》The author firstly questioned how to define the “time”. But body can find a good definition so far. Time remains a riddle that exists only in our minds. Then the author uses the presentation of time—clock as the main line to tell us time’s development. Clock contains all the wisdom of human beings. In the body of this article, the author lists many famous and influential clocks,such as water clock,pendulum clock,atomic clock ,nature’s clock and body clock. In the end,with such question—have we become slaves to the clock. The author concludes the text by offering david landes’opinion and his own views.What’s the real definition of time? The answer may vary from people and people. Time is a simple but complex concept for everybody. All of us contact with it all the time,which also instructs our life and work. So there is no need to spend all your life to think about it. Because finally we are still in control of how we use time and how it affects us.。
研究生公共英语（下）课本翻译
研究生公共英语（下）课本翻译Unit 1: Science vs. the Humanities科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。
要了解科学在于解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真实含义是什么。
科学一词来自拉丁语Scire，它的意思是“知道”。
所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。
但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。
这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。
我们所了解的有关艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度地分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。
Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, Scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Unit5: The Science of Custom对人类学家来说，文化的涵义远胜于修养、品味、温文尔雅、教育以及美术欣赏等。
安徽大学研究生英语上册12356的课后习题翻译
Unit One Text A How to Read A Book1. Why are some people argumentative and domineering, while others are shy and hesitant?... Why are some people greedy, selfish , and cynical ,while others are easy to get along with?1.为什么有些人强词夺理，专横跋扈，而另一些人却羞羞答答，优柔寡断？……为什么有些人贪婪自私，玩世不恭，而另一些人却平易近人？2. From the standpoint of the developing countries, the next decade should see a greatly accelerated program for scientific and technological co-operation , aimed at widespread dissemination of technology for meeting the basic needs of man ,such as nutrition ,shelter ,communications ,health and sanitation.2.从发展中国家的观点来看，下一个十年应有一个大力加速科学技术合作的纲领，旨在广泛传播技术以满足人们诸如营养、住宅、交通、卫生保健之类的基本需要。
3. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories ,it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.3.尽管律师的见解和反应可能会提升新闻报道的质量，但记者最好凭借自己对该新闻意义的理解做出自己的判断。
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第一单元
论读书
（赵亚莉译）
总的来说，书本的寿命要比我们自己长。
常常是写书的人早已化为了一堆黄土而其著作却依旧立在书架上积聚尘土，但恰恰是死后占有这一席之地的欲望促使人们笔耕不坠。
所以，当我们手中摆弄和翻动这些方块形物体的时候，设想我们手里抚弄的不是具体的书本，而是盛着我们自己回归大地的骨灰的瓮，那也没什么不对。
毕竟，写一本书投入进去的，说到底是一个人只有一次的生命。
有人说过进行哲学思考就是一步步趋向死亡。
不管是谁说的，这种说法从几种意义来说都是有道理的，因为一个人绝不会因为写一本书而变年轻。
同样读一本书也不会使人更年轻。
既然如此，我们自然倾向于读好书。
然而，困难在于文学中的“好”是通过区别“坏”来鉴定的。
此外，要写出一本好书，一个作家必须阅读大量平庸读物，否则他是没法找到必要的写作标准的。
这可能就会为坏文学作品在最后审判日为自己辩护的最佳理由。
既然我们精力不济，既然读书很耗费时间，我们就必须找出一个能让我们至少表面上省时省力的方法来。
当然不可否认长时间读一本厚厚的、情节发展缓慢的平庸小说所带来的乐趣，但我们最终目的毕竟不是为读书而读书，而是为了学到点什么。
因此，我们需要一些最大限度地浓缩人生矛盾困境的作品，需要一些在浩如烟海的书籍中类似指南针一样的作品。
当然，这个指南针的职责是由文学评论及评论家们来担当的。
不幸的是，指南针的针摆动得太没谱了。
对某些人来说它指北，而对另一些人来说却是指南。
评论家的问题有三：第一，他可能是个作品低劣的平庸文人，而且就和我们自己一样无知；第二，他可能对某一类作品特别偏爱或者干脆从出版社得到好处；第三，如果他是一个有才华的作家的话，他会将他的评论写成一篇独立于原作的文学作品，在这一点上乔治·路易斯·博尔赫斯就是一个典型例子。
结果，你可能会只读他的评论而不去管他评论的那本书了。
无论何种情况，你都会发现自己漂流在海洋中，紧紧抓住一只你不知道它能漂浮多久的木筏。
因此，你如另谋他途就只好培养你自己的品味，制造自己的指南针，亲自去熟悉那些特殊的星星及星座，无论它们是暗淡的还是明亮的，但总是那么遥远的。
不过，这样做要耗费大量的时间，以至于你很快就发现自己老了，头发白了，胳肢窝里夹着一本一无是处的书，正在走向人生的终点。
那么这样漂浮究竟在哪儿着陆呢，哪怕仅仅只是一个荒无人烟的小岛也好？我们的那个好人“星期五”又在哪儿呢？在我提出我的建议之前，我想先就这一解决方法的提出者也就是鄙人说几句，这不是出自我的个人虚荣，而是因为我相信一种意见的价值是与它提出的背景密切相关的。
确实，如果我是个出版商的话，我必将在每本书的封面上不仅印上作者名字，还要把他们创作这部或那部作品的确切年龄都印上，让读者自己决定是否愿意考虑这个比他们年轻得多或者老得多的作者作品里的观点。
这个即将提出的建议出自这样一类人，在他们看来，文学只不过是几百个人的名字而已；他们在大型聚会上感到别扭，在晚会上不跳舞，喜欢为通奸找玄学上的借口，谈论政治小题大作吹毛求疵；这类人比诽谤者更不喜欢他们自己；喜。